OFFICE OF EVALUATION
Resilience programme evaluation series
Evaluation of FAO’s resilience
sub-programme in Somalia (2013-2014)
ANNEXES
November 2015
RERSILIENCE PROGRAMME EVALUATION SERIES
Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia (2013-2014)
ANNEXES
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS OFFICE OF EVALUATION
November 2015 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Office of Evaluation (OED)
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Contents
Annex 1: Evaluation terms of reference...... 1
Annex 2: Somalia resilience sub-programme portfolio analysis...... 10
Annex 3: Donors...... 22
Annex 4: FAO resilience programme outcomes and outputs...... 24
Annex 5: Projects by sector...... 26
iii Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
iv Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Annex 1: Evaluation terms of reference
Context
1 Somalia is in a situation of protracted and complex crisis characterized by high vulnerability to malnutrition and food insecurity. The drought in 2010-2011 affected all regions of the south, resulting in famine conditions and exposing the limits of Somalis’ strained coping mechanisms. According to Somalia Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit (FSNAU)1, at the end of 2014, the gradual recovery and gains made since the end of the famine in 2012 were being lost as poor rains, conflict, trade disruptions and reduced humanitarian assistance had led to a worsening of the food security situation across Somalia. In early 2015, a large number of people across the country is expected to remain food insecure through June 2015. According to nutrition surveys conducted across Somalia between October and December 2014, an estimated 202,600 children under the age of five were acutely malnourished. In areas in South-Central affected by trade disruption due to conflict, cereal prices have declined from their highs in July 2014 but remain above their five-year averages.
2 New Prime Minister Omar Abdirashidi Ali Shamarke announced his new cabinet list on January 27th, 2015, after the previous proposed list met heavy opposition. Federal legislators later approved the new Council of Ministers on 9 February. Al-Shabaab attacks continue in many parts of the country, as well as blockade of towns in south and central Somalia. The on-going joint military offensive by the Somali National Army and AMISOM (AU mission in Somalia) has forced Al-Shabaab from its strongholds in south-central Somalia toward Kenya in the south and the semi-autonomous region of Puntland in the north. Conflict has recently flared up between Al-Shabaab and Puntland security forces in the Galgala hills region 50 kilometres southwest of the northern port city of Bosaso2.
3 The overall humanitarian operating environment in Somalia continues to be challenging3: over 3,000 violent incidents with humanitarian implications were recorded in 2014, severely restricting the mobility of aid workers especially in the southern regions. Large parts of southern and central Somalia, mainly rural areas and outskirts of the main towns, remain under the control or influence of Al-Shabaab who target aid workers and disrupt humanitarian assistance. Deteriorating humanitarian situation since the beginning of 2014 has resulted to creative modalities by operational partners to access difficult to reach areas and assist people in need. While no sustained road access has been secured, road deliveries are being made to some of the hard to reach areas in Bay, Gedo, Hiraan, Lower and Middle Juba and Galgaduud regions via access corridors in Puntland, Ethiopia and the Kenyan border and through the facilitation of clan elders and other community interlocutors. Beyond security concerns, however, access roads to Jalalaqsi and Burlo Burte are in very poor physical condition. Discussions continue to be undertaken with the authorities on the need to secure the major supply routes.
Resilience
4 Resilience is defined here as the capacity to anticipate, resist and/or recover from stresses or shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability. It includes both the ability to withstand threats and the ability to adapt to new options if necessary. The focus on resilience bridges humanitarian and development programming to better address overlapping risks and stresses.
5 Resilience analysis tries to identify the different responses adopted by a household and capture the “dynamic” components of the adopted strategies. A resilience approach
1 www.fsnau.org 2 Security council security report, February 2015 Monthly Forecast. http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/monthly- forecast/2015-02/somalia_18.php 3 Humanitarian Coordination Forum Key humanitarian issues | February 2015 1 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
investigates not only how disturbances and change might influence the structure of a system (for example, a household or a community), but also how its functionality in meeting these needs might change.
6 The focus on the concept of resilience is relatively recent within the wider development community. In 2005, 168 Governments adopted a 10-year plan to make the world safer from natural hazards at the World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Japan. The “Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to disasters”, offers guiding principles, priorities for action and practical means for achieving disaster resilience for vulnerable communities. In the following years, FAO adopted a resilience lens as part of its disaster risk reduction work in emergencies, and later on through the development of resilience concepts based on a livelihood and food security perspective.
7 In 2013, with the adoption of its reviewed Strategic Framework4 and the formulation of its Medium-Term Plan5, FAO officially put resilience building as a top priority, including it as its fifth Strategic Objectives, “Increasing Resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises”. FAO’s Strategic Objective 5 aims at helping countries to prepare for natural and human-caused disasters by reducing their risk and enhancing the resilience of their food and agricultural systems6.
FAO in Somalia
8 FAO has no formal representation in Somalia. In addition to Mogadishu office which has a small number of staff, there are four FAO field offices in Somalia located in Dolow, South Central, Garowe and Bosasso, Puntland, and Hargeisa, Somaliland. A large office exists in Nairobi which remotely manages the implementation of the FAO Somalia programme through the five offices in Somalia.
9 Overall programme delivery in Somalia has seen a steady increase since 2011 with a peak in 2013 reaching 70 million USD, and a slight decline thereafter. The figure below shows that interventions have been primarily emergency focused since 2011: non-emergency operations represented less than 5% of the total delivery in 2014.
Total field programme delivery 2009-2014
10 Since 2012, FAO’s cooperation in its Member Countries is based on a Country Programming Framework (CPF), which defines the medium-term response to the assistance needs of the country in pursuit of national development objectives, within FAO’s Strategic
4 http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/027/mg015e.pdf 5 http://www.fao.org/docrep/meeting/027/mf490e.pdf 6 For more information on FAO’s five strategic objectives: http://www.fao.org/about/en/ 2 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Framework. The CPFs adopt a results-based approach that builds on FAO’s comparative strengths and partnerships in the country as well as at international level, with the aim of increasing the impact and effectiveness of FAO’s support and enhancing resource mobilization opportunities.
11 FAO Somalia’s CPF7 was prepared in 2013 and is a guiding document for FAO’s engagement in Somalia for the period 2014-2017. Priorities have been defined in consultation with the Federal government and the development actors, and are aligned with Somalia programmatic and strategic documents8 as well as with FAO’s strategic framework. As mentioned above, and as shown in the figure below, FAO’s Programme in Somalia contributes mainly to FAO Strategic Objective 5.
12 FAO Somalia CPF aims at improving livelihoods and food and nutrition security in Somalia through the following strategic priority areas (or pillars):
a. Resilience b. Institutional Capacity Development and Policy Support c. Information for Action
13 The Resilience Programme, which is the focus of this evaluation, is therefore the first pillar of the Somalia CPF.
Estimates and delivery by strategic objective (biennium 2014/15)
14 In April 2012, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), World Food Programme (WFP) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) launched the Joint Resilience Strategy (JRS) to refocus their efforts on improving resilience in Somalia.
15 The objectives of this strategy for the three agencies are to better align their programmes and to coordinate interventions to bring about more resilient outcomes for beneficiaries. The strategy represents the accountability framework for UNICEF, WFP and FAO to work under the resilience initiative. The main principle is to ensure that goals and outcomes are jointly agreed upon by the three UN agencies, while outputs and activities are agency- specific.
16 In its initial phase, the implementation of the Joint Resilience Strategy is not done through a joint programme, because each agency has its own way of operating; rather, the participating agencies have aligned their programming within the strategy and pursue
7 Currently awaiting the final endorsement by the Federal Government. 8 In particular the Six Pillar Policy of the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS), the New Deal Compact endorsed by the FGS, and the Economic Recovery Plan 2014-2015. 3 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
enhanced coordination mechanism based on a common information sharing platform, which is currently being finalized. However, for the next phase, the three agencies are developing a joint resilience programme in Somalia with prime focus on nutrition.
17 Through the Joint Resilience Strategy, a joint impact evaluation methodology has been defined, based on the use of the Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis (RIMA) developed by FAO. A baseline survey was conducted in 2013 in Dolow, using a mixed method approach, with qualitative data gathered through community consultations and other participatory methods, integrated into a RIMA based quantitative analysis.
