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La Subfamilia Dendryphantinae (Salticidae, Araneae) En La República Argentina : Estudios Comparativos Sobre Metaphidippus Odios

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La Subfamilia Dendryphantinae (Salticidae, Araneae) En La República Argentina : Estudios Comparativos Sobre Metaphidippus Odios Tesis de Posgrado La subfamilia Dendryphantinae (Salticidae, Araneae) en la República Argentina : Estudios comparativos sobre Metaphidippus odiosus, Bryantella smaragdus y Dendryphantes patagonicus Scioscia, Cristina Luisa 1990 Tesis presentada para obtener el grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Scioscia, Cristina Luisa. (1990). La subfamilia Dendryphantinae (Salticidae, Araneae) en la República Argentina : Estudios comparativos sobre Metaphidippus odiosus, Bryantella smaragdus y Dendryphantes patagonicus. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/Download/Tesis/Tesis_2350_Scioscia.pdf Cita tipo Chicago: Scioscia, Cristina Luisa. "La subfamilia Dendryphantinae (Salticidae, Araneae) en la República Argentina : Estudios comparativos sobre Metaphidippus odiosus, Bryantella smaragdus y Dendryphantes patagonicus". Tesis de Doctor. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 1990. http://digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar/Download/Tesis/Tesis_2350_Scioscia.pdf Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 La.subfamilia Dendryphantinae (Saltieidae, Araneae) en la Republica Argentina. Estudios comparativos sobre Metaphidippus odiosas, Bryantella smaragdus y Dendryphantes patagonicus por Cristina Luisa Scioscia Trabaiu de Tesis para optar al titulo de Ünctnr en Ciencias Binlogitas Director Prof.MariaElena.Galiano.. 5 e u L Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturaleï Universidad de Buenos Aires 1990 Tomo AGBADEQIHIEHIQS A mi directora, la Prof. Maria Elena Galiano, por depositar en m1 su confianza, dedicar su tiempo en formarme en el campo de la Aracnologia y brindarme su constante apoyo y amistad. A las autoridades del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas y al director del MuseoArgentino de Ciencias Naturales "B.Rivadavia”, Dr.José Maria Gallardo, por el apoyo academico e institucional. Al Dr.Axel 0.Bachmann, mi consejero de estudios y amigo. A los siguientes curadores e instituciones por el préstamo del material tipico y colecciones indeterminadas: Dr.H.W.Levi, Museumof Comparative Zoology; Dr.P.Hillyard, British Museum; Dr.M.Moritz, Museumfür Naturkunde; Dr.N.I.Platnick, American Museumof Natural History; Dra.S.Mascherini, MuseoZoologico della Specola; Dra.A.Timotheo da Costa, Museu Nacional de Rio de Janeiro; Dr.P.Vanzolini, Museode Zoología de la Universidad de Sao Paulo; Dra.H.Buckup, Fundacao Zoobotanica do Rio Grande do Sul; Dr.R.Arrozpide, Museode La Plata. A1 Dr.Teodoro Stadler, al Lic.Alejandro Tablado, al Dr.Juan José Lopez Gappa y a la Dra.E1da Di Paola por permitirme el acceso a sus equipos de computación y por su ayuda en el procesamiento y análisis de datos e impresion del texto. A 1a Lic. Alba Papeschí por su asesoramiento en técnicas y analisis carioldgico. A mis padres y a mis amigos Susana Ledesma, Marta Del Priore, Dr.Jorge Genise, Dra.Eeatriz Rosso y Martin Ramirez quienes ayudandome en la crianza del material vivo, acompañandome en los viajes de recolección, dictando manuscritos o compaginando laminas, fueron mis mas estrechos colaboradores. A todos ellos, mi más sincero agradecimiento. Lic. Cristina L. Scioscia Qgg_ETI vos 1.- Actualizar literatura y nomenclaturade las especies del grupo. 2.- Identificar las especies y determinar su distribución geográfica. 3.- Comprobarsi los atributos especificos morfológicos, ecológicos, etologicos, cariologicos, etc. emergentes de estudios experimentales proporcionan caracteres sistemáticos y filogeneticos que puedanser aplicados a fines clasificatorios. Lic. C s y L. Scioscia I ru I) I C3 EE INTRODUCCION... MATERIALESYMETODOS................ urna-¡­ PRIMERA PARTE gatálogo z descrigcianes de las esggcies neotrugicales Introducción.. Ashtabula..... Avitus........ Bryantella.... Dendryphantes. U1 fJ Eris......l... Icius......... 79 Luria......... Mburuvicha ... Metaphidippus. Parnaenus .... Phidippus..... Pseudicius.... Sassacus...... Thammaca . .... Tquius . .... ... ... ..... -un-usn-unn SÉEUNDB. _._E_AB.I_E_ €E_É_LH¿_QE___CQDBEL3_É_1_KQ—E.59213{Lgazggliiwuá__gtï_ig—=_qg y íégfiLJLMQ-g 1’Mgé'lágíeififigfiéífi ' Beneralidades.... ..................uur", . Lu Comportamiento epigámico . .. u.. u. .. Ciclo vital... p Análisis del crecimiento....m. K... "un Variabilidad.........nu Tricobotriotaxia.. n..uu...