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REVISION of the JUMPING SPIDERS of the GENUS PHIDIPPUS (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE) by G

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REVISION of the JUMPING SPIDERS of the GENUS PHIDIPPUS (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE) by G Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods Volume 11 2004 REVISION OF THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF THE GENUS PHIDIPPUS (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE) by G. B. Edwards Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Charles H. Bronson, Commissioner 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods Volume 11 REVISION OF THE JUMPING SPIDERS OF THE GENUS PHIDIPPUS (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE) by G. B. EDWARDS Curator: Arachnida & Myriapoda Florida State Collection of Arthropods FDACS, Division of Plant Industry Bureau of Entomology, Nematology, and Plant Pathology P. O. Box 147100, 1911 SW 34th Street Gainesville, Florida 32614-7100 USA 2004 FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND CONSUMER SERVICES DIVISION OF PLANT INDUSTRY and THE CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY Gainesville, Florida FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND CONSUMER SERVICES Charles H. Bronson, Commissioner . Tallahassee Terry L. Rhodes, Assistant Commissioner . Tallahassee Craig Meyer, Deputy Commissioner . Tallahassee Richard D. Gaskalla, Director, Division of Plant Industry (DPI) . Gainesville Connie C. Riherd, Assistant Director, Division of Plant Industry . Gainesville Wayne N. Dixon, Ph.D., Bureau Chief, Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology . Gainesville Don L. Harris, Bureau Chief, Methods Development and Biological Control . Gainesville Richard A. Clark, Bureau Chief, Plant and Apiary Inspection . Gainesville Gregory Carlton, Bureau Chief, Pest Eradication and Control . Winter Haven Michael C. Kesinger, Bureau Chief, Budwood Registration . Winter Haven CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY BOARD OF DIRECTORS G. B. Edwards, Ph.D., President . DPI, Gainesville Paul E. Skelley, Ph.D., Vice-President . DPI, Gainesville Gary J. Steck, Ph.D., Secretary . DPI, Gainesville Gregory S. Hodges, Ph.D., Treasurer . DPI, Gainesville Marc A. Branham, Ph.D. University of Florida, Gainesville Joseph E. Eger, Ph.D. Dow Chemical Co., Tampa J. Howard Frank, Ph.D. University of Florida, Gainesville Janice G. Peters . Florida A & M University, Tallahassee Bruce D. Sutton, Ph.D. DPI, Gainesville Michael C. Thomas, Ph.D. DPI, Gainesville Robert H. Turnbow, Jr., Ph.D. Enterprise, Alabama Robert E. Woodruff, Ph.D. Emeritus Entomologist, DPI, Gainesville ORDERS: Publications, Technical Assistance, P. O. Box 147100, Gainesville, Florida 32614-7100 ISSN: 0885-5943; Contribution No. 891, Entomology Section; Release Date: February 2004 Front Cover: P. toro ♂ Inside Front: C1: P. octopunctatus ♀; C2: P. putnami ♂; C3,4: P. richmani ♂♀; C5,6: P. carolinensis ♂♀; C7: P. comatus ♂; C8: P. pruinosus ♂; C9,10: P. asotus ♂♀; C11,12: P. arizonensis ♂♂; C13: P. cruentus ♀; C14,15,16: P. mystaceus ♀♂♂; C17,18: P. tigris ♂♀; C19: P. phoenix ♂; C20: P. carneus ♂. Inside Back: C21,22: P. boei ♂♀; C23: P. tyrrelli ♂; C24: P. adumbratus ♂; C25,26,27,28: P. regius ♂♀♀♀; C29: P. otiosus X P. regius hybrid ♂; C30,31: P. otiosus ♂♀; C32,33,34,35,36: P. audax ♀♂♀♂♀; C37,38: P. princeps ♂♀; C39,40: P. pulcherrimus ♂♀. Back Cover: C41,42: P. workmani ♀♂; C43,44: P. pius ♀♂; C45,46: P. clarus ♀♂; C47,48: P. cardinalis ♀♂; C49,50,51: P. whitmani ♂♀♀; C52: P. johnsoni ♀; C53,54: P. olympus ♀♂; C55,56: P. apacheanus ♀♂; C57,58: P. purpuratus ♀♂; C59: P. texanus ♀; C60: P. ardens ♀. Back Page: P. cruentus ♂, Fig. 350, scratchboard illustration by Eliza Karpook. All photos by author unless otherwise credited: Wayne Maddison - Front Cover; Jeffrey Lotz - C1, C5, C24, C52; Eugene Miliczky - C7; David E. Hill - C59. ii FOREWORD Glavis Bernard (G. B.) Edwards, Jr., was born in Aberdeen, Maryland. As a young person and budding naturalist, he exhibited interests in prehistoric animals, reptiles, amphibians, and insects. As a teenager, he became interested in the behavior of spiders, especially that of jumping spiders, who usually prevailed when pitted against other spiders of similar size. Phidippus audax was often the heroine in these contests. He graduated from Northwest- ern High School in Hyattsville, Maryland, where he was well-known for his interest in “bugs.” G. B. obtained a B.S. from the University of Maryland in Entomology. After realizing early in his college career that he was unlikely to become a professional basketball player, his interest in entomology, and more specifically, in arachnology, began to blossom. He was employed in the Entomology Department as a part-time curator of the arachnid collection developed by Martin H. Muma. This gave him his first opportunity to examine many