Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Kiel Management of megasite remediation after the
Ki el Schwerin
Schw erin Hamburg Hamburg economic upheaval in Eastern Germany Bremen Bremen Berlin
Hannover Pot sd am Berlin Magdeburg
Düsseldorf Dresden Er f u r t Hannover Pot sd am Wiesbaden – The Bitterfeld case –Magdeburg Mainz – The Bitterfeld case – Saarbrücken
St ut t gar t
München
Düsseldorf Dresden Er f u r t
Presenting: Wiesbaden
Mainz Administrative, organisational and financial issues M. Keil, LAF Saarbrücken Conceptual approach J. Grossmann, GICON St ut t gar t
Integration of research results München H. Weiss, UFZ Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Economical consequences of the collapse of the former GDR – From planned economy to market economy –
• As result of the political and economical collapse of the former GDR, the central-planned economy came to an endInvestment restraint • Market-economy had to be established • Enterprisescontaminated in public ownership had tositesbe transferred to private ownership • Private investors for former state-owned companies had to be found Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Estimated remediation costs for contaminated sites in the former GDR
60
50
40
30
Billion € 20
10
0
1990 1995 2000
Reduction of the estimated remediation costs due to the conceptual approach since the early 90s. Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Remediation costs for contaminated sites in the State of Saxony-Anhalt
3
2,5
2
1,5
Billion € 1
0,5
0 Saxony-Anhalt spent until 2005 Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Remediation costs – obstacle for privatisation ?
Responsibility for process of privatisation public institutions
Combination: privatisation and management of contaminated sites
Main aspects of the approach
financial organisational
Partial or complete Establishment of adequate exemption of investors from management structures liability for residual pollution for site remediation Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle The Bitterfeld case – The European megasite
Mining activities Kiel since 18th century, Schwerin increase in the Hamburg 19th century Bremen considerable Berlin End of 19th changes in the century: groundwater Hannover Magdeburg Pot sd am first regime Bitterfeld-Wolf en settlements of chemical industry, Düsseldorf Dresden mainly Er f u r t chloro chemistry Later: Wiesbaden km 01additional00 Mainz production of Saarbrücken aluminium, pesticides, St ut t gar t fertilizer,
München tensides etc. in total 5000 products Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
EconomicEconomic collapsecollapse ofof thethe regionregion
• Stop of coal production
• Break-down of chlorine chemistry
• 70 % of the jobs lost Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Consequences of the site use
Ecological problems:
• Contaminated groundwater
• Contaminated soil
• Raising groundwater table Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Political decision: Continuous site use instead of demolition
Parallel activities:
• Remediation
• Search for investors
• Industrial production Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Need for parallel consideration of various interests
• Private investors • Federal instances
• Affected public • Recultivation of mining areas
• Communal instances • Groundwater management
• Regional instances Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle Stakeholder organisation in Bitterfeld Source: MDSE Mining pit redevelopment Groundwater remediation (ÖGP) Improvement of infrastructure
BMF FuB
MW MRLU MRLU c MW c StuBA control boards LA LaVw LAF Federal Geol c institution RP supreme c LRA authority SAK competent LMBV MDSE c P-D CPG Goitsche authority competent concept authority developer and project c leader municipalities c c project manager engineer contractors inhabitants contractors investors consultant
Legend: =authority = finance BMF: Federal Ministry of Finance FuB: Manager of Privatisation Contracts on behalf of Federation stakeholder MRLU:State Ministry of Environment LA Geol: Landesamt für Geologie und Bergwesen MW: State Ministry of Economy SAK: special expert group for groundwater problems board LaVw: Landesverwaltungsamt, Dessau by Goitzsche refilling LRA: Landratsamt StuBA: Tax and budget committee c =contract Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Administrative and organisational structures in Saxony-Anhalt today – considering remediation of contaminated sites –
• 2000/2001 transfer of complete responsibility to the State Saxony-Anhalt • Payment of a lump sum of 1 Bill. € for remediation • Establishment of special organisation LAF (State Authority for exemption from residual pollution liability)
Mission: To overcome contamination as obstacle for investment Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Management of contaminated megasites
Financial issues √√
Administrative and organisational issues √√
ConceptualConceptual approachapproach neededneeded Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle Problems at the Bitterfeld megasite raising of groundwater soil and table after groundwater closure of contamination lignite mining due to pits chemical production Abandoned over decades opencast mines City of Greppin City of Bitterfeld
Industrial area
soil and groundwater contamination due to inadequate depositing of Industrial landfills industrial wastes Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle Contamination situation – quaternary / tertiary aquifer
> 100 mill. m3 contaminated groundwater WolfenWolfen
Greppin Groundwater flow direction
Bitterfeld
Quaternary Tertiary aquifer aquifer Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Initial situation 1990
Problem: • Large-scale soil and groundwater contamination • No conceptual approach
Objectives: • Site re-use, new investments • Maintenance of existing industrial areas Conclusion: • Maintenance of industrial site as base for a sustainable site remediation • only „living“ sites provide financial means for long-term remediation Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Conceptual approach to megasite management (1)
1. Crucial point: Assessing the impact of the source in the soil on other recepetors than groundwater
? Impact from soil ? 1 contamination on 1 surface receptors ? Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Conceptual approach to megasite management (2)
2. Crucial point: Assessing the impact of the source in the soil on the already contaminated groundwater (plume)
2 ?
Impact from soil 2 contamination on groundwater ?
