DESERT LOCUST UPSURGE Progress report on the response in the Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen May–August 2020 DESERT LOCUST UPSURGE Progress report on the response in the Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen May–August 2020 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2020 REQUIRED CITATION FAO. 2020. Desert locust upsurge – Progress report on the response in the Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen (May–August 2020). Rome. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. 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Users wishing to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, are responsible for determining whether permission is needed for that reuse and for obtaining permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. Sales, rights and licensing. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. Requests for commercial use should be submitted via: www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request. Queries regarding rights and licensing should be submitted to: [email protected]. Photo cover: ©FAO/Luis Tato Contents Foreword . 1 At a glance . .3 . Background . 5 . Curb the spread of desert locust . 6 . Continuous surveillance . .6 Ground and air control operations . 8 Impact assessments and environment, health and safety . 15 Outputs and outcome under Component 1 of the programme. 15 Safeguard livelihoods . 18 . Outputs and outcome under Component 2 of the programme. 19 Coordination and preparedness . 20 Deploy rapid surge support . 20 Facilitate regional partnerships and collaboration. 20 Enhance regional advocacy and national-level coordination . 21 Strengthen regional and national capacities and enhance preparedness . 22 What to expect in the next quarter . 23 . ©FAO/Luis Tato Foreword With over seven decades of experience in detecting, reporting and managing desert locust infestations, and five decades in preventing and responding to humanitarian emergencies, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) works closely with affected countries, providing crucial technical support and guidance in response to the 2020 desert locust upsurge. Since January 2020, remarkable progress has been made to counter the upsurge that slowly developed over the last two years in the Empty Quarter of the Arabian Peninsula and spread to Eastern Africa and Southwest Asia. Thanks to strong capacities in Southwest Asia, the upsurge is almost under control, while scaled-up and sustained action in Eastern Africa has prevented a major humanitarian crisis and averted massive infestation in Western Africa. I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to all our partners – from the governments of affected countries who have continued to prioritise locust control efforts while coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, to the teams and communities on the ground who have worked tirelessly to surveil and control the pests, to fellow United Nations agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and resource partners whose support has been invaluable since the onset of the crisis. I would like to commend their extraordinary solidarity, which enabled FAO to mount and scale up desert locust control operations within just a few weeks in Eastern Africa. By the end of August 2020, the Regional Response Plan for the Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen was 80 percent funded, representing one of FAO’s best-funded appeals in 2020. More than 20 partners (bilaterals, multilaterals, foundations and the private sector) responded to the call of FAO and its members and provided vital support to surveillance and control operations, environmental and health assessments, livelihoods assistance, coordination and capacity building. This second quarterly report reflects FAO’s continued efforts towards transparency in reporting against planned activities and achievements between May and August 2020, responding to common questions and concerns posed by our partners. The report will be further enriched later in October 2020 with the release of the Real-Time Evaluation Phase 1 report. I am personally extremely proud of the level of accountability and transparency demonstrated by FAO since January. October and November are critical months for desert locust operations, coinciding with a new breeding generation, the short rainy season (that extends to December) and wind directions which will shift and blow southward. 1 We will shortly be able to update our scenario for the remainder of the year and possibly the first half of 2021. Should the situation deteriorate once again, we will have to extend our response plan. As usual, FAO will discuss these plans with our Members and partners to ensure a coordinated effort. The current crisis has generated an unprecedented interest in current and future capacities and arrangements to respond to transboundary pests in Eastern Africa, and refocused discussions around the systems to be upgraded or established between regions. To that effect, a series of studies is being conducted and a number of events is being prepared, with the support of the World Bank, the French Development Agency (AFD) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) in particular. It is thanks to our close working relationships that we have gotten this far in our efforts to combat the desert locust upsurge. It is incumbent on us to continue this collaboration with our Members and partners to build long-term capacity to cope with the upsurges of the future. QU Dongyu Director-General Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2 | DESERT LOCUST UPSURGE ©FAO/Luis Tato ©FAO/Luis At a glance By the end of August 2020, a total of USD 184.9 million has been mobilized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) to respond to the desert locust upsurge in the Greater Horn of Africa and Yemen following the release of its first Desert Locust Upsurge Response Over 42 million people facing Plan in January, the subsequent revision launched in February and the severe acute food insecurity in the next one in May. This represents about 80 percent of the requested ten targeted countries USD 231.64 million. Together with the governments of affected countries (Global Report on Food Crises 2020) and the Desert Locust Control Organization for Eastern Africa (DLCO-EA), through this funding FAO is able to control up to 1.5 million ha 760 000 ha of land controlled (out of 1.7 million ha included in the Response Plan) of infested in the ten countries farmland, rangeland and breeding grounds, protect the livelihoods (January–August 2020) of 298 000 households, and assist with facilitating coordination with stakeholders across the region. 515 billion desert locusts killed Livelihoods of 13 million Figure 1. Countries included in the response plan for Eastern Africa and Yemen people saved and food security protected 116 000 households provided with livelihoods assistance – COUNTRIES INCLUDED IN 39% of the revised year-end target THE RESPONSE PLAN of 298 000 households Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya USD 184.9 million Somalia South Sudan mobilized by FAO for rapid response Sudan Uganda and anticipatory action in the United Republic of Tanzania Yemen ten countries from January to December 2020 Source: United Nations world map, February 2019 . 3 A recent damage assessment Between January and August 2020, over 760 000 ha have been controlled confirmed that control across the ten countries covered by the appeal, including 657 000 ha in the operations significantly worst-affected countries of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia.