E4566 v3 REV
Public Disclosure Authorized Guilin Integrated Environment Management Project of the World Bank Funded
Public Disclosure Authorized Comprehensive Environment Impact Assessment Report
Public Disclosure Authorized
Prepared by: The Environment Protection Science Academy of
Public Disclosure Authorized Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
Certificate No.: Guohuanpinzheng Jiazi No. 2902
Date: June 2014 Comprehensive EIA Report Guilin Integrated Table of Contents Environment Management Project of the World Bank
Funded
Table of Contents
ABBREVIATIONS ...... 1
1 FOREWORD ...... 2
1.1 OVERALL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT ...... 2 1.2 OVERVIEW OF THE COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT REPORT ...... 3 1.3 SCOPE AND TIME SECTION OF ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT, AND THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TARGETS ...... 5 1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT FACTORS AND ASSESSMENT FACTORS ...... 7 1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND RULE DOCUMENTS ...... 9
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 14
2.1 PROJECT COMPOSITION, INVESTMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE ...... 14 2.2 PROJECT INVESTMENT AND FUND RAISING ...... 18 2.3 TECHNICAL FEATURES ...... 18 2.4 THE PROJECT ORGANIZATION AGENCIES & IMPLEMENTATION AGENCIES ...... 44 2.5 DUE DILIGENCE STUDY OF THE LINKED PROJECTS ...... 45
3 CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL STATUS ...... 47
3.1 OVERVIEW OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 47 3.2 SOCIAL OVERVIEW ...... 52 3.3 CURRENT STATUS AND PLAN OF WATER SUPPLY ...... 54 3.4 CURRENT STATUS AND PLANNING OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM ...... 58 3.5 CURRENT SLUDGE DISPOSAL STATUS AND PLAN ...... 67 3.6 SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT ON CURRENT ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ...... 71 3.7 MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVE POINTS ...... 98
4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS ...... 103
4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION PERIOD ...... 103 4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS IN THE OPERATION PERIOD ...... 115 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT ...... 127 4.4 ACCUMULATED IMPACT ANALYSIS...... 130 4.5 LONG-TERM IMPACTS OF SLUDGE UTILIZATION ...... 132 4.6 APPLICATION OF WORLD BANK’S ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SANITATION GUIDELINES ...... 134
5 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 137
5.1 PURPOSES, METHODS AND SCOPE ...... 137 5.2 INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ...... 137 5.3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION SURVEY ...... 145
6 THE ANALYSIS OF THE ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS ...... 160
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Comprehensive EIA Report Guilin Integrated Table of Contents Environment Management Project of the World Bank
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6.1 PURPOSES AND PRINCIPLES OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ...... 160 6.2 ZERO OPTION ANALYSIS ...... 160 6.3 THE ANALYSIS OF THE ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS OF WATER SUPPLY COMPONENT ...... 162 6.4 ANALYSIS OF THE ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS OF THE DRAINAGE COMPONENT ...... 162 6.5 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SLUDGE DISPOSAL OPTIONS ...... 169
7 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ...... 176
7.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 176 7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 177 7.3 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN ...... 177 7.4 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT TRAINING PLAN ...... 178 7.5 THE REPORTING MECHANISM FOR THE EMP ...... 179
8 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FOR SLUDGE DISPOSAL COMPONENT ...... 176
8.1 LOCATION CRITERIA ...... 176 8.2 EIA PERPARATION ...... 177 8.3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ...... 177 8.4 APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ...... 178
9 CONCLUSIONS ...... 182
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Comprehensive EIA Report Guilin Integrated Abbreviations Environment Management Project of the World Bank
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Abbreviations
(1) DC: Drainage Company
(2) DRC: Development and Reform Committee
(3) EA: Environment Assessment
(3) EHS: Environment Health Safety
(4) EIA: Environment Impact Assessment
(5) EP: Environment Protection
(6) EPA: Environment Protection Ageny
(7) EPB : Environment Protection Bureau
(8) PIU: Project Implementation Unit
(9) PMO: Project Management Office
(10) PS: Pumping Station
(11) WSC: Water Supply Company
(12) WWTP: Wastewater Treatment Plant
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
1 Foreword
1.1 Overall Background of the Project
1.1.1 Significance of the Project Guilin is a world famous scenic tourist city and a famous historic and cultural city. The city is located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, at the south end of Hunan-Guilin Corridor, and borders Hunan Province in the east and north. Hunan-Guilin Railway runs through the Lijiang River, Guizhou-Guangzhou Express Railway in construction passes through the whole city, and national highways 321, 322 and 323 pass by the city. Located at 109°36′~111°29′ east longitude and 24°15′~26°23′ north latitude, the city has an average latitude of 150m, and its north and south sides have a common boundary with Hunan Province, its west and southwest sides are connected with Laibin City, and its south and southeast sides are connected with Wuzhou City and Hezhou City. At present, Guilin has a population of around 750,000 in downtown area, and a financial revenue of around RMB Y12 billion. According to the spirit of the Decision on Accelerating to Promote the Leap-forward Development of the Autonomous Region’s Urbanization and the supporting document (GZ [2011] No. 30) and the Outline of Overall Urban Planning of Guilin (2010-2020) promulgated by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Party Committee and People’s Government, Guilin will grow into a megalopolis with an urban population of up to 12,000,000, and completed urban area of around 100 km2 in the upcoming 5 years. In order to realize this objective, we must strengthen the construction of municipal infrastructure, provide guarantee for the city’s development, and raise the bearing capacity of infrastructure. According to the Statistical Yearbook 2008-2012 of Guilin, the tourist population in the city increased from 8,577,000 persons in 2008 to 13,610,000 persons in 2012, maintaining a growth rate of 8%~19%, and annual average growth rate of 11.67%. Obviously, the tourist population in urban area of Guilin has grown stably year after year. The master planning determines the nature of this city to be: an international scenic tourist city, national famous historic and cultural city, China’s landscape city, and regional center city in the north of Guilin and in surrounding areas. Along with the constant perfection of urban construction and supporting service facilities, as well as the expansion of Liangjiang International Airport, tourist population will further grow in future. According to the Communique of Guilin Environmental Status 2012, the water quality of the Lijiang River was good in Xing’an County section, Lingchuan County section, urban area section, and Yangsuo County section etc. The concentration of pollutants was at a relatively low level, and various monitoring and assessment indicators were completely up to standard. The water quality of other trunk and branch streams was also up to standard. As concerning the water quality of the city’s centralized drinking water sources, except for coli group which was out of standard at different levels, other monitoring and assessment items were up to national class I-III surface water quality standards. As concerning the water of scenic lakes and ponds in urban area, except for that total nitrogen and total phosphor exceed the
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
protection criteria of Class-IV water function areas, the other assessment items were up to protection criteria. Except for Fanglian Pond of which the water nutrition status was of lightly eutrophic, the other five lakes and ponds had intermediate nutrition of water. Along with urban construction and the increase of population and tourists, pollutants will increase constantly, so the control of water environment pollutions is still a key work. Guilin will use the World Bank loan for the integrated environmental management project, including water supply component, wastewater and sludge component, water environment monitoring and pollution control components, in order to raise the development level of water supply and environmental health service in Guilin, improve the investment environment of Guilin still better, promote the accelerated development of the urban and rural economic society of Guilin, and produce good social benefit, environmental benefit and economic benefit. Guilin is an under-developed western city, and has weak industrial foundation, limited financial revenue, and shortage of fund, therefore it has extremely important significance to construct infrastructure, strengthen comprehensive environmental renovation, and improve ecological environment by making use of the loan of the World Bank. 1.1.2 Contribution of the World Bank The World Bank has ever had good cooperation with Guilin in terms of urban environment construction, and made positive contributions to improving some urban environmental infrastructure and raising the level of urbanization. From 1998 to 2008, investments of RMB Y414 million were completed for the Comprehensive Environmental Renovation of Lijiang River in Guilin --- a World Bank Financed Project in Guilin, including USD22.97 million World Bank loan. The project is divided into four types, namely wastewater treatment, water supplementation to the Lijiang River, community improvement, and institution strengthening. Under the comprehensive environmental renovation project of the Lijiang River in Guilin, Qintan trunk wastewater pipe project and supporting project have been completed, and up to 4.9km rain-wastewater pipeline and Mantoushan Wastewater Pumping station have been constructed in Qintan area; Guihu Lake, Ronghu Lake and Shanhu Lake have been subject to dredging, wastewater interception, and water diversion into lake; 2630hm2 artificial forest has been constructed within 10km scope at both banks of the Lijiang River with the seedling, fertilizers and other goods purchased with the World Bank loan; around 38km protective riverbanks have been constructed at both sides of the Lijiang River section. The better projects, like Tiexi Residential District and Yangsuo Residential District, etc. in Xiangshan District have also been completed. In addition, a batch of projects has been completed, including Beichong Wastewater Collection System, Urban Garbage Transport System, Wulixia Lijiang River Water Supplementation, Lingui Wastewater Collection System Pipeline Network, and Yangsuo Basha Oxidation Pond, etc. The completion of these projects have extremely greatly improved the environment status of Lijiang River, and actively promoted the development of tourism industry in Guilin.
1.2 Overview of the Comprehensive Environment Assessment Report
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
1.2.1 The Objective of Environmental Assessment In accordance with the regulations of the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection, and the Notification on Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction Projects with Loan of International Financial Organizations, and the requirements of the World Bank Safeguard Policies, as well as domestic and the World Bank’s environmental impact assessment procedures, the project gives comments on the positive environmental impact brought about by the implementation of this project, identifies, screens, predicts and analyzes the possible negative impact, brings forward pertinent and effective mitigation measures and environment management plan aiming at unavoidable major negative impacts, provides an evidence for the World Bank to independently assess the project, and provides an evidence for the decision making and management of the government’s comprehensive management and environment management department. 1.2.2 Category and Assessment Grade of the Comprehensive Environment Assessment Report In accordance with the regulations of the Notification on Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment for Construction Projects with Loan of International Financial Organizations (HJ [1993] No. 324 Document)issued by the ministries and commissions including the State Environmental Protection Administration, etc., and the regulations of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies OP4.01 Environmental Assessment, and combining with the identification and screening result of environmental assessment factors for the project, we have determined that, the environmental assessment of the project is of Category A. Therefore, the contents and scope of this comprehensive environment assessment (CEA) report is based on the requirements for Category A projects. For the grading of project EIA, please refer to Table 1.2-1. The basis for determining the EIA grading are shown as below: (1) HJ/T2.2-2008 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment ---Atmospheric Environment (2) HJ/T2.3-93 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment ---Surface Water Environment (3) HJ/T2.4-2009 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment --- Acoustical Environment (4) HJ/T19-2011 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment --- Non-polluted Ecological Impact Table 1.2-1 Work Grade of Environmental Impact Assessment for Each Component Atmospheric Surface Water Acoustical Non-polluted No. Component name Environment Environment Environment Ecology 1 Water supply Grade three Grade three Grade three Brief analysis
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
component
2 Wastewater component Grade three Grade three Grade three Brief analysis Sludge disposal 3 Grade three Grade three Grade three Brief analysis component *Note: Brief analysis is just to briefly analyze, but not quantitatively predict, the environmental impact, since the assessment work is of grade three for the project according to the recognition result of environmental impact, and the regulations of the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment.
1.2.3 Preparation for Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report Guilin World Bank Financed Integrated Environment Management Project Management Office (hereinafter called “PMO”) , after executing related procedures like project survey and capability assessment, etc., has entrusted Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection (SRAGEP) to prepare the Comprehensive Environmental Assessment (CEA) Report on the Guilin Integrated Environmental Management Project with the World Bank Loan. After accepting entrustment, the assessment unit has collected, sorted out and researched related materials, surveyed the proposed construction site for some components and surrounding environmental status, carried out preliminary analysis on each component’s construction nature, content, scale, process, main polluting factors, and possible environmental impact, etc., and prepared the Comprehensive Environmental Assessment Report on the Guilin Integrated Environmental Management Project with the World Bank Loan in accordance with Chinese Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment, and the detailed regulations on environmental assessment in the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies.
1.3 Scope and Time Section of Environment Assessment, and the
Environment Protection Targets
1.3.1 Scope of Environmental Assessment The comprehensive EIA of this project are: (1) According to the requirements of the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment, and based on the proposed grade of assessment work, each component’s assessment scope is taken as the basic scope of integrated environmental assessment for this project; (2) If some environmental protection target (sensitive point)or any target cared by the World Bank’s safeguard policies is close to the basic assessment scope, they shall be taken into the assessment scope; (3) The elements and matters having direct relevance with or potential impact on the project (such as the dams in the upstream and downstream of the river, the ground water structure
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
unit, and the material cultural resources with certain historic value, etc.) shall be taken into assessment scope; The EIA scope for various types of components is as shown in Table 1.3-1. Table 1.3-1 Basic scope of Environmental Assessment for the Project Components Assessment scope Component No. Acoustical Non-polluted type Air Surface Water Ground water Environment Ecology The same The proposed The assessment scope 200m in the ground water 200m in the Water booster pump is determined vicinity of the structure units in vicinity of the Supply station site, and according to project site of booster the vicinity of site of booster 1 Network & 300m at both sides characteristics and pump station the proposed pump station site, Boosting of pipeline during environmental site, and 50m at factory site and and 50m at both PS construction function of receiving both sides of at both sides of sides of pipeline period water body. pipeline pipeline The same 200m in the 200m in the 1km in the vicinity The assessment scope ground water vicinity of the vicinity of the of proposed is determined WWTPs, structure units in proposed factory proposed factory factory site, and according to project Wastewater the vicinity of site, and 50m at site, and 50m at 2 300m at both sides characteristics and Network, the proposed both sides of both sides of of pipeline during environmental & PSs factory site and pipeline during pipeline during construction function of receiving at both sides of construction construction period water body. pipeline period period The same Sensitive points 100m at both sides The assessment scope 100m at both ground water at the boundary of sludge is determined sides of sludge structure units in of and in the transportation line, according to project transport line, Sludge the vicinity of vicinity of the 4 and 2.5km in the characteristics and and 2.5km in the Disposal the proposed factory area, and vicinity of the site environmental vicinity of the factory site and along the sludge of sludge disposal function of receiving sludge disposal at both sides of transportation factory water body. factory site pipeline line
1.3.2 Time Section of Environmental Assessment The comprehensive environmental assessment report of this project mainly analyzes and assesses the two time sections, namely construction period and operation period of the project. 1.3.3 Environmental Protection Targets (Sensitive Points) According to domestic laws and rules on environmental impact assessment, and the regulations of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies, the environmental protection targets (sensitive points) cared in the environmental assessment of this project mainly includes: (1) Special protection areas: the areas needing special protection, as regulated and planned by the country, or approved by people’s government of above county level, such as drinking
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
water source protection zone, natural reserves, famous scenic sites, ecological function protection areas, basic farmland protection areas, key prevent and control areas of water loss and soil erosion, forest parks, geological parks, world heritage places, and key cultural relic protection units, etc.; (2) Ecological sensitive areas: Areas in serious shortage of water, habitats of rare animals and plants, and aquatic organisms, spawning sites of fishes and shrimps, important wetlands, and natural fishing grounds; (3) Areas of social concern: Population gathering areas, cultural education areas, centralized office areas of party and political institutions, health resorts, and hospitals, etc.; (4) Material and cultural resources, including the existing ones, such as remarkable cultural relics, temples with historic and cultural value, local representative folk houses, ancestral halls, ancient tombs, religious monuments, cultural sites, and ancient trees, etc.
1.4 Environmental Impact Factors and Assessment Factors
1.4.1 Environmental Pollution Type Analysis The project involves three types of components: (1) water supply component (water supply boosting pumping station and water supply pipelines), (2) drainage component (urban domestic wastewater treatment, network, and pumping station), and (3) sludge disposal type. According to different types of environmental impact, mainly the impact during construction period and operation period, they are analyzed as follows: 1.4.1.1 Water Supply Component The pollutant generation and discharge sections of the water supply booster station and water supply pipeline mainly include: Construction period: (1) Waste gases: The dust raised from construction, and vehicle transportation, etc.; (2) Waste water: Waste water during construction period mainly includes construction personnel’s domestic wastewater, and oil-contained waste water from construction machinery; the polluting factors are mainly CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, petroleum, and SS. (3) Solid wastes: Building garbage, earthwork originated from excavation and filling, and construction personnel’s domestic garbage, etc.; (4) Noise: Noises of construction vehicle and machinery, etc. Operation period: Noise: Noises from the operation of various pumps in the pumping stations. 1.4.1.2 Drainage Component The pollutant generation and discharging sections of urban domestic wastewater treatment, pipeline network and pumping stations mainly include:
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
Construction period: (1) Waste gases: The dust raised from construction, and vehicle transportation, etc.; (2) Waste water: Waste water during construction period mainly includes construction personnel’s domestic wastewater, and oil-contained waste water from construction machinery; the polluting factors are mainly CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, petroleum, and SS. (3) Solid wastes: Building garbage, earthwork originated from excavation and filling, and construction personnel’s domestic garbage, etc.; (4) Noise: Noises of construction vehicle and machinery, etc. Operation period (1) Waste water: Waste water in factory area mainly includes the supernatant of sludge thickening tank, the filtrate of sludge dewatering machine, and employees’ domestic wastewater. Such wastewater still contains a relatively high content of organic pollutants, and will be sent back to intake pump house through the wastewater pipeline in the factory, and then be treated over again in the wastewater treatment system. (2) Waste gases: Waste gases mainly include the odor dissipated from wastewater treatment, and the odor emanated from sludge. The fetor discharge facilities in WWTP mainly includes grating and intake pump house, sand basin, biological reaction tank, sludge thickening tank and sludge dewatering machine room, etc.. The discharge method is unorganized discharge.
The main components in odor are hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3), etc.. (3) Solid waste: The structures like regulation reservoir, sedimentation basin, aeration tank, and SBR reaction tank, etc., after operating for a period, will produce sludge, which shall be cleared out. (4) Noise: The main high-noise equipment during operation of WWTP includes wastewater lifting pump, sludge lifting pump, air blower, etc.. 1.4.1.3 Sludge Disposal Type Construction period: (1) Waste gases: The dust raised from construction, and vehicle transportation, etc.; (2) Waste water: Waste water during construction period mainly includes construction personnel’s domestic wastewater, and oil-contained waste water from construction machinery; the polluting factors are mainly CODCr, ammonia nitrogen, petroleum, and SS. (3) Solid wastes: Building garbage, earthwork originated from excavation and filling, and construction personnel’s domestic garbage, etc.; (4) Noise: Noises of construction vehicle and machinery, etc. Operation period: (1) Waste water: Cleaning water of sludge transport vehicles, which are cleaned at each WWTP. The waste water generated is drained into the wastewater treatment system of each
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
WWTP. (2) Waste gases: SO2, NOx, Dioxin, acidic gases, and foul gases dissipated from sludge. (3) Solid wastes: Mainly employees’ domestic garbage. (4) Noise: Noise generated from sludge transport vehicles. 1.4.2 Identification Result of Environmental Impact Factors According to the above analysis, and combining with the type and characteristics of this project, the environmental impact recognized of different components is as shown in Table 1.4-1. Table 1.4-1 Screening Result of EIA Factors for the Project Components Environmental Assessment Factors Component No. Ecological Environmental Ground Acoustical Solid type Surface Water Environment Air Water Environment Wastes Plant boundary Construction Water Land use, pH value, SS, BOD, noise; spoil, 1 supply TSP - vegetation COD and NH3-Ns Construction excess component noise sludge Land use, vegetation Construction TSP,, H S, pH value, SS, BOD5, Traffic noise Drainage Natural 2 spoil, 2 NH , bad COD, NH3-Ns, TP and - Construction component habitat 3 substrate small fecal coliform group noise Water and soil sludge loss Plant boundary TSP, H S, pH value, SS, BOD5, Sludge 2 Noise 3 - NH , bad COD, NH3-Ns, TP and - - disposal 3 Construction small fecal coliform group noise
1.5 Environmental Policy and Rule Documents
1.5.1 Environmental Protection Laws and Rules (1) The Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China (1989); (2) Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution (2000); (3) Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution (2008); (4) Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Noise Pollution (1996); (5) Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes (2004);
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
(6) Cleaner Production Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China (2009); (7) The Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People’s Republic of China (2003); (8) Law of The People’s Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation (1991); (9) Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (Revised in 1998); (10) Urban and Rural Planning Law of the People’s Republic of China (2008); (11)Water Law of the People’s Republic of China (2002); (12) Flood Control Law of the People’s Republic of China (1997); (13) No. 257 Order of the State Council --- Regulations on the Protection of Basic Farmland (Dec. 27, 1998); (14) No. 253 Order of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China --- Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project Environmental Protection (1999); (15) No. 14 Order of the State Environmental Protection Administration --- Classified Directory for Environmental Management of Construction Project (Jan. 1, 2003); (16) State Environmental Protection Administration (HF [2004] No. 59) Technology and Policy of Eutrophic Lake’s Prevention ; (17) Regulations on Implementing the Law of The People’s Republic of China on Water and Soil Conservation (1993); (18) Production Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (June 29, 2002); (19) State Environmental Protection Administration (HF 2006[No. 28]) Interim Measures for the Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (Feb. 14, 2006); (20) GF〔2005〕No. 39 Decision of the State Council on Implementing the Scientific Concept of Development and Stepping up Environmental Protection (Dec. 14, 2005); (21) Overall Emergency Preplan for National Sudden Public Incidents (2006); (22) Regulations of the People’s Republic of China Governing the Administration of River (1988); (23)Water Function Zoning of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (2002); (24) Regulations on Environmental Protection of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (2006); (25)Regulations on Agricultural Environmental Protection of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (2006); (26) Measures for Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to Implement the Regulations on Prevention and Control of Environmental Noise of the People's Republic of China (1993); (27) Circular of the State Council on Accomplishing the Recent Work Focus on Building a Resource Efficient Society (2005);
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
(28) Announcement on Issuing the Bill of Amendments to the
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
(4) TJ36-79 Sanitary Standard for the Design of Industrial Enterprises (The Highest Permissible Concentration of Harmful Substances in the Air of Residential Areas). The environmental quality standards and assessment factors adopted for the environmental impact assessment of each component are as shown in Table 1.5-1. Table 1.5-1 Environmental Quality Standards & Assessment Factors by the Project EIA Grade No. Standard name Assessment factors (type) GB3095-1996 Ambient Air Quality 1 Grade two TSP, SO , NO Standards 2 2 TJ36-79 Sanitary Standard for the 2 - H S, NH Design of Industrial Enterprises 2 3 pH value, SS, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, BOD5, Nh3-N, volatile phenol, arsenic, mercury, GB3838-2002 Quality Standards of Class Ⅲ, 3 hexavalent chrome, lead, cadmium, petroleum, total Surface Water Environment Ⅳ phosphorus, anionic surface active agent, fecal coliform group GB3096-2008 Quality Standards of 4 Class 2 Equivalent sound level Acoustical Environment
1.5.8 Pollutants Discharge Control Standards (1) GB16297-1996 Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants ; (2) GB14554-93 Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants ; (3) GB8978-1996 Integrated Waste Water Discharge Standard ; (4) GB18918-2002 Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP; (5) CJ3082-1999 Discharge Standard For Municipal Sewerage System (6) GB12523-2011 Noise limit for Construction Site ; (7) GB12348-2008 Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary ; (8) GB18599-2001 Standards for Pollution Control on the Storage and Disposal Site for General Industrial Solid Wastes; (9) GB 5085.3-2007 Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes- Identification for Extraction Toxicity The pollutants discharge control standards and assessment factors adopted for the environmental impact assessment of the project are as shown in Table 1.5-2. For the detailed limiting value of each standard executed, please refer to the §3.4 of the report, and §1 of Environmental Management Plan. Table 1.5-2 The Pollutants Discharge Control Standards & Assessment Factors by the Project EIA No. Standard name Grade (type) Assessment factors GB16297-1996 Integrated Emission Standard of Air Unorganized 1 TSP Pollutants emissions
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 1 Foreword Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
2 GB14554-93 Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants Grade two H2S, NH3, odor GB8978-1996 Integrated Waste Water Discharge Grade one, pH value, SS, COD, BOD5 NH3-N, 3 Standard grade three anionic surface active agent GB12348-2008 Emission Standard for Industrial 4 Class II Equivalent sound level Enterprises Noise at Boundary 5 GB12523-90 Noise limit for Construction Site - Equivalent sound level
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EIA Master Report of Integrated Guilin Urban 2 Project Descriptions Environment Management of the World Bank Funded
2 Project Descriptions
2.1 Project Composition, Investment and Implementation Schedule
2.1.1 Project Composition
Component 1: Guilin City Water Supply Network
The purpose of this component is to meet the increasing water demand for production and domestic use in the urbanization process; and lift the reliability of urban water supply safety for Guilin City. The main engineering contents are: (i) Build a new DN500-DN1600 water supply network with a total length of 37 km; (ii) Build a new boosting pumping station in Jichang Road (40,000 m3/d in the short run); (iii) Procure instruments for water quality monitoring and equipment for routine network overhauling so as to lift the urban water supply safety; (iv) Set up the comprehensive water supply operation platform.
Component 2: The Upgrading of the City Wastewater Treatment Plants, Drainage Pumping Stations, and the Urban Drainage Network
The purpose of this component is to improve the efficacy of the WWTPs and the drainage pumping stations so as to ensure the working and highly efficient operation of the WWTPs and the pumping stations; improve the wastewater collection rate; reduce the energy consumption for treatment; and mitigate the impact of the treatment facilities to the ambient environment. The main contents are as follows:
1. The Upgrading of the Urban WWTPs
The component is to upgrade the existing WWTPs with higher standard; renew some equipment; and renovate the deodorization and sludge dewatering facilities. Specifically: (i) Upgrading Shangyao WWTP with a treatment capacity of 145,000 m3/d, including raising the treatment standard, renewing some treatment plants, and renovating the odor collection and treatment, and sludge dewatering facilities; (ii) Upgrading Qilidian WWTP with a treatment capacity of 60,000 m3/d (the treatment capacity will be reduced from 60,000m3/d to 45,000 m3/d), including raising the treatment standard, renewing some treatment plants, and renovating the odor collection and treatment, and sludge dewatering facilities; (iii) Upgrading Beichong WWTP with a treatment capacity of 30,000 m3/d, including raising the treatment standard, and renovating the inlet pumping station; the odor collection and treatment, and
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sludge dewatering facilities; (iv) Upgrading Yanshan WWTP with a treatment capacity of 20,000 m3/d, including raising the treatment standard, and renovating the odor collection and treatment facilities; and (v) the deodorization of the bio-tank of Lingui WWTP with a treatment capacity of 30,000 m3/d.
2. The Upgrading of the Drainage Pumping Stations in the Urban Areas
It includes the renovation of the equipment (screen, water pumps, electrical and auto –regulation) and the odor collection and treatment of 18 existing wastewater pumping stations and 2 storm water pumping stations
3. The Upgrading of the City Drainage Network
This mainly includes: (i) patching or renewing the wastewater gravity pipes of DN300~DN120 over a total length of 34.6 km in the urban area of Guilin (including manholes); patching or renewing the wastewater pressure pipes of DN600 over a total length of 5.5 km in the urban area of Guilin; (ii) building new wastewater pipes of DN500~DN800 over a total length of 1.7 km in Eastern Block of Bali Street Lingchuan; and (iii) building new sewer pipes for DN300~DN1200 over a total length of 12.3 km long in the old town of Lingui.
4. Equipment for Water Quality Monitoring and Network Management and Maintenance
The purpose is to strengthen and lift the performance of Guilin Municipal Drainage Company on water quality (including sludge) monitoring and maintenance of the drainage network. It includes: (i) procuring water quality (including sludge) monitoring equipment for daily monitoring and management; (ii) procuring pipe maintenance equipment, including detecting (including intelligent robot and detecting system), blocking and dredging equipment; and (iii) conducting survey of the drainage network and establishing network information system for the daily maintenance and management.
Component 3: Sludge Disposal Plant
The purpose of this component is to ensure the disposal of the sludge generated at the WWTPs is in a non-hazardous and recycling way. The design for sludge disposal includes 130t/d of sludge for composting and 20t/d for solar drying. The dewatered sludge from all WWTPs of Guilin city will be put together to be disposed either through composting or drying and finally be used for landscaping.
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Component 4: Water Environment Monitoring and Pollution Source Management Information System (MIS) of Guilin City
The main contents of this component are: (i) establishing and improving Guilin water environment monitoring MIS; (ii) establishing pollution source MIS for the environmental protection authorities; (iii) conducting a pollution source analysis study for the pollution source catchment areas of Lijiang Basin (Guilin Urban Area)
Component 5: Capacity Building and Project Implementation Support
The component includes: (i) hiring professional consultant (firm) to help the PMO with project management, including reviewing the detailed design and bidding documents, project management, construction supervision and management, monitoring the implementation of social and environmental safeguard measures, establishing the project monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system, evaluating, reporting and preparing the project completion report; (ii) conducting training on the PMO and the project implementation units (PIUs) staff and organizing the study tours concerned; and (iii) procurement of the office equipment/facilities for the PMO and PIUs.
The distribution of project components may be referred in Fig 2.1-2 on next page.
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Legends Wastewater lifting PS Drinking Water Boosting PS WWTP
Drainage Pipeline Water Supply Pipeline
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2.2 Project Investment and Fund Raising
The physical investment of this project is RMB Y 846.48 million; the price contingency is RMB Y 47.90 million; the interest during the construction period is RMB Y 53.31 million; the front-end fee is RMB Y 1.51 million, and the working capital is RMB Y 5.55 million. The total project investment is RMB Y 954.74 million. Specifically described as follows: The investment for water supply network is RMB Y 221.08 million; the first part for construction is RMB Y180.46 million; and RMB Y 20.52 million for the second part for construction miscellaneous. Contingencies (project reserve fund) amount to RMB Y20.10 million.
The investment for upgrading the WWTPs and PSs in the urban area, and city drainage network is RMB Y 492.34 million ,the first part cost for construction is RMB Y401.44 million ; and RMB Y 46.14 million for the second part as construction miscellaneous and the contingency (project reserve fund) of RMB Y 44.76 million. The investment for sludge disposal is RMB Y 114.00 million, the first part cost for construction is RMB Y 85.84 million; and RMB Y 17.80 million as the second part for construction miscellaneous and the contingency (project reserve fund) is RMB Y 10.36 million
The investment for water environment monitoring MIS and pollution source MIS is RMB Y 7.00 million.