18 The report of the baseline analysis for impact evaluation of the Joint Resilience Strategy for the Dolow district was released in February 2014 and is published on the Joint Resilience Strategy website9. A second round will be conducted in February/March 2015, and will provide insights on the progress made in achieving the results of the JRS in Dolow. Results are expected to be released around May 2015.
19 While the impact of the Joint Resilience Strategy in Dolow will be assessed only after the third round (endline) and against the RIMA, the baseline survey also provides decision makers with actionable information to inform response planning and targeting.
20 As part of the joint planning and impact evaluation, baseline surveys, Community Consultation and Action Planning (CCAP) and seasonal consultations were also conducted in the other pilot zones (Puntland and Somaliland) in June 2014. . Reports are expected to be released in March 2015.
21 In addition to the baseline survey that is carried out for the Joint Somalia Resilience Strategy, FAO has developed its own M&E system, to monitor the outputs and outcomes of its entire resilience programme (which is broader that the JRS). The system combines various methods and tools, such as: regular post distribution assessments (PDAs), Call Centre exercises to ensure compliance with standards set for service, external evaluations under specific projects (OSRO/SOM/108/EC and OSRO/SOM/126/EC), crop yield assessments, and regular field missions conducted by the M&E Unit Field Monitors. Data is collected and stored in different software but the Form Management Tool (FMT) of FAO Somalia stores most of the beneficiary related data.
22 Although impact evaluation is undertaken jointly by the 3 UN agencies, and a common M&E system is being developed for the JRS five districts, each agency remains responsible for the external evaluation of their own programmes, and has its own evaluation mechanism. For example, WFP is currently conducting an evaluation of its Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation in Somalia “Strengthening food and nutrition security and enhancing resilience”, which covers the same period (2012-2014). The final evaluation report will be published in March and will be used as key resource document for this evaluation. The focal point in Nairobi WFP regional bureau is Ms. Miranda Sende.
23 In 2012/2013, FAO’s Office of Evaluation (OED) undertook an Evaluation of FAO’s cooperation in Somalia, covering the period 2007-2012. The evaluation analysed the relevance, effectiveness and impact, efficiency, and connectedness of the FAO Somalia Programme, as well as cross cutting issues and partnerships.
24 The evaluation highlighted results, gaps, constraints and opportunities for FAO’s cooperation in Somalia, and provided 17 recommendations for FAO Somalia and FAO HQ. A summary of the most relevant recommendations to this current evaluation are reported here below:
• Despite operational challenges, FAO Somalia needs to strengthen the culture and practice of community consultation within the programme, from the design stage onwards • Linkages between the livestock and agriculture sectors in FAO Somalia should be strengthened
4 9 www.resilienceinsomalia.org Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
• New programming should be developed in four areas: natural resource management, peri-urban agriculture, nutrition (food-based approaches) and fisheries • FAO Somalia must develop a differentiated and more nuanced approach to partnership, at a minimum differentiating between contractual service provision (e.g. LoA) and genuine partnership (e.g. MoU). • FAO Somalia’s resilience strategy should be extended to 15 years (broken down into 3-year programming cycles), and should address governance issues.A review of FAO Somalia’s skill set should be undertaken in order to assess how these must change for effective implementation of the resilience programme • FAO (HQ) should learn from the programme approach that has been pioneered by FAO Somalia and should promote this at country level over the project approach
25 The above mentioned evaluation included an in-depth study on FAO’s Cash for Work (CFW) programme. The main underlying assumption tested by this study was that by disbursing cash to targeted poor and vulnerable individuals and rehabilitating communal productive assets, households and communities would experience short and long term positive gains. Among the most significant lessons emerging from the research are the need to: better coordinate with other agencies and acknowledge informal community redistribution mechanisms and local concepts of justice in planning; undertake a more careful assessment to understand the implications of choosing to rehabilitate one type of infrastructure over another; ensure the inclusion of those who are fit for work but marginalised; implement programmes over a longer timeframe, and employ more workers; deliver CFW as part of a package of interventions, targeted according to categories and needs.
Description of the Somalia Resilience Programme
26 The total budget of the resilience programme is US$ 102,741,443. Nine projects in the resilience programme are above US$ 4 million with 4 projects above US$ 10 million.
27 The list of donors of the resilience programme is included in Annex 1. The figure below shows an overview of donor contributions to the Somalia resilience programme. Although multilateral contributions represent the largest proportion of donations (US$ 19 million), Norway represents the largest single donor, contributing US$ 15,7 million, in addition to providing US$2 million within the multilateral contribution. The second largest contribution is provided by the UK (US$ 15,2 million), followed by the USA (US$ 14,5 million), the EU (US$ 12,7 million), Denmark (US$ 10,6 million within the multilateral contribution), Germany (US$ 10,4 million) and Switzerland (US$ 8,2 million)10.
Donor Contributions
$20,000,000 $15,000,000 $10,000,000 $5,000,000 $0
Major donors of the FAO Somalia Resilience Programme
10 CHS: Common Humanitarian Fund for Somalia; CPF: Counter Piracy Fund. Multilateral contributions fund two projects (GCP /SOM/050/MUL and OSRO/SOM/301/MUL) of which Norway, Denmark, FAO, and the EU are contributors. 5 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
28 The Resilience Programme is implemented through three different but mutually reinforcing modalities:
• The Integrated Humanitarian/Resilience Approach (IHRA) The IHRA includes assistance to contribute towards minimum food security levels and prevent any major deterioration of livelihoods and respond to any emerging threat to vulnerable livelihoods threatening event across the country. The intention is to address food insecurity and malnutrition in most vulnerable areas of Somalia, an essential ingredient for laying out the necessary foundation for building medium to longer-term resilience.
• The Full Resilience Package (FRP) The Full Resilience Package is an integrated package of support with the following characteristics: i) a multi-layered package including interventions from FAO, UNICEF and WFP; ii) a minimum engagement period of 2-3 years; iii) Community Action Planning (CAP) to ensure equitable and inclusive participation, ownership, inform targeting and identify priority requirements. Prior to implementation, gender and conflict sensitive community consultations are conducted to understand local patterns of resilience (history of shocks, local vulnerabilities, local capacities and solutions). In addition to qualitative analysis from the various local consultation processes in the form of Community Consultation and Action Planning (CCAPs) and the Seasonal Programming Exercise and Calendar which support the planning of activities per livelihood group and per season. FAO, WFP and UNICEF have already initiated implementation of the FRP in five districts for the period 2013-2015 namely Dollow, Burao, Odeweyne, Iskushuban and Bosasso (peri- urban areas).
• Other Development- Oriented Activities FAO has a broad portfolio of projects that directly contribute to the outputs and outcomes of the Resilience Sub-Programme through development activities. These projects – featuring activities such as fishing fleet renewal, construction of slaughterhouses, equipping of veterinary laboratories and improvement of local seed production – are considered integral components of the Resilience Sub-Programme.
29 The expected result of FAO Somalia’s Resilience Programme is that “at risk households anticipate, resist, absorb and recover quickly from pressures and shocks”. It will be accomplished through the following outcomes11:
• Outcome 1: Targeted households and communities have diversified their livelihood strategies (FRP) or benefitted from temporary employment (IHRA). • Outcome 2: Targeted households and communities have increased their food production and consumption in a sustainable manner (FRP), or are able to restore/maintain their productive capacity when faced with chronic pressure or shocks (IHRA). • Outcome 3: Targeted households and producer organizations are able to sell their produce and obtain better prices. • Outcome 4: Targeted households and communities have access to knowledge and support services for productive activities and consumption (FRP).
30 The FAO resilience programme (and more generally FAO’s programme in Somalia) is a new management approach in FAO, as it demonstrates a shifting from the traditional multi- project donor driven response to a multi-layered demand driven programme approach structured along thematic pillars. This approach was developed in Somalia to facilitate donor coordination and reduce overlapping and duplication of initiatives.
Purpose
31 The decision to undertake an independent evaluation of the FAO Resilience Programme in Somalia was based on:
11 See full results matrix in Annex 2 6 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
a. the commitment of FAO Somalia to measure the results of its Resilience Programme and make adjustments to the programme based on evidence b. a specific request to the FAO Somalia office from the major donors of the FAO resilience programme in Somalia (in particular Germany, Switzerland and Denmark) to have a mid- term review of their projects c. the size of the FAO resilience programme portfolio d. the introduction of innovative elements in the design and management of the FAO Somalia programme, which presents an opportunity to learn and improve the management of our programmes
32 As such, this evaluation will serve both as accountability to donors, and as learning exercise for the organization and its partners, and point the way forward for the resilience programme.