Separation of soil and groundwater management Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Separation of groundwater and soil management
Large scale contaminated groundwater acts as independent source
Decoupling of Groundwater groundwater and Soil soil management
Downgradient Risks posed to safety or other receptors / yes remediation Considerable impact no measure on groundwater remediation or site re-use? Decontamination Measures not measures required / not proportionate Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle Remediation Framework Concept Groundwater for the Bitterfeld megasite
Phase 1 and 2 Down gradient and Up gradient Hydraulic safety measures Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle Remediation Framework Concept Groundwater for the Bitterfeld megasite
Phase 3 and 4 Source and plume Decontami- nation measures Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Sequence “Bayer”
Down gradient hydraulic safety measures Sequence ”Greppin” protected groundwater body
(preconditions for separation of soil and groundwater Sequence “Bitterfeld” management achieved) Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
GroundwaterGroundwater treatmenttreatment inin BitterfeldBitterfeld Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Interlinking remediation and site development (1)
CORUS at the Bitterfeld megasite
before
after Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Interlinking remediation and site development (2)
MILTITZ AROMATICS at the Bitterfeld megasite
MDP => DRECO, MILTITZ AROMATICS
before
after Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
The industrial site Chemiepark Bitterfeld-Wolfen before and today
About 10.000 jobs; Operation of selected components of the existing chemical industry (before 1990) was continued New industries was established on-site e.g.: Akzo Nobel Chemicals GmbH Ausimont GmbH Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH BNT Chemicals GmbH Degussa AG Heraeus GmbH Hüls Indulor Chemie GmbH Miltitz Aromatics GmbH Qcells GmbH Sidra Wasserchemie GmbH UmesterungsWerke GmbH Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle MegasitesMegasites inin EasternEastern GermanyGermany
Stralsund
Rostock Wismar
Schwedt Erdöl-Erdgas Gommern Region Oranienburg
Stadt Berlin Industrie Brandenburg -gebiet Spree Magdeburg- Rothensee
Bitterfeld-Wolfen Mansfelder BASF Land Lautawerk Buna Südharz Leuna SOW Dresden Böhlen Coschütz/ Kali Zeitz Gittersee Werra Rositz Saxonia Freiberg Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle Verification of the conceptual approach at EU-level and compliance check with EU-WFD
The WELCOME-project 2000-2004
Goal: Development of a guideline for the management of contaminated megasites characterised by a large-scale groundwater contamination
Landesanstalt für Altlastenfreistellung
The conceptual approach was successfully applied to other European megasites and transformed into a guideline Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Complexity of the problem requires cooperation with research institutions
Integration of R&D results into megasite management
- SAFIRA – Research project; 15 partners - funded by Federal Ministry of Research and Education - co-financing by LAF - first phase 1999 – 2004 - second phase 2005 – 2009 - decision support system as input to management system Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle Example: Making the case for Natural Attenuation traditional approach (i.e. Wiedemeier, U.S. EPA): • contaminant decrease • geochemical footprints • microbiological footprints
in addition, more recent & promising approaches: i. metabolites ii. stable isotopes iii. multi-level sampling iv. BACtraps v. integrated pumping tests, mass fluxes vi. modelling vii. ... Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle NA in Bitterfeld: Tertiary aquifer below the City
Meters 0 250 500 1,000
BVV3021 BVV3022
BVV5252 BVV5232 BVV3032 BVV5231 BVV3031 BVV5251 BVV5242 BVV5241 GOI662 BVV1251 BVV1252 BVV092 Industrial Area BVV3061 BVV3062 BVV1301 BVV1302 BVV1242 City of Bitterfeld BVV1311BVV1241 Goitsche BVV5261 BVV5262 LK342 BVV3072 BVV3071 BVV1291 BVV1292 BVV3041 BVV3042 BVV1281 BVV3051 BVV3052 BVV1232 GOI897 GOI898 BVV1231 GOI813 GOI814 GOI816 GOI819 SAF16 SAF37
LK351 GOI811 BVV100 GOI809 Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle Approximation of NA-efficacy Estimation of degradation rate in the field
1. NAtotal= ln [contaminant] vs. distance (“bulk attenuation rate”)
2. Normalized using tracer (e.g., chloride) (“degradation rate“)
lnC Halflives [y]: Cl- PCE TTBRelatively long! TCE PCA TCE 8.7 7.7 PCE 8.5 13.4 PCA 8.9 4.6 Benzene 16.8 10.3 Toluene 9.8 MCB 10.0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 [m] Kaschl et al., 2004 Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Interactions between ground- and surface water Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Strengbach - discharge of contaminated groundwater
0,04 0,4 cis-DCE
CB ] g
Input cis-DCE k ] g/ l / 0,03 Input CB 0,3 m g m on [ i t on [ a i t r t a r n t
n 0,02 0,2 once c once c nput 0,01 0,1 i
0 0 -250 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 distance[m]
Disappearance or decontamination? Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Biodegradation of chlorobenzene (green), cis- and trans-dichloroethene (red and yellow) 120
100 Lab and field experiments could prove and quantify 80 rates of biodegradation and make temporarily 60 discharge acceptable for [µM] authorities. 40 Input for ongoing projects 20 using wetlands for decontamination 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 time [h] Landesanstalt für Centre for Environmental Altlastenfreistellung Großmann Ingenieur Consult GmbH Dresden Research Leipzig-Halle
Sum: 1.2 mg L-1
Sum: 4.2 mg L-1
Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene m/p Xylene o Xylene
Engineering of Natural Attenuation to manage regional contamination ! Sum: 0.57 mg L-1