The investment for capacity building and project implementation support is RMB Y 12. 06 million.
The project financing plan is as follows:
（1）US $ 100 million from the World Bank loan (equivalent to RMB Y 603.00 million , (exchange rate: US$ 1=RMB Y 6.1357; deducting front-end fee RMB Y 1.51 million , the actual funding required is RMB Y 601.49 million .
（2）Domestic funds amounting to RMB Y 351.74 million. The domestic funds will be provided from the local finance, which meets the relevant regulations of the State Council and can meet the requirement of the World Bank on project funding.
2.3 Technical Features
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2.3.1 Water Supply Engineering
2.3.1.1 Process Design for the Boosting Pumping Station
The boosting pumping station (PS) of Airport Road is to supply water to Lingui New Area with a capacity of 80,000m3/d. The equipment selected for the short-run is for the water supply capacity of 40,000m3/d. The boosting PS is composed of one clean water tank, one boosting pumping house, one Chlorination room and Chlorine storage room, and one power transformation and distribution room etc.
1. Clean Water Tanks
As per the Code, GB 50013-2006, the volume of the clean water tank could be defined as 10%~20% of the designed maximum water supply quantity of the water supply plant: 8.0×104×（10%~20%）=8000~16000 m3. Considering the land use scope of the PS, two sets of clean water tanks are designed; in which, the plan dimension of 1# tank is 54.85×65.2m with 4.0 m effective water depth and 14,000 m3effective volume and that of 2# tank is 4.85×97.2m with 4.0 m effective water depth and 21,000 m3 effective volume. The clean water tanks are reinforced concrete structure.
2. Boosting Pumping House
The civil works of the boosting pumping house is designed with a water supply capacity of 80,000m3/d, with hourly variation coefficient as 1.35 for Year 2025 and 1.3 in the long run. The plant is installed, for the short run, with a capacity of 40,000m3/d. In order to satisfy the network pressure variation, all pumps are driven by variable speed drives. Besides, as there is still some extra pressure remaining for the pipeline from Chengdong Area to the boosting PS at Jichang Road, an in-line pump (piping pump) will be installed in the boosting PS so as to directly increase the network pressure but to avoid energy waste due to a pressure break. Apart from the in-line pump, all boosting pumps will be selected as the type of horizontal shaft, double suction, split casing centrifugal pumps. 3 pumps will be installed for the short run. A suction chamber will be constructed on the north side of the PS with net plan dimensions 24.0m ×5.0m and depth 7.60m, of reinforced concrete structure.
3. Power Transformation & Distribution Room
The power transformation & distribution/control room is above ground and combined with the pumping house. Its plan dimensions are 29.8m×11.8m with a net height of 8.5m and of
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brick-concrete structure.
4. Chlorination Room and Chlorine Storage
The inflow of the boosting PS to be built in Jichang Road mainly comes from Chengbei Water Treatment Plant (WTP) and Shangyao WTP. Chengbei WTP is about 14 km away from the boosting PS of Jichang Road, and the distance from the PS to the farthest point of Lingui is more than 10 km. In order to ensure there is Chlorine remained at the pipe end of the water supply network within the water supply scope of Lingui New Area, Chlorination facility is installed at the PS of Jichang Road.
5. Supporting Buildings
The main building is a comprehensive admin one, and within the building, there are watch room, staff lounge, bathroom, and machine repairing room. As Guilin Municipal Water Supply Company is planning to set up the control center for the WTPs and all boosting PSs in Jichang Road PS, a central control room is reserved within the PS. The total area covered by the comprehensive building is 1800m2, of frame structure.
2.3.1.2 Engineering Design of the Water Supply Network
The project will fund a new pipeline network designed to serve the water supply area of Chengbei WTP, Phase II, which used the domestic funding to construct and is not in the project, but a linked project. The due diligence report for the linked project are referred to in Section §2.4. According, the capacity of Chengbei WTP, to be built under phase II, has been determined from extensive hydraulic modeling. The main pipes associated with the WTP are identified as follows.
1. The construction of Chengbei WTP will be implemented in stages. For the time being, two DN1200 trunk pipes have been built. New water supply pipes will be constructed to supply water to the Lingui New Area, Bali Street Area, Tieshan Residential Cluster, and Yanshan Residential Cluster. . As the newly increased water supply quantity is mainly located in the west and south parts, the outlet trunk pipes will be laid southward. One DN1600 pipe from the WTP will be laid along Weiyi Road –Chunjiang Road to the intersection of Eastern 2nd Ring Road. This pipe is the outlet pipe for Beicheng WTP Phase II with a water transport capacity of 200,000m3/d, which will transport the water to the Eastern and Western 2nd Ring Road. This pipe is proposed to be included in the project to be funded by the World Bank.
2. Once Chengbei WTP is expanded to the capacity of 300,000m3/d, in order to guarantee the
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water supply in Lingui New Area, it is proposed to construct a DN1600-DN1200 trunk pipe along Eastern 2nd Ring Road (to the west of Chunjiang Road Intersection) —Western 2nd Ring Road, which will, within a certain period of time in the future, be the trunk pipe for the Western Area, and the final capacity will be 100,000m3/d. Almost no distribution pipe is designed to be connected with this trunk pipe, and the pipe will be constructed in parallel with the construction of Western 2nd Ring Road. This pipe is proposed to be constructed with self-raised funds.
3. Construct a DN1200 trunk pipe along Eastern 2nd Ring Road (to the east of Chunjiang Road Intersection) to the south of the city. This pipe will serve as the trunk pipe for transporting water from Chengbei WTP to the east of Lijiang and the south area of the city. This trunk pipe is listed into the project to be funded by the Bank.
4. Construct a DN800 trunk pipe along North Binjiang Road (to the south of 2nd Ring Road). This pipe will connect the DN1200 trunk pipe in the Eastern 2nd Ring Road with the trunk pipe of the WTP in Dongzhen Road so as to ensure the water supply safety in the center of the old town. This pipe is proposed to be built with self-raised funds.
5. Construct a DN600 trunk pipe along North Yangjiang Road, which will connect with the DN1600 trunk pipe in West 2nd Ring Road. This pipe is one of the channels that supply water from Chengbei WTP to Lingui, and the main distribution pipe to the west of Dongcheng Area. This pipe is proposed to be built with self-raised fund.
6. Construct a DN500 trunk pipe along South Yangjiang Road, which will connect with the trunk pipe of Wanfu Road and Cuizhu Road, and improve the water supply safety for the boosting PS from the center urban area to Wanfu Road. This pipe is proposed to be built with self-raised funds.
7. Construct a DN600 trunk pipe along Chuandong Wu Road (to the north of Weiyi Road Intersection). This pipe will transport water from Chengbei WTP to the eastern area of Bali Street and would provide water safety to this area. This pipe is listed into the project to be funded by the Bank.
8. Construct a DN500 trunk pipe along Chuandong Er Road (to the north of Weiyi Road Intersection) northward. This pipe will be the distribution pipe from Chengbei WTP to the Bali Street area. It is listed into the project to be funded by the Bank.
9. Construct a new DN1200 trunk pipe along South 2nd Ring Road to connect East 2nd Ring
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Road and the trunk main from Wayao WTP so as to increase the water supply safety in the south urban area. This pipe is listed into the project to be funded by the Bank.
10. From the trunk pipe of Beichen Road, construct a DN500 distribution pipe from Bading Road to West 2nd Ring Road to transfer water to Dingjiang Industry Park and the High Speed Railway Area. This pipe is proposed to be built with self-raised funds.
11. Construct a DN600 trunk pipe along Jichang Road to supply water to Liangjiang Airport and its periphery area, with a capacity of 10,000 m3/d in the short run and of 18,000m3/d in the long run, meanwhile taking the newly increased water demand from the West of Lingui Road along the Airport Road into consideration. Once this pipe is built and put into operation, the self-built water plant of the airport will be used as stand-by or supplementary water supply facilities. This pipe is listed into the project to be funded by the Bank.
12. The existing DN400 water pipe of Hengtang Road is concrete pipe and will be replaced with DN500 Ductile pipe to remove the hidden danger of network leakage and also take the water demand in the future into consideration. This pipe is listed into the project to be funded by the Bank.
2.3.1.3 Comprehensive Water Supply Operation Platform
The comprehensive water supply operation platform comprises three elements: the first is the company office automation (OA) system, which will integrate human resources, material management and administrative management procedures. The second part is called computerized expert assistance decision making system, which will establish hydraulic network modeling to achieve scientific and optimized water dispatching. The third part will be business demonstration platform, which will integrate database of client data and production information. GIS based demonstration platform or GIS Data Integration (GID) system will be set up
Table 2.3-1shows the quantity of water supply network included in the water supply component of the project
Table 2.3-1 Bill of Quantity for the Network and Pumping Station No. Title Size Location Material Unit Q’ty. Remarks I Boosting PS Incl. 40,000m3/d, Southwest, Intersection secondary Boosting PS 80,000m3/d 1 of Jichang Road & 1 set water Airport Road for the Zhongyin Road dispatching long-run system for
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boosting PSs Water Supply II Pipe From Chengbei WTP to Ductile the intersection of Cast 1 WS Pipe DN1600 m 2229 Chunjiang Road & East Iron 2nd Ring Road (DCI) East 2nd Ring Road (East Nanzhou Qiao to 2 WS Pipe DN1200 DCI m 7550 Intersection of Guimo Road) 3 WS Pipe DN1200 South Ring Road DCI m 4810 4 WS Pipe DN600 Chuandong Wu Road DCI m 2050 5 WS Pipe DN500 Chuandong Er Road DCI m 2260 6 WS Pipe DN500 Hengtang Road DCI m 2200 Jichang Road (Xicheng 7 WS Pipe DN600 Avenue to Liangjiang DCI m 16000 Airport) Adjusted as Total m 37099 needed Comprehensive Water Supply III item 1 Operation Platform (Note: WS=water supply)
2.3.2 Drainage Component
2.3.2.1 Design for Upgrading the WWTP
I. Engineering Contents for Upgrading the WWTPs.
1. The Upgrading of Shangyao WWTP
Shangyao WWTP treats wastewater from the sewerage system of Mid-south areas of Giulin City. This sewerage system collects wastewater of the biggest urban scope of Guilin, covering the Central Cluster of the Old Town, Tiexi Area, Wayao Area, and Dafengshan Area. The wastewater is mainly collected via Mantoushan PS, Pingshan PS, Nanmenqiao PS, and Guniushan PS etc and pumped to Shangyao WWTP. Shangyao WWTP is divided into two plants, Phase I and II. The capacity of Phase I Plant is 45,000m3/d and the effluent treated is of Grade I Level B; whereas, Phase II is of 100,000m3/d, and the effluent treated is of Grade II.
According to the actual daily average effluent water quality analysis, the effluent of Shangyao WWTP Phase I meets the discharge standard of Grade I Level B. If evaluating against Grade I level A standard, the CODCr and NH3-N are basically stable and meet the standard. The highest BOD5 is 17mg/L, and 80% of samples tested met the standard. The highest TP was
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2mg/L, and 67% of samples meet the standard. The highest SS is 18mg/L, and 76% of samples meet the standard. As a result, upgrading Shangyao WWTP and lifting the water quality of its effluent only needs to add a simple filtration unit with chemical removal of phosphorous, then the effluent could meet the standard of Grade I Level A.
The old plant of Shangyao WWTP was renovated in 2008 and the equipments were renewed then, so no need for equipment renewal. Nonetheless, there are no deodorization facilities in the old plant (Phase I); it is therefore proposed to add deodorization in the inflow pumping house, fine screen, aeration sedimentation tank and bio-tank. Same as Phase II, in-depth treatment facilities are to be constructed. The in-depth process is: filter fabric/filtration tank + ultra-violet disinfection ditch to lift the effluent to Grade I Level A. The construction details of Shangyao WWTP are shown as follows in Table 2.3-2.
Table 2.3-2 Summary Table for Upgrading Shangyao WWTP No. Item Description 1 Equipment Replacement Replacement of screens, grit settling equipment, blowers, sludge scrapers and etc. 2 Process upgrading for Adding advanced treatment facilities as to improve the effluent quality higher treatment standard to Level A of Grade I with capacity 140k m3/d. 3 Improvement of Construction of new dewatering facilities as to reduce the water dewatering facilities content of sludge below 60%. 4 Deodorizing Closing and deodorizing the facilities such as inlet pumping station, fine screens, grit settling tank, sludge dewatering
2. The Upgrading of Qilidian WWTP
Qilidian WWTP treats wastewater from the urban area to the East of Lijiang River and part of Northern Area of Guilin City. The design treatment capacity for Qilidian WWTP Phase I is 60,000 m3/d (with effluent of Grade II standard); and for the WWTP Phase II, which is under construction, the design capacity is 100,000 m3/d (with effluent of Grade I Level B Standard)
According to the actual daily average effluent water quality analysis of the Qilidian WWTP Phase I, though the WWTP executes the discharge standard of Grade II, the effluent actually meets the standard of Grade I Level B except NH3-N and TP. If evaluating against Grade I Level A standard, then SS, CODCr and TN are basically stable and meet the discharge standard of Grade I. The highest BOD is 16mg/L, with 70% of samples meeting the standard. However, TP is quite high, with an average value of 1.18mg/L, and at the Max. Value is 3~4mg/L, so only 20% of samples meet the standard; the average value of NH3-N is 6.7mg/L, and Max. Value is 22mg/L, with only 40% of samples meeting the standard. From the analysis above on the daily average water quality of the effluent, it is concluded that the effluent of
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Qilidian WWTP Phase I could meet the discharge standard of Grade II, but there is a relatively big gap to Grade I Level A, with TP and NH3-N being the two main indicators that can’t meet the standard. Physical filtration is limited to Nitrogen and Phosphorus. For TP removal, chemical dosing and sedimentation is needed and a bio-chemical process is a cost effective way to remove these two pollutants. . Given that Qilidian WWTP Phase II is about to be completed and put into operation, there is some surplus in the total treatment capacity of Guilin. It is therefore proposed to reduce some of the capacity of Qilidian Phase I and lift the bio-chemical process effect so as to guarantee the removal effect of NH3-N and TP. Meanwhile, by upgrading and adding the physical filtration unit, plus chemical removal of phosphorus, the effluent should meet the discharge standard of Grade I Level A.
It is proposed to add rotary bio-filter in this project in order to raise the discharge standard to Grade I Level A. Moreover, deodorization of the bio-chemical tank was not considered for Phase II of the WWTP, it is proposed to construct an enclosed deodorization to the bio-chemical tank. The construction details of Qilidian WWTP are detailed in Table 2.3-3 below.
Table 2.3-3 Summary Table for the Upgrading of Qilidian WWTP
No. Item Description 1 Process upgrading Adding advanced treatment facilities as to improve the effluent quality to for higher level A from Level B of Grade I with capacity 100k m3/d for Phase I treatment standard Project. Adding advanced treatment facilities for Phase I Project to improve the effluent standards from Grade II to Level A of Grade I. 2 Equipment Technical renovation will be implemented to Qilidian WWTP. Existing Replacement structures will be kept as much as possible but all the equipment will be replaced. Automation control system will be added to the equipment. Plant Area Closing and deodorizing the facilities such as inlet pumping station, fine 3 deodorization screens, grit settling tank, sludge dewatering under Phase I Project. Improvement of Construction of new dewatering facilities within Phase I plant area as to 4 dewatering reduce the water content of sludge below 60%. facilities
3. The Upgrading of Beichong WWTP
Beichong WWTP treats the wastewater of the north area of Guilin. The service area of the North Area Sewerage System starts from Guihuang Road, the Vehicle Management Station of the Traffic Police Branch of Guilin Municipal Police Bureau, at the north point, to Guanyinge in the south, from Lijiang in the east to Taohuajiang in the west with a total service area of 9.26km2. The wastewater flows into Beichong WWTP via gravity, Bianshanxiang PS,
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Qingfeng PS etc.
The designed daily treatment capacity of Beichong WWTP is 30,000m3/d. The WWTP was put into operation in 2005, the process is A2/O, and the discharge standard applies with Grade I Level B.
According to the actual daily average effluent water quality analysis, the effluent of Beichong WWTP Phase I meets the discharge standard of Grade I Level B. If evaluating against Grade I level A standard, the CODCr, SS and NH3-N are basically stable and meet the discharge standard. The NH3-Nstandards are met 83% of the time and the highest BOD value of the whole year is 16mg/L, meaning that 89% of the time the standard could be met. The highest TP is 2.4mg/L, meaning that the standard could be met 73% of the time. From the analysis above, it is concluded that the effluent from the Beichong WWTP could meet the discharge standard of Grade I Level B, but there is a gap to Grade I Level A. However, the three main indicators -NH3-N, BOD and TP cannot meet the standard. Therefore, in the operation process, attention should be paid to the aeration flux control, chemical dosing and settlement in order to remove TP. Thus, by upgrading and adding the physical filtration unit, plus chemical removal of phosphorus, the effluent would meet the discharge standard of Grade I Level A.
For the time being, the operation of the plant is good, but as the inflow pumping house is not designed by different zones, and there is only one coarse screen channel, so there are safety risks. It’s not possible to overhaul the plant because it cannot be taken out of production. It is therefore proposed under the project, to do zoning in the inflow pumping house and add coarse screens so as to ensure the operation stability. Combining with the sludge composting and transportation need, the sludge dewatering equipment of the new plant area will reduce the water content to lower than 60%. As per the requirement for water used for landscaping for TaohuaJiang, it is proposed to upgrade Beichong WWTP to lift the discharge standard of the effluent to Grade I Level A. The construction details of Beichong WWTP are detailed in Table 2.3-4 below.
Table 2.3-4 Summary Table for Upgrading Beichong WWTP
No. Item Description Equipment Improvement Inlet PS will be refurbished via zoning. One coarse screen channel and 1 screen will be added. Some equipment will be replaced. Process upgrading for Adding advanced treatment facility to upgrade the treatment standard 2 higher treatment standard of Beichong WWTP to Class I A with a capacity of 30,000 m3/day 3 Improvement of Construction of new dewatering facilities as to reduce the water content
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dewatering facilities of sludge below 60%. Deodorizing bioreactors, sludge condensing tanks and sludge 4 Deodorization dewatering workshop. 4. The Upgrading of Yanshan WWTP
Yanshan WWTP treats the wastewater of Yanshan District with a service area of 5km2. With the designed daily treatment capacity of 20,000m3/d, the WWTP was put into operation in 2009 and uses CASS process. The effluent discharge standard applied is Grade I Level B.
According to the daily average effluent water quality analysis, the effluent of Yanshan WWTP Phase I meets the discharge standard of Grade I Level B. If evaluating with Grade I level A standard, the CODCr, SS and TN are stable and meet the discharge standard; the Max. The NH3-N value is 7.4mg/L, and meets the standard 89% of the time. The highest TP value is 1.1mg/L, and this meets the standard 24.7% of the time; The BOD5 max. value is 17mg/L, and therefore meets the standard 75% of the time. From the analysis above, it is concluded that the effluent of Yanshan WWTP could meet the discharge standard of Grade I Level B, but there is a big gap to Grade I Level A, The BOD5 and TP standards are the two main non-compliance indicators. In the operation process, attention should be paid to the aeration flux control and operating parameter; and strengthen the bio-chemical treatment effect. TP should be removed through chemical dosing and sedimentation. Thus, the upgrading and renovation should add advanced treatment unit, plus chemical removal of phosphorus, the effluent could meet the discharge standard of Grade I Level A.
In this project, it is proposed to upgrade Yanshan WWTP to lift its effluent discharge to Standard Grade I Level A. Meanwhile, Deodorization will be added in the inlet pumping station, fine screens, grit settling tanks, bioreactors, sludge dewatering workshop. The construction details of Yanshan WWTP are in Table 2.3-5 below.
Table 2.3-5 Summary Table for Upgrading Yanshan WWTP No. Item Description 1 Process upgrading for Adding advanced treatment facilities as to improve the effluent quality higher treatment standard to level A with capacity 20k m3/d for Phase I Project. 2 Deodorizing the facilities such as inlet pumping station, fine screens, Plant Area deodorization grit settling tanks, bioreactors, sludge dewatering workshop. 5. The Upgrading of Lingui New District WWTP
Lingui New District WWTP is expected to be completed in 2013 with a treatment capacity of 30,000m3/d. The effluent discharge standard is Grade I Level A. The WWTP treats wastewater from Lingui New District. Deodorization was taken into account at the beginning of constructing the plant, but not enclosed deodorization for bio-chemical tank. Given that the
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plant is located in the central area of Lingui New District, and is next to the planned road, this project will therefore include enclosed deodorization to the bio-chemical tank.
II. Advance Treatment Process of the WWTPs
According to the analysis above on the effluent water quality of the WWTPs, the following conclusions could be reached:
（1）Basically effluent from all WWTPs could meet discharge standard of Grade I Level B;
（2）Evaluating performance of all plants with the exception of Shangyao Phase II and Qilidian Phase I, against Grade I Level A discharge standard, the NH3-N is in non-compliance with the discharge standard at a high level. The BOD, SS and TP , though in non-compliance, but are within a reasonable level, so a simple physical treatment process could remove the pollutants. For Shangyao Phase II and Qilidian Phase I, careful calculation should be done on its nitrification and de-nitrification capacity when we consider the upgrading process.
As per the “Design Code for Wastewater Recycling”, urban reclaimed water plant should apply a basic process as: coagulation-settling—filtration—disinfection. This is also the basic process applied by many wastewater recycling projects home and abroad. Direct filtration process is also used in some projects with good results. As such, the design will compare the two processes: the coagulation/settling + filtration process Vs. the direct filtration process; and identify the recommendation option for the advance treatment process of the project.
Given the importance of the Lijiang River water body, the coagulation--sedimentation (settling)—filtration process should be selected for the advanced treatment process for wastewater. Moreover, in terms of land use within the plant, land availability for WWTPs in the city center is rather limited, so process with less land occupation and less structures should be selected. For Beichong WWTP, Shangyao WWTP (Phase I and II) and Qilidian WWTP (Phase I), land is very limited, direct filtration process should be selected. For Yanshan WWTP, land available for upgrading is plenty and because process is CASS without settling tank, so in order to ensure the phosphorus removal effect by using chemical could reach Grade I Level A, the coagulation—settling+filtration process should be selected.
III. Process Selection of Chemical Phosphorus Removal
The basic principle for chemical removal of phosphorus is to dose chemical agent to form insoluble phosphate sediment; then remove phosphorus from wastewater via solid-liquid
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separation, which normally work together with bio-process. As per the location of the dosing position, there are pre(tank) dosing, post(tank) dosing, synchronous dosing and multi-point dosing.
Being divided by the bio-reactor, dosing before the bio-tank is pre(tank) dosing, dosing after the tank is post(tank) dosing. Dosing into the tank is synchronous dosing and dosing both before and after the tank is multi-point dosing.
The pre(tank) dosing puts the chemical agent in the raw wastewater, forms sediment and discharges with the primary sedimentation tank. The advantage is: it could remove certain amount of organic matter and reduce bio-treatment load. The post(tank) dosing takes place after the bio-treatment and the sedimentation formed could be separate via the solid-liquid separation device. Water quality from this is good and settling tank needs to add. Synchronous dosing position is in the outlet pipe of the primary settling tank or in the bio-reactor, the sedimentation and the remaining sludge is discharged together. Multi-point dosing position could be grit chamber, bio reactor and settling tank, which could increase the flexibility of operation.
As the existing WWTPs of Guilin city do not have primary sedimentation tanks, except Yanshan WWTP), but all have secondary sedimentation tank, in order to reduce the impact of iron salt and Aluminum Chlorohydrate to organism, post dosing should be selected so as to use the secondary sedimentation tank to do solid-liquid separation and discharge with sludge. For Yanshan WWTP, the CASS process is used, so it is appropriate to build new coagulation and sedimentation facilities and use post dosing to remove phosphorus.
IV. Selection of Chemical Agents for Phosphorus Removal
Three mineral salts could be used to remove phosphorous: calcium salt, iron salt and aluminum salt. The commonly used salts are: limestone （Ca（OH）2）, aluminum sulphate
（Al2（SO4）3·18H2O）, basic aluminum chloride (AlCl3）, sodium aluminates（NaAlO2）, iron trichloride（FeCl3）, iron sulfate（Fe2（SO4）3）, ferrous sulfate （FeSO4）and ferrous chloride（FeCl2）.
When using aluminum salt or iron salt, it mainly produces insoluble aluminum phosphate or iron phosphate, and the dosage of it is directly proportional to the TP amount. If using ferrous salt, then it needs to be oxidized to iron salt in order to achieve the maximum phosphorus removal effect. It is normally therefore not used as post-dosing polymer, but dosed into the
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aeration grit chamber. When using limestone to remove phosphorus, the solubility of the sedimentation produced is related to the PH value, the amount of limestone needed is therefore subject to the alkalinity of the wastewater, not the phosphorus content. Limestone, if used as polymer, cannot be used in synchronous dosing phosphorous removal process. If it is used in pre(tan)-dosing phosphorous removal, then the PH value of the effluent is high, then the PH value needs to be adjusted before the bio-treatment; if used in post-dosing, then the PH value of the effluent must be adjusted in order to meet the discharge requirement. Aluminum salt is therefore more commonly used. The widely used aluminum salts are aluminum sulphate (white alum) and basic aluminum chloride (PAC). In this project, basic aluminum chloride (PAC) is recommended as the chemical agent for phosphorus removal.
V. Selection of Deodorizing Options for WWTPs
The current deodorization methods available can be dilution, burning, absorption, chemical absorption, oxidation, nebulization, bio-treatment, and liquid atomization etc. The chemical absorption, activated oxygen ionization and bio-filters options have their pros and cons. As the chemical absorption needs raw material of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, special warehouse for hazard material shall be built with high requirements for fire explosive prevention. This is not suitable for the existing plant; bio-filtration bed needs larger footprint and the operation is more difficult with higher capital investment and operation costs. Liquid nebulization and activated oxygen ionization are suitable for medium and low level odor and they can avoid the bottlenecks mentioned above; nonetheless, liquid nebulization method may need periodical purchase of the liquid, which has only a single source of supplier. This is not good for the plant operation. Therefore, in summary, the activated oxygen ionization method of deodorant is proposed for this project.
The activated oxygen ionization method emerged in recent years becomes the evolution of oxidation technology. This technology has been widely developed home and abroad. Aggregation of O2-、O2+ is generated by high voltage pulsed discharge and it has strong oxidation ability to degrade the odor particles so as to achieve deodorization.
1) Activated Oxygen Effect
Activated oxygen deodorizing devices may generate high density and highly activated oxygen (a transitional status of oxygen between O2 and O3) via high voltage pulsated discharge (it may generate hundreds of billions of high-energy ions). Such ions may collide with the odor molecules and destroy the organic molecules; or high-energy activated oxygen may activate
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the oxygen molecules in the air to produce secondary activated oxygen. A chain reaction may be triggered and oxidation will be maintained with the energy generated from chain reaction. This will further oxidize the organic molecules to generate carbon oxide, water and other material of small molecules. The device may achieve high efficiency of deodorizing within in very short time.
The odor components will be transformed into small molecules of NOx、SO3、H2O after oxidation. Under the proper concentration, the global transforming ratio may reach 95% above. As the final product has very concentration of odor, it can be accepted by the ambient atmosphere. This approach is well adaptable to the purification of large air flow but medium level odor.
2) Photocatalysis
Photocatalysis is the application of new compound of nanometer technology. The principle is that photocatalysis particles will be excited by UV light of particular wave length to form electron-hole pair. With the presence of oxygen and water, the hole will degrade water on the surface of catalysis to generate free hydroxyl radicals (OH). Electrons may reduce the oxygen to activated oxygen ions, which have strong oxidation effect to oxidize the odor particles on the surface of photocatalysis into harmless substances. Hence the air purification is achieved.
VI. Selection of Advanced Sludge Dewatering Options in the Sludge Plants
It is proposed to use chamber press and filter dewatering plus low-temperature vacuum dehydration process in the project.
In this process, the sludge after being conditioned is transported into the dewatering and drying system via the feeding pump. Meanwhile the flocculent polyacrylamide (PAM) is dosed on-line and the filtrate is drained by pump and the liquid is separated from solids. During the compacting and caking stage, water contents will be further reduced and squeezed by the force of high pressure from the membrane plate. On the basis of above-mentioned processing, technology of low temperature vacuum drying provides the function of vacuum dehydration. With the completion of membrane pressing, the heating plate and membrane plate will be filled with hot water and the sludge cake will be heated in the heating chamber. Meanwhile, a vacuum pump will be started and the heating chamber will be vacuumed. The boiling temperature of water will be lowered under the negative pressure condition. The water in the cake will be vaporized. The mixture of vapor is then drawn from the chamber and the
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vapor will be condensed through condensation. The water will be drained periodically and exhausting air will be treated, then discharged into air. With the process of feeder filtration, membrane pressing and vacuum dehydration, water in the sludge has been adequately removed and the quantity of sludge has been significantly reduced to the greatest extent possible. The process only needs normal flocculants and no other chemicals to be added. However, the capital investment of this process is higher and heat sources will be needed for dehydration and drying. Therefore the equipment is more complicated and operation is more difficult. Hence, the operating costs are higher.
Low temperature vacuum dehydration and drying technology is the innovation to the plate-and-frame filter press. On the basis of pressing and dewatering of conventional filter press, sludge is processed through feeding filtration, membrane pressing and vacuumed dehydration, the water content has been adequately removed in the sludge case. The volume of the sludge has been decreased significantly to the greatest extent possible. The process only needs conventional polymer (PAM) and is suitable for different sizes of plants without geographical constraints. The chemicals (PAM) can be purchased conveniently. The low temperature vacuum dehydration process is well suitable for Guilin condition, thus it is proposed by the feasibility study report.