33 The Joint Resilience Strategy represents an innovative way of working together with sister agencies, involving joint needs assessment, work planning at community level and impact assessment. It is expected that the combined action of the three agencies will bring higher results than isolated efforts. This evaluation will therefore also offer a learning opportunity on the UN partnerships, and on the value added of a joint strategy, and how/to what extent the joint action contributes to higher results.
34 The main donors of the resilience programme need to see evidence of the results of their contribution to the FAO programme in order to ensure an optimized allocation of their resources. Although FAO Somalia has adopted a programmatic approach, and is not systematically reporting on single projects, FAO remains accountable to its donors and should ensure that results are assessed through an independent mechanism. Moreover, as part of FAO’s evaluation policy, all initiatives funded by voluntary contributions, with a budget over USD 4 million, require a full-fledge separate evaluation.
35 This evaluation will offer a learning opportunity to find out about what is working, what isn’t, and what needs to be improved. It will analyze aspects related to relevance, effectiveness and efficiency and will serve as a learning function for FAO and its partners, as it will seek to draw lessons and make recommendations that will be relevant and useful for the FAO’s resilience programme way forward.
36 The existence of many innovative elements introduced in this programme is another reason why this evaluation is being conducted, as it presents an opportunity to provide lessons learned for programme development and replication in other contexts, when relevant.
37 Based on the findings, the evaluation will provide recommendations for maximizing the strategic relevance of FAO’s Resilience Programme in Somalia over the next years, and towards improving its implementation modalities and effectiveness and the upscaling of the FRP programme.
38 Wherever possible, lessons learned and good practices will be identified and learning shared within the organization - including other decentralized offices – and with implementing partners – including at national level- through the dissemination of the evaluation findings.
Scope
39 This evaluation focuses on the pillar 1 of the Somalia CPF (or the Resilience Programme), which is implemented through various donor contributions (earmarked and non- earmarked). It is therefore neither a project evaluation nor a country evaluation (which would cover all 3 pillars of the CPF), but rather a programme evaluation.
40 The Evaluation of the FAO Somalia Resilience Programme will aim to assess FAO’s performance in resilience building in Somalia over the past two years (2013-2014). It will assess the extent to which the programme has contributed to building the resilience of 7 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Somali people in this relatively short period of time, taking into consideration the protracted crisis nature of the context, and identify success factors and challenges.
41 The evaluation will consider the FAO Resilience Programme on its entirety, in line with the programmatic approach adopted by the country office. However, to the extent possible, information will be provided on specific results that can be attributed to specific donor(s) contribution(s). For each donor, where relevant, these specific findings will be gathered in separate Annexes of the main evaluation report.
42 It will provide in-depth external analysis of the various achievements of the resilience programme, as well as of the bottlenecks and challenges, and an analysis of the changing context in which the program is being implemented. It will generate recommendations for adaptation of the activities and implementation modalities for enhanced performance of the programme.
43 The evaluation will also focus on the analysis of the coordination mechanisms in place, both in the context of FAO’s resilience programme and within the Joint Resilience Strategy.
44 Following the same logic, this evaluation will look at the interaction between FAO’s programmes in the field of resilience and other major actors in the region, active in the same domain and on how activities among these actors are coordinated at field level. This will therefore advise FAO and its partners on questions related to inter-organization synergies, replication and overlapping.
Evaluation questions
The evaluation will address the following questions:
1 To what extent has the resilience programme made progress in strengthening resilience of the participants and their communities, considering the short-time frame since the beginning of the programme (2 years)? • To what extent have the outputs and outcomes of the programme been achieved so far, considering the timeframe within which results were expected to be achieved? • What are the key successes to date, and what are the challenges? Is the programme likely to achieve its development and immediate objectives? • How appropriate are the IHRA and FRP in addressing the respective resilience building needs of communities under respective emergency and development situations? • How has the context changed compared to the planning period? What are the implications for the programme implementation?
2 What is the added value of the programmatic approach adopted by FAO Somalia, in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, sustainability and results of the programme? • What has changed in the way FAO is implementing this programme, since the adoption of the programmatic approach? What are the innovations, lessons learnt, and new approaches to building resilience implemented by FAO Somalia? • How is the programmatic approach used by FAO Somalia improving the efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of FAO’s activities? • Could the approach be replicated in other contexts, and under what conditions (i.e. existence of functional government; smaller/more development oriented portfolio etc.)? • Has this approach facilitated donor coordination and reduced overlapping and duplication of initiatives? Has the multi-year funding approach helped FAO better manage resources over time and deliver more efficiently? • Does FAO avail of the right corporate instruments (programmatic, financial, HR, managerial, M&E, management information systems, reporting etc.) and culture to implement programmes instead of separate projects, and if not, what needs to be improved or developed? Is the skill set available at FAO Somalia appropriate, to deliver the resilience programme?
8 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
3 What are the potentials and opportunities of the partnerships developed with implementing and development partners? • Is FAO Somalia effectively positioned and partnered to achieve maximum results? How successful has the Resilience Programme been in delivering the Joint Resilience Strategy? What are the lessons learned for future WFP-FAO-UNICEF collaboration in the resilience domain? • To what extent is FAO partnering with other implementing partners (UN agencies and others), what can be done to improve ownership by national partners? What are the challenges faced partners in planning, implementation, monitoring and sustaining results, and how can they be overcome? • What are the challenges and opportunities for the coordination partners? Are the coordination mechanisms (at Nairobi and field level) efficient? • What are the gaps, overlaps, challenges, in the resilience programme, and within the Joint Resilience Strategy? How useful is the common information sharing platform? • Does the combination of the three agencies working together add up to a better, more efficient, cost effective, durable response? Is this kind of partnership sustainable? • Under which conditions should or could FAO work directly at community level, versus through implementing partners, considering the specificities of the Somalia context, and the security and access constraints? What are the opportunities, added value and gaps of FAO’s implementation modalities?
4 Is the programme design adequately addressing the various elements that may affect resilience of the communities in Somalia? • How cross-cutting issues such as conflicts, power dynamics, clan relationships, inclusion of disadvantaged and discriminated groups, governance and gender equality are being addressed by the resilience programme? • How is conflict sensitive programming and implementation assured throughout the resilience program? Are the different livelihoods present in Somalia (pastoral, agro- pastoral, riverine and rainfed agricultural) and the relations between livelihoods groups being addressed by the Resilience Programme, and how? • Have all programmatic options been considered, from the menu of possible resilience activities in the Somalia context? • What are the lessons learnt from the application of the evaluation model mixed method approach (RIMA, Community Consultation and Action Planning, and Seasonal Consultations) and the M&E system in providing baseline and monitoring data? How has the baseline data been used to improve programming? Have conditions been in place and the team been able to use it the way it is meant, especially in linking its findings to programming? How helpful is the mixed method approach for measuring results? • Has the resilience programme included initiatives to tackle the issue of sustainable natural resource use and management? And in doing so, has it considered the socio- political implications of natural resources management in Somalia? • Is the resilience programme building capacities of the communities, and of the implementing partners?
9 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Annex 2: Somalia resilience sub-programme portfolio analysis (Somalia 2013-2014 - based on data downloaded on February 2, 2015)
A. Overview of field programme delivery in Somalia
The figure below reports FAO’s field programme delivery in Somalia since 2009, although for the relevance of this portfolio analysis we will look at activities reported in the biennium 2013-2014. The figure is based on the classification of projects as emergency or non-emergency provided by FAO Somalia staff.
Total field programme delivery in Somalia 2009-2014
Source: FPMIS Field Programme Delivery (US$ Millions)
Overall programme delivery in Somalia has seen a steady increase from 2011 with a peak in 2013 reaching 70 million USD. Furthermore, the figures show that interventions have primarily been emergency focused represented in the years 2010, 2011, and 2012 as equivalent to total delivery. There is a rise in technical (non-emergency) delivery from the end of 2012, with the highest levels of delivery in 2014.
