PA Wines Grape Guide
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Grape Basics
Grape Basics s – any c ll grape olor – A vitamins C Shop and Save ntain and K co < For eating fresh, choose h help heal cu whic ts. table grapes. They have thinner skins and are sweet and juicy. Grapes grown for juice or wine have thicker skins and much Raisins more sugar. < Depending on the variety of < Look for firm, plump grapes grape, raisins (dried grapes) that are firmly attached to become dark brown or golden. green, flexible stems. < Look for tightly-sealed < Avoid grapes that are containers or covered bulk shriveled, sticky, have brown bins. Raisins should feel soft spots, or with dry, brittle and pliable. stems. < Store raisins in an airtight < Grapes are commonly purple, container in a cool, dry, dark red or pale green. They may place. be seedless or have seeds. Try < different colors, sizes and Once opened, reseal the textures by choosing the variety package tightly to help prevent that is lowest in price. hardening. For best quality use within 6 months. < If raisins become hard, soak in hot liquid for 5 to 15 minutes. Drain and use. < It takes 1 cup of grapes to make ¼ cup of raisins. They Store Well both have about 100 calories. Waste Less M Whole grapes are a I Leave grapes on the stem but remove any grapes that are serious choking hazard for shriveled, brown, or moldy. perforated plastic bag. For best children younger than four I Grapes can be kept on the quality, use within 7 to 10 days. years old. Cut grapes in countertop for a day or two, but I Rinse under cool water just half lengthwise or even last longer when refrigerated. -
NYSAES | Pubs | Press | Perrine 2000
Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences New York State Agricultural Experiment Station Home / News & Events / NYSAES News Releases Pictures are linked to hi-res scans EMBARGOED UNTIL JULY 10 Today's date: July 7, 2006 Contact: Linda McCandless, [email protected], wk 607-254-5137; cell 607-227-5920 Cornell Releases Three New Wine Grapes By Joe Ogrodnick ROCHESTER, NY: Cornell University officially named and released three new wine grapes during the 31st annual American Society for Enology and Viticulture/Eastern Section Conference and Symposium, held July 9-11 in Rochester, N.Y. The three new grapes-'Noiret'™, 'Corot noir'™ and 'Valvin Muscat'™-were developed and tested by Bruce Reisch, grape breeder and professor of horticultural sciences at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, N.Y., in cooperation with Thomas Henick-Kling, professor of enology at the Experiment Station and leader of Cornell's enology program. "All three grapes are broadly adapted to the wine growing regions in the East, and produce high quality varietal wines that are superior to those currently available to Eastern growers today," said Reisch. 'Corot noir'™, a mid- to late-season red wine 'Noiret'™ (pronounced "nwahr-ay"), a mid-season red wine grape, is a complex grape, is a complex interspecific hybrid resulting interspecific hybrid resulting from a cross made in 1973 between NY65.0467.08 and from a cross made in 1970 between Seyve Villard 'Steuben'. 18-307 and 'Steuben'. "'Noiret'™ represents a distinct improvement in the red wine varietal options available Credit: Bruce Reisch - NYSAES, Cornell University to cold-climate grape growers," said Reisch. -
Powdery Mildew of Grapes
report on RPD No. 773 PLANT December 2019 DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCES DISEASE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN POWDERY MILDEW OF GRAPE Powdery mildew is caused by the fungus Uncinula necator. This fungus was reported in North America in 1834. Powdery mildew occurs in most grape growing areas of the world. If not managed effectively on susceptible cultivars, the disease can reduce vine growth, yield, quality, and winter hardiness. Cultivars of Vitis vinifera and its hybrids (French hybrids) are generally much more susceptible to powdery mildew than are native American cultivars such a Concord. Symptoms Uncinula necator can infect all green tissues of the grapevines. The fungus penetrate only epidermal cells, sending haustoria into them to absorb nutrients. Although haustoria are found only in epidermal cells, neighboring noninvaded cells may become necrotic. The presence of mycelia with conidiophores and conidia on the surface of the host tissue gives it a