2.3.2.2 Upgrading the Drainage Pumping Stations (PS)
The urban drainage network of Guilin is divided into four areas: North Area, East Area, Mid-south Area and Yanshan District Area. The wastewater PSs are distribute as follows: 4 PSs in the North Area, 8 PSs in the East Area, 8 PSs in Mid-south Area and 2 PSs in Yanshan District Area, all together, 22 wastewater PSs. Based on the actual status of the existing drainage PSs, it is decided to upgrade 18 wastewater PSs and 2 storm-water PSs. The main details are following: (1) replace water pumps and the electric distribution box (MCC) and renew the screen bars, valves and flow meters; (2) deodorization of the PSs; (3) upgrading the automation system. Subject to the specific situation of each PS, the upgrading details may vary. See Table 2.2-6 below for the details.
Table2.2-6 Summary Table for Upgrading the Drainage Pumping Stations of Guilin No Capacity, Areas PSs Location Scope of refurbishment (x104m3/d) 1.Replacement of pumps and associated MCC Northeast of 1 North Qingfen PS 3 2. Replacement of screens Beiji Plaza 3.Replacement of flow meter 4.Installing deodorizing devices
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5.Replacement of valves Bianshan-xiang Xi’erli, 1 Adding one gen-set 2 North 1.5 PS Jiuhuashan Rd. 2. Installing deodorizing devices 1.Replacement of pumps Inlet of Guihu 3 North Guihu PS 0.6 2.Installing deodorizing devices Lake 3. Adding automation & control system 1. Replacement of pumps and associated MCC; By the side of 2. Refurbishment of inlet and discharge 4 East Longyinqiao PS 4 Longyinqiao pipes and gates/valves. 3. Installing deodorizing devices 4. Replacement of flow-meter 1. Replacement of 3 pumps; 5 East Jianganlu PS Jiangan Rd. 3 2. Installing deodorizing devices 3. Replacement of flow meter 3km Road Side Eastern Station 1. Installing deodorizing devices 6 East of Gui-Mo 4 PS 2. Adding a flow meter Highway Nanzhou- qiao Side of 1. Installing deodorizing devices 7 East 10 PS Nanzhouqiao 2. Adding a flow meter Yingcai Science Yingcaiyuan 1. Installing deodorizing devices 8 East and Technology l WW PS 2. Adding a flow meter Park Tieshanyuan Tieshan 1. Installing deodorizing devices 9 East 1 WW PS Industrial Park 2. Adding a flow meter Yifenglu (side of Jiangshanlingxiu 1. Installing deodorizing devices 10 East Yifenglu PS 0.5 Residential 2. Adding a flow meter Area) Yiwulu (high 1. Installing deodorizing devices Central school affiliated 11 Yiwulu PS 1.5 2. Screen replacement south to normal 3. Pump replacement。 university) 1. Installing deodorizing devices Central Zhishanlu 2. Replacement of automation and control 12 Anxin PS 1.5 south Flyover system 3. Pump replacement Courtyard of Drainage 1. Replacement of 5 wastewater pumps Central Nanmenqiao Facility and associated MCC; 13 6 south WW PS Management 2. Replacement of screens; Division, 108, 3. Adding flow meter Shixiaonanlu 39 W Ring Rd., 1. Installing deodorizing devices; Entrance Gate of 2. Replacement of check valves Central 14 Mantoushan PS Municipal 25 3. Replacement of discharge valves; south Administration 4. Replacement of flow meters; Division 5. Pump replacement 1. Installing deodorizing devices Central 15 Pingshan PS Pingshan Rd. 5 2. Adding flow meter south 3. Pump replacement 1. Replacement of screens; Central Guniushan WW Foot of 2. Adding deodorizing devices; 16 3 south PS Guniushan Hill 3. Replacement of flow meters; 4. Pump replacement 17 Central Yangjiang PS Yangjian 0.7 1. Adding deodorizing devices
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south Campus of Normal School Central 18 Wanfulu WW PS Wanfu Rd. 4 1. Adding deodorizing devices south Southwest Side of the 1. Pumps and associated MCC Shanghailu 19 intersection at 4 replacement; Storm water PS Shanghai Rd 2. Replacement of screens Railway Minzulu Storm 1. Pumps and valve replacement; 20 Minzu Rd 9 water PS 2. Replacement of screens Remote Control 21 Unit for PSs (Note: WW=Wastewater)
2.2.2.3 Wastewater Network Components
1. The Upgrading of the Urban Drainage Network
It is proposed to rehabilitate the drainage pipelines of 40 km long with the non-dig lining curing technology in this project.
Because the roads are located at the urban built areas, in order to reduce the adverse impact of excavation to road structure, traffic and environment, the damaged pipes will be rehabilitated by non-dig technology.
The rehabilitation standards: Based on “Technical Codes for CCTV and Sonar Testing and Assessment of the Public Drainage Pipes of Shanghai Municipality”, “Technical Codes for Drainage Pipes/Channels and Pumping Station Maintenance of Cities & Towns” (CJJ68-2007）, “Technical Codes for CCTV and Sonar Testing and Assessment of the Public Drainage Pipes of Guangzhou Municipality”, “Construction, Check and Acceptance Codes of Water Supply and Drainage Pipe Projects”（GB 50268-2008）. The pipes would be rehabilitated till its functions recovered.
In order to reduce the continuous change of the flow cross-section, improve the hydraulic condition, prevent the secondary damage, for the multiple structural damages in the same section of a pipe, non-dig complete unit rehabilitation should be applied.
For severe single damage where non-dig local excavation rehabilitation technology does not work, then non-dig complete unit rehabilitation technology should be applied.
For those pipes built long time ago with uninterrupted minor damages, complete unit rehabilitation will be done in order to extend their service life. And for those structural defects
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with severe damages which cannot be rehabilitated via non-dig technology, it is proposed to use local excavation.
See Table 2.3-7 for the drainage network upgrading details
Table 2.3-7 Bill of Quantity for the Restoration of Urban Drainage Network No. Road Name Pipe Size Unit Qty Notes 1.1 Qixing District Restoration of 1.1.1 Hengtang Rd. DN600 Meter 700 manhole No. 23 1.1.2 Fuxing Rd. DN800 m 600 1.1.3 Chuanshandong Rd. DN1000 m 2600 1.1.4 Yingcai Rd. – Hengtang Rd. DN800 m 3000 1.1.5 The 2nd Ring Rd (E) DN800 m 3000 1.1.6 Jiangang Rd. DN800 m 800 1.1.7 Tieshan Rd. DN1000 m 500 1.2 Diecai District m Restoration of 1.2.1 Fuli Rd. Area DN400 m 500 manhole No. 8 Beicheng Rd., Fanghua Rd. and 1.2.2 DN1000 m 2600 Zhongshanbei Rd. 1.2.3 The 2nd Ring Rd (E) DN1200 m 500 1.2.4 The 2nd Ring Rd (E) DN800 m 1000 Restoration of 1.2.4 Bianshan Lane Area DN600 m 500 manhole No. 9 Restoration of 1.2.5 Liumashan Rd. DN500 m 300 manhole No. 5 Restoration of 1.2.6 Yiwu Rd (Machine Tools Plat area) DN500 m 400 manhole No. 7 1.3 Xiufeng District m Restoration of 1.3.1 Jiuganglin Rd DN300 m 1000 manhole No. 16 Restoration of 1.3.2 Jiuganglin Rd. DN400 m 1200 manhole No. 19 Restoration of 1.3.3 Ludie Rd. DN500 m 650 manhole No. 10 Restoration of 1.3.4 Ronghubei Rd. DN400 m 800 manhole No. 13 Restoration of 1.3.5 Wencai Rd. DN400 m 1000 manhole No. 16 Restoration of 1.3.6 Xinzhongyin Rd. DN500 m 1500 manhole No. 24 1.4 Xiangshan District The 3rd Ring Rd (S) at the backdoor 1.4.1 DN800 m 500 of Military College Restoration of 1.4.2 Wanfu Rd. (Xiangshan section) DN600 m 1500 manhole No. 20 Restoration of 1.4.3 Kaifeng Rd. DN500 m 1000 manhole No. 16 1.4.4 Kaifeng Rd. DN1000 m 1000 1.4.5 Kaifeng Rd. DN1200 m 200 Jingping Rd. Area (Lane 1, 2 and 3 Restoration of 1.4.6 DN500 m 500 of Wayao Rd) manhole No. 8 1.4.7 Jingping Rd. Area (Lane 1, 2 and 3 DN800 m 100
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of Wayao Rd) Jingping Rd. Area (Lane 1, 2 and 3 Restoration of 1.4.8 DN400 m 500 of Wayao Rd) manhole No. 8 1.5 Yanshan District DN1000 m 3100 1.6 Pressure Pipes m 1.6.1 Kaifeng Rd Pressure Pipe DN600 m 5000 1.6.2 Qingfeng Pressure Pipe DN600 m 500 1.7 Other areas (Lingui section) m 1.7.1 Wanfu Rd. (Lingui Section) DN800 m 2000 Restoration of 1.7.2 Wanfu Rd. (Lingui Section) DN600 m 1000 manhole No. 15 Manhole Total 40050 Restoration Total 217 2. Wastewater Network Restoration of the Eastern Cluster of Lingchuan Bali Street
The network covers the eastern built areas, mainly for trade/business and residence purposes, to the east of Xianggui Railway of Bali Street, and near Lijiang with a coverage area of 5.72 km2. An underground wastewater boosting PS has been built in the eastern built area with the design flow of 10,000 m3/d; but the wastewater collection system is not good enough, and the drainage pipes of some roads discharge straight into Lijiang River which contaminates the water body. In order to solve the wastewater discharge problem in the business and residential clusters of Eastern Built Areas, it is proposed to construct wastewater pipes in Lane 5 and 6 of Bali Street and Lane 4 of Chuandong with a total length of 1.71 km to collect the wastewater and transfer to the wastewater boosting PS, then the wastewater will be pumped to Guilin Municipal WWTP. See Table 2.3-8 below for the details of the wastewater pipes to be built.
Table 2.3-8 Bill of Quantity for the Wastewater Drainage Network of the East Residence Cluster of Lingchuan Bali Street No Road Name Pipe Size Material Unit Qty 1 Lane 5, Bali Rd. DN500 HDPE m 300 2 Lane 6, Bali Rd. DN500 HDPE m 300 3 Lane 4, Chuandong Rd. DN800 RC m 1110 4 Total m 1710 3. Wastewater Network of Lingui Old Town
More problems exist with the wastewater network of the Old Town of Lingui County. In some areas, there are no wastewater pipes and in some existing wastewater pipes, there are problems such as leakage, misplacement and silting etc. In some old streets/areas (e.g. Guikang Residential Area), the wastewater pipes are straight-line type with very small diameter, most of them are DN300, and some of them are even smaller plastic pipes of DN150-200; moreover, the burying slope is small, the pipes are blocked with other things, then silted; as a result, the discharge is not smooth and wastewater spills over everywhere. In
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order to improve the living environment of the residents and the collection rate of wastewater in the Old Town, it needs to supplement and improve the wastewater network, and new DN300-1200 wastewater pipes of 15.4km long will be built. See Table 2.2-9 below for the Bill of Quantity (BoQ).
Table 2.3-9 Bill of Quantity for the Wastewater Drainage Networks of Lingui Old Town
No Road Name Pipe Size Material Unit Qty 1 Wanfu Rd. DN800 RC m 750 DN400 HDPE m 300 2 Xinlong Rd. DN500 HDPE m 390 3 Yang Rd. No.2 DN400 HDPE m 940 DN1000 RC m 720 4 Yang Rd. No.6 DN1200 RC m 770 DN300 HDPE m 7758 DN400 HDPE m 1200 5 Guikang Residential Area DN500 HDPE m 635 DN600 HDPE m 1200 DN300 HDPE m 610 6 Jinyuan Residential Area DN400 HDPE m 145 Total 15418
2.3.2.4 Equipments for Water Quality Monitoring and Network Management & Maintenance
In order to strengthen and improve the capacity for: (i) monitoring the water quality of the wastewater network (including sludge); and (ii) the maintenance and management capacity on the drainage network, the following facilities and equipments need to be procured for Guilin Municipal Drainage Company: (i)water quality (including sludge) monitoring equipments for daily monitoring and management; (ii) procuring pipe maintenance equipment, including detecting (including intelligent robot and detecting system), and blocking and dredging equipment; and (iii)Establishing a system wide network information system (MIS) to enhance the short and long-term maintenance and management by conducting a detailed survey of the drainage network. for
2.3.3 The Overall Plan for the Centralized Disposal of Sludge
The sludge disposal project is located in the sanitary landfill site for domestic solid waste of Guilin city. The purpose is to dispose the sludge generated in the WWTPs in a non-hazardous and sustainable way. The design requirements are for 130t/d of sludge by composting process and 20t/d by solar drying process. The dewatered sludge from all WWTPs of Guilin city will be put together to be disposed of either through composting or drying and finally be used for landscaping.
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2.3.3.1 Route Selection for Sludge Composting
Composting is a simple and operational process for sludge disposal. Before being used as land-fill, the sludge is disposed of through composting, under microbial action, the plant nutrients become a way easier for absorption; and the odor, on the other hand, could be removed. Pathogenic bacteria and parasites could be killed too.
The “Pollutants Discharge Standard for Municipal WWTP” issued by China became effective on 1st July 2003. This Standard stipulates the stringent and clear requirements on the discharge of the sludge from WWTPs. The Standard lists aerobic composting as one of the methods for sludge stabilization process. Comparing with anaerobic and aerobic digestion, aerobic composting has safe (disinfection) effects apart from stabilizing the sludge. This is because that during the aerobic composting process, a large amount of energy (heats) will be generated from organic degradation. The composting material could be heated to 60～70℃ and the pathogenic microorganisms and parasites could be killed. Therefore, aerobic composting process is one of the most effective approaches to dispose sludge from wastewater treatment, domestic solid wastes and excrements of livestock from intensive farming.
Nevertheless, the prerequisite for sludge composting is that the contents of the pollutants should be controlled within the limits; and then the organic fertilizer generated from sludge composting can be utilized properly. Particularly for the current situation, industrial wastewater is discharged in combination with domestic wastewater; as a result, the heavy metal contents in the sludge of the WWTPs exceed the standard. Heavy metal may enter the food chain if such sludge is used for farming, which may do harm to the health of mankind significantly.
With vigorous development of urban landscaping and greening in China, the bases for nursery planting, flowers and lawns are in large demand. And sludge if used as organic fertilizer for nursery planting and gardening may have the following good effects. First, it can condition the soil and increase the organic and nutrient material of the soil. Second, it may foster the growth of plants and flowers. Third, the heavy metals and the harmful substances may not enter the food chain. The nursery plants and flowers may purify the heavy metal in some degree. For the time being, China is working on ecological construction on a large scale, urban landscaping and greening, and shelter forest construction should be the way to properly utilize the products from sludge composting.
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2.3.3.2 Composting Process Stage
Composting can be normally classified as aerobic and anaerobic types. Aerobic composting is the process of organic degradation under the presence of oxygen. The metabolic products mainly include carbon dioxide, water and heat. The anaerobic composting is that of organic degradation without oxygen and the metabolic products are methane, carbon dioxide and some intermediate products like organic acids. Compared with the aerobic composting, the organic degradation of unit mass in the anaerobic composting process releases less energy, but easily generates more odors. Because of these reasons, almost all composting systems adopt aerobic composting process.
Aerobic composting utilizes aerobic microorganism (mainly aerobic bacteria) under the presence of oxygen to degrade the organic substances continuously. Normally, aerobic composting is divided into three stages as follows:
1）Warming-up Stage
Usually this refers to the inceptive stage of the composting. At his stage, the temperature of the composting stack will rise to around 45℃ from the environment temperature. The dominating microorganisms are mainly mesophilic types, including fungus, bacteria and actinomycetes. The decomposition substrates are mainly saccharides and starches.
2）Thermophilic Stage
When the stack temperature rises to 45℃ or higher, the composting enters the thermophilic stage. In this stage, mesophilic microorganisms are inhibited or even die while thermophilic microorganisms become dominating. The residual or newly formed organic material will be oxidized further. Some complicated organics like cellulose, hemicellulose and protein starts to be decomposed strongly. The activities of microorganism behave alternatively. Usually around the temperature of 50℃, thermophilic fungus and actinomycetes are most active. When the temperature rises to 60℃, the activities of fungus stops almost completely and only thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes are active. When the temperature rises to 70℃, majority of thermophilic microorganisms cannot adapt and a large quantity of them will die or hibernate. The optimum temperature for modern composting production is 55℃. This is because, at this temperature, the majority of microorganism will be most active to decompose organics, amongst parasitic ovum, pathogenic microorganism can be killed.
3）Cooling-down Stage
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The thermophilic stage will inevitably cause the microorganisms to die out and reduce their activities, and then the composting enters a cooling stage naturally. In this stage, mesophilic organisms resume to dominating again and they will continue to decompose the organic residuals which are difficult to be degraded. However, as the microbial activities decrease in general, less heat will be generated from the composting stack. The temperature starts to decrease and the organics become stabilized. The oxygen demand decreases significantly and the sludge is thoroughly decomposed and it becomes the post composting stage.
2.3.3.3 Composting Process Flow
（1）Raw Material Mixing Stage
Municipal sludge with 70% water content is transported to the composting site and dumped into the storage bin. After being metered automatically, the sludge is transferred to the mixer together with conditioner (saw dust and straw is proposed to be used as the conditioner in this project. The daily consumption of the straw is around 12t/d and back-mixing material. They will be mixed thoroughly to achieve the moderate water contents and loose structure so as to achieve air space required by composting.
（2）Feeding Stage
The blended material from the mixer will be transferred to the dump trucks by the belt conveyor; then transported to the fermentation room, where the composting material is cured, and then the temperature and oxygen sensors are inserted into the stack. The computer system will then monitor and control the fermentation process.
（3）Bio-Fermentation Stage
When fermentation starts, with the oxygen supplied by blowers, aerobic microorganisms reproduce rapidly and the temperature of composting stack increases quickly. With 2-3 day, the stack enters the thermophilic stage. The thermophilic stage will be maintained for 5-7 days through the automatic monitoring and control so as to kill the pathogenic bacteria and weed seeds as much as possible. Thus the goal of non-hazardous treatment and stabilization of composting material can be achieved. When the thermophilic stage ends, the composting stacks will be turned by turning machine to achieve homogeneity of the material at different location as for the good quality of the product. To automatically control and optimize the fermentation processes, oxygen and temperature sensors are furnished in the fermentation room. Data will be acquired by the sensors then collected and transferred to the computer
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based control system. Aeration intensity and time will be controlled in real time by the feedback from composting stacks. Inside the fermentation room, environment monitoring sensors are installed to monitor ammonia, hydrogen sulfide. When the hazardous gases reach the preset dangerous level, the system will alarm and the deodorizing system will be started up.
（4）The Screening and Sorting Stage
When the composting is fully developed, the composting control system will prompt the end of the composting processes. The composted material will be lift and removed by the forklift truck from composting room. The sieving machine will be used to separate small grains of fully fermented material (passed sieve material) from large blocks such as conditioner (on the sieve material).
（5）Resource Utilization Stage
After aerobic fermentation, the material that passes the sieve can be transported away as the final products for resource utilization. Those on-the-sieve materials will be used as back-mixing materials.
Please refer to Figure 2.3.1 for Process Flowchart for Composting. For mass balance of composting process, please refer to Fig 2.3.-2 for details.
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Figure 2.3-1 Sludge Composting Process Chart
H2S online monitoring NH online monitoring Conditioner Odor monitoring and 3 control Bio-deodorizing system Odor monitoring/control system
aerobic Farming Dewatered fermentation/ Resource Foresting Mixed material Final Product Sludge Biomass recovery Landscaping drying Soil conditioning
T. online monitoring device Organic fertilizer Backmixing Smart process O2 online monitoring device material monitoring & control Advanced processing Organic inorganic CompSoft V3.0 fertilizer compound
Fig 2.3-2 Mass Balance of Sludge Composting Processes
Total loss of Dewatered sludge: organic mass, CO2 Total loss of 130t/d and water 85t/d organic mass, CO2 （water 91t/d） and water 30t/d
Mixture 170t/d Fermented sludge Final product Back mixing material （water 101.5t/d） 85t/d 55t/d 30t/d （water 25.5t/d） （Water 16.5t/d） （water 9t/d）
Organic supplements 10t/d （Water 1.5t/d）
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In addition to the composting of sludge (130t/d), sludge drying (capacity of 20t/d) utilizing solar energy as the heating source will be financed under the project.
Sludge drying by solar energy mainly utilizes solar energy to dry the sludge. The process combines the conventional drying in greenhouse with modern automation technology for sludge disposal. The main objective is to utilize the clean energy - solar energy as the main energy source for sludge drying.
There are mainly three drying processes in the greenhouse as detailed below:
① Drying by solar radiation. When sludge in the greenhouse receives solar radiation, the temperature will rise and water vaporization in the sludge will be accelerated. The humidity on the surface of the sludge will increase or will even achieve saturation status.
② With natural or forced ventilation, the indoor air with moisture will be discharged to the atmosphere. The humidity of the sludge surface will become unsaturated from original saturated status. The water in the sludge will vaporize further. Experiments indicate that such process plays more important role in the dehydration of sludge.
③ When the water concentration in sludge decreases to 40%-60%, organics in sludge will be fermented with the existence of oxygen. Further temperature rise inside the sludge stacks can be observed and drying will be accelerated. This may also stabilize the sludge.
2.3.4 Environment Monitoring and Pollution Source Management Information System (MIS) of Guilin City
Guilin City Environment Monitoring and Pollution Source Management Information System (MIS) cover three parts: water environment monitoring MIS; pollution source MIS; pollution source analysis study of Lijiang Basin (Guilin Urban Area). This component is a research project, and would not trigger EIA and EMP, so is not included in the scope of EIA.
2.3.5 Capacity Building and Project Implementation Support
This project is a World Bank funded project. For this purpose, Guilin Municipality has established the Project Management Office (PMO) under the leadership of the Municipal Development and Reform Committee (DRC) with office members from the government agencies concerned with the project. Because the project management and implementation need various expertise and skills, this section describes the additional support needed for the implementation of the project.
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（1）Experts and Consulting Service
In the process of project implementation, a professional consultant (firm) needs to be hired to help the PMO review the designing and bidding documents; conduct project management, construction supervision and management; monitor the implementation of social and environmental safeguard measures; establish the project monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system; and evaluate, report and prepare the project completion report.
（2）Capacity Building
The members of the PMO and the PIUs are from different functional agencies. The lack of understanding of the World Bank funded projects may make it difficult to ensure the project implementation pace and quality; so the PMO and PIUs members should improve their capacity via training and study tours in order to guarantee the smooth implementation of the project.
（3）Project Management Office Equipment
As the PMO is established for this World Bank project, but not a permanent institution, the office needs to be provided with office facilities/equipment to fulfill the work.
2.4 The Project Organization Agencies & Implementation Agencies
2.4.1 Project Organization Agency
On 6th August 2013, Guilin Municipality set up the project leading group (PLG) for Guilin Integrated Environmental Management Project, and appointed the standing vice mayor as the leader of the PLG. The members of the PLG come from the municipal government, municipal DRC, finance bureau, land resource bureau, environmental protection bureau, house and construction bureau, auditing bureau, planning bureau, water resources bureau, Lingui New District Management Committee, and Suqiao Development Zone Management Committee. Under the PLG, there is a project office, which is under the municipal DRC. The vice director of the municipal DRC is also the director of the office.
2.4.2 Project Implementation Units (PIUs)
As per the description of the project contents in the sections above, the responsibility matrix could be found in Table 2.4-1.
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Table 2.4-1 Responsibility Distribution Matrix of the Project No. Component Title Responsible Agencies Guilin Municipal Water Supply I Guilin City Water Supply Network Company Upgrading the City WWTPs, Drainage PSs, and the Urban Guilin Municipal Drainage II Drainage Network Company Guilin Municipal Drainage III Sludge Disposal Company Water Environment Monitoring and Pollution Source Guilin Municipal Environnemental IV Management Information System (MIS) of Guilin City Protection Bureau V Capacity Building and Project Support PMO and PIUs 2.5 Due Diligence Study of the Linked Projects
The linked project to this Project is the Chengbei Water Supply Phase II of Guilin City, which is the water source for the water supply component of this Project. Chengbei Water Supply Phase II is located on the east side of the newly acquired area of Chengbei WTP Phase I ,with the water supply capacity of 200,000 m3/d and reserved land for expansion for another 200,000 m3/d in the long run. The engineering contents include water intaking engineering (i.e. civil works for water taking of 400,000 m3/d, and equipment for 200,000 m3/d, reserving an expansion scope for water taking amount of 200,000 m3/d in the long run); water purification engineering (i.e. adding civil works and equipment for the capacity of 200,000 m3/d, reserving expansion scope for water taking amount for 200,000 m3/d in the long run), and the auxiliary structures and the transfer/distribution network systems for Phase II.
The water intake of Phase II (new part) is located to the 50 meter point at the west side of that for Phase I (that is in the 100 m point to the south side of Damianyu Raft Bridge of Lingchuan County, to the west side of the main channel of Lijiang River, and 1 km upstream of Nanzhou Bridge). The intake PSis located at Damianyu Baishitan, next to Lijiang (i.e. the 20 m point to the north side of Phase I PS), next to Lijiang in the east, close to the planned Binjiangdi Road in the west side, in the south side, it is the existing intake PS for Phase I; and in the north side, there are scattered residential houses for Damian village. The new WTP area is located in Nanzhou village, Dahe Township, Diecai District (i.e. to the 40 point of the east side of Phase I WTP), next to the planned Binjiangdi Road in the east side, and in the south and north sides, there is wasteland, and next to the planned urban road in the west side.
The water supply service area when completed will cover: Lingui New District, Chengbei
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District, Guilin Old Town (Mid and North Area and part of East Area) and Bali Street Area of Lingchuan.
As per the “Environment Impact Assessment Report on Chengbei Water Supply Plant Phase II of Guilin City” developed by Guilin Municipal Environmental Protection Research Institute in Sep. 2011, the environmental protection measures for Phase II should be basically the same as those for Phase I. The industrial wastewater will be recycled for production (mainly various flush sludge and back wash wastewater); the domestic wastewater will be transported to Beichong WWTP for treatment. Noise will be insulated and mitigated via low noise equipments, shock-pads, sound insulating material etc. The major solid waste, the sludge cake, will be transported to the landfill site as the back filling soil. According to the operation result of Phase I (all meet standard), all environmental protection measures can ensure that water discharge, air pollution and acoustic noise can be in compliance with the discharge standard. Solid waste disposal can meet the concerning environmental protection requirements.
The total investment of the project is RMB Y 888.463,9 million, of which RMB Y15.01 million will be used for environmental protection. The project is expected to be commissioned in December 2017 as to be properly connected to the network completion of this Project. The project EA has been disclosed twice in accordance with the domestic requirement in “Provisional Measures for Public Participation for Environment Impact Assessment” and questionnaire survey on public participation was done once. The EIA report has included the environmental management plan (construction and operation period). The project EIA was reviewed and approved by Guilin Municipal EPB on 16 November 2012 (Shihuanguan No. 13 [2012])
Based on the monitoring and analysis of the water from the water source, 22 basic items plus 5 supplementary items were monitored. All basic items meet the standard of Class II in the “Environment Quality Standard for Surface Water” (GB3838-2002) and all the supplementary and the specific items meet the requirement of the standard limiting values in the “Environment Quality Standard for Surface Water” (GB3838-2002).
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3 Current Environmental & Social Status
3.1 Overview of the Natural Environment
3.1.1 Overview of the Natural Environment (1) Geographical Location
Guilin is a world famous scenic tourist city and a famous historic and cultural city. The city is located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, at the south end of Hunan-Guilin Corridor, and neighboring to Hunan Province in the east and north. Hunan-Guilin Railway runs through the Lijiang River, Guizhou-Guangzhou Express Railway in construction passes through the whole city, and national highways 321, 322 and 323 pass by the city. Located at the east longitude 109°36′~111°29′ and north latitude 24°15′~26°23′, the city has an average latitude of 150m, and its north and south sides have a common boundary with Hunan Province, its west and southwest sides are connected with Laibin City, and its south and southeast sides are connected with Wuzhou City and Hezhou City. The municipal jurisdiction area may be referred in Fig 3.1-1
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Fig 3.1-1 Map of Guilin Municipal Jurisdiction Area
(2) Geology and Topography
Guilin is located at the southwest of Nanling Mountain System, and in the basin surrounded by the mountain ridges with an altitude of more than 1,000m, like Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 48
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Yuecheng Mountain, Haiyang Mountain, Jiaqiao Mountain and Tianping Mountain, etc. The topography is low and flat, and tilts slightly from the north to the south generally; and the ground altitude is 140~160m. In the urban area, there are two series of landforms, namely karst landform and fluvial landform, which of complicated types and diversified forms. Mountains, hills and plains (including valley, terrace, downland, and piedmont alluvial fan, etc.) are distributed here, and where, plains prevail, and account for 65% of the total area of the urban area, secondary to which is mountains, which account for 30%, and hills account for 5%.
Guilin is located between the south section of north wing and the top of the south-north arc structure, and the structure line gives priority to nearly south north – north north east trending. From west to east, the main folds include Tangjiawan Anticline and Yaoshan Anticline. The main fractures include Reed Flute Cave --- Yaotoushan Fracture and Yaoshan Fracture, which were generated and developed in the Mesozoic Indosinian --- Stage of Yanshan. In the Cenozoic Himalayan period, the priority was given to rising activity, and small-scale north-west fractures were developed locally. The karst geological disasters mainly include karst collapse, dilapidation, and landslide.
(3) Meteorology and Climate
Guilin City is located in the north of the Tropic of Cancer, and belongs to subtropical warm and humid monsoon region. According to the data provided by Guilin Weather Station, we know the weather data here as shown below: Multi-year mean rainfall 1917mm,multi-year mean temperature 18.8℃, highest temperature over the past years 39.4℃, lowest air temperature -4.5℃, average relative temperature over the past years 75.8%, average evaporation over the past years 1494mm, multi-year average wind speed 2.6m/s, relative humidity 75.8%, average evaporation over the past years 1494mm, multi-year average wind speed 2.6m/s, extreme wind speed 31.9m/s, and corresponding wind direction WNW.