The Somalia project portfolio 2013-2014 consists of a total of 44 projects (of which 39 are country projects, 1 regional project, and 2 global projects). All projects are operationally active, 4 of which are classified as activities completed and 3 of which are in active pipelines. The total delivery of project for the biennium 2013/2014 amounted to $142,904,580.
Total emergency – technical cooperation (non-emergency) delivery in Somalia 2013-2015 Recipient Type of Delivery (US$ million) assistance 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (Feb.)
Somalia, Technical 10,089,338 2,443,794 37,027 1,769,082 2,103,516 1,141,638 Federal cooperation Republic of
Emergency 23,854,008 63,005,291 63,840,220 68,696,495 70,335,488 9,080,390 assistance
Total 33,943,346 65,449,086 63,877,246 70,465,576 72,439,004 10,222,027
10 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
B. Overview of Somalia resilience programme i) Budget overview A list of the 25 Resilience Programme projects is provided in Table 2. Of the overall Somalia programme budget, totaling $142,904,580, $110,557,300 is dedicated to the Resilience Programme. Strategic Objective 5 (SO5) (increasing the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises) represents over 76% of the FAO Somalia project portfolio12. ii) Geographical coverage Of the 25 projects of the Resilience Programme, 23 are at country level, 1 is a regional collaboration between the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and FAO on drought resilience and another is a global project focused on building capacity for better food security programming in emergency and rehabilitation contexts through better seed system assessment, better integration of nutrition and food security and improved accountability to affected populations13.
Projects included in the resilience programme Project symbol Project title Region
OSRO/GLO/303/EC Building capacity for better food security Not specified programming in emergency and rehabilitation contexts through better seed system assessment, better integration of nutrition and food security and improved accountability to affected populations
OSRO/RAF/406/SWI IGAD - FAO PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM ON DROUGHT Not specified RESILIENCE - Inception Phase
OSRO/SOM/413/CHA Livelihood Support to Drought Affected Riverine, Southern Somalia - Hiran, Agro-pastoral and Pastoral communities in southern Middle Shabelle and Somalia Gedo region
OSRO/SOM/999/USA Improving the Genetic Quality of Seeds in Somalia Somaliland and South (SOMASEED) Central Somalia
OSRO/SOM/414/CHS Livelihood Support to Drought Affected Pastoral South Central Somalia and Agro-pastoral communities in south and central Somalia
OSRO/SOM/501/CHS Livelihood Support to Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Southesast and Northern communities in Northeast and South Somalia. Somalia regions (Bari, Nugal, South Mudug, Sanaag, Sool, Gedo
12 Strategic objective 5 (“Increasing the resilience of livelihoods to threats and crises”), is represented in 25 of 44 projects. 13 Project symbol - OSRO/RAF/406/SWI and OSRO/GLO/303/EC 11 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Project symbol Project title Region
OSRO/SOM/502/CHS Livelihood Support to Pastoral and Agro-pastoral South Central Somalia communities in selected districts in South Central (Bakool, Lower Juba, Somalia Middle Shabelle, Lower Shabelle, and Hiran)
OSRO/SOM/412/USA Implementation of CFW activities in Somaliland, Southern regions of Puntland and South Central regions of Somalia Somalia: Bay, Bakool, Hiran, Middle Shabelle, Lower Shabelle, Middle Juba and Lower Juba
OSRO/SOM/310/NOR Fisheries Sector Support Programme in Somalia Somalia 4 ports (Berbera, Bosaso, Mogadishu and Kismayo)
GCP /SOM/054/EC Rebuilding Confidence on Land issues in Somalia
OSRO/SOM/417/CPF Somaliland Fishermen and Fleet Registration Somaliland
Contributions to resilience programme
OSRO/SOM/402/JPN FAO Resilience Programme -Humanitarian Somalia (not specified) Assistance for African Countries
OSRO/SOM/404/CAN FAO Resilience Programme
OSRO/SOM/306/USA FAO Resilience Programme
OSRO/SOM/405/EC FAO Resilience Programme
OSRO/SOM/415/NOR FAO Resilience Programme
OSRO/SOM/301/MUL FAO Resilience Programme
OSRO/SOM/307/SWI FAO Resilience Programme
OSRO/SOM/309/UK FAO Resilience Programme
OSRO/SOM/410/CHS Resilience Programme - Integrated Humanitarian Resilience Approach (IHRA)
OSRO/SOM/416/SWE FAO Resilience Programme -Contribution to the Emergency Response Plan 2014-2015
OSRO/SOM/503/SAF FAO Resilience Programme -Contribution to the Emergency Response Plan 2014-2015
OSRO/SOM/128/GER FAO Resilience Programme Gedo region of Southern Somalia (districts Dollow and Luuq).
TCP/SOM/3401 South Central Somalia Capacity Building Fisheries South Central Somalia Project.
SO5 Projects - non-resilience programme
GCP /SOM/050/MUL Somali Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Phase V
OSRO/SOM/407/CHS Somalia Water and land information Management Ceel Waaq district (SWALIM), Phase V (CHF WASH Programmes project)
OSRO/SOM/408/CHS Somalia Water and Land Information Management Juba and Shabelle rivers -SWALIM, Phase V (CHF Enabling Programmes in southern Somalia Project)
OSRO/SOM/311/FIN Food Security & Nutrition Analysis Unit for Somalia country wide (FSNAU) - Phase VII Finland Contribution
OSRO/SOM/419/UK Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit (FSNAU) - country wide Phase VII DFID 2 Contribution
12 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes iii) Operating FAO units Of the 25 SO5 projects, 24 are operated by the FAO Somalia (FAOR SOM) accounting for 98% (US$ $107.5 million) of the Resilience Programme budget. The global project (OSRO/GLO/303/EC) is operated by the Technical Cooperation Department of the Unit of the Emergency Operations and rehabilitation Division (TCE) in FAO’s headquarters. iv) Technical backstopping Technical backstopping of the Somalia projects, throughout project formulation and implementation, is provided by the Lead Technical Unit (LTU). The Agricultural Development Economics Divison (ESA) provides the largest share of technical support (50%), followed by the Land and Water Division (NRL) (14%), the Animal Production and Health Division (AGAH) (10%), and the Fishery Policy and Planning Division (FIPS) (10%).
Agricultural Development 4% Economics Division 12% Animal Production and 8% Health Division 4% 52% Rural Infrastructure and 4% Agro-Industries Division 4% 12% Food and Nutrition Division
Land and Water Division
Share of technical backstopping by Lead technical Unit LTO
Lead technical units operating projects included in the resilience programme (by total FPMIS budget and No. of projects)
Technical Division Acronym Total budget Total delivery Number of Percent of (FPMIS) (US$) (US$) projects support
Agricultural Development ESA 39,465,261 39,256,541 13 52 Economics Division
Animal Production and AGAH 852,744 852,744 3 12 Health Division
Rural Infrastructure and AGS 75,050 75,050 1 4 Agro-Industries Division
Food and Nutrition Division ESN 91,578 91,578 1 4
Land and Water Division NRLDD 3,125,344 7,279,299 1 4
Plant Production & AGPM 481,394 481,394 2 8 Protection Division
Fishery Policy and Planning FIPS 9,668,022 9,668,022 3 12 Division
Subregional Office for SFE 3,193,099 3,193,099 1 4 Eastern Affrica
13 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
v) Intended beneficiaries The table below provides information on the intended beneficiaries by project (when a description is available in the project document).
Intended beneficiaries by project
Project symbol Intended beneficiaries
OSRO/GLO/303/EC Humanitarian stakeholders working in food security and livelihoods
OSRO/RAF/406/SWI The programme will prioritize partnerships with various stakeholders based on their comparative advantages and their contribution to the programme. These partnerships will be broader than those engaged through the community and policy trust funds, to organizations, consortia and networks receiving funding outside the programme but pursuing similar objectives complementary to the programme. These organizations include but not limited to Pastoralists Civil Society Organizations in the region, Pastoralists networks, Farmers Associations - East African Farmers Association, East African Grain Council, IGAD NGOs Forum, Regional Forum of Universities, Research Institutions and academia such as Tufts University, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), Humanitarian Partnership Group (HPG), DLCI to mention just a few.