whitish gray, dusty or powdery appearance. Both surfaces of leaves of any age are susceptible to infection (Figure 1). _____________________________________________________________________________ For further information concerning diseases of small fruits, contact Dr. Mohammad Babadoost, Extension Specialist in Fruit and Vegetable Pathology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. University of Illinois Extension provides equal opportunities in programs and employment. - 2 - Young expanding leaves that are infected become distorted and stunted (Figure 2). Petioles and cluster stems are susceptible to infection throughout the growing season. Once infected, they become brittle and may break as the season progresses. When green shoots are infected, the affected tissues appear dark brown to black in feathery patches (Figure 3), which later appear reddish brown on the dormant canes. -
Open Master Thesis Hungli Wang 071720.Pdf
Choose an item. The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School CHARACTERIZATION OF MICROBIAL DYNAMICS AND VOLATILE METABOLOME CHANGES DURING FERMENTATION OF CHAMBOURCIN GRAPES IN TWO PENNSYLVANIA REGIONS A Thesis in Food Science by Hung Li Wang © 2020 Hung Li Wang Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science August 2020 The thesis of THEHung LiPURDUE Wang was UNIVERSITY reviewed and approved GRADUATE by the following: SCHOOL Josephine Wee STATEMENT OF COMMITTEE APPROVAL Assistant Professor of Food Science Thesis Advisor Helene Hopfer Assistant Professor of Food Science Darrell W. Cockburn Assistant Professor of Food Science Robert F. Roberts Professor of Food Science Head of the Department of Food Science Approved by: Dr. ii ABSTRACT Numerous studies have indicated that the wine microbiome could generate various volatile compounds which could lead to distinguishing and different wine characteristics. However, little research regarding the wine microbiome is investigating specific microorganisms and their role within the entire microbial community under a more comprehensive sampling method. Thus, in this study we conducted direct sampling from Central and Northeast PA wineries instead of using lab-scale production to study the effect of the wine microbiome on the wine metabolome. Resulting grape and wine samples were characterized by next-generation sequencing and headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Collectively, the innovative sampling and experimental techniques provided a high-resolution picture of microbial dynamics and the resulting wine volatile profiles. Overall, we illustrated how microbial diversity and relative abundance of specific microorganisms change as fermentation progressed. Also, various wine volatile metabolites that are formed during the different fermentation stages were identified. -
Cold Hardy Grapes
Northern NY Agricultural Development Program 2009 Project Report Project Title: Cold Hardy Hybrid Wine Grapes: Cropping, Vigor Management, Wines. Project Leader: Kevin Iungerman, CCE Northeast NY Commercial Fruit Program. Collaborators. Dr. Justine Vanden Heuvel, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Grape Program. Dr.Wayne Wilcox, Cornell Department of Plant Pathology. Dr. Tim Martinson, Cornell Statewide Viticulture Extension Program. Dr. Anna Katherine Mansfield and Chris Gerling, Department of Food Science, Enology. Mike Davis, farm manager, Cornell Baker Farm, Willsboro. Steven Lerch, Cornell Grape Program, Geneva. Extension Associations and Fruit Growers of CCE’s NENY Commercial Fruit Program. Lake Champlain Grape Growers Association and Willsboro and NENYF volunteers. Cooperating Producers: County Producer Farm/Vineyard City/Town State Albany Mike DiCrescenzo Altamont Vineyard Altamont NY Clinton Phil Favreau Stone House Vineyard Mooers NY Clinton Mary and Gilles Fortin Amazing Grace Vnyrd. Chazy NY Clinton Erwin Kalmar (New 2009. Unnamed) Champlain Que. Clinton Richard Lamoy Hid-in-Pines Vineyard Morrisonville NY Clinton Rob McDowell Purple Gate Vineyard Plattsburgh NY Clinton N. Peck, C. Read North Star Vineyard Mooers NY Clinton Dan Vesco Vesco Ridge Vnyrd. Essex W. & K. Reinhardt Blue Stone Vineyards Willsboro NY Essex Peter Rowley Edgewater Farm Willsboro NY Essex Todd Trzaskos Vermont Logic (Essex Land) VT Saratoga Mike Spiak Kayaderosseras Vnyrd. Greenfield Cen. NY Washington Gerry Barnhart Victoryview Vineyard Schatigcoke NY Washington Ken Denberg Natural Selection Farm Cambridge NY Washington S. Knapp, D. Wilson Slyboro Ciderhouse Granville NY Orange Ed Lincoln Maple Gate Farm Randolph VT Background: The 300-vine Willsboro Wine Grape Trial was planted in 2005 to comparatively evaluate 25-hybrid cold-hardy-wine-grape-cultivars. -