(4) Surface water
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The main rivers in Guilin include the Lijiang River, Taohua River, Xiangsi River, Yijiang River, Dajiang River, Jinbao River, and Dayuan River, etc., all of which belong to Xijiang River Water System in the Pearl River Basin. The rivers are of 692.97km in total length, and cover a total catchment area of 3,971.09km2. The main regions belong to the Lijiang River Basin, while some parts belong to the Liujiang River Basin. The annual runoff and the annual total rainfall of the rivers in the whole city are 16.958 billion m3 and 9.2 billion m3 respectively, and these rivers are the main source of water supply for surface water and ground water. The total quantity of water resources in the whole city is 12.072 billion m3.
The Lijiang River is sourced from the south foot of Laoshan Bound in the northeast of Maoer Mountain, the main peak of Yuecheng Mountain in the northwest of Xing’an County, Guangxi. It is the general term of the river sections in the upstream of Guijiang River belonging to the Xijiang River Water System in the Pearl River Basin. The Lijiang River flows from the northeast to the southwest, and after arriving at Guilin, it flows from the northwest to the southeast. The headstream section of the Lijiang River is called as Wugui River; the section after Tangfangbian is called as Jiyi River; the section extending to Qianjia Temple is called as Ludong River; the section after joining Huangbai River and Chuanjiang River is called as Darong River; the section after joining the ancient canal Ling Canal at Longshui Street, Rongjiang Town is called as Liangjiang River, which flows through Xing’an, Lingchuan, Guilin, Yangsuo, and Pingle, etc.; and the section after joining the tributary Lipu River and Gongcheng River is called as Guijiang River. Above Yangsuo, the relatively big tributaries of the Lijiang River include Huangbai River, Chuanjiang River, Xiaorong River, Gantang River, Taohua River, Liangfeng River, and Chaotian River, etc., wherein, Huangbai River, Chuanjiang River, Xiaorong River, Gantang River and Taohuang River join the Lijiang River in the upstream of Guilin. The total length is 116km, including 40km in urban area; and the upstream catchment area is 2,860km2. The multi-year average rainfall is 1,897mm, the maximum flow rate is up to 7,800 m3/s, and the multi-year average flow rate is 128 m3/s. In the Lijiang River Basin,
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there are sufficient rainfall and water yield, but there are great differences of rainfall and flow rate in ample season and dry season. Upstream Ludong River, Chuanjiang River, Xiaorong River and Gantang River are among the central-west rainstorm areas in Guangxi Province. Here, the multi-year average rainfall is above 2,000mm, flood appears in March ~ August generally, especially frequently in May and June, and flood rises and falls sharply; but in autumn and winter, it’s dry here. With the maximum sand content of 0.934 kg/ m3 and the annual average sand content of 0.020～0.091kg m3, it is one of the rivers having the minimum sand content in Guangxi.
In Guilin City, there are more than 20 small- and medium-sized reservoirs, and three major reservoirs. Wherein, the large-scale reservoir is Qingshitan Reservice, which has a catchment area of 474km2, total reservoir capacity of 600 million m3, and effective reservoir capacity of 372 million m3; the medium-sized reservoir Jinling Reservoir has a catchment area of 22.5km2, total reservoir capacity of 21.21 million m3, and effective reservoir capacity of 12.81 million m3; and the medium-sized reservoir Dajiang River Reservoir has a catchment area of 60.22km2, total reservoir capacity of 41.60million m3, and effective reservoir capacity of 29.82 million m3;
(5) Ground water
In Guilin City, there are extremely developed karst geological structures, many underground karst caves, and abundant ground water resources. Plentiful high-quality ground water is distributed extensively at a shallow level. The whole city has an ground water reserve of around 3.025 billion m3. The ground water mainly includes interstitial water, karst water, and fracture water. Ground water belongs to H2CO3—Ca· Mg in terms of chemical property, and with the mineralization degree 100~300mg/L, pH value7~8, total hardness 6~16, ground water here may be used for various purposes. The ground water supply is mainly sourced from atmospheric precipitation, which accounts for 93% of total water supply. The water supply is 150,000t/d in dry year and 190,000t/d in normal flow year. The annual range of
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change in water level is 1~5 m.
(6) Animal and Plant Resources
In Guilin, there are 1,516,500 ha. forests and 1,500 kinds of plants at present, including rare varieties specially protected by the country, such as Taxus chinensis var. mairei, ginkgo, resource fir, spinulose tree fern, tsoongiodendron odorum chun, Chinese red pine, Diplopanax, and Tsuga longibracteata, etc.. In addition, there are abundant medical plants and fruit tree resources. The forest coverage rate is 61.08%. The city flower of Guilin is osmanthus, and there are more than 100,000 osmanthus trees in the urban area. The other common trees in the urban area include camphor tree, Cinnamomum pedunculatum Nees, Ligustrun lucidum Ait, Chinese scholar tree, paulownia fortunei, chinaberry, wild jujube, and Chinese tallow tree, etc.. In urban area of Guilin, the total greening area is 1,930hm, the greening coverage ratio is 35.1%, and the per capita public green space is 6.1m2.
The wild animal resources in Guilin include Paguma larvata, Tragopan caboti,Muntiacus reevesi , pangolin, golden pheasant, bear, leopard, fox, monkey, turtledove, owl, giant salamander, snakes, babbler, and mouse, etc., which are mainly distributed in the lonely mountaneous areas of each county of the city. There are more than ten kinds of livestock and poultry here, including pig, cattle, sheep, dog, cat, rabbit, chicken, and duck, etc., as well as 144 kinds of fish resources, with bream prevailing.
(7) Seismic Intensity
According to the Seismic Intensity Zoning Map of China issued by the State Seismological Bureau in 1990, the basic seismic intensity in the assessed region is 6 degree.
3.2 Social Overview
(1) Administrative Division and Population
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Guilin City governs five urban districts (Xiangshan, Xiufeng, Diecai, Qixing, and Yanshan) and 12 counties (Yangsuo, Lingui, Lingchuan, Xing’an, Quanzhou, Ziyuan, Guanyang, Longsheng, Yongfu, Pingle, Gongcheng and Lipu), owns one national level high-tech industry development zone and two provincial-level economic and technical development zones, covers a total area of 27,809km2, and has a total population of 4.98 million.
(2) Social and Economic Overview
In 2012, the urban area of Guilin realized regional total output value of RMB Y149.205 billion, representing an increase of 13.3%. Wherein, the agricultural value added was RMB Y27.451 billion, representing an increase of 6.6%; the total industrial output value and the value added were RMB Y182.159 billion and RMB Y58.303 billion, representing an increase of 22.6% and 19.3% respectively, and the rate of industry’s contribution to economic growth was up to 58.3%. The industrial fixed asset investment was RMB Y53.826 billion, representing an increase of 45.3%; the value added of large-scale industry was RMB Y49.481 billion, representing an increase of 24.5%; the value added of the tertiary industry was RMB Y52.260 billion, representing an increase of 9.2%. The whole society’s fixed asset investment was RMB Y146.240 billion, representing an increase of 28.2%. Organizations’ financial revenue was RMB Y16.356 billion, representing an increase of 15.2%. The balance of various loans of financial institutions in banking was RMB Y105.315 billion, representing an increase of 16.1%. Urban residents’ per capita disposable income was RMB Y22,300, representing an increase of 12.2%; peasants’ per capita net income was RMB Y7,328, representing an increase of 15.9%. The urbanization rate was up to 41.8%. Main economic indexes grew by a degree higher than the expected degree, and the growth rate of the indexes like regional total output value, the total output value and value added of the first industry, and the total output value and value added of large-scale industry, etc. ranked a leading place in the whole region. The total tourist income was RMB Y27.687 billion, representing an increase of 26.8%, and the quality efficiency of tourism industry was improved obviously. “Green Guilin” Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 53
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Afforestation and Greening Project was elected to be an advanced project in the whole area, and the whole city’s forest coverage rate was 70.94%, and urban green coverage rate was 43.72%, ranking a leading place in the whole area.
3.3 Current Status and Plan of Water Supply
3.3.1 Current Status of Water Supply
(1) Current Status of Water Supply in Urban Area of Guilin
In the main urban area of Guilin, there are four water treatment plants, namely Dongzhen Road, Dongjiang, Wayao, and Chengbei WTPs, with a total designed capacity of 440,000m3/d, and the actual water supply capacity is 390,000 m3/d, all using Lijiang as its water source intake. Among the four WTPs, the designed scale of Wayao WTP is 140,000 m3/d, while that of Dongjiang, Dongzhen Road, and Chengbei WTP is 100,000 m3/d respectively. At present, the scope of water supply in Guilin extends to Tieshan Industry Park in the east, Yanshan District in the south, Balijie in the north, and Lingui in the west, forming a ring-shaped water supply pattern and basically covering completed urban areas.
Dongzhen Road WTP was constructed in 1937 at Dongzhen Road, which is at the west side of the Lijiang River and the north side of Diecai Mountain in the old urban center; after phase-II project expansion in 1986-1987, the WTP had a total water supply capacity of up to 100,000 m3/d. This WTP mainly supplies water to the areas in the north of Nanmen Bridge and in the south of North Huancheng Road. In recent years, for reason of facility aging and high load, etc., the average daily water supply is not more than 50,000 m3/d (42,000 m3/d in 2009, 44,000 m3/d in 2010, 46,000 m3/d in 2011, and 44,000 m3/d in 2012). The WTP occupies only 17 mu of land. It seems that the WTP is crowded and narrow, and cannot be further expanded.
Dongjiang WTP is located at the east side of Shijiayuan Road and on the Longyin Road, which is in the east of the Lijiang River and at the south side of Qixing Park. Dongjiang WTP was constructed in 1974 with a designed water supply capacity of
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10,000 m3/d. For narrow site of original water works, the water works was moved to and expanded at the south side of Longyinqiao Road and the west root of Wangcheng Hillock in 1988. After being completed and used to supply water in July 1993, the WTP had a water supply capacity of 60,000 m3/d. After phase-II expansion project was completed in December 2000, the water supply capacity reached up to 100,000 m3/d. The plant area covers 43 mu of land. It mainly supplies water to the areas in the east of the Lijiang River, and meanwhile, it is connected with the water supply system at the west side of the Lijiang River through two DN500 cross-river pipelines at Lijiang Bridge. The areas surrounding this water works are close to urban roads and residences, and no land is reserved for expansion.
Wayao WTP is located in the east of the Lijiang River and at the west side of East Wayao Road. The WTP was completed in 1958, and after completion of supporting facilities in 1966, it had a water supply capacity of 20,000 m3/d. After phase-I project expansion in 1986, the WTP had a water supply capacity of up to 70,000 m3/d. After phase-II project expansion in 1995, the water supply capacity reached up to 140,000 m3/d. This WTP occupies 63mu of land, and its main water supply scope covers some areas in the south of Nanmen Bridge, Lingui County, and Yanshan District. The areas surrounding this WTP are close to urban roads and residences, and no land is reserved for expansion.
Chengbei WTP is located at Nanzhou Village, which is in the upstream of Guilin upstream area and at the west side of the Lijiang River, and it is close to Balijie Area in the west. The phase-I project was initially prepared in 1997, constructed with the fourth batch of yen loans, and put into use in June 2005. The principal structures are constructed as per the 100,000m3/d water supply scale, and a land for expansion of 100,000m3/d scale is reserved. The WTP occupies around 120 mu of land. The trunk water supply pipes are spread along Beihe Road – Beichen Road – Middle Zhongshan Road and East Second Ring Road. The main water supply scope covers Balijie Area, Dongcheng District, Qintan Area and Lingui County. A land is reserved for expansion next to the plant. Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 55
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In the main urban area, there are two water supply boosting pumping stations at present, and they are Wanfu Road Booster PSand Yanshan Booster Pumping station. Wherein, Wanfu Road Booster PSis located at Wanfu Road, and adopts one DN600 water supply pipe for water supply and drainage; with civil construction based on 30,000 m3/d, Wanfu Road Booster PSsupplies around 15,000 m3/d to New Lingui District at present, and the intake is mainly from Wayao Water Works. Yanshan Booster PS is located at Guiyang Road, and in the south of Around-City Expressway. With civil construction based on 30,000 m3/d, Yanshan Boosting PS supplies around 15,000 m3/d water to Yanshan District at present, and the water is mainly from Wayao Water Treatment Plant.
(2) Current Status of Water Supply in Lingui County
At present, Lingui takes the tap water supply of Guilin as water source, and has one Lingui Booster Pumping station, which has a water supply capacity of around 20,000m3/d. It has a booster PS at Wanfu Road, with a scale of around 15,000m3/d. At present, Lingui urban area has two-way water supply by dint of Lingui Booster Station and Wanfu Road Booster Station. Wherein, Wanfu Road Booster Station supplies water to Lingui through one DN600 trunk water supply pipe, and the average daily water supply of the two booster stations to Lingui is around 35,000m3/d.
(3) Current Status of Water Supply in Liangjiang Air Port Area
Guilin Liangjiang International Airport has a self-constructed WTP, with water sourced from the Yijiang River, and the first-stage intake pump house constructed at Guling. Raw water is delivered with one DN300 and one DN250 pipe to the Airport Water Treatment Plant, and the water delivery pipeline is 4.3km in total. The first-stage intake pump house is equipped with three clean water centrifugal pumps, with individual pump flow rate of 160m3/h, and the maximum water supply capacity of the pump station is around 400m3/h.
The airport self-operated WTP is equipped with 3 water treatment lines (inclined tube clarifiers + filtration), with single line water production capacity of 1980 m3/d under Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 56
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the raw water turbidity below 1000NTU. In 2008, the maximum daily water consumption of the whole airport was 5500 m3/d, and the daily average water consumption fluctuated within the range between 3500~4000 m3/d all the year around. In summer, the water supply at the airport was extremely insufficient, and the water supply pressure at many water user points dropped greatly. At present, the Airport’s self-constructed WTP is operating with full capacity, and the water supply is insufficient in the peak period of water demand in summer.
3.3.2 Water Supply Plan in the Future
According to the Guilin Urban Master Plan Outline (2010-2020), the central urban area of Guilin City will be composed of 17 areas in 8 clusters. With the calculation, the permanent resident pollution by 2025 will reach around 1.1435 million. During the peak season for tourism, the floating population is around 220,600, and the total population would be 1.364 million. The water supply quantity of each areas could be found in Table 3.3-1.
Table 3.3-1 Water Consumption Projection Table of Each Cluster (Area) Floating Permanent Daily water Total Water Population No. Cluster name Area name Resident Populat. consumption Consumption (1000 (10,000 persons) (10,000m3/d) (10,000m3/d) persons). Old City Area 4 1.2 2.15 Old Central Xiangshan 1 Urban Area 6 3.3 3.35 11.5 Area Cluster Diecai Area 10 2.5 6 Diecai Area 6.3 2.2 3.4 Diecai Balijie 2 Balijie Area 8 1 4.0 9.8 cluster Tiexi Area 4.5 1.2 2.4 Wayao Wayao Area 9.4 2.1 4.95 Dafeng 3 Dafengshan 8.1 Mountain 6 1 3.15 Cluster Area Lingui Area 7 1.2 3.3 Central 2.2 1 1.3 Business area Lingui West Lingui 6 1 3.0 4 District area 10.0 Cluster Yangtang 2 1.2 Area Miaoling 2 1.2 Area
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Floating Permanent Daily water Total Water Population No. Cluster name Area name Resident Populat. consumption Consumption (1000 (10,000 persons) (10,000m3/d) (10,000m3/d) persons). North Sitang 2 1.1 Sitang Area 5 2.2 Cluster South Sitang 2 1.1 Area North Qixing 7.2 2.5 4.0 Area South Qixing Qixing 10 2.5 5.1 6 Area 13.4 Cluster Tieshan Area 5 0.2 2.5 Yaoshan 5 0.2 1.8 School Area Yanshan 7 9.8 3.5 3.5 Cluster Liangjiang 8 Airport 1.0 1.0 Cluster Total 114.4 22 59.5 59.5
At the present, there are four WTPs in Guilin City with total design capacity 440,000m3/d and actual capacity is 390,000m3/d. In view of that, Dongzhen Road Water Treatment Plant operates with downsized capacity, while Dongjiang Water Treatment Plant and Wayao Water Treatment Plant maintain the designed water supply capacity, then in 2020, Guilin will still have a gap of 178,200m3/d between water supply and demand. . Among the other three WTPs, only Chengbei WTP has sufficient land in surrounding areas, and this plant area is located in the upstream of this city and has good intake conditions; while Dongjiang WTP, Dongzhen Road WTP, and Wayao WTP don’t have sufficient land for expansion. Therefore, it’s planned to expand the water supply scale of Chengbei WTP to 300,000 m3/d, namely to expand the WTP by 200,000 m3/d based on the existing scale 100,000 m3/d, in order to meet the demand of Guilin urban area on water.
3.4 Current Status and Planning of Drainage System
3.4.1 Current Status of Drainage System
(1) Current Drainage Status of Guilin Urban Area
Guilin urban drainage system are mainly constructed and operated by Guilin Drainage
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Co. Ltd, which is also responsible for the supervision of sewer network. The constructed length of sewer network in urban area (excluding Lingui Area) is 507.7km.
Three wastewater systems have been formed in the main urban areas of Guilin: (1) The North Area Wastewater System provides services for the main urban areas in the north of Laoren Mountain and Mulong Lake line, and in the west of the Lijiang River; (2) the Central-south Area Wastewater System provides services for the main urban areas in the south of Laoren Mountain and Mulong Lake line, and in the west of the Lijiang River; (3) East Area Wastewater System provides services for the urban areas in the East of the Lijiang River.
North Area is located upstream of whole City of Guilin. Existing wastewater treatment facility is Beichong WWTP. It has designed daily wastewater treatment capacity of 30,000m3/d and commissioned in 2005, adopting A2/O process with effluent quality in compliance of Grade-I Cat B of the WWTP effluent standard. With the increase of wastewater in this area, the amount exceeding the its capacity can be transferred to East Area Wastewater Treatment System through Nanzhouqiao Pumping Station.
The main urban area, wastewater system has basically established a complete system for wastewater collection and transfer. Each wastewater system has own WWTP, which are in normal operation. Shangyao WWTP takes charge of treating the wastewater from Guilin Central-south Area Wastewater System, which collects the wastewater from the largest scope of urban areas in Guilin, including the central cluster of the Old Urban Area Cluster, Tiexi Area, Wayao Area, and Dafengshan Area. Wastewater is mainly collected and raised to Shangyao WWTP through Mantoushan Pumping station, Pingshan Pumping station, Nanmenqiao Pumping station, and Guniushan Pumping station, etc. Shangyao WWTP consists of phase-I and phase-II plant areas; wherein, phase-I plant, put into production in 1981 and reconstructed in 2008, has a scale of 45,000 m3/d, and executes Grade-I Cat. B standard for the
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effluent. Phase-II plant was commissioned in 1996 with capacity of 100,000m3/d in compliance of effluent standard Grade- Cat. II.
Qilidian WWTP takes charge of treating the wastewater in the urban areas in the east of the Lijiang River and partial wastewater in the North Area of Guilin City. Qilidian WWTP has initial treatment capacity 40000m3/d when commissioned in 1989 but was upgraded to 60,000m3/d (Grade I- Cat B effluent standard) for the existing Phase I plant. The Phase II of the WWTP was in construction, with designed wastewater treatment capacity of 100,000m3/d (Grade I - Cat B effluent standard).
Outside the main urban area, Yanshan district has formed preliminary wastewater system, including Yanshan WWTP, which is normal operation. The plant is responsible of treating the wastewater in Yanshan District, and the service area here is 5km2. With designed daily wastewater treatment scale of 20,000m3/d, and put into operation in 2009, Yanshan WWTP adopts CASS process with effluent in compliance with Grade-I Cat B
Following problems are encountered for the existing wastewater systems:
1) Relatively low standard adopted in original design. At present, WWTPs in Guilin are required to meet grade-I A standard. Therefore all the WWTPs mentioned above are required to be rehabilitated as to meet the effluent standards Grade I – Cat B in order to reduce the discharge of pollutants and protect the Lijiang River.
2) The WWTPs in Guilin are mostly constructed on the borderland of original urban areas. In the recent two decades, Guilin has enjoyed fast urban development, original borderlands have nearly become urban areas. The impact of odors from WWTPs on surrounding environment has become more and more sensitive.
3) Aging, poor reliability, and high energy consumption of facilities. This is not good for energy saving and emission reduction. Moreover, this reduces the reliability of the equipment and it is necessary to rehabilitate the existing facilities.
4) Poor dewatering effect. The existing WWTPs basically realize dewatering through
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direct concentration of excess sludge, and the dewatered sludge has high water content, averagely 82%~85%. This brings about negative impact on the sludge transport and disposal, so it’s necessary to improve the sludge dewatering facilities, including dosing facilities, in order to improve the sludge dewatering effect.
5) Existing drainage pumping stations need to be rehabilitated urgently. In most of pumping stations, the facilities are aging with frequent failures and low efficiency. The pumping stations are located in the densely populated areas and odor from the pumping operation has great impact on surrounding, There are not metering devices for some drainage pumping stations.
6) The wastewater pipelines are been built for many years and some old and aged pipelines are clogged, settled, misaligned and leaked. The ground water infiltrates the sewers and this leads to concentration of WWTP inflow decrease; In some areas, the wastewater may intrude the ground water due to leakage.
(2) Existing Situation of Lingui District
There are to WWTPs in New Lingui District, which is mainly to treat wastewater of this area. Lingui Xicheng WWTP was invested and constructed by Lingui Urban Investment Company. It was commissioned in 2010 wastewater treatment capacity of 30,000m3/d, meeting the standard of Grade I- Cat A for effluent.. The Lingui New District WWTP, invested and constructed by Guilin Drainage Co Ltd, is under construction with treatment capacity of 30,000m3/d, meeting the standard of Grade I- Cat A for effluent
With the expansion of county town, the construction of the drainage system is to be well developed. The total length of the sewers in the urban setup areas has reached 98.75km. The drainage mains are d800-d1000 along Renmin Road and d600-d1000 along the Xicheng Avenue. Wastewater is drained to Xiaotaipinghe Wastewater Lifting PS, then discharged to Xicheng WWTP.
The existing problems are as shown below:
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1) The drainage regime is laggard, and drainage system is imperfect;
2) The municipal drainage infrastructure and pipeline are lack of maintenance. The wastewater pipes in the county seat have ever been maintained and cleaned once after being completed many years ago, but some pipes fail to exert their due function due to blockage, subsidence and dislocation.
3) The municipal infrastructure construction is laggard. For lack of capital, municipal drainage infrastructure construction is relatively laggard, and this has severely affected the water environment and the development of economic construction in the county.
(3) Current Status of Drainage in Lingchuan East Balijie Cluster
Lingchuan East Balijie Cluster is located in the east completed area, which is on the plot in the east of Balijie Hunan-Guangxi Railway, close to the Lijiang River, and gives priority to the land for commerce & trade and residence. It covers a land of around 5.72 km2. According to the planning, the wastewater in East Balijie Cluster will be treated by the WWTPs in Guilin. The concrete planning scheme is to construct one wastewater lifting PS in the east completed area for lifting the wastewater gathered in the East Area (rain-wastewater splitting), and then to transport the wastewater along the main wastewater pipe in the sections of Balisi Road, Lingchuan Avenue, and North Zhongshan Road to a WWTP in Guilin City. Underground wastewater lifting pumping station, with designed flow rate of 10,000 m3/d has been constructed in the east completed area. However, the wastewater collecting pipeline network is not perfect enough. The drainage pipe at some raods is of direct drainage type, and wastewater is directly drained to the Lijiang River, resulting in the pollution of the water body.
The basic data of Guilin Wastewater Systems are summarized in Table 3.4-1.
Table 3.4-1 The basic data of Guilin Wastewater Systems
Name of Service Exist. Existing WWTP No Notes system Area Service Name Commission. Process Std Capacity Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 62
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Population Date (x1000 x1000 m3/d） person Conventional Main Beichong Grad Shutdown in 1982 Activated 0.35 Urban Phase I II 2004 Area- Sludge North of bordered North by 1 14.7 Grad Area Laoren Beichong I- Shan & 2004 A2/O 3.00 Phase II Cat Mulong B Hu, Lijiang at west Main Grad Urban Shangyao I- Renovated in 1981 A/O 4.5 Area- Phase I Cat 2008 South of B bordered Central by 2 South 32.7 Laoren Area Shan & Shangyaao Grad 1996 A2/O 10.0 Mulong Phase II II Hu, Lijiang at west Qilidian Grad Renovated 1989 A/O 6.0 Main Phase I II several times Urban East Grad 3 Area- 16.4 Area Qilidian I- Under East of / A2/O 10.00 Phase II Cat commissioning Lijiang B Grad Lingui County Xicheng I- 2010 CASS 3.0 Chengtou WWTP Cat Lingui Invest Co. Lingui B 4 New 4.5 Area Liggui Grad Area New I- Under / A2/O 3.0 District Cat commissioning WWTP B Grad Yanshan Yanshan Yanshan I- 5 0.8 2010 A2/O 2.0 Area Area WWTP Cat B Total 69.1 41.5
The name of pollutant receiving water body for each WWTP, and the surface water function zoning executed by them are as shown in Table 3.4-2 and attached Fig 3.4-1
Table 3.4-2 Schedule of Water Function Zoning of Pollutant Receiving Water Body of Each WWTP
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No. Concrete location Name of pollution-accepting Water function water body zoning 1 Beichong WWTP Taohua River Class Ⅳ 2 Qilidian WWTP Lijiang River Class Ⅳ 3 Shangyao WWTP Nanwan River Class Ⅳ 4 Yanshan WWTP Liangfeng River Class Ⅳ 5 Lingui WWTP Xiaotaiping River Class Ⅲ
3.4.2 Drainage Plan
The quantity of wastewater within the service scope of the wastewater systems in the service scope in 2025 will be predicted through the reduction of proposed water consumption. The reduction coefficient is considered to be 0.80. The quantity of wastewater is as shown in Table 3.4-3.
Table 3.4-3 Wastewater Quantity Projection for 2025 Table
Served Name of Maximum Daily Average Service population Wastewater No. wastewater water change water scope (10,000 (10,000m3/d) system consumption coefficient consumption persons) Diecai 1 North Area Balijie 23.2 9.8 1.2 8.2 6.6 Cluster Old Central Urban Central-south Area, 2 44.4 19.6 1.2 16.3 13.0 Area Wayao Dafengshan Clusters Qixing and 3 East Area Tieshan 32.6 13.4 1.2 11.2 8.9 Clusters Lingui Area, Central Lingui Business 4 22.4 10（8.8） 1.3 6.8 5.4 District District, Lingui West Area, Sitang Area Yanshan 5 Yanshan 9.8 3.5 1.3 2.7 2.2 Cluster Sitang 6 Sitang south and 4 2.2 1.25 1.8 1.4 north area Liangjiang 7 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.6 Airport Area Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 64
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Total 136.4 58.3 47.7 38.1
Fig 3.4-1
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In view of that, Beichong WWTP is located in the upstream of the Lijiang River water system, and has no environmental capacity for its expansion, so the existing wastewater treatment capacity of 30,000m3/d in the North Area will be maintained, and the added wastewater in the North Area will be transported to the East Area for treatment.
The wastewater collection rate in the urban area of Guilin is up to 87% at present, and is estimated to reach up to 90% averagely in 2020. New Lingui District and Yanshan District are developing, and the wastewater collection rate here is estimated to be 85%. On this basis, the scale of wastewater system engineering in Guilin is as shown in Table 3.4-4.
Table 3.4-4 Scale of Wastewater System Engineering in Guilin City in 2020
Unit: 10,000m3/d
Newly Actual Treatment Existing increased Wastewater treatment capacity treatment No. treatment Remark system capacity demanded in capacity in capacity in in 2012 2020 2012 2020 The wastewater exceeding the existing 1 North Area 3.00 6.0 3.0 Unnecessary treatment capacity will be transported to the East Area. 2 East Area 5.95 9.0 16.0 Unnecessary Central-south 3 11.04 12.0 14.5 Unnecessary Area Lingui 4 2.24 10.0 6.0 Necessary District 5 Yanshan 0.92 2.0 2.0 Unnecessary Total 23.15 39.0 41.5
The water consumption in the urban area (namely the areas covered by the North Area, East Area, and Central-south Area aiming at wastewater treatment) of Guilin is basically maintained stable, so the wastewater generated in the urban area is also Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 66
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relatively stable. The present wastewater treatment capacity is sufficient to meet the demand of future demand, and it’s unnecessary to expand or newly construct WWTPs.
Lingui District will be the key point in the future development of Guilin, so it’s predicted that, the quantity of wastewater in Lingui District will increase quickly. However, the development of a new district is usually confronted with great uncertainty. At present, the water supply in Lingui District is around more than 30,000 m3/d, and the treatment capacity of Xicheng WWTP is around 20,000-28,000 m3/d. After New Lingui District WWTP is completed, the treatment capacity will reach up to 60,000 m3/d; by 2020, the treatment capacity reserved, equivalent to more than one time of the present treatment capacity, will be sufficient to cope with the uncertainty of development. Therefore, it’s suggested to determine the opportunity and capacity for expanding the new WWTPs upon the development of new areas in Lingui Administrative Center District.
3.5 Current Sludge Disposal Status and Plan
3.5.1 Current Status of Sludge Disposal
According to the statistical data provided by Guilin Drainage Company, the quantity of main pollutants eliminated and sludge of the WWTPs in Guilin in 2012 were as shown in Table 3.5-1
Table 3.5-1 Monthly Statistical Report on Sludge Produced of Each WWTP in Guilin in 2012
Treatment BOD SS Water No. Name capacity eliminated eliminated Sludge content (10,000m3/d) (mg/L) (mg/L) 1 Beichong 3.00 84.08 90.77 19.18 83.9% 2 Qilidian Phase-I, 5.95 104.12 76.06 54.86 84.6% 3 Shangyao Phase-I 2.40 82.28 103.18 14.38 81.5% 4 Shangyao Phase-II 8.64 102.92 120.58 65.17 81.5% 5 Yanshan 0.92 115.81 90.36 4.05 81.7% Total 20.91 97.84* 96.19* 157.64 82.6%* Note: * indicates arithmetic average value.