kinds of identified spiders. G. B. also developed an interest in the use of spiders for biological control. He discovered that a professor doing research on that topic, Dr. Willard H. Whitcomb, was at the University of Florida. He obtained a graduate assistant- ship at that institution, graduating with a M.S. and Ph.D. in Entomology while working on spiders in soybeans, and on life history, ecology, mimicry, predatory behavior, courtship behavior, and taxonomy of the jumping spider genus Phidippus. This Volume of the Occasional Papers is an outgrowth of that taxonomic research. A continued interest in his theses topics has expanded to include all jumping spiders, feeding a thriving interest in the biodiversity of this family. He has over 80 publications; most have been on spiders, but some on butterflies, centipedes, millipedes, and thrips. He has been employed by the FDACS/DPI for over 25 years, and has been the Curator of Arachnida and Myriapoda for most of that time. John B. Heppner, Ph.D. Series Editor 2003 Bureau of Entomology, Nematology, and Plant Pathology: Entomology Section Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services DEDICATION This revision is dedicated to my late wife, Cordia Sue Williams Edwards. Her premature death was a tragic loss to the many people whose lives were bettered by her caring and selflessness. Knowing that she would have wanted me to finish this work has helped me to persevere, despite subsequent setbacks, to its completion. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS It is difficult on a project of this scope to thank every person individually who contributed to its completion. My sincerest apologies and thanks to anyone whom I inadvertently omit. Field work was greatly facilitated in Arizona by the hospitality of Leticia Avilès and Wayne Maddison in Tucson, and the personnel of the Maddison laboratory at the University of Arizona (Greta Binford, Gita Bodner, Peggy Gerba, Marshall Hedin, Michelle MacMahon, Susan Masta), as well as the staff of the Southwestern Research Station in Portal (Wade C. Sherbrooke, Director). In Las Cruces, New Mexico, Lynda Goin and David B. Richman, New Mexico State University, were equally hospitable. Norman Horner enabled a trip to central Texas by loaning his camper and graduate student, Paul Barron, who was an excellent field companion. George Uetz kindly provided accomodations in Mexico. I was privileged to have the assistance of many other persons, too numerous to name, on other field trips. Individuals who contributed or loaned specimens include: Barbara J. Abraham, Leon Baert, Joseph A. Beatty, Don J. Boe, Robert G. Breene, III, Fred A. Coyle, Bruce Cutler, D. Allen Dean, Michael Draney, Dean B. Faber, Willis J. Gertsch, T. David Gowan, James E. Gillespy, Hank Guarisco, John S. Heiss, J. Hurley, Wendell Icenogle, Robert R. Jackson, Steven C. Johnson, Laurent LeSage, Graeme Lowe, Don C. Lowrie, David R. Maddison, Wayne iii P. Maddison, Joseph P. McCaffrey, Kenneth R. Moore, Miep R. O’Brien, Frank Pascoe, Andrew J. Penniman, David B. Richman, Steven H. Roach, Douglas A. Rossman, Vincent D. Roth, Robert X. Schick, William A. Shear, Darrell Ubick, George Uetz, David Williams, Robert J. Wolff. Institutions and curators loaning specimens were: AMNH - American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA; Norman I. Platnick, Louis Sorkin. BMNH - British Natural History Museum, London, England; Fred Wanless, Paul Hillyard. BMUW - Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Rod Crawford. CAS - California Academy of Science, San Francisco, California, USA; Charles E. Griswold, Walter Pulawski, Darrell Ubick. CNC - Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada; Charles E. Dondale, Jim H. Redner. DMNH - Denver Museum of Natural History, Denver, Colorado, USA; Paula Cushing. FMNH - Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Petra Sierwald, Larry Watrous. FSCA - Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, USA (includes most private collections of M. H. Muma and H. K. Wallace); G. B. Edwards. MCZ - Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Herbert W. Levi, Laura Liebensperger. MEM - Mississippi Entomological Museum, Starkville, Mississippi, USA; Richard Brown, Patricia R. Miller. MPM - Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Allen M. Young, Joan P. Jass. MSU - Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, Texas, USA; Norman Horner, James C. Cokendolpher. OMNH - Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA; Victoria J. Byre. OSU - Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Charles Triplehorn, Richard A. Bradley. SMFD - Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; M. Grasshoff. SWRS - Southwestern Research Station of the American Museum of Natural History, Portal, Arizona; Vincent D. Roth, Wade C. Sherbrooke. TAMU - Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Winfield L. Sterling, D. Allen Dean. TMM -
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