Structure in Wine Steiia Thiast
Structure in Wine steiia thiAst What is Structure? • So what is this thing, structure? It*s the sense you have that the wine has a well-established form,I think ofit as the architecture ofthe wine. A wine with a great structure will often remind me ofthe outlines of a cathedral, or the veins in a leaf...it supports, and balances the fiuit characteristics ofthe wine. The French often describe structure as the skeleton ofthe wine, as opposed to its flavor which they describe as the flesh. • Where does structure come firom? In white wines, it usually comes from alcohol or acidity; in red wines, it comes from a combination of acidity and tannin, a component in the grapes' skins and seeds. Thus, wines with a lot of tannin (like cabernet) also have a lot of structure. Beaujolais is made from gamay which does not have much tannin. As a result, Beaujolais can lack structure; it feels soft, flat or simple in the mouth (though its flavors can certainly still be attractive). • While structure is hard to articulate, you can easily taste or sense it —^and the lack of it. • Understanding structure is critical to understanding any ofthe ''powerful" red varieties: cabernet sauvignon, merlot, syrah, nebbiolo, tempranillo, and malbec, to name a few. I just don't think you can understand these wines unless you understand structure, and how it frames and focuses the powerful rush of fruit. It adds freshness, and a "lightness" to the density ofripe fiuit. Structure matters when pairing wine and food. Foods with a lot of structure themselves— like a meaty, thick steak-need wines with commensurate structure (like cabernet), or the food experience can dwarfthe wine experience. -
2008 Maréchal Foch Signature
2008 MARÉCHAL FOCH SIGNATURE Tasting Notes: We just love making this French-American hybrid grape into wine. Calling this a “Signature” vintage is our way of telling you that it is one of our very finest. This estate wine bursting with flavors of black current, plum & spice, ends with a complex lingering finish. It’s great with roasts in the winter and rich pasta dishes in the summer. Sue recommends pairing it with Sausage and Zucchini Lasagna from allrecipes.com. Winemaking: Maréchal Foch (MAHR-shahl FOHSH) or just Foch, is one of two hybrid grapes we have planted at the estate, Dunn Forest Vineyard. The fruit was gently de- stemmed by a Euro Select into 1.5-ton fermenters leaving a very high whole berry content. A three to four day cold soak proceeded inoculation done with a variety of yeasts designed to increase complexity and mouth-feel. Fermentations were punched down twice a day for ten days with temperatures peaking around 90°F. The wine was racked via gravity directly to barrel. The skins were shoveled into the press and allowed to drain before pressing creating both free run barrels and pressed wine barrels. After 9 months in American oak barrels the wines were racked to tank for blending and bottled in September 2009. Harvest Notes: 2008 started out a little scary with snow in April but ended with a beautiful Indian summer producing well-balanced wines. A cold dry spring seemed to have little effect on bloom, it occurred mid-June and we had beautiful fruit set. Timely August and September rains along with a warm October made for an excellent ripening season. -
Catawba Island, the Great Peach Growing Center of Ohio from Sketches and Stories of the Lake Erie Islands, by Lydia J