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In order to find a way out for the sludge produced by the WWTPs in operation in Guilin, the city constructed one high-temperature aerobic compositing sludge disposal site with designed treatment capacity of 120m3/d (dewatered sludge with water content of 80%) at Shangyao WWTP in December 2009, in order to collect all the sludge from the WWTPs of the urban areas of Giulin to be disposed by composting, and at present, the sludge disposal site is in over-load operation. After composting, the sludge meets the standard of urban construction industry in terms of the sludge content, hygienics indicators and heavy metal indicator, and can be used to fertilize forest lands.
3.5.2 Problems Existed
(1) The method for sludge disposal is simplex. The wet sludge produced from WWTPs has a relatively high water content after dewatering, and so, it is not well accepted by landfills and coal-fired power generation plants nearby. At present, the method for sludge disposal in Guilin is mainly sludge composting.
(2) Composting yard has great impact on the environment. The sludge composting yard already completed can achieve the objectives of sludge reduction, harmless treatment, and resource-oriented utilization. But the composting workshop is initially designed to be semi-open type, and the workshop is of big area, so even though the odor in the composting workshop is treated by means of collection, water washing, and ion deodorization, etc., it’s still difficult to completely collect odor, which has brought about great impact on surrounding air environment.
(3) There is problem with the land used for composting yard. The existing composting yards occupy the land reserved for Shangyao WWTP, so Shangyao WWTP is lack of sufficient land for its development.
(4) There are risks in the transport of wet sludge. In future, along with the development of urban area and New Lingui District of Guilin, the wastewater and sludge generated will be increased year after year, so at present, we shall first reduce the sludge generated, in order to reduce the environmental risk in the transport of
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sludge.
3.5.3 Sludge Quantity Projection
At certain temperature, the output of sludge is related to the age of sludge, and the quantity of BOD and SS eliminated. According to the analysis in the report on the quality of incoming and outgoing water of the WWTPs in Guilin in 2012, all WWTPs reach the denitrification stage, and the sludge age is at least 8 days. According to the average quality of incoming and outgoing water, we may calculate the possible maximum sludge output, as shown in the following Table 3.5-2.
Table 3.5-2 Sludge Yield Calculation
SS Unit yield Dry Treatment BOD Wet eliminat SS/B rate wei Water Name capacity eliminated weight ed OD Kg SS/kg ght content 10,000m3/d mg/L m3/d mg/L BOD t/d Beichong 3.00 84.08 90.77 1.08 1.11 2.80 83.90% 17.39 Qilidian 5.95 104.12 76.06 0.73 0.87 5.39 84.60% 12.60 Phase-I Shangyao 2.40 82.28 103.18 1.25 1.18 2.33 81.50% 55.28 Phase-I Shangyao 10.2 8.64 102.92 120.58 1.17 1.15 81.50% Phase-II 3 Yanshan 0.92 115.81 90.36 0.78 0.91 0.97 81.70% 5.30 21.3 Total 20.91 97.84 96.19 0.98 1.04 82.60% 122.75 6
According to the aforesaid chapter, the wastewater yield of each WWTP in 2020 is estimated, and on this basis, the sludge yield of each plant is predicted as shown in Table 3.3-7
Table 3.3-7 Sludge Yield Projection in 2020
Wet Actual Estimated weight in Wet weight in treatment treatment Dry Wastewater case of case of 80% No. capacity in capacity in weight system 60% water water content 2012 2020 (t/d) content (m3/d) (10,000m3/d) (10,000m3/d) (m3/d) 1 North Area 3.00 6.0 5.60 14.00 28.00 2 East Area 5.95 9.0 8.15 20.38 40.76 Central-south 3 11.04 12.0 12.93 32.32 64.63 Area
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4 Lingui Area 2.24 6.0 6.32 15.81 31.62 5 Yanshan 0.92 2.0 2.11 5.27 10.54 Total 23.15 35.0 35.11 87.78 175.55
3.5.4 Sludge Disposal Plan
Sludge disposal methods could be divided as four types according to its receiving ways: sludge used for farming , sludge landfilling, used as building materials and sludge incineration.
Incineration is a relatively thorough way for disposal, however, it consumes energy, pollute air and need high capital and operation costs. Sludge can be incinerated with municipal solid wastes and this is an appropriate approach. It has been leant that solid waste incinerators is planned but the implementation probability is low for the short term. Hence, sludge incineration is not considered under this project. However, the process design will take into consideration of sludge being incinerated in the future. If sludge can be dehydrated by solar energy to 40%, incineration is possible.
Although sludge utilized for construction material has been studied a lot recently, cases of application in production are fewer. This will not be considered for Guilin city.
Sanitary landfill is relative widely used approach. However, restrained by the capacity of the landfill site and requirements of water contents in sludge plus land resource issue, landfill is a temporarily method only. Currently, the capacity of the landfill sites of Guilin has almost reached the designed capacity. It is difficult to receive the municipal solid wastes, the possibility to receive the sludge is low. In case of future expansion and new construction of landfill site, landfilling sludge after sludge meeting the requirements is possible. Therefore, sludge after advanced dewatering process in some WWTPs shall meet the water contents 60% as required by the national standard. By doing this, sludge landfill can be regarded as emergency disposing way in case the capacity of future landfill site is available.
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Besides the approaches mentioned above, regarding the specific condition of Guilin city, sludge are suitable to be used for farming and forestation. From analysis of sludge composition, the contents of heavy metals do not exceed the limits in sludge while the organic material is rich. Sludge can be used for farming, forestation and landscaping after being composted. Heavy metal limit exist in three national standards for reuse in afforestation, thermal reuse through co-incineration, and disposal in sanitary landfill. The sludge quality in Guilin is complying with all these standards.
Even compare it with US standard, its heavy metal content is still far below the limit.
3.6 Survey and Assessment on Current Environment Quality
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In order to monitor the impacts of the project operation on ambient environment, the monitoring is implemented mainly targeting the impacting factors on ambient environment when individual components are implemented.
3.6.1 Environmental Qaulity Survey and Assessment of the Rehabilitation of the Urban WWTPs, PSs , Urban Drainage Pipeline
3.6.1.1 Survey and Assessment of Existing Water Environment Quality
I. Layout of Monitoring Points
The monitoring is conducted mainly aiming at the current quality of the ambient environment Beichong, Qilidian, Shangyao, Yanshan, Lingui WWTP and Nanzhouqiao, Qingfeng, and Mantoushan Wastewater Pumping station. It includes testing the current quality of air environment surrounding the boundary of WWTPs and pumping stations; testing the current quality of the surface water environment of the rivers to which the wastewater is drained from the discharge outlet of WWTPs; and monitoring the current quality of the acoustical environment surrounding WWTPs and pumping stations.
According to the dominant wind direction and the distribution of sensitive targets during the monitoring period, one monitoring point is set up in the downwind direction at the location of each project, and total eight monitoring points are set up. The basic information on each monitoring point is as shown in Table 3.6-1. The location of each monitoring point is as shown in the layout map of current ambient quality monitoring points in Fig 3.6-1
Table 3.6-1 Basic Information on the Monitoring Points of Current Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Name of monitoring point Monitoring Item point number 1# Boundry of Beichong WWTP # 2 Boundry of Qilidian WWTP Ammonia , hydrogen sulfide, 3# Boundry of Shangyao WWTP odor 4# Boundry of Yanshan WWTP
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5# Boundry of Lingui WWTP Boundry of Nanzhou Wastewater Pumping 6# station 7# Boundry of Qingfeng Wastewater PS 8# Boundry of Mantoushan Wastewater PS
II. Monitoring Items and Analysis Method
The items selected for current air quality monitoring: Ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and concentration of odor. The technical specifications and methods adopted for this monitoring mainly include HJ/T194-2005 Technical Specifications for Manual Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality. The details about monitoring analysis method and lower detection limit are as shown in Table 3.3-2.
Table 3.6-2 Monitoring and Analysis Method, and Detection Limit
No. Testing item Analysis method Detection limit HJ533-2009 Air and Exhaust Gas – Detection limit 0.001 1 Ammonia Determination of Ammonia – Nessler’s Reagent mg/m3 Spectrophotometry Air and Exhaust Gas Monitoring and Analysis Hydrogen Detection limit 0.001 2 Method (Fourth Supplemented Version) sulfide mg/m3 Methylene Blue Spectrophotometric Method (B) Odor GB/T14675-93 Air Quality – Determination of 3 / concentration Odor – Triangle Odor Bag Method
III. Monitoring Time and Frequency
The monitoring lasted for 5 days, from Nov. 2 to Nov. 6, 2013. The sampling lasted for two days, and was conducted for four times every day, lasting for 1h each time. The time section of sampling was 02: 00, 08: 00, 14: 00, 20: 00 respectively. During monitoring, the measurement of meteorologic parameters was conducted simultaneously, including air temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind direction, and wind speed, etc.
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Fig 3.6-1 Monitoring Points for Project WWTPs and PSs
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IV. Assessment Standard
The concentration of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and odor discharged by the existing WWTPs in Guilin under the project should meet the grade-II standard for the discharge concentration permissible of air pollutants in the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP (GB 18918-2002).
For the detailed standard limit value, please refer to the Table 3.3-3.
Table 3.3-3 Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP Unit: mg/m3
Odor Item Ammonia Hydrogen sulfide concentration (non-dimensional) Standard value 1.5 0.06 20
V. Assessment Method
Single quality index method is adopted for assessment:
Ii=Ci/Coi
Wherein: Ii ——The single quality index of some pollutant, Ii＞1, indicating that pollution has occurred, on the contrary, pollution has not occurred.
Ci ——Actually measured concentration of some pollutant, mg/m3;
Coi ——Assessment standard of some pollutant, mg/m3.
VI. Monitoring Result and Assessment
The monitoring result at each monitoring point is as shown in Table 3.6-4, and the statistical analysis result of monitoring is as shown in Table 3.6-5.
Table 3.6-4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Result
SamplingTime Sampling Monitoring result Meteorological parameters
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point Odor location Hydrog Air Air Wind Wind Relative Amm concentration en temperature Weather pressuredirectio speed humidity onia (nondimensio sulfide (℃) (kPa n (m/s) (％) nal) Shangyao 0.129 0.003 <10 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 WWTP
Yanshan 0.054 0.001 <10 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 WWTP Lingui 08:00 0.033 0.002 <10 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 WWTP Nanzhou 0.120 0.001 <10 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 WWPS Shangyao 0.031 0.001 <10 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 WWTP 0.0005 not
Yanshan 0.061 <10 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 WWTP detected 11.2
14:00 Lingui 0.037 0.001 <10 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 WWTP NanzhouWW 0.050 0.002 <10 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 PS Shangyao 0.025 0.001 17 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 WWTP 0.0005 not
Yanshan 0.032 <10 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 WWTP detected
20: 0 20: Lingui 0.037 0.001 <10 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 WWTP Nanzhou 0.051 0.001 <10 22 Cloudy 100.3 N 1.2 67 WWPS Shangyao 0.056 0.002 19 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP
Yanshan 0.153 0.001 16 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP Lingui 02:00 0.117 0.001 14 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP Nanzhou 0.277 0.001 13 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWPS Shangyao 0.625 0.002 15 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP
Yanshan 0.147 0.002 15 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP 11.3 Lingui 08:00 0.518 0.001 14 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP Nanzhou 0.054 0.002 <10 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWPS Shangyao 0.163 0.002 <10 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP
Yanshan 0.215 0.001 13 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP Lingui 14:00 0.129 0.001 16 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP Nanzhou 0.071 0.001 <10 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWPS
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Shangyao 0.067 0.002 14 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP
Yanshan 0.079 0.002 <10 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP Lingui 20:00 0.156 0.003 18 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP Nanzhou 0.073 0.001 <10 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWPS Shangyao 0.116 0.003 13 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP
Yanshan 0.118 0.001 14 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP Lingui 02:00 0.108 0.007 15 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWTP Nanzhou 0.289 0.001 <10 23 Fine 100.2 N 1.4 65 WWPS Beichong 0.085 0.001 11 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWTP
Qilidian 0.094 0.003 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWTP Qingfeng 08:00 0.043 0.001 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWPS Mantoushan — — — 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWPS Beichong 0.034 0.002 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWTP
Qilidian 0.040 0.002 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWTP Qingfeng 14:00 0.135 0.042 14 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWPS Mantoushan 0.035 0.024 13 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWPS 11.4 Beichong 0.083 0.001 15 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWTP
Qilidian 0.113 0.002 14 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWTP QingfengW 20:00 0.202 0.025 17 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WPS Mantoushan 0.027 0.005 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWPS Beichong 0.067 0.002 17 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWTP
Qilidian 0.083 0.002 15 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWTP Qingfeng 02:00 0.092 0.014 18 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWP Mantoushan 0.050 0.006 17 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 65 WWPS Beichong 0.045 0.003 11 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64
WWTP Qilidian 11.5 0.081 0.005 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64
WWTP 08:00 Qingfeng 0.058 0.002 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWPS
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Mantoushan 0.042 0.005 19 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWP Beichong 0.032 0.003 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWTP
Qilidian
0 0.303 0.030 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWTP Qingfeng 14:0 0.042 0.001 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWPS Mantoushan 0.038 0.003 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWPS Beichong 0.025 0.002 <10 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWTP
Qilidian 0.099 0.001 11 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWTP Qingfeng 20:00 0.195 0.005 14 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWPS Mantoushan 0.041 0.005 18 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWPS Beichong 0.463 0.001 13 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWTP
Qilidian 0.073 0.003 13 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWTP Qingfeng W 02:00 0.175 0.005 17 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64 WWPS Mantoushan 0.233 0.004 19 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64
WWPS
Mantoushan 11.6 0.035 0.002 14 24 Fine 100.1 N 1.3 64
WWPS 08:00
(Note: WWPS=wastewater pumping station, N=north wind)
Table 3.6-5 Statistical and Analysis Result of Ambient Air Monitoring
Concentration unit: mg/m3
concentration of pollutant hydrogen monitoring point ammonia odor statistical item sulfide (dimensionless)
Scope of single concentration value 0.025~0.463 0.001~0.003 <10~17 Maximum single factor BeichongWWTP contaminant index P 0.017~0.309 0.017~0.05 0.55~0.85 Boundary i Out-of-standard rate of single concentration 0 0 0 value (%) Scope of single Qilidian WWTP Boundary concentration value 0.04~0.303 0.001~0.03 <10~15 Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 78
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Maximum single factor contaminant index Pi 0.027~0.202 0.017~0.500 0.55~0.750 Out-of-standard rate of single concentration 0 0 0 value (%) Scope of single concentration value 0.025~0.625 0.001~0.003 <10~19 Maximum single factor Shangyao WWTP Boundary contaminant index Pi 0.017~0.417 0.017~0.05 0.65~0.95 Out-of-standard rate of single concentration 0 0 0 value (%) Scope of single concentration value 0.032~0.215 0.001~0.002 <10~16 Maximum single factor Yanshan WWTP Boundary contaminant index Pi 0.021~0.143 0.017~0.033 0.065~0.8000 Out-of-standard rate of single concentration 0 0 0 value (%) Scope of single concentration value 0.033~0.518 0.001~0.007 <10~18 Maximum single factor Lingui WWTP Boundary contaminant index Pi 0.022~0.345 0.017~0.117 0.700~0.9000 Out-of-standard rate of single concentration 0 0 0 value (%) Scope of single concentration value 0.05~0.289 0.001~0.002 <10~13 Maximum single factor NanzhouWWPS Boundary contaminant index Pi 0.033~0.193 0.017~0.033 0.650 Out-of-standard rate of single concentration 0 0 0 value (%) Scope of single concentration value 0.042~0.202 0.001~0.042 <10~18 Qingfeng WWPS Maximum single factor contaminant index Pi 0.028~0.135 0.017~0.700 0.700~0.90 Boundary Out-of-standard rate of single concentration 0 0 0 value (%) Scope of single concentration value 0.027~0.233 0.002~0.024 <10~19 Mantoushan WWPS Maximum single factor Boundary Wastewater contaminant index Pi 0.018~0.155 0.033~0.400 0.65~0.95 Pumping station Out-of-standard rate of single concentration 0 0 0 value (%)
The testing results show that, the testing results about the concentration of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and odor at boundary meet the grade-II standard for the discharge concentration permissible of air pollutants in the GB 18918-2002 Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP.
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3.6.1.2 Investigation and Assessment on Current Water Environment Quality
I. Layout of Monitoring Points
According to the situation of the rivers to which wastewater is drained from each WWTP, total 10 surface water monitoring points are arranged. The detailed location of each monitoring section, and the water function zoning executed are as shown in Table 3.6-6 and attached Figure 3.4-1
Table 3.6-6 Basic information on the current water environment quality monitoring points
No. Name of Concrete location Water function pollution-accepti zoning ng water body 500m in the upstream of discharge outlet of Beichong 1 Taohua River Class Ⅳ WWTP 500m in the downstream of discharge outlet of Beichong 2 Taohua River Class Ⅳ WWTP 500m in the upstream of discharge outlet of Qilidian 3 Lijiang River Class Ⅳ WWTP 500m in the downstream of discharge outlet of Qilidian 4 Lijiang River Class Ⅳ WWTP 500m in the upstream of discharge outlet of Shangyao 5 Nanwan River Class Ⅳ WWTP 500m in the downstream of discharge outlet of Shangyao 6 Nanwan River Class Ⅳ WWTP 500m in the upstream of discharge outlet of Yanshan 7 Liangfeng River Class Ⅳ WWTP 500m in the downstream of discharge outlet of Yanshan 8 Liangfeng River Class Ⅳ WWTP Xiaotaiping 500m in the upstream of discharge outlet of Lingui 9 Class Ⅲ River WWTP Xiaotaiping 500m in the downstream of discharge outlet of Lingui 10 Class Ⅲ River WWTP
II. Monitoring Factors
Surface water monitoring: The ten indexes, namely water temperature, SS, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand in five days, dissolved oxygen, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, fecal Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 80
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coliform group, are taken as water quality monitoring factors, and meanwhile, the flow rate and flowing speed of rivers are monitored.
III. Monitoring Frequency and Monitoring Time
The monitoring was conducted on Nov. 2-6, 2013. The time section of monitoring belonged to winter and normal-water period, and the water body purification condition was medium on the poor side, so the result was relatively conservative. The sampling was conducted continuously for 3 days, and once every day.
IV. Sampling and Analysis Methods
The analysis method for monitoring meets related regulations issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration. The technical methods for monitoring are as shown in Table 3.3-7.
Table 3.3-7 Technical method and lower detection limit of monitoring factors
No. Testing item Analysis method Detection limit 1 BOD5 Dilution and inoculation method HJ 505-2009 0.5 mg/L permanganate 2 Determination of permanganate index GB 11892-89 0.5mg/L index 3 SS Gravimetric method GB 11901-89 1mg/L 4 COD potassium dichromate method GB 11914-89 5mg/L 5 dissolved oxygen Iodimetry GB 7489-1987 / 6 NH3-N Nessler’s reagent spectrophotometric method HJ 535-2009 0.025mg/L Ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method GB 7 TP 0.01mg/L 11893-89 Alkaline potassium persulfate digestion – UV 8 TN spectrophotometric method 0.05mg/L HJ 636-2012 9 fecal coliform group Multiple tube fermentation method HJ/T 347-2007 / Thermometer or reversing thermometer determination 10 water temperature method / GB 13195-1991
V. Assessment Standard
The standard limit value executed for the river sections assessed under the project is as shown in Table 3.3-8.
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Table 3.3-8 Quality Standards of Surface Water Environment Unit: mg/L, dimensionless pH value
Item Class Ⅲ Class Ⅳ standard
NH3-N≤ 1.0 1.5 total phosphorus 0.2 0.3 Total nitrogen 1.0 1.5 SS 30 60 DO≥ 5 3 COD≤ 20 30 permanganate index≤ 6 10
BOD5≤ 4 6 fecal coliform group 10000 20000
*Note: The standard adopted for suspended matter is SL63-94 “The Quality Standard of Surface Water Resources”
VI. Assessment Method
The assessment is conducted with the single water quality parameter assessment method which is recommended in the Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.3-93).
HJ/T2.3-93 suggests adopting standard index method as single water quality parameter evaluation method. The standard index calculation formula of single water quality parameter i at point j:
Sij=Cij/Csi
Wherein: Sij―― The standard index of single water quality assessment factor i at sampling point j;
Cij―― The concentration of water quality assessment factor i at sampling point j, (mg/L);
Csi―― The assessment standard of assessment factor i (mg/L);
The standard index of DO:
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| DOf DOj | S DO. j) DOf DOs DOj≥DOS
DOj S DO. j) 10 9 DOs DOj＜DOS
DOf=468/(31.6+T)
Wherein: SDO, j——The standard index of dissolved oxygen at monitoring point j;
DOf——The concentration of saturated dissolved oxygen, mg/L;
DOj——Monitored value of dissolved oxygen at point j, mg/L;
DOs——The quality standard of surface water of dissolved oxygen, mg/L;
T—— Water temperature, ºC.
Standard index of water quality parameter＞1, indicating that, the water quality parameter exceeds the regulated standard limit of water quality, and can not meet the water quality function requirement. The bigger the standard index of water quality parameter is, the more serious the out-of-standard situation of the water quality parameter will be.
VII. Surface Water Monitoring and Assessment
The statistical analysis result of monitoring on each section is as shown in Table 3.6-9~3.6-18.
Table 3.6-9 The monitoring Result statistics and Assessment Form of Water Quality on 1＃ Section Unit: mg/L dimensionless pH value
Monitoring date Out-o Max. f-stan out-of-s No. Item dard Si, j 11.04 11.05 11.06 tandard rate time % 1 water temperature 21 21 21 - - - 2 NH3-N 2.5 3.4 5.2 100 1.03 1.67~3.47 3 TP 0.39 0.61 0.55 100 1.03 1.3~2.03 4 TN 3.2 4.2 5.5 100 2.67 2.13~3.67 Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 83
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5 SS 38 9 18 0 0 0.15~0.63 6 dissolved oxygen 2.17 1.7 1.53 100 4.41 3.49~5.41 7 COD 20 47 23 33 0.57 0.67~1.57 8 permanganate index 5.2 5.1 5.3 0 0 0.51~0.53 9 BOD5 3.51 1.76 1.91 0 0 0.29~0.59 MPN value of fecal 0 0 10 0.11~0.14 coliform group 2800 2800 2200
Table 3.6-10 The Monitoring Result Statistics and Assessment Form of Water Quality on 2＃ Section Unit: mg/L dimensionless pH value
Monitoring date Out-o Max. f-stan out-of-s No. Item dard Si, j 11.04 11.05 11.06 tandard rate time % 1 water temperature 21 21 21 - - - 2 NH3-N 3.3 4.3 3.4 100 1.87 2.2~2.87 3 TP 0.42 0.53 0.49 100 0.77 1.40~1.77 4 TN 4.6 4.9 4.3 100 2.27 2.87~3.27 5 SSs 23 10 12 0 0 0.17~0.38 6 dissolved oxygen 2.28 1.58 2.26 100 4.26 3.16~5.26 7 COD 30 44 19 33 0.47 0.63~1.47 8 permanganate index 4.7 4.7 4.7 0 0 0.47~0.47 9 BOD5b 2.81 3.55 3.85 0 0 0.47~0.64 MPN value of fecal 10 0 0 0.18~0.18 coliform group 3500 3500 3500
Table 3.6-11 The Monitoring Result Statistics and Assessment Form of Water Quality on 3＃ Section Unit: mg/L dimensionless pH value
Monitoring date Out-of-s Max. No. Item tandard out-of-standar Si, j 11.04 11.05 11.06 rate % d time 1 water temperature 19.9 19.8 20.1 - - - 2 NH3-N 0.91 1 0.91 0 0 0.61~0.67 3 TP 0.07 0.12 0.08 0 0 0.23~0.40 4 TN 2.3 4 3.5 66 1.2 1.53~2.67 5 SS 25 23 13 0 0 0.22~0.42
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6 dissolved oxygen 9.29 6.17 6.59 0 0 0.03~0.48 7 COD 16 25 8 0 0 0.27~0.83 8 permanganate index 2.5 2.6 2.5 0 0 0.25~0.26 9 BOD5 0.54 2.25 2.41 0 0 0.09~0.40 MPN value of fecal 10 0 0 0.18~0.18 coliform group 3500 3500 3500
Table 3.6-12 Monitoring Result Statistics and Assessment Form of Water Quality on 4＃ Section Unit: mg/L dimensionless pH value
Monitoring date Out-o Max. f-stan out-of-s No. Item dard Si, j 11.04 11.05 11.06 tandard rate time % 1 water temperature 20.1 20.2 20.2 - - - 2 NH3-N 0.86 1 0.89 0 0 0.57~0.67 3 TP 0.09 0.11 0.08 0 0 0.27~0.37 4 TN 2.1 2.8 3.3 100 1.2 1.4~2.2 5 SS 11 20 15 0 0 0.18~0.33 6 dissolved oxygen 10.57 6.1 6.53 0 0 0.25~0.49 7 COD 10 30 <5 0 0 0.33~1.0 8 permanganate index 2.5 2.4 2.4 0 0 0.24~0.25 9 BOD 1.38 2.05 2.21 0 0 0.23~0.37 MPN value of fecal 10 0 0 0.46~0.8 coliform group 16000 16000 9200
Table 3.6-13 Monitoring Result Statistics and Assessment Form of Water Quality on 5＃ Section Unit: mg/L dimensionless pH value
Monitoring date Out-o Max. f-stan out-of-s No. Item dard Si, j 11.04 11.05 11.06 tandard rate time % 1 water temperature 21 19.8 20.1 - - - 2 NH3-N 6.8 6.8 8.2 100 4.47 4.53~5.47 3 TP 0.28 0.28 0.3 0 0 0.93~1.0 4 TN 8.4 9.8 7.6 100 5.53 5.07~6.53 5 SS 33 30 16 0 0 0.27~0.55 6 dissolved oxygen 2.55 2.19 2.06 100 2.43 2.35~3.43 7 COD 15 17 30 0 0 0.5~1.0
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8 permanganate index 3.9 3.6 3.3 0 0 0.33~0.39 9 BOD5 1.62 1.46 1.39 0 0 0.23~0.27 MPN value of fecal 10 100 0.2 1.2 coliform group ≧24000 ≧24000 ≧24000
Table 3.6-14 Monitoring Result statistics and Assessment Form of Water Quality on 6＃ Section Unit: mg/L dimensionless pH value
Monitoring date Out-o Max. f-stan out-of-s No. Item dard Si, j 11.04 11.05 11.06 tandard rate time % 1 water temperature 21.2 20 20.4 - - - 2 NH3-N 6.4 6.5 6.4 100 3.33 4.27~4.33 3 TP 1.08 0.74 0.61 100 2.6 2.03~3.6 4 TN 8.8 9.8 8.3 100 5.53 5.53~6.53 5 SS 22 10 35 0 0 0.17~0.58 6 dissolved oxygen 3.17 3.76 3.57 0 0 0.87~0.97 7 COD 36 35 27 0 0 0.91.2 8 permanganate index 5.2 4. 7 4.4 0 0 0.44~0.52 9 BOD5 3.83 4.38 4.16 0 0 0.64~0.73 MPN value of fecal 10 100 0.2 1.2 coliform group ≧24000 ≧24000 ≧24000
Table 3.6-15 Monitoring Result Statistics and Assessment Form of Water Quality on 7＃ Section Unit: mg/L dimensionless pH value Monitoring date Max. Out-of-s out-of-sta No. Item tandard Si, j 11.04 11.05 11.06 ndard rate % time 1 water temperature 22 22 22 - - - 2 NH3-N 0.14 0.17 0.17 0 0 0.09~0.11 3 TP 0.09 0.11 0.12 0 0 0.30~0.40 4 TN 7.7 7 9.2 100 5.13 4.67~6.13 5 SS 13 27 6 0 0 0.1~0.45 6 dissolved oxygen 9 8.4 8.08 0 0 0.05~0.11 7 COD 35 22 8 33 0.17 0.27~1.17 8 permanganate index 2.2 2.1 2.1 0 0 0.21~0.22 9 BOD5 1.1 1.53 3.09 0 0 0.18~0.52 MPN value of fecal 10 0 0 0.11~0.14 coliform group 2800 2200 2200
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Table 3.6-16 Monitoring Result Statistics and Assessment Form of Water Quality on 8＃ Section Unit: mg/L dimensionless pH value Monitoring date Max. Out-of-sta out-of-sta No. Item ndard Si, j 11.04 11.05 11.06 ndard rate % time 1 water temperature 22 22 22 - - - 2 NH3-N 0.76 0.99 2.9 33 0.93 0.51~1.93 3 TPs 0.3 0.18 0.28 0 0 0.6~1.0 4 TN 9.3 10.8 7.3 100 6.2 4.87~7.2 5 SS 67 32 9 0 0 0.15~1.12 6 dissolved oxygen 6.91 6.7 5.74 0 0 0.32~0.52 7 COD 9 25 21 0 0 0.3~0.83 8 permanganate index 2.5 2.4 2.9 0 0 0.24~0.29 9 BOD5 1.53 <0.5 1.19 0 0 0.2~0.26 MPN value of fecal 10 0 0 0.46~0.8 coliform group 16000 16000 9200
Table 3.6-17 Monitoring Result Statistics and Assessment Form of Water Quality on 9＃ Section Unit: mg/L dimensionless pH value
Monitoring date Out-o Max. f-stan out-of-s No. Item dard Si, j 11.04 11.05 11.06 tandard rate time % 1 water temperature 19 20.2 20.8 - - - 2 NH3-N 14 12.4 9.4 100 13 9.4~14 3 TP 0.8 0.87 0.36 100 3.35 1.8~4.35 4 TN 14.8 13.5 12.5 100 13.8 12.5~14.8 5 SS 48 34 27 100 0.6 0.9~1.6 6 dissolved oxygen 1.25 1.04 1.25 100 7. 13 7.75~8.13 7 COD 32 30 23 100 0.6 1.15~1.6 8 permanganate index 5.9 5.6 3.4 0 0 0.57~0.98 9 BOD5 1.98 3.28 2 0 0 0.5~0.82 MPN value of fecal 10 0 0 0.54~0.92 coliform group 5400 9200 5400
Table 3.6-18 Monitoring Result Statistics and Assessment Form of Water Quality on 10＃ Section Unit: mg/L dimensionless pH value
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Monitoring date Max. Out-of-st out-of-sta No. Item andard Si, j 11.04 11.05 11.06 ndard rate % time 1 water temperature 19.2 20.4 20.6 - - - 2 Nh3-N 10 10.9 7.2 100 9.9 7.2~10.9 3 TP 0.53 0.57 0.37 100 1.85 1.85~2.85 4 TN 11.9 11.4 11.2 100 10.9 11.2~11.9 5 SS 33 34 70 100 1.33 1.1~2.33 6 dissolved oxygen 0.45 2 1.49 100 8.19 6.4~9.19 7 COD 23 21 10 66 0.15 0.5~1.15 8 permanganate index 4.6 4.4 3.4 0 0 0.57~0.77 9 BOD5 1.89 1.68 1.81 0 0 0.42~0.47 MPN value of fecal 10 100 0.2 0.6~1.2 coliform group ≧24000 ≧16000 ≧24000
The monitoring results show that: Total nitrogen is out of standard on each monitoring section, and the max. out-of-standard time is up to 13.8, appearing at 500m in the upstream of the discharge outlet of Lingui WWTP on 9＃ section;
At 500m in the upstream of the discharge outlet of Beichong WWTP on 1# section, amammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen are out of standard, and the max. out-of-standard time is 1.03, 1.03, 2.67, 4.41, and 0.57 respectively; at 500m in the downstream of the discharge outlet of Beichong WWTP on 2# section, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen , dissolved oxygen, and chemical oxygen demand are out of standard, and the max. out-of-standard time is 1.87, 0.77, 2.27, 4.26, and 0.47 respectively; other monitoring factors meet the Class-IV water quality standard of GB3838-2002 Quality Standards of Surface Water Environment, indicating that Taohua River is polluted at certain degree.