OSRO/SOM/413/CHA The main stakeholders who will be directly benefit from this project are targeted riverine, agro-pastoral and pastoral communities in Hiran, Middle Shabelle and Gedo regions. Other important stakeholders include local authorities, farmers and livestck associations, local traders association, women and youth group and local organisations. proactive consultation with these groups will help build consensus among all partners.
OSRO/SOM/999/USA The direct beneficiaries of this intervention are not individual farmers but Farmer Organizations, the Ministries of Agriculture in Somalialand and South Central Region. Training of all the stakeholders involved will ensure the sustainability of the intervention in terms of human resources and institutions. The investments in infrastructure, equipment and initial stock of input will be sustainable based on the natural market strength.
OSRO/SOM/414/CHS Pastoralists and Agro pastoralists’ men, women, girls and boys will benefit from the proposed action.
OSRO/SOM/501/CHS Pastoralists and Agro pastoralists’ men, women, girls and boys will benefit from the proposed action. Women dependent households will be given preference and up to 30 percent of livelihood package recipients will be poor and vulnerable women.
OSRO/SOM/502/CHS 39,750 women and men dependent pastoral and agro pastoral vulnerable households in South Central Somalia regions (Bakool, Middle Shabelle, Lower Shabelle, and Hiran.
OSRO/SOM/412/USA People of Somaliland, Puntland and South central (Men, women, boys and girls)
OSRO/SOM/310/NOR (1) Boat builders: Existing and potential boat builders will be substantial beneficiaries of this action, receiving substantial training in a range of new skills, as well as building on their existing strengths and experience. (2) Fishermen’s and Women’s Associations and Community Fisheries Associations: Will be involved in the design and trials of new vessels as well as training provide to fishermen in business planning, catch handling and preservation, engineering and boat handling and fishing gear technology. 3)Universities: Would have an important role, not only in assisting FAO, Ministries and stakeholders to evaluate the results of the on-going work, but also to integrate this with the community conservation projects that these Faculties are expected to become involved in.4) Ministries: The Ministries are the main beneficiary from work undertaken by the Faculties, and is their key ‘customer’.
GCP /SOM/054/EC n/a
OSRO/SOM/417/CPF 1. Fishing communities. 2. Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Development of Somaliland. 3. International community (Antipiracy forces).
14 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Project symbol Intended beneficiaries
OSRO/SOM/402/JPN At-risk vulnerable HHs and communities of Somalia which include small-scale farmers, fishers, herders, foresters and the urban poor – particularly women – whose lives and livelihoods are threatened. Other important stakeholders include national and local authorities, small business holders, farmer and livestock associations, local trader associations, self-help groups and local organizations. Women and youth also represent important stakeholders and especially in the re-consolidation of community-based structures and the strengthening of local economic development.
OSRO/SOM/404/CAN n/a
OSRO/SOM/306/USA n/a
OSRO/SOM/405/EC n/a
OSRO/SOM/415/NOR n/a
OSRO/SOM/301/MUL n/a
OSRO/SOM/307/SWI n/a
OSRO/SOM/309/UK n/a
OSRO/SOM/410/CHS n/a
OSRO/SOM/416/SWE n/a
OSRO/SOM/503/SAF n/a
OSRO/SOM/128/GER Rural and peri-urban households encompassing agro-pastoralists
TCP/SOM/3401 The direct beneficiaries of the project will be officials from the MNR of the Federal Somali Government and the different recognised Regional Administrations within Somalia. Indirect beneficiaries would be investors in the fishing sector, coastal communities, including fishers and processors/traders (180.000 indirect beneficiaries all along Somalia) plus regional fisheries management institutions and decision-makers and international institutions planning interventions.
GCP /SOM/050/MUL The principal beneficiaries of the FSNAU information are the Nairobi-based international community represented through the IASC cluster mechanism, notably donors, UN agencies, international and Somali NGOs.
OSRO/SOM/407/CHS The primary beneficiaries of the project are women and men from Ceel Waaq district and aid organizations that are working in the water sector in Somalia. The long-term primary beneficiaries of the project are the provisional and emerging Somali government institutions in the project area, and the ultimate beneficiaries are the people of Somalia. There are however many other stakeholders who will benefit from the data and information provided by the project. These include Somali Government institutions; UN organizations; international and local NGOs; universities and other academic and knowledge institutions; donors (bilateral and multilateral); development banks (World Bank, African Development Bank, etc); community based organisations; media; and private sector (water supply public private partnerships - PPPs, consultants/contractors).
OSRO/SOM/408/CHS The primary beneficiaries and women and men who live in the floodplains of the Juba and Shabelle rivers in southern Somalia. Other primary beneficiaries are aid organizations that respond to floods and livelihoods in the project areas. The long-term beneficiaries are the provisional and emerging Somali government institutions, and the ultimate beneficiaries are the people of Somalia. There are however many other stakeholders who will benefit from the data and information services provided by the action. These include Somali Government institutions; UN organizations; international and local NGOs; universities and other academic and knowledge institutions; donors (bilateral and multilateral); development banks (World Bank, African Development Bank, etc); community based organisations; media; and private sector (water supply public private partnerships - PPPs, consultants/contractors).
15 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Project symbol Intended beneficiaries
OSRO/SOM/311/FIN The principal beneficiaries of FSNAU information have been the members of the Nairobi-based international community, also represented through the „clusters” of the Inter Agency Standing Committee (IASC), donors, UN agencies, international and Somali Non-Government Organisations (NGOs). This group has increasingly used FSNAU analysis and information, as the quality and timeliness of FSNAU products has improved over time. Particular beneficiaries to be targeted are: • Planners and policy makers in government institutions (e.g. ministries of social welfare, gender, planning, agriculture, livestock, fisheries) concerned with poverty, livelihoods, food and nutrition security; • Somali Academic Institutions who focus on nutrition education and food security; • Commissions or agencies charged with contingency planning or emergency preparedness (e.g. National Environmental Research & Disaster Preparedness Commission [NERAD] in Somaliland, Humanitarian Affairs & Disaster Management Agency [HADMA] in Puntland); • Development agencies focusing on strengthening the resilience of households and communities; • NGOs and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) requiring local information for strategic planning and monitoring purposes; and • Somali population (including pastoralists, farmers, fishing and business communities) needing to make the right production and economic decisions.
OSRO/SOM/419/UK The principal beneficiaries of FSNAU information have been the members of the Nairobi-based international community, also represented through the „clusters‟ of the Inter Agency Standing Committee (IASC), donors, UN agencies, international and Somali Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs). This group has increasingly used FSNAU analysis and information, as the quality and timeliness of FSNAU products has improved over time. Particular beneficiaries to be targeted are: • Planners and policy makers in government institutions (e.g. ministries of social welfare, gender, planning, agriculture, livestock, fisheries) concerned with poverty, livelihoods, food and nutrition security; • Somali Academic Institutions who focus on nutrition education and food security; • Commissions or agencies charged with contingency planning or emergency preparedness (e.g. National Environmental Research & Disaster Preparedness Commission [NERAD] in Somaliland, Humanitarian Affairs & Disaster Management Agency [HADMA] in Puntland); • Development agencies focusing on strengthening the resilience of households and communities; • NGOs and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) requiring local information for strategic planning and monitoring purposes; and • Somali population (including pastoralists, farmers, fishing and business communities) needing to make the right production and economic decisions.
vi) Projects by size Eight projects in the country portfolio are above US$ 4 million, four of these projects are above 10 million. The resilience programme includes 13 % of projects categorized as non-emergency, while the remaining 87 % are emergency focused.
Resilience Programme Projects by portfolio size (by Total FPMIS budget size and No. of projects)
Budget size (US$) Total FPMIS budget (US$) No. of projects Above 10 million 62,265,467 4 5-10 million 28,419,299 4 2.5-5 million 9,708,998 3 1-2.5 million 5,686,911 4 0.5-1 million 3,169,201 4 below 0.5 million 1,307,424 4 no allocated budget n/a 2
16 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes vii) Projects by donors A list of the donors of the resilience programme is included in PA Annex 2. The figure below shows an overview of donor contributions to the Somalia resilience programme. Although multilateral contributions represent the largest proportion of donations (US$ 19 million), Norway represents the largest single donor, contributing US$ 15,7 million, in addition to providing US$2 million within the multilateral contribution. The second largest contribution is provided by the UK (US$ 15,2 million), followed by the USA (US$ 14,5 million), the EU (US$ 12,7 million), Denmark (US$ 10,6 million within the multilateral contribution), Germany (US$ 10,4 million) and Switzerland (US$ 8,2 million)14.