Catawba Island, the Great Peach Growing Center of Ohio From Sketches and Stories of the Lake Erie Islands, by Lydia J. Ryall, American Publishers, Norwalk, OH, 1913 This reprint Copyright © 2003 by Middle Bass on the Web, Inc. "Why, and wherefore an island?" This question is usually the first formulated and put by the curiosity seeking stranger who approaches Catawba Island by stagecoach from Port Clinton - which, by the way, is the most available, and at certain seasons the only feasible, route thither. A trip to an island by stagecoach, instead of in a boat! The idea appears anomalous as it is novel: something similar to going to sea by rail, and, to discover how the thing is done, grows into a matter of keen interest as the observer progresses. His geography informs him that an island is “a body of land entirely surrounded with water”; and looking ahead - as the driver whips up his team - he vaguely wonders where, and how far along, the water lies, and how they are to get across it. Imagine, then, his complete surprise when, after a jaunt of several miles, the driver informs him that the mainland is already far behind, and that they are now on Catawba Island. Had the stranger turned back a few miles over the route, to a place where the two main thoroughfares, the “sand road,” and “lakeside” road, form a cross, or fork, he might have been shown a narrow ditch with an unpretentious bridge thrown across it. This ditch, terminating at the lake, is all that now serves to make Catawba an island. -
Microbial and Chemical Analysis of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts from Chambourcin Hybrid Grapes for Potential Use in Winemaking
fermentation Article Microbial and Chemical Analysis of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts from Chambourcin Hybrid Grapes for Potential Use in Winemaking Chun Tang Feng, Xue Du and Josephine Wee * Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, State College, PA 16803, USA; [email protected] (C.T.F.); [email protected] (X.D.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-814-863-2956 Abstract: Native microorganisms present on grapes can influence final wine quality. Chambourcin is the most abundant hybrid grape grown in Pennsylvania and is more resistant to cold temperatures and fungal diseases compared to Vitis vinifera. Here, non-Saccharomyces yeasts were isolated from spontaneously fermenting Chambourcin must from three regional vineyards. Using cultured-based methods and ITS sequencing, Hanseniaspora and Pichia spp. were the most dominant genus out of 29 fungal species identified. Five strains of Hanseniaspora uvarum, H. opuntiae, Pichia kluyveri, P. kudriavzevii, and Aureobasidium pullulans were characterized for the ability to tolerate sulfite and ethanol. Hanseniaspora opuntiae PSWCC64 and P. kudriavzevii PSWCC102 can tolerate 8–10% ethanol and were able to utilize 60–80% sugars during fermentation. Laboratory scale fermentations of candidate strain into sterile Chambourcin juice allowed for analyzing compounds associated with wine flavor. Nine nonvolatile compounds were conserved in inoculated fermentations. In contrast, Hanseniaspora strains PSWCC64 and PSWCC70 were positively correlated with 2-heptanol and ionone associated to fruity and floral odor and P. kudriazevii PSWCC102 was positively correlated with a Citation: Feng, C.T.; Du, X.; Wee, J. Microbial and Chemical Analysis of group of esters and acetals associated to fruity and herbaceous aroma. -
So You Want to Grow Grapes in Tennessee
Agricultural Extension Service The University of Tennessee PB 1689 So You Want to Grow Grapes in Tennessee 1 conditions. American grapes are So You Want to Grow versatile. They may be used for fresh consumption (table grapes) or processed into wine, juice, jellies or Grapes in Tennessee some baked products. Seedless David W. Lockwood, Professor grapes are used mostly for fresh Plant Sciences and Landscape Systems consumption, with very little demand for them in wines. Yields of seedless varieties do not match ennessee has a long history of grape production. Most recently, those of seeded varieties. They are T passage of the Farm Winery Act in 1978 stimuated an upsurge of also more susceptible to certain interest in grape production. If you are considering growing grapes, the diseases than the seeded American following information may be useful to you. varieties. French-American hybrids are crosses between American bunch 1. Have you ever grown winery, the time you spend visiting and V. vinifera grapes. Their grapes before? others will be a good investment. primary use is for wine. uccessful grape production Vitis vinifera varieties are used S requires a substantial commit- 3. What to grow for wine. Winter injury and disease ment of time and money. It is a American problems seriously curtail their marriage of science and art, with a - seeded growth in Tennessee. good bit of labor thrown in. While - seedless Muscadines are used for fresh our knowledge of how to grow a French-American hybrid consumption, wine, juice and jelly. crop of grapes continues to expand, Vitis vinifera Vines and fruits are not very we always need to remember that muscadine susceptible to most insects and some crucial factors over which we Of the five main types of grapes diseases. -