At 500m in the upstream of the discharge outlet of Qilidian WWTP on 3# section and at 500m in the downstream of the discharge outlet of Qilidian WWTP on 4# section, total nitrogen exceeds Class-IV water quality standard of the Surface Water Environment Quality, and the max. out-of-standard time is 1.2, indicating that the water quality of Lijiang River is polluted at certain degree.
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and at 500m in the downstream of the discharge outlet of Shangyao WWTP on 6# section, mammonia nitrogen, and fecal coliform group are out of standard at different levels, and the max. out-of-standard time is 4.47 and 5.53 respectively, appearing on 4#; the total nitrogen and dissolved oxygen on 5# section are also out of standard, and the max. out-of-standard time is 4.43 and 2.43 respectively; the total phosphorus, and total nitrogen on 6# section are out of standard, and the max. out-of-standard time is 2.6 and 5.53 respectively. Other monitoring factors meet the Class-IV water quality standard of GB3838-2002 Quality Standards of Surface Water Environment , indicating that the water quality of Nanwan River is polluted at certain degree.
At 500m in the upstream of the discharge outlet of Yanshan WWTP on 7# section, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand are out of standard, and the max. out-of-standard time is 5.13 and 0.17 respectively; at 500m in the downstream of the discharge outlet of Yanshan WWTP on 8# section, mammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen are out of standard, and the out-of-standard time is 0.93 and 6.2 respectively; Other monitoring factors meet the Class-IV water quality standard of GB3838-2002 Quality Standards of Surface Water Environment, indicating that the water quality of Liangfeng River is polluted at certain degree.
At 500m in the upstream of the discharge outlet of Lingui WWTP on9# section and at 500m in the downstream of the discharge outlet of Lingui WWTP on 10# section, mammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen , dissolved oxygen, and chemical oxygen demand are out of standard, and the max. out-of-standard time is 13, 3.35, 13.8, 7.13, and 0.6 respectively, appearing on 9# section; in addition, suspended matter, fecal coliform group on 10# section are also out of standard, and the max. out-of-standard time is 1.33 and 0.2; other monitoring factors on the two sections meet the Class-III water quality standard of GB3838-2002 Quality Standards of Surface Water Environment, indicating that Xiaotaiping River is severely polluted, and its water quality is relatively poor.
VIII. Brief Summary
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To sum up, the regional water environment has been polluted at certain degree, and some factors are out of standard at different levels. The out-of-standard factors are mainly organic pollutions, resulting from domestic wastewater and agricultural surface-sourced pollution. Most WWTPs are located at urban-rural fringe, and the wastewater discharge outlet is affected by agricultural irrigation since plentiful farmlands exist in surrounding areas. Wherein, the wastewater from Beichong WWTP is discharged into Taohua River, and beside Taohua River, “Farm Stay” in operation discharges non-treated domestic wastewater into Taohua River, and plentiful eichhornia has grown up on the surface of the river; at 10m/15m in the downstream of the discharge outlet of Yanshan WWTP, there is a hoggery/ domestic wastewater discharge outlet, and the wastewater is drained into the Liangfeng River; during sampling period, plentiful works are under construction at both banks of the upstream river, and the river water seems to be brown, bringing great impact to the water quality of Liangfeng River.
3.6.1.3 Investigation and Assessment on the Current Status of Acoustical Environment
I. Layout of Monitoring Points
One noise testing point is set up in the east, south, west and north of the boundary of each WWTP, and total 32 noise monitoring points are set up. For the detailed layout of monitoring points, please refer to Table 3.6-19 and the monitoring point layout map, Fig 3.6-1.
Table 3.6-19 Layout of noise monitoring points
No. Name of monitoring point Basic information on monitoring point 1# East boundary Noise at boundary 2# South boundary Noise at boundary Shangyao WWTP 3# West boundary Noise at boundary 4# North boundary Noise at boundary 5# East boundary Noise at boundary 6# South boundary Noise at boundary Yanshan WWTP 7# West boundary Noise at boundary 8# North boundary Noise at boundary
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9# East boundary Noise at boundary 10# South boundary Noise at boundary Lingui WWTP 11# West boundary Noise at boundary 12# North boundary Noise at boundary 13# East boundary Noise at boundary 14# Nanzhouqiao South boundary Noise at boundary 15# WWTP West boundary Noise at boundary 16# North boundary Noise at boundary 17# East boundary Noise at boundary 18# South boundary Noise at boundary Beichong WWTP 19# West boundary Noise at boundary 20# North boundary Noise at boundary 21# East boundary Noise at boundary 22# South boundary Noise at boundary Qilidian WWTP 23# West boundary Noise at boundary 24# North boundary Noise at boundary 25# East boundary Noise at boundary 26# South boundary Noise at boundary Qingfeng WWPS 27# West boundary Noise at boundary 28# North boundary Noise at boundary 29# East boundary Noise at boundary 30# Mantoushan WWPS South boundary Noise at boundary 31# West boundary Noise at boundary 32# North boundary Noise at boundary
II. Monitoring Method
Integral sound level meter is used to monitor equivalent continuous sound level A. The measurement is conducted when it’s rainless and the wind speed is less than 5m/s, with a microphone set at 1m outside the boundary and at the height of 1.2~1.5m.
III. Monitoring Frequency and Monitoring Time
The testing was conducted from Nov. 2 to Nov. 6, 2013, lasting for 2 days continuously, once at daytime (6: 00~22: 00) and night time (22: 00~6: 00) respectively.
IV. Assessment Standard
In terms of noise at boundary, each WWTP executes the Class-2 standard of the Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB12348-2008). For Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 91
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standard value, please refer to Table 3.3-20.
Table 3.3-20 Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary Unit: dB(A)
Type of Acoustical Environment Function Daytime Night time Areas Outside the Boundary 2 60 50
V. Assessed Quantity
Equivalent continuous sound level A is selected as assessed quantity of acoustical environment quality.
Equivalent continuous sound level A is:
1 T 0.1L t Leq 10 10 p dt 0 T
With sampling conducted at equal time interval, the above formula may be transformed into:
1 n Leq 10 10 0.1Li n i1
In the above two formulas: T－Measuring time; Lp(t)－Instantaneous sound level, dB(A);
Li－The value of sound level I, dB(A); n－Number of sound level samples at measuring point, pcs.
VI. Monitoring Results
Noise monitoring results are as shown in 5.3-3.
VI. Analysis on Current Quality of Acoustical Environment
According to the monitoring results in Table 3.6-21, the monitored value of night-time noise at the east boundary of Qingfeng Wastewater Treatment PS is out of standard; the monitored value of daytime and night-time noises at the east, south, west and north boundaries of Mantoushan Wastewater pumping station was out of standard;
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while the monitored value of noise at boundary of the other wastewater pumping stations meets the class-2 standard of the Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB12348-2008).
Table 3.6-21 Monitoring and assessment results of current ambient noise Unit: Leq[dB(A)]
Standard 2013.11.02 2013.11.03 Point Day Night Day Out of Night Out of Day Out of Night Out of No. time time time standard time standard time standard time standard 1# 60 50 57 0 49 0 57 0 48 0 2# 60 50 56 0 48 0 54 0 48 0 3# 60 50 52 0 50 0 56 0 50 0 4# 60 50 58 0 50 0 57 0 48 0 5# 60 50 43 0 47 0 45 0 42 0 6# 60 50 47 0 46 0 46 0 44 0 7# 60 50 42 0 44 0 45 0 45 0 8# 60 50 44 0 45 0 47 0 44 0 9# 60 50 42 0 41 0 47 0 47 0 10# 60 50 53 0 42 0 52 0 47 0 11# 60 50 54 0 46 0 50 0 46 0 12# 60 50 42 0 42 0 48 0 46 0 13# 60 50 55 0 42 0 52 0 48 0 14# 60 50 54 0 45 0 55 0 47 0 15# 60 50 58 0 48 0 55 0 45 0 16# 60 50 55 0 45 0 56 0 45 0 17# 60 50 51 0 46 0 47 0 48 0 18# 60 50 49 0 45 0 48 0 47 0 19# 60 50 47 0 48 0 50 0 44 0 20# 60 50 49 0 43 0 43 0 40 0 21# 60 50 52 0 47 0 53 0 44 0 22# 60 50 60 0 49 0 51 0 46 0 23# 60 50 58 0 49 0 57 0 49 0 24# 60 50 52 0 47 0 57 0 45 0 25# 60 50 54 0 45 0 52 0 54 4 26# 60 50 58 0 47 0 54 0 50 0 27# 60 50 53 0 44 0 54 0 50 0 28# 60 50 52 0 44 0 55 0 50 0 29# 60 50 67 7 65 15 66 6 60 10 30# 60 50 55 5 51 1 57 0 51 1 31# 60 50 61 1 59 9 60 0 56 6
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32# 60 50 58 0 54 4 58 0 53 3
VIII. Summary
Except for Qingfeng Wastewater Treatment Pumping Station and Mantoushan Wastewater Pumping Station, all the other wastewater pumping stations meet the class-2 standard of Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary (GB12348-2008) in terms of the monitored value of noise at boundary. The boundary of Mantoushan Wastewater PS is close to sound source, has poor effect of sound insulation and noise reduction, and operates 24h every day; in the west of the PSis a residential district, and the noise produced from operation of the PShas great influences on this residential district.
3.3.2 Investigation and Assessment on Current Ambient Quality of Water Supply Booster Pump Station Project
3.3.2.1 Investigation and Assessment on the Current Status of Acoustical Environment
I. Layout of Monitoring Points
Total six noise monitoring points are set up, for monitoring the noises at the east, south, west and north boundaries of the water supply booster pumping station, as well as the ambient noise of Tangjia Village and Yaohe Rongyu Residential District. For the detailed layout of each monitoring point, please refer to the attached figure 3.6-2 and Table 3.6-22.
Table 3.6-22 List of Acoustical Environment Monitoring Points of Water Supply Component
No. Monitoring location Remark 6 East boundary of water supply booster PS Noise at boundary 7 South boundary of water supply booster PS Noise at boundary 8 West boundary of water supply booster PS Noise at boundary 9 North boundary of water supply booster PS Noise at boundary 10 Tangjia Village Ambient noise 11 Yaohe Rongyu Residential District Ambient noise
II. Monitoring Method Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 94
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Integral sound level meter is used to monitor equivalent continuous sound level A. The measurement is conducted when it’s rainless and the wind speed is less than 5m/s, with a microphone set at 1m outside the boundary and at the height of 1.2~1.5m.
III. Monitoring Frequency and Monitoring Time
The testing was conducted from Oct. 29 to Oct. 30, 2013, lasting for 2 days continuously, once at daytime (6: 00~22: 00) and night time (22: 00~6: 00) respectively.
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Fig 3.6-2
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IV. Assessment Standard
Class-2 standard of the Quality Standards of Acoustical Environment (GB3096-2008) is executed for each monitoring point. For standard values, please refer to Table 3.6-23.
Table 3.6-23 Quality Standards of Acoustical Environment Unit: dB(A)
Category Day time Night time Category 2 60 50
V. Assessed Quantity
Equivalent continuous sound level A is selected as assessed quantity of acoustical environment quality.
Equivalent continuous sound level A is:
1 T 0.1L t Leq 10 10 p dt 0 T
With sampling conducted at equal time interval, the above formula may be transformed into:
1 n Leq 10 10 0.1Li n i1
In the above two formulas: T－Measuring time; Lp(t)－Instantaneous sound level, dB(A);
Li－The value of sound level I, dB(A); n－Number of sound level samples at measuring point, pcs.
V. Monitoring Results
Noise monitoring results are as shown in Table 3.6-24.
VII. Analysis on Current Quality of Acoustical Environment
According to the monitoring results in Table 3.6-24, each monitoring point meets the requirements on limit values of class-2 standard of the Quality Standards of
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Acoustical Environment (GB3096-2008), indicating that the regional acoustical environment is of good quality.
Table 3.6-24 The result of monitoring and assessment on current ambient noise Unit: Leq[dB(A)]
Standard 2013.10.29 2013.10.30 Locatio Nigh Out of Nigh Out of Out of Nigh Out of Day Day Day n No. t standar t standar standar t standar time time time time d time d d time d 1# 60 50 54.4 0 42.9 0 54.8 0 41.7 0 2# 60 50 55.3 0 42.7 0 56.5 0 43.2 0 3# 60 50 48.3 0 40.9 0 48.8 0 41.3 0 4# 60 50 46.5 0 44.6 0 46.3 0 43.6 0 5# 60 50 48.7 0 41.5 0 47.2 0 41.8 0 6# 60 50 54.9 0 43.9 0 52.8 0 44.2 0
VIII. Brief Summary
The monitored value of daytime and night-time noises at the boundary of booster PS and surrounding sensitive points meet the requirements on limit values of class-2 standard of the Quality Standards of Acoustical Environment (GB3096-2008), and the regional acoustical environment is of good quality.
3.7 Major Environmental Sensitive Points
No various types of protection areas, ecological sensitive zones, natural habitats and tangibal cultural resources etc are involved in the project assessment scope.
The main environmental sensitive points surrounding each component are as shown in Table 3.7-1~Table 3.7-7, Fig 3.6-2, Fig3.7-1 and Fig3.7-2. Wherein, as concerning the sensitive points surrounding pipeline network, only special sensitive points are investigated (schools, hospitals, and sanatorium, etc.).
Table 3.7-1 Sensitive Points Surrounding Shangyao WWTP
No. Sensitive points Direction Distance (m) No of persons 1 Yangjialing East 50 300 2 Jietou Southwest 350 580
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3 Yaotou Village East side 250 580
Table 3.7-2 Sensitive Points Surrounding Qilidian WWTP
No. Sensitive points Direction Distance (m) No of persons 1 Changsheng Times Plaza Northeast 50 780 2 Yiji Residential District Northwest 250 750 Guangxi Environmental Geology 3 North 50 180 Research Institute
Table 3.7-3 Sensitive Points Surrounding Beichong WWTP
No. Sensitive points Direction Distance (m) No of persons 1 Guangxi Cooking School East 30 350 2 Bianshan Southeast 60 870 3 Guilin Mansion Southwest 250 780
Table 3.7-4 Sensitive Points Surrounding Lingui WWTP
No. Sensitive points Direction Distance (m) No of persons 1 Shanzao East 500 680
Table 3.7-5 Sensitive Points Surrounding Yanshan WWTP
No. Sensitive points Direction Distance (m) No of persons 1 Jiemeiqiao Bridge North 350 480 2 Jiangjiaba West 250 350
Table 3.7-6 Sensitive Points Surrounding Airport Booster Pumping station
No. Sensitive points Direction Distance (m) No of persons 1 Tangjia Village Northwest 50 320 Yaohe Rongyu Residential 2 East 80 1480 District
Table 3.7-7 Special Sensitive Points Surrounding Newly Constructed Water Supply Pipeline
Nature of sensitive No. Sensitive points points 1 Urban Construction School School 2 Tuomu Town Health Center Hospital 3 Guilin No. 18 High School School 4 Vestibule School School 5 Star Primary School School
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6 Red Apple Kindergarten School 7 Betel Kindergarten School 8 No. 310 Kindergarten School 9 No. 310 Hospital Hospital 10 Yangguang Meidi Kindergarten School 11 Lingchuan Town Health Center Damian Branch Hospital
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Fig 3.7-1 Environmental Sensitive Sites Near WWTPs
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Fig.3.7.2 Environmentally Sensitive Sites along Water Supply Components
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4 Environmental Impact Assessments
4.1 Environmental Impact of Construction Period
4.1.1 Analysis of the Impact of Construction Waste Water
The main water environmental pollution sources during the construction period are waste water produced by construction and domestic wastewater. During the construction period, a certain amount of surplus water and waste water will be produced due to site cleaning, pipe laying, concrete preparation and casting as well as construction and installation work. In addition, a big number of construction workers during the construction period will produce an amount of domestic wastewater.
(1) Construction Waste Water
The primary pollutants of construction waste water consist of inorganic suspended solids (SS) and a very small amount of oils. Because of gravitational sedimentation and adsorption, the discharged waste water will enter into the sedimentary chamber quickly, which may have some impact on surface water and groundwater environment. In some project areas with abundant groundwater, pipe jacking method will be employed, where a large amount of muddy water will be pumped out. If no measures are taken, the environment around the construction sites will be affected.
(2)Domestic Wastewater
The major pollutants of domestic wastewater include COD, BOD5, SS, ammonia nitrogen and petroleum. According to the similar project survey, the wastewater includes pollutants: COD 350mg/L, BOD5 160mg/L, SS 200mg/L, and ammonia nitrogen 30 mg/L.
The discharge of the abovementioned wastewater will have certain impact on the surrounding water bodies. Therefore, settling tanks should be established for construction wastewater and temporary toilets plus septic tanks for domestic wastewater. The wastewater from construction sites must be treated before
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discharging as to reduce the pollutant discharge and the impact on the water environment.
Based on the construction scale and period of each WWTP, the number of construction workers needed and the amount of domestic wastewater discharged are estimated in Table 4.1-1.
Table 4.1-1 A Summary Table of the Domestic Wastewater Discharge during the Construction Period
Project name No. of Workers Wastewater Discharged Q’ty (m3/d) Shangyao WWTP Upgrading (145,000m3/d) 50 10 Qilidian WWTP Upgrading (160,000m3/d) 50 10 Beichong WWTP Upgrading (30,000m3/d) 50 10 Yanshan WWTP Upgrading (20,000m3/d) 50 10 Deodorization of bioreactors of Lingui 50 10 WWTP (30,000m3/d) Water Supply Network of Guilin City 200 40 Upgrading Urban Drainage Network 50 10 Sludge Disposal 50 10
4.1.2 Environmental Impact (EI) Analysis of Construction Dust
The key air pollution source during the period of the WWTPs upgrading, sludge disposal project implementation and network construction is flying dust, mainly including the dust from earth excavation, site stacking and earth backfilling; the road dust due to site transportation; and the dust due to soil spatter of the transporting vehicles.
(1) Dust Impact Analysis in the Construction Sites of the WWTPs and Sludge Disposal Site
The surveys on similar projects shows that the dust at construction site is mainly produced by transport vehicles, making up about 60% of the total amount of dust, and the amount of dust produced is related with the speed of vehicles on the road surface. Normally, the affected range of such flying dust under natural wind is within 100m. According to survey, the construction sites of all WWTPs are over 100m away from the sensitive points with green barriers in between, the environmental impacts on sensitive points will be insignificant.
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(2) Dust Impact Analysis in the Network Construction Sites
The dust generated by pipeline works during the construction period will cause air pollution around the construction site and impose impacts on offices, commercial and residential zones in the construction area; the dust produced by ground excavation, transportation, loading and unloading of raw materials as well as surplus soil and stone transport will have some impacts on the work and life of residents. Necessary dust control measures must be taken. Moreover, during the stacking period of granular or powdered construction materials and spoil, if no effective dust control measures were employed, dust would fly with wind which will incur air pollution. Since there are quite some sensitive points around the pipeline network and the affected population is significant. Besides the dust control measures shall be taken during the construction, it is suggested to have good communication and coordination with responsible persons of the sensitive points, arrange the construction work properly and reduce the dust impact to the minimum level.
4.1.3 Impact Analysis of Construction Noise
1. Construction in Plant Area
(1) Strong Noise Source from the Construction
The construction noise is mainly produced by construction machinery and transportation vehicles. During different construction stages, in different sites and with different construction works, the intensity of noise produced is different. There are many kinds of construction machinery during the construction period and normally they are operated in the open air without noise abatement measures. Therefore, the noise may be transmitted far away and affected area is significant. When the construction machinery is running, the intensity of noise source is 80~110dB (A).
(2) Environmental Impact Analysis of Noise at the Construction Sites
For the acoustic environment assessment standard for construction period, please refer
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to “Noise Limits for Construction Site” (GB12523-90).
The construction noise is mainly produced by construction activities. The noise from individual construction machines can be handled as a point acoustic source. These construction devices have no protection and are operated openly, and according to the noise attenuation mode of the point sound source, the attenuation of the noise by distance could be calculated with the following formula:
Lp=Lpo－201g(r/ro)-ΔL
Where：Lp—— is the predictive value of the construction noise;
Lpo——Lpo is the reference noise level of the construction noise monitoring; r——r is the distance of predictive points; ro——ro is the distance of monitoring point; and
ΔL——ΔL is the additional amount of attenuation.
The noise attenuation of various construction machinery by distance is given in Table 4.1-2.
Table 4.1-2 Noise Attenuation of Construction Equipment
Construction Intensity of Distance (m) machinery noise source 15 30 50 80 100 150 200 300 500 Loader 90 85 79 74.5 70.5 68.5 65 62.5 59.0 54.5 Trucks 87 82 76 71.5 67.5 65.5 62 59.5 56.0 51.5 Concrete 86 81 75 70.5 66.5 64.5 61 58.5 55.0 50.5 mixer Pump 80 75 69 64.5 60.5 58.5 55 52.5 49.0 44.5 Vibrator 79 74 68 63.5 59.5 57.5 54 51.5 48.0 43.5 Bulldozer 90 86 80 75.5 71.5 69.5 66 63.5 60.0 55.5
The noise during the construction period is primarily from the running of construction machinery, such as excavators, bulldozers, concrete mixers, concrete vibrators, tampers and material transportation vehicles, the intensity of the noise source is 70～
120dB (A), as these are intermittent sound sources, it is hard to take noise reduction measures. The intensity of noise source of the working machinery is attenuated with
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increasing distance, within a distance of 150m, the intensity of noise source of most construction machinery is 55～85dB (A), and when the distance is 200m, the noise values of 4 kinds of machinery, including bulldozer, piling machine, mixer and chainsaw, are still above the nighttime noise limit 55dB (A). Therefore, the noise produced by construction machinery and transportation vehicles during the construction period will have a great impact on the acoustic environment within 200m from the construction site.
It can be found that all project components will have limited noise impact on the sensitive points by reviewing the nearest sensitive points in the vicinity of each project component (see section 3.5).
2. Network Construction
The construction noise during the process of pipeline construction is mostly from construction machinery and transportation vehicles. The construction noise has features of staged, temporary and mobile characteristics. Different construction machinery produce different noises and the intensities of the primary noise sources is summarized in Table 4.1-3.
Table 4.1-4 Noise Level of Major Construction Machinery
Construction Measurement sound Measurement No. machinery level/dB (A) distance (m) 1 Excavator 80 15 2 Road roller 75 10 3 Scraper 75 15
Table 4.1-2 shows that the noises produced by multiple machines will be superimposed when several units of mechanical equipment are running simultaneously. According to the predictive calculation, the noise value added after superimposition is within 3dB (A). The noise attenuation by distance of main construction mechanical equipment is presented in Table 4.1-4.
Table 4.1-4 Noise Attenuation Distance of Construction Machinery Construction Sound level/dB (A) No. machinery 80 75 70 65 60 55
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1 Excavator 15m 22m 40m 75m 120m 190m 2 Road roller - 10m 25m 50m 100m 150m 3 Scraper - 15m 42m 75m 120m 190m GB12523-90 Daytime Nighttime Noise Limits for Construction Site 75 55 (GB12523-90)
From Table 4.1-4, it can be seen that the mechanical noise has a far transmission distance in open area and during the daytime, it will affect residents who are living within 0~22m of both sides of the pipeline. During the nighttime, the affected distance will be 0~190m of both sides of the pipeline. The major project component involving pipeline construction is the network of water supply pipes, the wastewater pipes have only mechanical repair and basically with almost none road excavation. The key environmental sensitive points within 50m of both sides of the construction line of the network of water supply pipes are presented in Section 3.5.
According to the distribution of environmental sensitive points on both sides of the pipelines in Section 3.5, because the water supply pipelines pass through the downtown area of the city, where there are many environmental sensitive points along the project route. Within a distance of 50m along the route, there are also schools and hospitals which are environmental sensitive points with strict requirements, the pipeline construction will inevitably have noise impact on them, particularly during nighttime. Therefore, the construction work must make a proper arrangement concerning the working schedule of various kinds of construction machinery, the working time of high-noise equipment shall be scheduled at daytime as much as possible, the nighttime transportation shall be reduced and the construction at night (22:00~6:00) shall be strictly prohibited. For construction activities that must be carried out at night, an approval must be obtained from local environmental protection authority and soundproof barriers must be established between the sound sources and sensitive points. At the same time, the construction unit shall pay attention to the negotiation and coordination with surrounding institutions and it is suggested to conduct the high-noise construction during holidays, including summer and winter vacations as well as weekends, as much as possible. Meanwhile, the construction company shall speed up the construction activities, shorten the construction period
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and carry out the high-noise construction intensively at weekends in order to reduce the impact of construction noise on surround environmental sensitive points to the greatest extent.
4.1.4 Impact Analysis of Solid Waste
The solid waste during the construction period mainly includes dregs, tree, roots and
gravels from earth excavation; construction waste generated by demolition of
buildings; wastage of material like sandstones and concrete during the transportation,
ash and building materials during the period of road pavement, and the sediments
from the river dredging process. In addition, the workers stationed to construction site
will produce some domestic waste as well.
(1) Construction Waste
During the construction process, the wastage and abandonment of stones, ash and
building materials will produce construction waste as well and the amount and
destination of construction waste of all project components is summarized in Table
4.1-5.
Table 4.1-5 Summary Table of the Quantity and Destination of Construction Waste of the Project Construction Construction Waste Project components Waste Quantity Disposal Sites (m3) The Upgrading of Shangyao WWTP (145,000m3/d) 13935 Reuse or backfilling 3 The Upgrading of Qilidian WWTP (160,000m /d) 10590 excavated material at site 3 The Upgrading of Beichong WWTP (30,000m /d) 9000 as much as possible and 3 The Upgrading of Yanshan WWTP (20,000m /d) 7000 the unusable waste shall Bioreactor Deodorization of Lingui WWTP 9000 be transported to (30,000m3/d) locations designated by Water Supply Network of Guilin City 8000
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sanitation department. (There is no fixed site for construction waste Upgrading the City Drainage Network 1000 dumping, which much be licensed by Construction Solid Waste Management Office for each time
Both the earth and construction waste transported out under the project are ordinary
solid waste and do not contain toxic ingredients. They should be reused or backfilled
on site as much as possible and if not, they will be transported to locations designated
by sanitation department, and therefore, they would not have a severe impact on
environment.
(2) Domestic Solid Waste in Construction Period
During the construction period, the daily life of construction workers will generate
certain amount of domestic solid waste, which will breed mosquitoes and insects,
produce odor and transmit diseases and have adverse impact on surrounding
environment if not treated timely. Therefore, the domestic waste shall be centrally
collected by local sanitation department and transported to waste disposal site. This
can avoid the impact on the environment around.
4.1.5 Impact Analysis of Soil and Water Erosion
During the construction period of WWTPs, the major stages that may cause soil and
water erosion include the laying of wastewater interceptors, construction of
wastewater treatment facilities and earth excavation. Moreover, the temporary
occupation of land by construction destroys the original ground vegetation and the
improper management of temporary storage site of spoil may cause soil and water
erosion too.
The impacts of soil and water erosion are mainly reflected in: the earth excavation
damages the vegetation and causes soil and water erosion when it rains, which will
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result in a muddy river and affect the quality of water; the erosion may also decline the land productivity and degrade the ecology; and if the soil borrow area and temporary storage site of spoil are not managed properly, it is prone to certain kinds of soil and water erosion, such as sheet erosion and ephemeral gully erosion.
The upgrading of all WWTPs will be carried out within the existing plant area, mainly adding new structures. The type of the land used is reserved land in the plant area with less vegetation. The construction activity has little disturbance on the ground surface. As long as a good balance can be kept with the earthwork and proper measures are taken, the impact of the soil and water erosion will be insignificant.
4.1.6 Ecological Impact Analysis
1. Impact Analysis of Ecological Environment
(1) Impact Analysis of the Construction Occupied Land on Ecological Environment
The impacts of the project on terrestrial ecosystems are primarily exhibited as occupation of land resources and conversion of land use functions. The Upgrading of all WWTPs is carried out within the existing plant area, mainly adding new structures, and the type of the land used is reserved land in the plant area.
(2) Impact Analysis on Vegetation
During the construction process, permanent occupation of land will destroy the original vegetation cover totally and it will have a great impact on vegetation. The temporary occupation of land will damage the ground vegetation to certain degree as well. The vegetation in locations of WWTPs are all common local species and when the construction activities complete, the ecological environment could be rehabilitated to certain degree through green landscaping in the plant area.