= Estudios cromosbmicos . nr nn CONCLUSIONES.......Fu........... ... .‘. ...=.....=...r BIBLIOGRAFIA CITADAy de REFEBENCIA..L.u=..L, . , .‘,.u Jndice Alfabéticode Esgecies ."p..rm.......‘.l Introduccion INÏRODUCCIDN..... 1 JIPJ'TF?(JI)&JC3C32I(3F4 La abundancia de generos y especies de la familia Salticidae (aproximadamente 400 generos y 4000 especies) a llevado a varios de los especialistas en el tema a realizar infructuosos intentos de subdividirla en grupos o subfamilias; la complejidad y heterogeneidad de los numerosos caracteres a considerar no ha permitido que se llegara a un acuerdo clasificatorio. La primera clasificación supragenérica fue propuesta tentativamente por Simon (1901) quien separo 73 grupos de generos en tres secciones carentes de categoria sistemática y basadas en la dentición del retromargen del quelicero. Sus secciones Pluridentati, con 25 grupos de géneros, Fissidentati, con 20 grupos y Unidentati, con 28, nuclean a los generos cuyos representantes tienen, respectivamente, varios dientes, un diente con dos cúspides y un único diente generalmente acuminado, en el borde inferior de los queliceros. El propio Simonreconoce que esta division de la familia es quizas en cierto modoartificial; pero hasta el momentono se ha conseguido mejorarla. Petrunkevitch (1928) propuso 23 subfamilias agrupadas en tres "divisiones", que se corresponden con las secciones de Simon. Chichering (1946) EstablEClÓ solamente dos sub‘amilias: Lyssomaninae y Salticinae, esta última con doce grupos resto Jmportancxa a la dentición del quelicero comocaracter de INÏRODUCCION..... ¡"J relevancia. Su clasificación fue parcial, ya que estuvo referida a los grupos que el encontro representados en la fauna de Panama, lugar donde realizo sus investigaciones. La ultima clasificacion la propuso Proszynsky (1976); en ella establece 12 subfamilias limitadas a 1a region Paleartica. El avance de 1a ciencia desde la epoca de Simon hasta nuestros dias, las teorias modernasde clasificacion comoel cladismo o la taxonomía numérica asi como 1a diversificación del concepto de especie en tanto que taxon o unidad evolutiva o biológica, ofrecen a los investigadores actuales una variada gama de nuevas herramientas con las que interpretar 1a filogenia de los grupos naturales. La aplicacion combinadade diversas tecnicas y criterios permite a los especialistas encontrar nuevas afinidades, introducir cambios, establecer sinonimias y recombinaciones. Se trabaja con "grupos de especies afines" que producen conclusiones parciales capaces de interconectarse en el futuro para obtener clasificaciones filogeneticas coherentes. En cuanto a Salticidae se refiere, los pocos especialistas en el tema intentan aplicar esa metodologia a la clasificacion de la familia, pero, en última instancia, terminan refiriendo sus "grupos" a alguna de las secciones de Simon. Por otra parte, no existe consenso sobre cual seria el grupo hermano de SBIticidae; para w.P.Maddison (Tesis Doctoral, 1988), 1a monofilia de la familia estaria apoyada en el caracter INÏRUDUCCIÜN..... TK sinapomorfico de la estructura peculiar de sus ojos que les provee una excelente vision y los patrones comportamentales derivados de esta. Cuando comence a estudiar el grupo de las Dendryphantinae tenia la intencion de realizar comotrabajo de Tesis la revision de la subfamilia en la Republica Argentina. La bibliografia era tan escasa y la cantidad de especimenes diferentes que encontraba en las colecciones era tan enorme que tuve que extender la búsqueda de información a toda el area Neotropical para comenzar a identificar especies que, descriptas para otros paises, se encontraran también en nuestro territorio. Los pocos trabajos publicados datan de mediados del siglo pasado y llegan hasta mediadosdel presente siglo; las descripciones de especies se hicieron sobre ejemplares fijados (por lo general el investigador recibia el material colectado por terceros), no existen datos sobre habitat, biologia, ciclos de vida, etc. dado que no se trabajaba con material vivo. Pronto comprendí que la revision de la subfamilia llevaria mucho mas tiempo y seria mucho mas compleja que lo previsto para una Tesis. Decidi entonces, para este fin, hacer una puesta al dia del conocimiento del grupo para el area Neotropical y ejemplificar sus caracteristicas mediante un estudio comparativo, utilizando material vivo de tres especies presentes en nuestro pais y probandodistintas tecnicas discriminatorias que pudieren ser aplicadas en el futuro con fines clasificatorios. INÏRODUCCION..... 4 De acuerdo
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