Grapevine Survey for Viruses of Potential Economic Importance in Norton, Chardonel, and Vignoles
Grapevine Survey for viruses of potential economic importance in Norton, Chardonel, and Vignoles James E. Schoelz Dean Volenberg Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO The 2017 virus survey: Missouri vineyards tested for the presence of 26 different viruses 25 hybrid grape cultivars tested 400 samples collected in July through a prearranged pattern to avoid bias towards selection of virus-infected plants Each sample was a composite of 4 vines (for a total of 1600 vines sampled) Each sample tested for 26 different viruses Table 2. Virus incidence in each cultivar Muscat Survey Average Survey Valvin Cabernet franc Cabernet Traminette Cloeta Vidal blanc Vignoles Chardonel Norton Vivant Vincent Catawba Rayon Saperavi Noiret Viognier Foch Crimson Cabernet Concord Cayuga Chambourcin Muench Lenior Wetumka Albania Virus Hidalgo GRSPaV3 58.71 100 100 46.7 0 100 100 0 15.0 80.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36.4 0 0 100 100 100 0 100 100 GLRaV-3 52.7 91.1 88.5 33.3 85.0 3.3 10.0 0 10.0 0 100 40.0 100 40.0 100 100 0 0 100 50.0 50.0 0 0 0 0 100 GRBV 35.0 24.4 4.3 75.5 77.5 26.7 40.0 90.0 0 0 20.0 100 20.0 80.0 0 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 60.0 20.0 100 GVE 31.0 26.7 85.7 8.9 30.0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 100 40.0 100 100 0 0 80.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GLRaV-2 19.0 91.1 54.2 6.7 0 26.7 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20.0 0 0 0 0 0 GVB 17.2 0 65.7 0 22.5 0 0 0 0 0 10.0 60.0 40.0 0 20.0 100 0 0 80.0 0 10.0 0 0 0 0 0 GVkV 13.5 28.9 38.5 0 15.0 3.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40.0 0 0 0 0 40.0 GLRaV- 9.2 0 1.4 0 72.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60.0 0 0 0 0 0 2RG GVCV 8.2 33.3 1.4 24.4 0 0 20.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.0 0 0 0 10.0 10.0 0 GVA 0.5 0 0 0 2.5 3.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 GLRaV-5 0.2 0 0 2.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sample #2 400 45 70 45 40 30 20 10 20 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 5 11 5 10 10 4 5 10 10 5 1This value is the percentage of the composite samples positive for the selected virus. -
Starting a Vineyard in Texas • a GUIDE for PROSPECTIVE GROWERS •
Starting a Vineyard in Texas • A GUIDE FOR PROSPECTIVE GROWERS • Authors Michael C ook Viticulture Program Specialist, North Texas Brianna Crowley Viticulture Program Specialist, Hill Country Danny H illin Viticulture Program Specialist, High Plains and West Texas Fran Pontasch Viticulture Program Specialist, Gulf C oast Pierre Helwi Assistant Professor and Extension Viticulture Specialist Jim Kamas Associate Professor and Extension Viticulture Specialist Justin S cheiner Assistant Professor and Extension Viticulture Specialist The Texas A&M University System Who is the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service? We are here to help! The Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service delivers research-based educational programs and solutions for all Texans. We are a unique education agency with a statewide network of professional educators, trained volunteers, and county offices. The AgriLife Viticulture and Enology Program supports the Texas grape and wine industry through technical assistance, educational programming, and applied research. Viticulture specialists are located in each region of the state. Regional Viticulture Specialists High Plains and West Texas North Texas Texas A&M AgriLife Research Denton County Extension Office and Extension Center 401 W. Hickory Street 1102 E. Drew Street Denton, TX 76201 Lubbock, TX 79403 Phone: 940.349.2896 Phone: 806.746.6101 Hill Country Texas A&M Viticulture and Fruit Lab 259 Business Court Gulf Coast Fredericksburg, TX 78624 Texas A&M Department of Phone: 830.990.4046 Horticultural Sciences 495 Horticulture Street College Station, TX 77843 Phone: 979.845.8565 1 The Texas Wine Industry Where We Have Been Grapes were first domesticated around 6 to 8,000 years ago in the Transcaucasia zone between the Black Sea and Iran.