(3) Impact Analysis on Aquatic Organisms
A small amount of domestic wastewater and oily wastewater produced during the
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Upgrading period of the WWTPs can be diverted to the existing WWTPs to receive treatment and then to discharge, their impacts on aquatic organisms would be small and temporary, and upon the completion of the project, these impacts would disappear.
2. Impact Analysis on Landscape
There are no important environmental landscapes that need special protection along the pipeline network construction line and the adverse impacts of the construction on landscape are short-termed and rehabilitative.
4.1.7 Impacts on Health and Safety
During the construction period, the floating population come and go frequently and if the construction personnel’s domestic wastewater is discharged disorderly and the household solid waste is misplaced, together with the sediments from the river dredging and the depressions formed by earthwork where flies, mosquitoes and insects may grow, it would be very easy to cause the incidence and prevalence of malaria and other vector-borne diseases. An increase in number of migrant workers may raise the incidence of some infectious diseases (such as, infectious hepatitis, malaria, etc.) in local area, it may also cause the outward spreading of infectious diseases prevailing in construction areas, which would increase the opportunities of various diseases to transmit and prevail. Therefore, necessary measures must be taken to treat domestic wastewater and dispose household solid waste properly.
The dust produced during the construction process may increase the number of respiratory patients and the construction noise may be harmful for people’s health through damaging the auditory system. Due to the great labor intensity, the physical conditions of construction workers may be deteriorated and their immunity to malaria will be weakened. This makes them be prone to infectious diseases. Therefore, the construction company must pay close attention to the adverse impact that the construction work may impose on people’s health and take necessary preventive
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measures to stop the spread and prevalence of diseases.
4.1.8 Impact on Traffic and Travel
The impact of the project construction activities on traffic is mostly reflected in its effect on road traffic, specifically in Table 4.1-6.
Table 4.1-6 Construction Activity Impact of on Traffic and Mitigation Measures Construction Impact on traffic Mitigation measures component 1. Increase the traffic flow in urban area 1. Strengthen traffic control and management and affect the smooth traffic; to avoid transportation at rush hours; Material 2. The soil, stones and sands that are 2. Strengthen education of drivers, prohibit Transportation spilled out from transportation vehicles overloading and clean the spilled construction will affect the traffic safety and destroy materials timely. the road surface. 1. Sectioned construction, quick excavation and timely backfilling; Pipeline Destroy the road surface and the earth 2. Setup of temporary detours and warning Construction piles will affect the passage of vehicles. signs with designated people to manage the traffic.
Although the pipelines can be constructed section by section, some spoil from earthwork may still be piled up temporarily during the construction process. This will affect the road traffic along the construction line. When a pipeline needs to cross a road, if trenching is employed, traffic will be affected significantly. Therefore, if the geological and soil conditions permit, using pipe jacking method would minimize the impact than that of road excavation during the construction period. However, at this moment, the bearing capability (of weight) of the road is lowered and the passage of heavy vehicles must be forbidden. Such practice will affect the traffic in urban areas.
It is estimated that when a pipeline crosses a road, about 20 days are needed to complete the construction, thus, the impact on the traffic in this road would last around 20 days. The major project component that involves road excavation is the network of water supply pipes and during the construction stage the transportation volume of raw materials (sands and stones, concrete, etc) and spoil is not very big.
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During the construction process, it may have certain impact on the areas covered by the project, therefore, it is necessary to inform the public of the construction time and road sections in advance and install warning signs and related marks as to show the construction scope and construction time, ask to the public to understand any inconvenience incurred by the construction, publicize contact persons and complaint hotlines, and meanwhile, ask drivers to drive with courtesy and order. Segmented transportation will not affect the traffic heavily.
During the earthwork period of the construction of the drinking water network, if the spoil could not be transported away timely and piled up, this will cause inconvenience to the public traffic. In the early phase of construction, that is, the stages of earth excavation, pipe laying and backfilling, the impact would be the greatest and have an affected range of 100m at both sides of the road. The construction of pipelines shall avoid the traffic rush hours otherwise ask police to divert and regulate the traffic to minimize the traffic jam and alleviate the impact on transport of local residents.
4.1.9 Impact on Social and Business Activities
The construction of water supply pipeline will affect the business activities of merchants in the vicinity of the construction zones, including catering, service industry, daily goods and etc. During the construction period, due to partial close of the road, these merchants will not only face a decreased daily turnover but also need to continue to pay the rents, taxes, employees’ salary and various utilities to maintain normal operation. Therefore, to reduce the impact of the construction on business activities of surrounding merchants as much as possible, the construction unit shall optimize the construction plan, divide the work into multiple sections under the premise of construction quality assurance, shorten the construction time of each section, reserve passageways as wide as possible for non-motor vehicles and people, leave temporary loading and unloading ways for merchants, enhance the construction management and keep road clear, excavate and backfill the construction waste at the
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same day or transport it away at night or immediately.
4.2 Environmental Impact Analysis in the Operation Period
4.2.1 Impact Analysis of Wastewater Treatment Component in Operation Period
1. Impact Analysis of the Wastewater Treatment Component on Water Environment in the Operation Period
After the upgrading of all WWTPs is completed and put into operation, the wastewater discharge standards would be raised, which will have a positive influence on the improvement of local surface water environment and demonstrate significant environmental benefits. The implementation of WWTP and pipeline network components of Guilin Integrated Environmental Management Project will improve the collection and treatment rate of urban wastewater, control pollution load into the river, reduce the discharge of pollution load (COD, TN and TP) within the region into the river (among them, reduce COD by 1270.5t/a, BOD by 1270.5t/a, SS by 1270.5t/a, ammonia-N by 381.15t/a, TN by 635.25t/a and TP by 63.525t/a, and improve the river water quality and environmental quality surrounding the river. Meanwhile, the project is targeted to control and improve the quality of the water environment of the rivers of city-and-town within the Yangtze River and Pearl River Basin, enhance the centralized treatment capacity and effectiveness of 2-staged municipal WWTPs in the Taohua River and Lijiang River basins. More people will benefit from the provision the wastewater treatment service.
2. Impact Analysis of Solid Waste in the Wastewater Treatment Component
The solid waste of WWTP mainly consists of screen residue, grit chamber residue, dewatered sludge and staffs’ household waste. Under certain temperature and humidity, particularly in muggy weather, these substances are prone to decay and smelling, and among them, the dewatered sludge has the biggest impact on surrounding environment. The main features of the dewatered sludge are: (1) high
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moisture content (≤80％) of high fluidity; (2) fine particles and poor permeability; (3) easily become a breeding place for mosquitoes and flies and thus become a spreading source of diseases; and (4) easily generate leachate and the pollutants in it will contaminate the surface water and ground water when entering into water bodies.
① Environmental Impact within the WWTPs
(1) Environment Impact of Sludge Dewatering Process
In normal cases, the sludge needs to be concentrated before dewatering, the concentrating tank often stinks, especially in hot summer, and on the surface of the tank there is often floating sludge and easily to breed mosquitoes and flies.
When thickened sludge is dewatered, the dewatering room stinks. If spill occurs during the process of transporting dewatered sludge, it would cause environmental pollution.
(2) Environment Impact of Sludge Storage Process
The dewatered sludge should be cleared away timely. If contacting with water, the dewatered sludge becomes slurry with good fluidity, which is easy to flow away.
Under the leaching of rain water, the leachate contains a great amount of pollutants and may contaminate the surface and ground water bodies. Therefore, the dewatered sludge should not be misplaced and a temporary storage place with special impermeable layer and rain shelter must be set up. In addition, the dewatered sludge is not completely stable and the long-term storage will cause anaerobic digestion and produce H2S and other stinky matters, which will affect the air quality. The storage place of dewatered sludge is also a breeding place of mosquitoes and flies, which will have adverse influence on environment and health. At present, the sludge of all
WWTPs is temporarily kept in their own plant, it ultimately should be transported to the Sludge Disposal Center in Shanyao WWTP for sludge composting; however, because of the improper management of the center, the turning process of the
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composting has resulted in odor spillover and caused regional odor pollution. After implementation of the project, a new sludge disposal center will be established in
Lingui, the center will employ advanced composting technology and equipment as well as improved management and the original Sludge Disposal Center of Shanyao
WWTP will be shut down, and thereby to reduce the odor impact on the region.
(3) Environment Impact in the Sludge Transportation Process
Although all the sludge has been treated in certain degree within the plant, it is still a pollutant with certain hazards. The sludge of all WWTPs under the project has only received concentration and dewatering treatments. Such sludge has not been stabilized or hazard-free and it contains a great amount of perishable organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms, such as, Escherichia coli and Ascaris eggs. Therefore, the environment issue during the transportation process of sludge is very important. At the moment, the transport of sludge is mainly by vehicle. If the sludge sticks to the outside of vehicle body or wheels during the loading and unloading process or the vehicles has poor tightness, the transporting vehicles will spill the sludge in vicinity of the WWTP and over the road along the way, which will contaminate the road. Spilling and overflowing of sludge with stink shall be strictly avoided during its transportation.
The WWTP should use closed special vehicles for transportation to prevent water and sludge leakage and sludge spill. Meanwhile，the transportation time of the sludge should be strictly controlled and to avoid the rush hours as much as possible. Overall, the transportation of the sludge is an issue that cannot be ignored and must be dealt with care.
② The Sludge Treatment and Disposal Plan of All WWTPs
Sludge is the product of wastewater treatment process and sludge treatment is an important part of wastewater treatment. The purposes of the sludge treatment are to decrease the moisture content of the sludge, reduce the sludge size, enable the sludge
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to reach a stable status, and create conditions for further disposal and integrated use.
The normal process of wastewater treatment is “concentration- dewatering- disposal”
or “concentration- digestion- dewatering- disposal”.
After dewatering, the water content of the sludge is still high and the specific disposal
methods are listed in Table 4.2-1.
Table 4.2-1 Sludge Disposal Methods in the WWTPs Treatment Sludge Sludge Quantity Dewatering Disposal Project Name Capacity Quantity(t/d) (t/d) of 60％ Method Method (m3/d) Dry Weight Water Content Chamber filter The Upgrading of Shangyao press+ 145000 17.4 43.5 WWTP (145,000m3/d) low-temperature vacuum drying Chamber filter The Upgrading of Qilidian press+ 3 160000 19.2 48 WWTP (160,000m /d) low-temperature vacuum drying Chamber filter Transfer to The Upgrading of Beichong press+ the sludge 3 30000 3.6 9 WWTP (30,000m /d) low-temperature disposal vacuum drying center for composting Chamber filter The Upgrading of Yanshan press+ 3 20000 2.4 96 WWTP (20,000m /d) low-temperature vacuum drying Chamber filter Bioreactor Deodorization press+ 3 30000 3.6 9 Lingui WWTP (30,000m /d) low-temperature vacuum drying
③ Feasibility and Reliability Analysis for within the WWTP Sludge Disposal Methods
According to the analysis result of sludge components and comparison with the actual
operating experience of Shangyao WWTP, the disposal method of the sludge
produced in WWTP through sludge disposal project is technically feasible.
3. The Impact of the Project Implementation on Atmospheric Environment
The primary impact on ambient air during the operation period of wastewater
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treatment facilities is odor. In the treatment process of wastewater, the organic matter in wastewater is decomposed under anaerobic conditions and produces odor and the concentration of odor is related with temperature. The odor is strong in summer. The odor is a mixed gases, mainly consisting of NH3 and H2S. The odor comes primarily from screen, grit chamber, aeration tank, sludge dewatering room, and sludge storage tank.
According to the existing facility monitoring result, the plant boundary of each WWTP has varying degrees of odor pollution and the pollution in some plant boundary has been already close to the standard limit. After implementation of the project, the new added deodorization process will reduce the odor impact in the region and the local air quality will be improved.
4. Impact of Noise
The major noise sources of WWTP are various machines and pumps. These devices are mainly in inlet pumping station, sludge dewatering room, return sludge pumping and air blower room. The noise intensity is listed in Table 4.2-2.
Table 4.2-2 Noise Impact Analysis of Key Noise-Producing Devices in Wastewater Treatment Projects Intensity of Noise Source dB(A) Device name No control measures With acoustic barrier Wastewater pump 90-100 80 Sludge pump 90-100 80
Air compressor 95-105 85 Air blower 80-90 80 Transporting vehicle 75-80 ——
From Table 4.2-2, it can be seen that if there is no noise reduction and prevention measures, the noise intensity can reach 105dB (A), and after installation of mufflers and closing the buildings, the noise intensity will decrease by 20 dB (A) approximately.
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The key noise-producing equipments in the WWTPs include wastewater pumps, air compressors and air blowers. The noise of the air blower within the room is 80～
90dB (A), and after adopting sound insulation measures, its noise is reduced to 80dB
(A); pumps are normally put in the room and their noise sound level is 90～100dB
(A), after noise control measures are implemented, the noise is reduced to 80dB (A), together with outdoor and distance attenuation and the blockage of existing green belts, the noise at the plant boundary could meet the Class II standard in “Emission
Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” (GB12348-2008) (Daytime
60dB (A) and nighttime 50dB (A)) basically.
It can be concluded from the above analysis results, the implementation of wastewater treatment project will have good and positive environmental benefits.
4.2.2 Impact Analysis of Sludge Disposal Component in the Operation Period
I. Analysis of Waste Gas Impact
The impact of odorous pollutants is the primary one. During the process of sludge dewatering and composting, the sludge is exposed and malodorous gas reeks, and the fermentation tanks also will produce odor pollutants.
The project adopts biological deodorizing method to remove odorous pollutants, using microorganisms to eliminate malodorous gas. The activity of microorganisms determines the performance of the reactor and therefore, the conditions of the reactor shall be favorable for growth and metabolism of microorganisms. In fact, these factors are parameters to be considered in designing and operating process of biological filtration reactors, and they either impose impact on the process of metabolism through affecting the growth environment of microorganisms or on the process of mass transfer. Accordingly, controlling these parameters in a proper range is decisive for the operational efficiency of the entire biological deodorization reactor. The key factors include the following:
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(l) Temperature
Temperature is essential for the survival of microorganisms. To a great degree, the biological deodorization system relies on the degradation activity of mesophilic bacteria (favorable temperature is 25℃~35℃). The influence degree of temperature varies with the change of properties of the air inflow. As long as the temperature is kept in the optimum range that the microorganisms degrade odorous substances, the capacity of the unit volume of the biological media to degrade odorous materials will not be affected significantly by temperature.
Temperature affects mass transfer and biological degradation process. Theoretically, temperature imposes impact on biological system in two ways: affecting the diffusion rate of substrate to cells and influencing the catalytic reaction rate of enzymes. The biochemical reaction rate inside the cell will reach a maximum value as temperature increases; then, the further increase of temperature will affect the biological activity of enzymes and result in the decline of the reaction rate.
In the biological deodorization system under high temperature, the thermophilic bacteria are dominant bacteria. During the system shutdown period, the temperature will drop to the ambient temperature and cause the death of some microorganisms, and when restarted, a long adaptation period would be needed. When the system is running in winter, the unheated inlet temperature may drop below zero and at this moment, the deodorization efficiency will be lowered, particularly when the operation of the system reach the designed pollutant load. The increase of temperature is whether conducive to the transfer process depends on the situation. The rise of temperature also accelerates the evaporation of moisture within the biological bed.
The temperature in the reactor is decided by the temperature of inflow and the exothermic metabolic activity of microorganisms inside the bed. So, to have an ideal result, the raw gas that does not meet the temperature requirement needs to go through
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the heat exchanger before entering into the system in order to reach the suitable temperature range for microorganisms’ growth. Accordingly, the system shall decide design parameters based on deodorization efficiency under low temperature.
(2) Humidity
The humidity condition within biological deodorization devices is crucial. Moisture is a basic condition for growth and metabolism of special microorganism population in the system. Since the humidity can affect the deodorization process from two aspects, i.e. the activity of microorganisms and the transfer process of target pollutants, maintaining the moisture content of filter media at the optimum level is therefore a key requirement for operation of the biological deodorization system. Favorable humidity can also provide certain buffer capacity for the filter. When the water solubility of target pollutants is different, the aspect and degree of the humidity impact will be different, too.
If the humidity in biological filtration device is too low, it would affect the transfer process of the gas phase to bio-film and the buffer capacity of the medium, and meanwhile, inhibit the normal metabolism of microorganisms. When the humidity is lower than 30%, the system will lose the deodorization capacity basically. Studies showed that when the ambient humidity of filter media is close to saturation, it would be the best. High humidity will reduce the permeability of filtration media, increase running resistance, and create conditions for blockage, pressure drop increase, gas flow short circuit and even the formation of anaerobic zone.
(3) pH Value
The activities of most microorganisms have an optimum pH range, the pH in biological bed is normally 7~8, the most favorable range of bacteria and actinomycetes. Changing the pH value of the liquid phase will affect their activity significantly. During the bio-oxidation process, the compounds containing S, N and Cl
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will produce acid intermediates, which will lower the pH value of the bed and affect the deodorization efficiency.
Lime, marlstone, shells and other buffering agents are normally added into the filter material ahead to regulate pH in bio-filters. For biological tricking filters and scrubbers that the degradation occurs in liquid phase, the pH value can be simply controlled through adjusting the pH of the liquid phase.
(4) Nutrients and Oxygen
Theoretically, most of nutrients used by microorganisms in biological purification device can be recycled after the death and digestion of cells, however, some of them will be unavoidably lost via various ways. For instance, the sources of bioavailable N in the device include biomass, mineralized organic N, dosing N and etc. Meanwhile, the new biomass synthetizing, nitrogen gas-stripping, denitrification and leaching will result in the loss of N nutrients. Therefore, like other biological metabolism, organisms also need timely supplement of N, P and microelements while degrading odorous substances. It is generally believed that the ratio of BOD:N:P = 100:5:1 is acceptable. Natural filter materials normally already contain sufficient mineral nutrients; however, because the composition and concentration of odorous sources will be changed at any time as well as the complicated change of medium properties of filter materials, it will become critical for the purification process whether some special nutrients can supplemented or not. Many studies have already reported that the addition of nutrients into filter media can improve the degradation effects of specific pollutants by certain degrees.
(5) Properties of the Filter Media
Filter media is the first thing to be considered in the design of the biological deodorization reactors. An ideal filter media should be a good media for mass transferring and conversion of reactions. The research results in recent years and the
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actual operating experiences have showed that the filter media shall have the following features and functions in order to ensure a high efficiency operation:
1) The particle sizes and clearance structure should provide larger specific surface
area and low pressure drop, and thereby, to increase the attached area of
microorganisms in the reactor as much as possible, that is, to increase the biomass
in unit volume of filter media, and hence, to increase the deodorizing capacity of
unit volume of media to the greatest extent.
2) Required structural strength and corrosion resistance as to keep filter media in a
minimum degree of compaction and reduce the maintenance and replacement.
3) Good water-holding capacity, which is a critical factor for maintaining the
activity of microorganisms.
4) Good surface properties, which can provide favorable environmental conditions
(nutrients, humidity, pH value and carbon supply) for growth and propagation of
microorganisms. This will enable filter media to have certain adsorption
properties for target targets and improve the deodorization rate accordingly, and
therefore, reach and maintain a high degradation rate.
According to the odor monitoring result at the boundary of the Sludge Disposal
Center of Shangyao WWTP, the concentration of the odor is 10~19, meeting the standard for odor pollutants at boundary in Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants
(GB 14554-93) but close to the limit. Comparing with the odor monitoring results of similar bio-organic fertilizer production projects, including Pingguo Biochemical
Plant of Guangxi Hongshengyuan Environmental Technology Co. Ltd. and Biological
Products Plant of Guangxi Hongshengyuan Environmental Technology Co. Ltd. in
Overseas Chinese Economic Park of Longan County, the concentration of the odor at boundary of these factories is 11~20, meeting the standard for odor pollutants at boundary in Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants (GB 14554-93). After doing
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research on domestic and oversea setting requirements of sanitary buffer zone, it is suggested to set up protective sanitary distance (500m) in composting workshop, one producing the biggest concentration of odor, and to do greening within the buffer distance to reduce the impact of composting odor on environment.
II. Waste Water
During composting processes, water contents in the composting material will greatly influence the fermentation. Water plays roles as below: first, organic material may be water may be soluble in water, which will be involved in metabolism of microorganisms; Second, water can be useful for the adjustment of composting temperature. When the temperature is too high, water vaporization may bring away some heat. If water content is too low, the reproduction of microorganism will be inhibited and sludge decomposition will be slowed down or even stopped. If water content is excessive, the clearances inside the material will filled with water, leading to less air flow and insufficient oxygen supply and anaerobic status. Meanwhile, excessive water contents may take away too much heat, composting temperature may not reach the required temperature. The activity of thermophilic bacteria may be affected. Practices have demonstrated that water contents between 50-60% of the composting sludge is appropriate. In this project, the water content requested in the sludge disposal plant is 60%. Such sludge contains crystal water rather than free water.
By adding some conditioning material such as saw dust, rice hull, straw and recirculation material, the water content of the sludge may reach 55%. During composting process, water will lose via vaporization and no leachate will be formed thus no wastewater will be discharged. Only under the extreme condition (when all turning machines are out of service), sludge will be fermented from aerobic to anaerobic status, small portion of wastewater will be generated.
Moreover, at sludge storing point and sludge loader workshop, small amount of
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wastewater may be generated from flushing, approximately 1~2m3/d. Wastewater collection pipe around these locations may be furnished.,.
The waste water produced during the operating process of the project is basically a small amount of domestic waste water produced by staff. The manpower quota of the project is 20 persons, the amount of waste water produced is about 2m3/d and the main pollutants are COD, BOD5, SS and NH3-N with a concentration of 300mg/L,
150 mg/L, 150 mg/L and 20 mg/L respectively. All wastewater collected from the plant can be treated by the simple treatment facility onsite or, depending on the site chosen, discharged into nearby sewer to be treated at WWTPs.
III. Noise
The noise produced during the operating process of machinery and equipment for sludge transportation, dosage and turning over will be 80～100 dB (A). The distance from the placement location of machinery and equipment of the project to plant boundary is over 70m, through distance attenuation and installation of acoustic barrier and damping devices for machinery and equipment, the noise at the boundary satisfies the requirement of Class II standard in “Noise Emission Standard for
Industrial Enterprises Boundary ”(GB12348-2008).
The distance from the location of sludge disposal plant to surrounding sensitive points is over 500m and after distance attenuation, the noise produced by the project will only have a small impact on environmental sensitive points.
IV. Solid Wastes
The solid waste produced during the operation process of the project is mainly domestic solid waste. If based on the solid waste amount of 1kg/person·day, the quantity of domestic waste produced by the project is about 20kg/d. The solid waste will be transported to the solid waste landfill.
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4.2.3 Impact Analysis of the Pumping Stations in the Operation Period
The pumping station project is primarily equipment renovation at the original PS sites; and during the operation process the impact of pumping stations is basically the same as current situation, no big change. The main noise source of pumping stations comes from wastewater pump and the intensity of noise source is 60～80 dB (A).
(1) Noise Projection Model
The wall of the pumping room is airtight, the noise arrives at sound reception point after the shielding effect of the located building (or surrounding protective structures), the distance attenuation between noise source and sound reception point, the air absorption and ground absorption. The attenuation with distance prediction model for point source is selected to predict the noise impact of the wastewater pump noise source on environment.
The prediction result of noise impact of boosting PS is given in Table 4.2-3.
Table 4.2-3 Noise Attenuation Calculation Results of the Boosting Pumping Stations Unit: dB (A) Sound Pressure Level (dB) of Noise Source Over a Certain Distance Device name (m) attenuation 10 15 20 30 50 80 100 120 130 Wastewater pump in 60.0 56.5 54.0 48.0 44.4 41.9 40.0 38.4 37.1 the PSs
The predictive results in Table 4.2-3 shows that the boosting PS on the midway has a small impact on surrounding acoustic environment and after 30m of distance attenuation the noise source can satisfy the Class II standard requirement in “Noise
Emission Standard at Industrial Enterprise Boundary” (GB12348-2008) (Daytime
60dB (A) and nighttime 50dB (A)).
4.3 Environmental Risk Assessment
In Guilin Integrated Environmental Management Project of the World Bank Funded,
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the key project component that may have environmental risks is the wastewater treatment. According to the pollution impact analysis of wastewater treatment type component, the following primary environmental risks of the urban wastewater treatment project are identified:
(1) In case of power outage, unexpected natural disasters and other sudden accidents,
the wastewater treatment facilities stop running, a large number of untreated
wastewater will be discharged directly;
(2) Because of the sudden change of the quality and quantity of inflow, the treatment
efficiency of wastewater is declined. This will lead to the deterioration of effluent
quality, exceeding the national discharge standards and imposing significant
adverse impact on water environment and ecosystem.
The equipment and facilities may fail due to the quality issue or improper maintenance. This will affect the wastewater treatment efficiency or even result in direct discharge of untreated wastewater; or because of certain irresistible external causes, such as power failure and unexpected natural disasters, the wastewater treatment facilities stop running, a large number of untreated wastewater is discharged directly. This will be an extreme situation of abnormal discharge of WWTP. When the power failure cause the abnormal running of the wastewater treatment facilities, the wastewater can only be discharged into surface water bodies directly through bypassing pipes.
The device malfunction of wastewater or sludge treatment system reduces the wastewater treatment capacity, the effluent quality could not meet the design requirement, or the sludge could not be concentrated and dewatered timely, the sludge will be fermented, and the sludge retention tank will overflow together stink odor.
The wastewater treatment effectiveness of urban WWTP is greatly affected by the quantity and quality of the raw wastewater which flow into the plant. In accordance
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with the requirement of the state environmental law and regulations, the industrial wastewater of enterprises must meet the relevant national standards before it is discharged. When the wastewater treatment facilities of enterprises comes across emergent power outage or other sudden accidents, its wastewater may be discharged into urban wastewater pipes without treatment and entered into newly built WWTPs.
If the load surges of the wastewater entering into the plant is too big, pH will be over
6~9, persistent organic toxicants will be over the limit or other abnormal situations occur, that would result in a decline of the activity of microorganisms in WWTP or even the bio-phase destruction and the sludge bulking, and finally the worsened effluent quality, exceeding the national discharge standards and imposing significant adverse impact on water environment and ecosystem.
Since the risks of wastewater treatment system accidents are unexpected, it may bring significant damages to persons who maintain the system and when it is serious, it may be life-threatening. When environmental risks or accidents happen, the health and safety of workers in WWTPs will be firstly affected.
(1) Risk Impact Analysis of People Poisoned by Noxious Gases
In case any incident takes place in the wastewater treatment system, the problems must be resolved immediately, and meanwhile, the maintenance workers need to enter into the wastewater pipes, sumps or wastewater tanks to work. These places tend to produce or accumulate high concentrations of poisonous gases, such as hydrogen sulfide, methane and carbon dioxide. If no protective measures are adopted when working, maintenance workers may inhale toxic gases and have dizziness, respiration problem and other symptoms due to poor ventilation. The worst may result in casualties.
According to data concerned, tens of accidents happened in the wastewater pipes and combined pipes in around 20 cities. In these accidents, maintenance workers are either
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poisoned or even died because of poisonous gas within pipes or because of explosion caused by methane, a flammable gas and when contacted with open flame it will cause explosion and threaten people’s safety. Therefore, taking personal security measures for operating workers is crucial for protect people from toxic gases. Taking ventilation measures to allow poisonous and harmful gases completely dissipate and the working space full of fresh air is the most effective way to prevent poisoning. If fully ventilation cannot be achieved, workers should not enter into the dangerous space, and if it is indeed necessary to enter the space, workers must wear effective protective equipment. Protective equipment may include gas mask, air supply mask and the testing apparatuses contain gas detection equipment and test strips.
(2) Risk Impact Analysis of Diseases Caused by Pathogens on Health
Wastewater or sludge contains various pathogens and parasite eggs. The mist and water vapor produced by wastewater treatment facilities can spread bacteria and viruses. The staff members of the WWTPs are exposed to microorganisms in wastewater and sludge and may be infected and sick. The infection may be happened because of direct inhale of gas or contact with water droplets that are stained on skin or clothing. Gases can be condensed in the places like aeration tank, outlet weir, water sprinkling mouth of irrigation, air blower room and dewatering room. In places where water vapor is highly condensed, gauze respirator can reduce the inhale of toxic substances. This kind of environmental risks is mainly related with operating workers in the plant who can be directly infected by pathogens and get sick. The probability that the people outside the plant get infected and sick is very small. However, if the operating workers are infected and got sick and their diseases could not be controlled, which will spread the disease and damage the health of the population outside the plant.
4.4 Cumulative Impact Analysis
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Once the WWTP upgrading is completed and put into operation, the wastewater
discharge standards would be raised, which will have a positive influence on
improvement of local surface water environment and demonstrate significant
environmental benefits. The estimated reduction amount of pollution load of
WWTPs is given in Table 4.4-1.
Table 4.4-1 Quantity Reduction of Pollution Load of WWTPs Before Project After Project Reduction Reduction Projects Items Implementation Implementation Amount of Rate (%) (t/a) (t/a) Pollutants (t/a) COD 2871 2392.5 478.5 16.67 Shangyao BOD5 957 478.5 478.5 50 WWTP SS 957 478.5 478.5 50 Upgrading NH3-N 382.8 239.25 143.55 37.5 (145,000m3/d) TN 957 717.75 239.25 25 TP 47.85 23.925 23.925 50 COD 3168 2640 528 16.67 Qilidian BOD5 1056 528 528 50 WWTP SS 1056 528 528 50 Upgrading NH3-N 422.4 264 158.4 37.5 160,000m3/d) TN 1056 792 264 25 TP 52.8 26.4 26.4 50 COD 594 495 99 16.67 Beichong BOD5 198 99 99 50 WWTP SS 198 99 99 50 Upgrading NH3-N 79.2 49.5 29.7 37.5 (30,000m3/d) TN 198 148.5 49.5 25 TP 9.9 4.95 4.95 50 COD 396 330 66 16.67 Yanshan BOD5 132 66 66 50 WWTP SS 132 66 66 50 Upgrading NH3-N 52.8 33 19.8 37.5 (20,000m3/d) TN 132 99 33 25 TP 6.6 3.3 3.3 50 COD 594 495 99 16.67 Bioreactor BOD 198 99 99 50 Deodorization 5 SS 198 99 99 50 of Lingui NH -N 79.2 49.5 29.7 37.5 WWTP 3 (30,000m3/d) TN 198 148.5 49.5 25 TP 9.9 4.95 4.95 50 COD 7623 6352.5 1270.5 16.67 BOD5 2541 1270.5 1270.5 50.00 SS 2541 1270.5 1270.5 50.00 Total NH3-N 1016.4 635.25 381.15 37.50 TN 2541 1905.75 635.25 25.00 TP 127.05 63.525 63.525 50.00
The implementation of WWTP and pipeline network components of Guilin Integrated
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Environmental Management Project will improve the collection and treatment rate of urban wastewater, control pollution load into the river, reduce the discharge of pollution load (COD, TN and TP) within the region into the river (among them, reduce COD by 1270.5t/a, BOD by 1270.5t/a, SS by 1270.5t/a, ammonia-N by
381.15t/a, total N by 635.25t/a and total P by 63.525t/a), and improve the river water quality and environmental quality surrounding the river. At mean time, the project is targeted to control and improve the quality of water environment of downtown rivers within the Yangtze River and Pearl River Basin, enhance the centralized treatment capacity and effectiveness of class II urban wastewater in the Taohua River and
Lijiang River basins, and to increase the number of people who will benefit from the wastewater treatment service.