Share of major donors (by total FPMIS budget)
Donor contributions to FAO Somalia Resilience Programme
Donor Contribution (lump sum) (US$) Canada 919,201 CHS - Common Humanitarian Fund for Somalia 2,100,000 CPF - Countering Piracy Fund 750,000 European Union 12,708,628 FAO 497,000 Germany 10,435,824 Japan 1,000,000 Multilateral 12,710,394 Norway 15,653,391 Switzerland 7,912,789 UK 12,442,375 UNOCHA 3,505,886 USA 14,500,000 Sweden 2,000,000
14 CHS represents the Common Humanitarian Fund for Somalia; CPF represents the Counter Piracy Fund. Multilateral contributions fund two projects (GCP /SOM/050/MUL and OSRO/SOM/301/MUL) of which Norway, Denmark, FAO, and the EU are contributors.
17 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
As shown on the chart below, 22 of the resilience programme projects are funded by Trustfunds (TF), 1 project is funded by the special joint UN fund (TF/UNO) and another by GCP trustfund (TF/ GCP) which is a government cooperation fund under which a donor government or a financing institution entrusts funds to FAO for the provision of technical assistance services. Therefore, the remaining project worth $4,970.000 funded by the Technical Cooperation Programme (TCP) is the only project financed by FAO’s regular programme.
1e. Projects by Status
Number of projects by funding source15
Of the 25 Resilience Programme projects, 19 (76%) are operationally active. Of the 19 operationally active projects, 17 are emergency projects while the remaining 2 are categorized as non- emergency/technical cooperation. 13 emergency projects are expected to end in 2015, 3 in 2016, and 1 in 2017. One non-emergency project is expected to end in 2015 and 1 in 2016.
C. Resilience programme project components
i) Projects by sector Agricultural Development
13 of the 25 projects under the FAO Resilience Programme focus on agricultural development, of which 2 have a direct focus on crop production. The primary objective of these projects is that:
• At risk households anticipate, resist, absorb and recover in a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability. • Improved Production techniques and inputs are introduced/provided to farmers and herders to increase food availability and income at household and community levels in Southern Somalia (OSRO/SOM/413/CHA; OSRO/SOM/999/USA) • Building capacity for better food security programming in emergency and rehabilitation contexts through better seed system assessment, better integration of nutrition and food security and improved accountability to affected populations (OSRO/GLO/303/EC)
These projects include:
• IGAD - FAO Partnership Programme on Drought Resilience – Inception Phase (OSRO/ RAF/406/SWI)
15 Where applicable, the group “TF others” includes projects approved under GCP, GDCP, APOs, UNJP, UN, TF and Telefood modalities 18 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
• FAO Resilience Programme ✓✓ OSRO/SOM/128/GER ✓✓ OSRO/SOM/301/MUL ✓✓ OSRO/SOM/306/USA ✓✓ OSRO/SOM/307/SWI ✓✓ OSRO/SOM/309/UK ✓✓ OSRO/SOM/402/JPN ✓✓ OSRO/SOM/404/CAN ✓✓ OSRO/SOM/405/EC ✓✓ OSRO/SOM/415/NOR
• FAO Resilience Programme – Contribution to the emergency response plan (OSRO/ SOM/416/SWE) (OSRO/SOM/503/SAF) • Resilience Programme - Integrated Humanitarian Resilience Approach (IHRA) (OSRO/ SOM/410/CHS)
All projects are classified as emergency projects, except for 4 (OSRO/SOM/999/USA; TCP/ SOM/3401; GCP /SOM/054/EC; OSRO/SOM/999/USA). On average projects have a duration cycle of 1 to 3 years. Collectively the total budget for projects directly contributing to agricultural development is $79,737,708, with a cumulative delivery of $42,395,935 (2013 – 2014) or 53 percent of overall budget.
The following projects are directly related to crop production: 3 projects directly contribute to improving plant production - (OSRO/SOM/413/CHA; OSRO/ SOM/999/USA; OSRO/GLO/303/EC). Although these projects contribute to agricultural development, they are managed by the Food and Nutrition Division (OSRO/GLO/303/EC) and the Plant Production & Protection Division (OSRO/SOM/413/CHA; OSRO/SOM/999/USA).
OSRO/GLO/303/EC is a global project that aims to increase the capacity of humanitarian stakeholders working in food security and livelihoods to better address nutrition pas part of their programmes – primarily focusing on generating capacity and training/planning resources at global levels that can be applied to a variety of contexts. Somalia is one of the East African countries where such efforts will be piloted – working together with the Food Security Cluster and Global Nutrition Cluster.
The expected output of OSRO/SOM/413/CHA is improved production techniques and inputs are introduced/provided to farmers and herders to increase food availability and income at households and community levels in Southern Somalia, while OSRO/SOM/999/USA aims to enhance the capacity of at least 5 farmer organizations for seed bulking and/or seed production in order to diversify the seed market in line with the voucher system implemented by FAO for seed distribution both in emergency and in developing projects.
Animal production and health
3 projects within the Resilience Programme contribute to animal production and health (OSRO/ SOM/414/CHS; OSRO/SOM/501/CHS; OSRO/SOM/502/CHS). These projects primarily target pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in south and central Somalia, with one also targeting pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in northeast Somalia (OSRO/SOM/501/CHS).
OSRO/SOM/414/CHS will provide livestock emergency supportive treatment (against ecto and endo parasites, blood parasites and bacterial infections and other drought related conditions) for 508,000 animals (camels, cattle, sheep and goats) belonging to approximately 25,400 vulnerable rural households (pastoral and agro-pastoral), carried out through a livestock professional association. The emergency supportive treatment is expected to reduce drought disease related mortalities, contribute to increased animal production and productivity.
19 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
OSRO/SOM/501/CHS aims to provide livestock targeted vaccination for 636,000 animals (sheep and goats) belonging to approximately 15,900 vulnerable rural households (pastoral and agro- pastoral) in six (Bari, Nugal, South Mudug, Sanaag, Sool, Gedo)) of the most affected regions of north east and south Somalia in an effort to assist them overcome the effects of these recent shocks. OSRO/SOM/502/CHS similarly aims to vaccinate a total of 1.59 million sheep and goats (belonging to 39,750 pastoral and agro pastoral households) and another 450,000 animals (camels, cattle, sheep and goats) for selective treatment in the regions of South Central Somalia (Bakool, Lower Juba, Middle Shabelle, Lower Shabelle, and Hiran).
Animal production and health has a dedicated budget of $1,900,000 with a cumulative delivery of $852,744 (2013 – 2014) or 43 percent of the overall dedicated budget. Furthermore, the Common Humanitarian Fund (CHF) is the donor for all 3 projects that are aimed to link together in terms of output and intended outcomes. All three projects are constituted as emergency projects with project durations of 1 – 2 years.
Natural resources, land and water
4 projects directly contribute to natural resource management of land and water including:
• Rebuilding confidence on land issues in Somalia (GCP /SOM/054/EC)
GCP /SOM/054/EC focuses on increasing sustainable access to land and other natural resources in order to facilitate productive investments as well as to facilitate the Somalia’s social and economic development. Furthremore, the project will also utilize SWALIM to carry out one of its core activities of creating “An inventory of the natural resource base and a territorial diagnostic report to release and share with stakeholders”.
Land and water management contributes $9,924,769 to the Somalia Resilience Programme budget, with a cumulative delivery of $7,488,019 or 76 percent of overall budget. 2 projects (GCP /SOM/050/MUL; GCP /SOM/054/EC) are non-emergency projects, while the remaining 2 (OSRO/ SOM/407/CHS; OSRO/SOM/408/CHS) are emergency projects. All projects have average project duration of 1 – 3 years.
Cash for work (CFW)
Cash for work continues to play an important role in the Somalia programme with an overall budget of $8,000,000 dedicated to the Implementation of CFW activities in Somaliland, Puntland and South Central regions of Somalia (OSRO/SOM/412/USA project).
Activities, which aim to target districts with medium to high agricultural potential include:
• Participation in Cash-for-Work (CFW) activities – for a period of two 8 to 9 week CFW cycles is planned. • Distribution of adapted agricultural inputs packages over two seasons (Deyr 2014-15 and Gu 2015), using vouchers redeemable with local agro-vet retailers, compatibly with market conditions, targeting 75 000 farming households. • Distribution of sheep and goats to pastoralists and agro-pastoralists severely affected by recent shocks – targeting 14 000 households • Distribution of hand lines and basic training on inland/riverine fisheries – targeting a total of 3 600 households, all located in riverine areas of Southern Somalia.
The CFW project under the Resilience programme is categorized as an emergency project that aims to provide food assistance in the short term. The CFW project began in 2014 and is due to end in 2015. Technical backstopping for the CFW project is provided by FAO’s Rural Infrastructure and Agro-Industries Division (AGS).
20 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Fisheries
4 projects in the Somalia resilience programme fall within the fisheries sector. These include:
• South Central Somalia Capacity Building Fisheries Project (TCP/SOM/3401) • Fisheries Sector Support Programme in Somalia (OSRO/SOM/310/NOR) • Somaliland Fishermen and Fleet Registration (OSRO/SOM/417/CPF) • Jubbaland and Galmadug Fishermen and Fleet Registration (OSRO/SOM/418/CPF)
The overall objectives of each project include:
• Improve the technical, administrative and managerial capacity and planning of the Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Environment in South Central Somalia and other fisheries sector stakeholders through training and development of a strategic approach to fisheries development in Somalia, thereby contributing to poverty reduction and food security in the middle and long term (TCP/SOM/3401). • To strengthen and protect sustainable livelihoods within the fisheries sector in Somalia through improved food security and resilience to shocks and crises (OSRO/SOM/310/ NOR). • To increase the knowledge of fisheries activities and fishing effort to further support management plans (OSRO/SOM/417/CPF). • To increase the knowledge of fisheries activities and fishing effort to further support management plans (OSRO/SOM/418/CPF).
Projects within this sector contribute $15,213,480 to the overall Resilience Programme, with a cumulative delivery of $ 2,004,140 or 13% of overall allocated budget. Although 3 of the projects fall under FAO’s Fishery Policy and Planning Division, OSRO/SOM/310/NOR directly falls under the Subregional Office for Eastern Africa. All projects are operationally active, and 3 are categorized as emergency projects except for TCP/SOM/340.
SO5 projects not under resilience programme
The following projects contribute to resilience but are not under the resilience programme:
• Somali Water and Land Information Management (SWALIM) Phase V (GCP /SOM/050/ MUL) • Somalia Water and land information Management (SWALIM), Phase V (CHF WASH Programmes project) (OSRO/SOM/407/CHS) • Somalia Water and Land Information Management -SWALIM, Phase V (CHF Enabling Programmes Project) (OSRO/SOM/408/CHS)
3 projects (GCP /SOM/050/MUL; OSRO/SOM/407/CHS; OSRO/SOM/408/CHS) contribute to the fifth phase of the Somalia Water and land information Management (SWALIM) project. The projects aim to increase the availability and use of FAO-SWALIM information in water and land resources management, early warning, preparedness, response and resilience building, allowing informed decision in sustainable natural resources management, planning and interventions.
OSRO/SOM/407/CHS will utilize SWALIM to collect and collate all existing hydro-geology information & data for Ceel Waaq district & undertake a preliminary analysis to provide a basic understanding of groundwater resource situation in the district.
21 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Annex 3: Donors
Contribution Donor Funding (USD) Earmarks and notes Carry-over from 2012 38 602 137 Funds were carried-over from the following emergency emergency donors: the Government of Spain, the World programme programme Bank, the Government of Australia, the carry-over European Commission (EC), the Department for International Development (DFID), Common Humanitarian Fund, the Government of Belgium, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), the Government of France, and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) in 2011/2012. Contributions Denmark 10 602 394 Focused on FRP toward the resilience FAO 108 000 No earmarks programme Norway 3 686 910 No earmarks. They are two distinct projects, first project in 2013 of USD 2 000 000 and second project of USD 1 686 910 in 2014. OFDA/ USAID 6 500 000 OFDA indicated a preference not to fund the following: value addition and commercialization strategies; infrastructure development/ construction through third parties; pest disease surveillance system/networks; vouchers for irrigation or tractor hours; animal breeding programmes; and cash for work (temporary employment). SDC/ SWI 7 912 789 No earmarks DFID (UK) 12 500 000 Focused on i) Dollow (FRP); ii) Iskushuban (FRP) or South Central Somalia (IHRA); and iii) the development of an information platform. KfW (Germany) 10 435 824 Focused on: South Central Somalia; for activities related to i) enhance production and productivity of smallholders; ii) increase value addition opportunities; and iii) improve access to markets. Japan 1 000 000 Focus on livestock and fisheries activities in Puntland. ECHO 6 505 516 ECHO Contribution focused on IHRA only with no fisheries components. Canada 919 202 No earmarks- At risk households anticipate, resist, absorb and recover in a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability. CHF 850 000 At risk households anticipate, resist and recover quickly from pressures and shocks. SWEDEN 2 000 000 FAO Resilience Programme -Contribution to the Emergency Response Plan 2014-2015- At risk households anticipate, resist, absorb and recover in a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability CHF (Denmark 1,000,000 FAO Resilience Programme -Contribution to the ) Emergency Response Plan 2014-2015- At risk households anticipate, resist, absorb and recover in a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability FFP/ USAID 8 000 000 Implementation of cash for work activity in Somaliland, Puntland and south Central Somalia.
22 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Contribution Donor Funding (USD) Earmarks and notes Other DFID Sustainable Employment and Economic contributions Development Programme (SEED) Phase II. aligned to the objectives of EC Improvement of livelihood of vulnerable the Resilience households in urban and peri-urban areas of Programme Central Somalia and Mogadishu (in collaboration *some with ILO). projects were EC Irrigation consolidation and development of operational prior better farming systems in the middle and lower to 2013 and catchments of the may partially DUR-DUR watershed, Awdal region - Somaliland contribute to Phase II. other Pillars ITA Support and diversification of sustainable livelihood opportunities in urban /Peri-urban centres of Puntland. ITA Increasing food security and employment opportunities for vulnerable youth in Puntland and Mudug. EC Support to Agricultural Productivity and Grain Storage in the Irrigated Areas of South Somalia. CHS Integrated Assistance to Voluntary Returnees in Somalia. CHS Integrated Assistance to Sustainable reintegration of IDPs at their place of origin in South-Central Somalia. OCHA Livelihood Support to Pastoral and Agro-pastoral communities in southern Somalia through improvement of Animal Health. Norway To strengthen and protect sustainable livelihoods within the fisheries sector in Somalia through improved food security and resilience to shocks and crises. UNHCR Access to livelihood input including Provide productive assets, training and technical assistance to returning IDPs. TCP The overall objective of the project is to improve the technical, administrative and managerial capacity and planning of the Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Environment in South Central Somalia and other fisheries sector stakeholders through training and development of a strategic approach to fisheries development in Somalia, thereby contributing to poverty reduction and food security in the middle and long term. TCP Emergency support to animal health and production in drought stricken areas of Somalia.
23 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Annex 4: FAO resilience programme outcomes and outputs
Outcomes Outputs Typical activities (with relevant targets for participation of men, women, youth and any locally disenfranchised group.)
1. Targeted 1.1 Targeted farmers, herders Distribution of productive inputs and households (HHs) and fisherfolks have received equipment; and communities technical and material support to Upgrading of facilities; have diversified their diversify their production Training of beneficiaries in new income- sources of income generating activities. and livelihood strategies 1.2 Targeted farmers, herders Support to targeted individuals/households in and fisherfolks have received enterprise creation; technical and material support to Construction or rehabilitation of add value their production infrastructure; Training of beneficiaries in hygienic production, standardization, packaging, business and marketing skills.
*1.3 Temporary employment Participatory selection of community in labour-intensive schemes is infrastructure and technical appraisal of created construction/rehabilitation (e.g. irrigation canals, rural roads, water catchments); Identification of most vulnerable households in targeted communities; Implementation of Cash-for-Work activities.
1.4 Agriculture-related services Training of trainers; (for the crop, livestock and Organization and establishment of business fisheries sectors) are established associations. and create permanent skilled employment
2. Targeted HHs and *2.1 Improved and adapted Support local production of seeds and communities have an production techniques are distribution of input and farm tools to the increased and more introduced to farmers, herders community; sustainable food and fisherfolks Training in local fodder seed production, production conservation, planting and harvesting; Training / refresher courses for community animal health workers in proper handling of veterinary drugs.
*2.2 Productive infrastructure Implementation of Cash-for-Work activities (e.g. irrigation canals, water (following preliminary steps highlighted in catchments, feeder roads) is 1.3 above) and/or mechanized rehabilitation expanded or rehabilitated where appropriate; Training and set-up of committees for use and maintenance of infrastructure.
2.3 Plans for natural resources Community consultation and action planning; conservation/management at Re-vegetation through seeding/reseeding community level are prepared of degraded rangelands pastures and and implemented establishment of tree nurseries; Establishment of user committees; Develop biogas production and the biogas market and energy plantations.
2.4 Negotiation tables around Establishment of negotiation tables using access to – and use of – land and the Participatory Negotiated Territorial natural resources are established Development (PNTD) approach. in target communities
24 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Outcomes Outputs Typical activities (with relevant targets for participation of men, women, youth and any locally disenfranchised group.)
3. Targeted HHs 3.1 Value chain analysis for Analysis and mapping of specific value chains and producer selected commodities is for selected agricultural commodities; organisations are undertaken Identification of business development able to sell their opportunities; produce and obtain Analysis of the potential internal and external better prices markets for the prioritized Somali agricultural products.
3.2 Producer organizations have Technical training in good agricultural received technical and material practices and value addition; support to better deliver market- Facilitate the producer groups with access to related services credit facilities and market outlet.
*3.3 Market infrastructure and Participatory selection of market facilities (e.g. meat and livestock infrastructure and technical appraisal of markets, slaughterhouses, construction/rehabilitation (e.g. markets, feeder roads, produce stores) are access roads, processing facilities); established or improved Implementation of building works; Development of Public-Private Partnership arrangements for long-term management.
4. Targeted HHs and 4.1 A pest and disease Establishment of baseline in targeted areas; communities have surveillance system/network is Training of key actors to provide surveillance, access to knowledge established and functional at monitoring, reporting and rapid response; and support services community level Establishment of partnership instruments for for productive vaccination, treatment and vector control. activities 4.2 Farmer Field School (FFS) and Strengthen the capacity of key actors to Pastoral Field School (PFS) are deliver technical advice. established to deliver knowledge on best practices to farmers, herders and fisherfolks
25 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Annex 5: Projects by sector
Agricultural development Project symbol Title Objectives Total budget Technical (FPMIS) unit (LTU)
OSRO/RAF/406/SWI IGAD - FAO Outcome: Operational $327,240 ESA PARTNERSHIP Framework for IGAD -FAO PROGRAM Partnership Programme in place ON DROUGHT to support Implementation RESILIENCE - Inception Phase Output 1: An Effective Trust Fund Mechanism in place to support Community and Policy Level interventions.
Output 2: Priority Resilience Policy Agenda and Actions identified and agreed.
OSRO/SOM/128/GER FAO Resilience At risk households anticipate, $10,435,824 ESA Programme resist, absorb and recover in a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability.
OSRO/SOM/301/MUL FAO Resilience At risk households anticipate, $25,420,788 ESA Programme resist, absorb and recover in a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability
OSRO/SOM/306/USA FAO Resilience At risk households anticipate, $6,500,000 ESA Programme resist, absorb and recover in a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability.
OSRO/SOM/307/SWI FAO Resilience At risk households anticipate, $7,912,789 ESA Programme resist, absorb and recover in a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability.
OSRO/SOM/309/UK FAO Resilience At risk households anticipate, $12,442,375 ESA Programme resist, absorb and recover in a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability.
OSRO/SOM/402/JPN FAO Resilience At risk households anticipate, $1,000,000 ESA Programme resist and recover quickly from -Humanitarian pressures and shocks. Assistance for African Countries
26 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Project symbol Title Objectives Total budget Technical (FPMIS) unit (LTU)
OSRO/SOM/404/CAN FAO Resilience At risk households anticipate, $919,201 ESA Programme resist, absorb and recover in (Canada) a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability.
OSRO/SOM/405/EC FAO Resilience At risk households anticipate, $6,006,510 ESA Programme resist, absorb and recover in a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability.
OSRO/SOM/410/CHS Resilience At risk households anticipate, $850,000 ESA Programme resist and recover quickly from - Integrated pressures and shocks. Humanitarian Resilience Approach (IHRA)
OSRO/SOM/415/NOR FAO Resilience At risk households anticipate, $1,686,911 ESA Programme resist, absorb and recover in a timely and efficient manner from external pressures and shocks in ways that preserve integrity and do not deepen vulnerability.
OSRO/SOM/416/SWE FAO Resilience At risk households anticipate, $2,000,000 ESA Programme resist, absorb and recover in -Contribution to a timely and efficient manner the Emergency from external pressures and Response Plan shocks in ways that preserve 2014-2015 integrity and do not deepen vulnerability.
OSRO/SOM/503/SAF FAO Resilience At risk households anticipate, $233,184 ESA Programme resist, absorb and recover in -Contribution to a timely and efficient manner the Emergency from external pressures and Response Plan shocks in ways that preserve 2014-2015 integrity and do not deepen vulnerability.
27 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Animal health
Project Symbol Project Title Project Total Technical Technical Technical Objectives Budget Division Division Unit (LTU) (FPMIS) (LTU) (description)
OSRO/SOM/414/CHS Livelihood Increase food $900,000 AGA Animal AGAH Support to availability Production Drought and income and Health Affected at the Division Pastoral household and Agro- and pastoral community communities levels by the in south end of next and central season. Somalia
OSRO/SOM/501/CHS Livelihood The objective $1,000,000 AGA Animal AGAH Support to of the Production Pastoral project is to and Health and Agro- increase food Division pastoral availability communities and income in Northeast at the and South household Somalia. and community levels by the end of next season
OSRO/SOM/502/CHS Livelihood The objective $0 AGA Animal AGAH Support to of the Production Pastoral project is to and Health and Agro- increase food Division pastoral availability communities and income in selected at the districts in household South Central and Somalia community levels through reduced disease related livestock mortalities
28 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Fishery projects
Project Symbol Project Title Project Total Budget Technical Technical Objectives (FPMIS) Division Unit (LTU) (description)
TCP/SOM/3401 South Central The overall $497,000 Fishery Policy FIPI Somalia objective of and Planning Capacity the project Division Building is to improve Fisheries Project the technical, administrative and managerial capacity and planning of the Ministry of Fisheries, Marine Resources and Environment in South Central Somalia and other fisheries sector stakeholders through training and development of a strategic approach to fisheries development in Somalia, thereby contributing to poverty reduction and food security in the middle and long term.
OSRO/SOM/310/NOR Fisheries To strengthen $13,966,480 Subregional SFE Sector Support and protect Office for Programme in sustainable Eastern Affrica Somalia livelihoods within the fisheries sector in Somalia through improved food security and resilience to shocks and crises.
OSRO/SOM/417/CPF Somaliland To increase the $250,000 Fishery Policy FIPS Fishermen knowledge and Planning and Fleet of fisheries Division Registration activities and fishing effort to further support management plans
OSRO/SOM/418/CPF Jubbaland and To increase the $500,000 Fishery Policy FIPS Galmadug knowledge and Planning Fishermen of fisheries Division and Fleet activities and Registration fishing effort to further support management plans
29 Evaluation of FAO’s resilience sub-programme in Somalia - Annexes
Cash for work
Project Symbol Project Title Project Total Technical Technical Objectives Budget Division Unit (LTU) (FPMIS) (description)
OSRO/SOM/412/USA Implementation To immediately $8,000,000 Rural AGS of CFW activities enable HHs Infrastructure in Somaliland, in crisis to and Agro- Puntland and meet their Industries South Central basic income Division regions of needs through Somalia immediate access to sufficient income to access to the minimum expenditure basket;
To build or rehabilitate basic productive infrastructure that opens opportunity for increased production and productivity contributing to households and communities resilience to drought, floods and other risks.
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