4.5 Long-term Impacts of Sludge Utilization
The sludge from WWTP is a kind of usable organic solid waste or a renewable biological resource. It contains a great amount of organic matters promoting plant growth, abundant N, P, K and many microelements, and is an important organic fertilizer resource and a good soil conditioner. But, the sludge without treatment may contain heavy metals, a lot of parasite eggs and pathogenic organisms. Sludge after proper composting treatment may significantly reduce parasite eggs and pathogenic organisms. The treated sludge may be used in forestation and urban landscaping.
The WWTPs under the project mainly deal with domestic wastewater, and extremely small amount of industrial waste water. The sludge testing result is summarized in Table 4.5-1. It can be seen from the data in the table that heavy metal contents of the sludge from Guilin municipal WWTPs can meet the requirements regarding sludge for agricultural application in the standard GB18918-2002 Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Discharging Standard. However, heavy metals may accumulate gradually in soil and be absorbed by plant root system then finally be enriched in the plant body when the sludge is applied in the same field for a long period of time.
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Therefore, it is suggested that such sludge is not suggested to be applied for the edible plants or in the same field for long time. PIU had entered an agreement with Guilin Forestry Bureau to reuse the treated sludge as fertilizer for forestry and landscaping, and will not be used to fertilize any edible crops/vegetables.
Table 4.5-1 Pollutants Analysis for Guilin WWTP Sludge（mg/kg dry sludge）
Source of Sludge T-Cd T-Hg T-Pb T-As T-Ni T-Zn T-Cu T-Cr BaP Qilidian WWTP 2.44 2.32 27.3 11.8 22 188 69 139 0.0037 Shangyao WWTP 2.15 2.89 12.1 26.8 38 171 119 215 0.0038 Beichong WWTP 2.25 2.43 21.6 13.0 18 175 40 38 0.002 Yanshan WWTP 3.04 2.31 12.2 14.8 17 162 100 131 0.002 Sludge Disposal Center 1.57 3.01 10.8 7.6 15 144 86 112 0.0161 Std for Acid soil (pH 5 5 300 75 100 2000 800 600 3 Sludge ＜6.5) applied Neutral & for alkaline soil 20 15 1000 75 200 3000 1500 1000 3 farming (pH≥6.5)
Meanwhile, during the treatment process of the wastewater, it is necessary to put in certain amount of flocculants, normally polymeric aluminum, calcium oxide, ferric chloride and polyacrylamide (PAM), these flocculants will enter into the sludge too. Along with the application of the sludge from wastewater treatment process as fertilizer or soil conditioner to crop field, the sludge produced by flocculation and sedimentation method is more and more widely used as a fertilizer. High content of aluminum in soil will deteriorate the physical and chemical properties of soil. When the soil pH is lower than 5.5, aluminum in soil will combine with phosphate and form insoluble aluminum phosphate, the phosphorus in soil will thus be fixed and hard to be absorbed, which will result in phosphorus deficiency of plants. In an acid environment, the target organ of aluminum salt toxicity to plants is root tips, aluminum can directly inhibit the growth of plant roots, so that the root cells cannot divide and the development and elongation of roots are hampered. Meanwhile, the aluminum absorbed by roots does not transfer to plant stems and leaves above the ground, most of it is concentrated in root tips and strong cell division sites of lateral roots, which will hinder the root growth heavily. Aluminum can also combine with pectin in cell walls, enhance the cross linked structure of pectin, retard the water absorption of plants, and therefore hinder the growth of plants.
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If the wastewater is treated with ferric chloride flocculants, the sludge formed has chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna and can result in a decreased spawning rate and an increased mortality rate of it. Excessive accumulation of ferrous salt in soil will also affect the plant growth. After suffering from iron toxicity, the leaf surface of rice will appear brown spots, which will affect the rice yield greatly.
PAM is a kind of macromolecule polymer, being white sand like powder or colorless transparent colloid with good water solubility but insoluble in most of organic solvents. PAM has good flocculation property, it is non-toxic and harmless and hard to be degraded in the environment. In wastewater treatment, PAM has already become a dominant species of flocculants and will enter into the sludge in the form of solid waste at the end. According to studies, PAM has the effect of improving soil stability and can enhance the structural properties of soil; and through generating or stabilizing water-stable aggregates and promoting absorption of fertilizer elements, PAM can enhance the soil capacity in absorption and retention of fertilizers, inhibit the loss of fertilizer nutrients and improve the use efficiency of fertilizers. At the same time, the capillary water of soil will be increased and used by plants for growth. Adding PAM to soil can increase soil porosity and the soil porosity intends to increase as the application of PAM increases. The soil porosity after sowing is bigger than that before harvesting. Therefore, PAM has the function to improve the absorption and utilization of fertilizers by soil.
4.6 Application of World Bank’s Environment, Health and Sanitation
Guidelines
In view of the actual situation of the project, three major World Bank technical reference documents are applicable, i.e. the “General Guidelines on Environment,
Health and Safety”, “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Water and
Sanitation”, and “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines for Waste Management
Facilities”.
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According to the Guideline, the noise emission standard for industrial and commercial
facilities applied should be 70dB (A) at daytime and 70dB (A) at nighttime, and in
China, the noise emission standard for mixed zone is 60dB (A) at daytime and 50dB
(A) at nighttime. Comparing those two standards, it can be seen that the China
domestic noise emission standard can satisfy the requirement of the General
Guidelines of the World Bank.
In the WB Environment, Health and Safety Guidlines of Solid Waste Management
facilities , there is only standard for water pollution control of municipal landfill, but
no specific requirement for the sludge composting. While there is no pollution control
standard for sludge composting in China either, but there is discharge standard for
leachate from the municipal landfill, GB16880-2008 Standard for Pollution Control of
Domestic Solid Waste landfill Site. The comparison of the two standards is given in
the table 4.6-1.
Table 4.6-1 Comparison of China standard regarding water pollutants discharge of domestic landfill sites with pertinent WB EHS guideline
No Pollutant to be controlled China Standards WB EHS Guideline 1 Color（dilution ratio） 40 -- 2 CODCr（mg/L） 100 -- 3 BOD5（mg/L） 30 37 4 SS（mg/L） 30 27 5 TN（mg/L） 40 -- 6 NH3-N（mg/L） 25 5 7 TP（mg/L） 3 -- number of fecal coliforms 8 10000 -- （no.//L） 9 T-Hg（mg/L） 0.001 -- 10 T-Cd（mg/L） 0.01 -- 11 T- Cr（mg/L） 0.1 -- 12 Cr+6（mg/L） 0.05 -- 13 T-As（mg/L） 0.1 -- 14 T- Pb（mg/L） 0.1 --
Note: Pollutant monitoring locations are all at the outlets of normal wastewater treatment facilities.
It can be seen that from Table 4.6-1 that pollutant factors BOD5, SS and NH3-H are all
required by both standards. China Standard for Pollutant Control of Domestic Solid
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Waste Landfill Site is more stringent regarding BOD5 while the limits for SS and
NH3-H, China standards are relatively lenient.
Other guidelines, including the general and specific industry examples adopted by
Good International Industrial Practice (GIIP) are also good guidance for the implementation and management of the project. The relevant applicable measures have been integrated into the project environment management plan.
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5 Public Participation and Information Disclosure
5.1 Purposes, Methods and Scope
The purpose of Guilin Integrated Environment Management Project of the World Bank Funded is to accelerate the comprehensive environment improvement and urban environment infrastructure construction of Guilin City, and create conditions for the local economic and social development in harmony. The implementation of the project will bring about the water environment improvement of the project catchment areas and the city; effectively improve the ecological function of the basin and enhance the city view and grade; lift people’s living quality and standard; and therefore, lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of Guilin municipality. Nonetheless, the construction and operation of the project will cause environment impact to the peripheral areas of the components which will directly affect the immediate interests of the local people who live close to the project sites. In accordance with the requirement of China’s Environment Protection Law and Regulations, and the Safeguard Policies of the World Bank (OP4.01), the public participation announcement on the overall project has been disclosed and the public opinion survey was done.
5.2 Information Disclosure
Public consultation and information disclosure have been conducted following the national laws and regulations, as well as World Bank OP4.01 Environmental Assessment. The public consultation and information disclosure were carried out through a combination of internet, advertisement and public meeting. First round of public consultation and information disclosure was carried after the completion of EIA outline and during the preparation of individual project component EIA reports, and second round of public consultation and information disclosure was carried after the completion of the draft comprehensive EIA report.
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The first announcement of the Comprehensive EIA was disclosed in the Website of Guilin Municipal Development and Reform Committee (DRC) and Guilin Municipal Administration Bureau on Nov. 13 2013. The websites are: http://www.glin.cn/jw/news/kszz/lywz/wjgg/2013/11/1301.htm and http://www.glsz.gov.cn/index/articleshow2.asp?id=324787 respectively. Screen shot see Pic. 5.1 and 5.2.
The first round of information disclosure provides information on the project components, such as the location and construction contents, meanwhile, public participation and survey was done on issues/questions related to the project. During the disclosure period, no objection or questioning was received.
The second round EA disclosure was through posting in the affected areas in January 2014. The second round of information disclosure provides information on the access of draft comprehensive EIA report (time and venue) at the office of Guilin Municipal DRC and Guilin Drainage Company, and communication channel for the public to raise their opinions, as well as provide feedback to comments collected at first round consultation and collect comments from public at second round consultation, in order to get the understanding from the public on proposed construction and mitigation measures of the project. During the disclosure period, no objection or questioning was received. The posters of the first and second announcements are posted around the project sensitive sites, see Pic. 5.3-5.17.
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Pic 5-1 Screenshot of the first round Information Disclosure on Guilin Municipal DRC Web
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Pic 5-2 Screenshot of the second round information disclosure on Guilin Municipal DRC Web
Pic 5.3: Poster in Jietou Village Pic 5.4 Poster in Yangjialing
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Pic 5.5 Poster in Yaotou Village Pic 5.6 Poster in Jiuhua Community
Pic 5.7 Poster in Shanzao Village Pic 5.8 Poster in Jiangjiaba
Pic 5.9 Poster in Jiemeiqiao Pic5.10 Poster in Maotanglu Community
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Pic 5.11 Poster in Changsheng Time Square Pic 5.12 Poster in Tangjia Village
Pic5.13 Poster in Yaoherongyi Residential Pic 5.14 Poster in Mantoushan Pumping Area Station
Pic 5.15 Poster in Nanmenqiao Pumping Pic 5.16 Poster in Qingfeng Pumping Station Station
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Pic 17 Poster in Nanzhou Bridge Pump Station
With regards to sludge component, the specific site for sludge disposal cannot be confirmed due to objection from nearby residents, only an Environment and social Management Framework (see Chapter 8) was prepared. A supplementary announcement was posted in early May 2014 (see Pic 5.18 and 5.19), and followed by public consultation.
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Pic 5-18 Screenshot of the supplementary round information disclosure on Guilin Municipal DRC Web
Pic 5-19 Screenshot of the supplementary round information disclosure on Guilin Municipal Drainage Company Web
5.3 Public Participation Survey
Public participation of the project was mainly done through consultation meeting, on-site interviews and questionnaires. The first round of consultation was conducted in Nov 2013, and the second round was done between Jan and Feb 2014. As the specific site for sludge disposal cannot be confirmed, only an Environment and social
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Management Framework was prepared, hence a supplementary round of public participation and consultation was conducted in early May 2014.
5.3.1 Consultation Meeting for Public Participation
The consultation meeting for public participation was held in the meeting room of Qilidian WWTP on 28th of Jan 2014. The participants of the meeting were leaders or representatives from Guilin Municipal DRC, Drainage Company, Water Supply Company, Guangxi Environment Science Academy, agencies and residents from the project affected areas. The public representative name list could be referred in Table 5.17, and a photo taken at the meeting sees Pic. 5.20.
Table 5.3-1 Public Representative Name List of the Consultation Meeting Name Agencies/Communities Zhilan Tang Maotanglu Community Bing Liu Maotanglu Community Limin Zha Maotanglu Community Zhijun Meng Maotanglu Community Aizheng Zhang Maotanglu Community Shuijiu Yang Yaotou Village Zhemu Township Yanshan District Kaiming Qin Yaotou Village Zhemu Township Yanshan District Hongyu Yang No. 18 Middle School of Guilin City Bing Wang Ao’ter Kindergarten Qiuxue Cai Ling Chuan Fu Shen Sunny Meidi Kindergarten Shuping Qin Tanyan Village Tangjiaqin Hui Lu No. 18 Middle School of Guilin City Guimin Tang Guilin Municipal DRC Yuan Zhang Maotanglu Community Jianying Ding Maotanglu Community Hairong Huang Maotanglu Community Guihong Yang Yaotou Village Zhemu Township Yanshan District Dongsheng Wang Water Supply Company Youcai Ran Water Supply Company Xiuying Xu Water Supply Company Lianying Qin Tanyan Village Tangjiaqin Qiongxiu Long Guibei WWTP Manfa Cai Beichong Village Xiaoyu Long Beichong Village
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Pic 5.20 Public Consultation Meeting
In the meeting, the EA agency briefed the public on the proposed project, project contents and significance. And based on the introduction, they seek the comments of the attendants from the following aspects: The main contents for this public consultation focused on those sensitive issues related to the social and public impacts of the proposed project, including the aspects as follows: （1）Project impact on the peripheral areas; （2）Individual attitudes towards pollution control of the project; （3）Do the public agree to construct the project in the area; （4）Pubic requests and suggestions to the project owners In the consultation meeting, the EA agency analyzed the questions from the public participants and provided corresponding solutions. The public participants raised the odor issue from Shangyao WWTP that affects the production of their agriculture products and the villagers’ life, and requested to complete the project as soon as possible so as to improve the environment; moreover, they also requested attention be paid to the construction period of time and make sure the implementation of the pollution prevention measures to minimize the adverse impact of noise and dust during the construction period. During the construction period, in case there is any complaint from the public, the constructor should address the issue in a timely manner. The clients adopted the comments from the public and made a statement that they
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would strengthen the supervision in the construction period and accelerate the construction pace so as to improve the regional environment quality.
5.3.2 Questionnaire Survey for Public Consultation
Public consultation and participation was done after the public disclosure of draft comprehensive EIA report. The task team distributed questionnaires to the residents living in the periphery areas to be affected by the project. The information of the respondents participating in the questionnaire survey, such as age, occupation and education level etc, could be referred in Table 5.3-2.
Table 5.3-2 Demographic Information Summary Table of the Survey Respondents
Items Contents No. (person) Proportion ( % ) Male 174 46.6% Sex Female 150 40.2% Not Clear 49 13.1% 16-20 5 1.3% 20-29 42 11.3% 30-39 48 12.9% Age 40-49 108 29.0% 50-59 60 16.1% Older than 60 52 13.9% Not Clear 58 15.5% Elementary School 36 9.7% Junior Middle School 139 37.3% Senior Middle School 71 19.0% Education Level Technical Secondary School 5 1.3% Junior College 24 6.4% Undergraduate 6 1.6% Not Clear 92 24.7% Jietou Village 10 2.68% Yaotou Village 60 16.09% Yiji Community 11 2.95% South Ring Road 5 1.34% Guiliang Community 22 5.90% West Ring Road 4 1.07% Village/ Jiuhua Road 7 1.88% Location of the Town/ Maotanglu Community 15 4.02% Respondents Schools Qilidian Road 3 0.80% Toutanglu Community 4 1.07% Wulidian Road 4 1.07% Bianshan 2 0.54% Guilin Gongguan 3 0.80% Shanzao Village 6 1.61% Jiangjiaba 20 5.36%
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Items Contents No. (person) Proportion ( % ) Jiemeiqiao 22 5.90% Zhuyuan Village 15 4.02% Tangjiaqin Tanyan Village 28 7.51% Yaohe Rongyu Residential 2 0.54% Compound Urban Construction School 2 0.54% Zhemu Township Health 3 0.80% Center Guilin Municipal No. 18 3 0.80% Middle School Technical School 1 0.27% Start Elementary School 2 0.54% Red Apple Kindergarten 3 0.80% Beiter Kindergarten 1 0.27% 301 Kindergarten 1 0.27% 301 Hospital 2 0.54% Sunny Meidi Kindergarten 1 0.27% Lingchuan Township Health 1 0.27% Center, Damian Branch Bei Village, Pingshan 10 2.68% Village Committee Beichong Village 53 14.21% Not Clear 10 2.68% Others 37 9.92%
See Table 5.3-3 for the questionnaire.
Table 5.3-3 Public Participation Survey Questionnaire for EIA for Guilin Integrated Environment Management Project
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Project Introduction: Guilin Integrated Environment Management Project Funded by the World Bank includes the construction contents as follows: Guilin city water supply network construction (mainly including construction of a new water supply pipeline of 37 km long, and a new boosting pumping station in Airport Road), the upgrading of the WWTPs in the urban and suburban areas (including Shangyao WWTP, Qilidian WWTP, Beichong WWTP, Yanshan WWTP, and Lingui WWTP), the upgrading of pumping stations and drainage network, and sludge disposal center. The project is applying for a loan of US$100 million from the World Bank. The construction activities of all the project components during the construction period will bring about dust and noise impact to the environment. The mitigation measures for dust prevention and noise reduction will try to minimize the impacts. The upgrading of the WWTPs in the urban areas will focus on lifting the discharge standard and deodorization within the plant areas. The sludge from the WWTPs in the urban areas will be dewatered and transferred to the sludge disposal center in Shankou landfill site for composting disposal. The center will use advanced composting process equipment and enhanced management. The sludge disposal center in Shangyao WWTP will be closed for operation so as to reduce odor impact to the area. The objective of Guilin Integrated Environment Management Project Funded by the World Bank is to lift the water supply and environmental sanitation service development standard so as to further improve the investment environment of Guilin Municipality, promote the rapid urban-rural, social economic development of the city. The project has sound social, environmental and economic benefits. The implementation of the project may inevitably cause certain environmental impacts. In order to meet the environmental protection requirements for the project affected areas as much as possible and achieve both the social and environmental benefits, we need to understand the environmental issues of the local public’s concern, so that we could reflect them in the EIA of the project. Please fill in the questionnaire and put forward your precious comments. Many thanks!
Name: Sex: Age: Education Level: Occupation: Contact No: Agency/Address: Public Comments No. Main Survey Contents (Please tick “√” in your response） Poster□ Newspaper□ TV□ Through which channel, did you get to know 1 From other people□ Other channel□ the project? Not know□ What do you think the local environment Very good□ Relatively Good□ 2 quality? Average□ Relatively bad□ Very bad□ Not know□ Air□ Surface water□ Ground What kind of pollution do you think the local 3 water□ Noise□ Solid waste□ Not environment suffers from? (multiple choices) Know□ Air pollution□ Water pollution□ Do you think whether or not the project after Solid waste pollution□ Noise 4 being built will cause the following □ □ environment problems? (multiple choices) pollution Ecological damage Not know□ Land occupation□ Historical relics Do you think whether or not the project after (landscape) damage□ rare 5 being built will cause the following natural animal/plants damage□ Road (or or social problems? (multiple choices) building) damage□ Others □ Not know□
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Odor□ Traffic congestion□ Do you think the construction of the project Residential (or farming) land 6 will cause what impacts to your life? occupied□ Employment (or income) (multiple choices) affected□ Others□ Not know□ Reasonable□ Need adjusted to Do you think the site selection for the sludge 7 Be reasonable□ Not reasonable□ disposal center is reasonable or not? Not know□ Do you think the project implementation Yes□ Possibly yes□ No□ Not 8 could achieve both the social and □ environmental benefits or not? know Do you support the implementation of the Yes□ Conditional yes□ No□ Not 9 project? know□ Do you have any comments /request on the environment protection of the project? Survey Agency: Environmental Protection Science Academy of Guangxi Jan 2014 In the survey, a total of 420 questionnaires were distributed for public participation and 373 copies were collected, with a response rate of 88.81%. The statistic result of the survey could be referred in Table 5.3-4.
Table 5.3-4 Statistic Result of Public Survey No Proportion Survey Contents Response Choices (persons) （%） Poster 317 84.99% Newspaper 4 1.07% 1. Through which channel, did TV 0 0.00% you get to know the project? From other people 49 13.14% Other channel 3 0.80% Not know 0 0.00% Very good 87 23.32% 2. What do you think the local Relatively good 172 46.11% environment quality? Average 51 13.67% Relatively bad 17 4.56% Very bad 45 12.06% Not know 1 0.27% Air 278 74.53% 3. What kind of pollution do Surface water 88 23.59% you think the local Ground water 47 12.60% environment suffers from? (multiple choices) Noise 107 28.69% Solid waste 22 5.90%
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Not Know 23 6.17% Air pollution 250 67.02% 4. Do you think whether or Water pollution 92 24.66% not the project after being Solid waste pollution 16 4.29% built will cause the following environment problems? Noise pollution 140 37.53% (multiple choices) Ecological damage 8 2.14% Not know 56 15.01% Land occupation 92 24.66% Historical relics 5. Do you think whether or 10 2.68% (landscape) damage not the project after being built will cause the following rare animal/plants damage 31 8.31% natural or social problems? Road(or building) damage 103 27.61% (multiple choices) Others 17 4.56% Not know 157 42.09% Odor 92 24.66% Traffic congestion 99 26.54% 6. Do you think the construction of the project will Residential (or farming) land occupied 42 11.26% cause what impacts to your Employment (or income) affected 10 2.68% life? (multiple choices) Others 20 5.36% Not know 140 37.53% Reasonable 225 60.32% 7. Do you think the site selection for the sludge Need adjusted to be reasonable 45 12.06% disposal center is reasonable Not reasonable 5 1.34% or not? Not know 50 13.40% Yes 253 67.83% 8. Do you think the project implementation could achieve Possibly yes 26 6.97% both the social and No 12 3.22% environmental benefits or not? Not know 82 21.98% Yes 290 77.75% 9. Do you support the Conditional yes 49 13.14% implementation of the project? No 4 1.07% Not know 30 8.04%
Public views on the project are summarized as follows:
(1) Through which channel, did you get to know the project?
Among the respondents, 84.99% got to know the project via posters, 13.14% via other people, 0.8% via other channels, and none of the respondents does not know the project.
(2) What do you think the local environment quality?
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46.11% respondents think the local environment quality is relatively good and 23.32% think very good, meaning most respondents are satisfied with the current local environment quality.
(3) What kind of pollution do you think the local environment suffers from?
74.53% respondents think that the local environment suffers from air pollution, 28.69% think it is noise pollution, and 23.59% think it is surface water pollution, meaning a big proportion of the respondents think air pollution is a salient environment problem.
(4) Do you think whether or not the project after being built will cause the following environment problems?
67.02% respondents think the construction of the project will cause air pollution, 37.53% think it is noise pollution and 24.66% think it is water pollution, meaning most respondents are concerned with air pollution caused by the project.
(5) Do you think whether or not the project after being built will cause the following natural or social problems?
27.61% respondents think that the project construction will cause damage to the road
(or buildings), 24.66% think it is land occupation and 42.09% doesn’t know what natural or social problems that the project construction will cause.
(6) Do you think the construction of the project will cause what impacts to your life?
26.54% respondents are concerned about traffic congestion to be caused by the project construction, 24.66% are concerned about odor, and 37.53% doesn’t know what impacts the project construction process will bring about to their life.
(7) Do you think the site selection for the sludge disposal center is reasonable or not?
60.32% respondents think the site selection is reasonable, 12.06% think it needs adjusted to be reasonable. The result shows that most respondents think the site selection of the project is reasonable.
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(8) Do you think the project implementation could achieve both the social and environmental benefits or not?
67.83% respondents the project can achieve both the social and environmental benefits, meaning most respondents are positive about the social and environmental benefits that the project will bring about.
(9) Do you support the implementation of the project?
For the implementation of the project, 77.75% respondents expressed their support, 13.14% is with conditional support and 1.07% is against it. In general, most local people are supportive to the project.
As per the statistical analysis from the questionnaire, the main comments and suggestions from the public are summarized as follows:
① Start the construction as soon as possible, improve the work efficiency, reduce the construction period and the environmental impact during the construction period.
② During the construction, make reasonable construction schedule, reduce noise pollution to the life of the residents living in the periphery areas, properly handle the waste from the construction and take measures to reduce pollution from the construction dust.
③ Improve the construction environment and keep the road clean and tidy.
④ Hope all the environmental protection measure of the project are implemented properly, and the project is implemented as soon as possible so as to improve the regional environment quality.
5.3.3 Questionnaire Survey for the supplementary public consultation
With regards to the addition of a separated chapter of Environment and social Management Framework for the sludge component into the comprehensive EIA report, the task team conducted the supplementary round of public participation and
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consultation in early May 2014. As the specific site for the sludge disposal cannot be confirmed, nor can the affected persons, hence the task team distributed questionnaires to representative from sector experts, scholars, and communities representatives. The information of the respondents participating in the questionnaire survey, such as age, occupation and education level etc, could be referred in Table 5.3-5.
Table 5.3-5 Demographic Information Summary Table of the Survey Respondents Items Contents No. (persons) Proportion （%） Male 47 47.96% Sex Female 51 52.04% Under 20 2 2.04% 20-29 32 32.65% 30-39 32 32.65% Age 40-49 22 22.45% 50-59 6 6.12% Above 60 1 1.02% Not clear 3 3.06% Senior Middle School 7 7.14% Technical Secondary School 5 5.10% College 18 18.37% Education Bachelor 50 51.02% Level Master 13 13.27% Doctor 2 2.04% Not Clear 3 3.06% Guilin Urban Planning Institute 5 5.10% Tangshan District Transport Bureau 5 5.10% Guilin Urban Development Investment 2 2.04% Company Guilin Urban Lighting Management 2 2.04% Department Guilin Custom 5 5.10% Guangxi Normal University 2 2.04% Representative Guilin Polytechnic University 4 4.08% from different Guilin Electronic Science and 2 2.04% entities Technology University Guilin Party School 2 2.04% Guilin Urban Management Bureau 7 7.14% Guilin Public Investment Evaluation 4 4.08% Centre Guilin Daimyo Company 4 2.04% Not Clear 1 1.02% Other 55 56.12% Content of the survey questionnaires follow the same format/content of Table 5.3-3. In the survey, a total of 100 questionnaires were distributed for public participation and 98 copies were collected, with a response rate of 98%. The statistic result of the survey could be referred in Table 5.3-6.
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Table 5.3-6 Statistic Result of the Public Survey Survey Contents Response Choices 人数（人） 比例（%） Poster 20 20.41% Newspaper 6 6.12% 1. Through which channel, did you get TV 4 4.08% to know the project? From other people 45 45.92% Other channel 18 18.37% Not know 2 2.04% Very good 17 17.35% 2. What do you think the local Relatively good 37 37.76% environment quality? Average 35 35.71% Relatively bad 8 8.16% Very bad 1 1.02% Not know 0 0.0% Air 86 87.76% Surface water 34 34.69% 3. What kind of pollution do you think Ground water 23 23.47% the local environment suffers from? (multiple choices) Noise 48 48.98% Solid waste 41 41.84% Not Know 2 2.04% Air pollution 54 55.10% Water pollution 23 23.47% 4. Do you think whether or not the project after being built will cause the Solid waste pollution 24 24.49% following environment problems? Noise pollution 50 51.02% (multiple choices) Ecological damage 31 31.63% Not know 22 22.45% Land occupation 45 45.92% Historical relics 15 15.31% 5. Do you think whether or not the (landscape) damage project after being built will cause the rare animal/plants damage 30 30.61% following natural or social problems? Road(or building) damage 48 48.98% (multiple choices) Others 21 21.43% Not know 23 23.47% Odor 27 27.55% Traffic congestion 52 53.06% 6. Do you think the construction of the Residential (or farming) land 25 25.51% project will cause what impacts to your occupied life? (multiple choices) Employment (or income) affected 20 20.41% Others 14 14.29% Not know 31 31.63% Necessary 96 97.96% 7. Do you think the construction of the Not necessary 0 0.0% sludge disposal center is necessary? Not know 2 2.04% 8. Do you think the project Yes 50 51.02%
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implementation could achieve both the Possibly yes 45 45.92% social and environmental benefits or No 20 2.04% not? Not know 1 1.02% Yes 89 90.82% 9. Do you support the implementation Conditional yes 8 8.16% of the project? No 0 0.00% Not know 1 1.02%
Public views on the project are summarized as follows:
(1) Through which channel, did you get to know the project?
Among the respondents, 20.41% got to know the project via posters, 45.92% via other people, and 2.04% respondents does not know the project.
(2) What do you think the local environment quality?
37.76% respondents think the local environment quality is relatively good, 17.35% think very good, meaning most respondents are satisfied with the current local environment quality.
(3) What kind of pollution do you think the local environment suffers from?
87.76% respondents think that the local environment suffers from air pollution, 48.98% think it is noise pollution, and 34.69% think it is surface water pollution, meaning a big proportion of the respondents think air pollution are the salient environment problems.
(4) Do you think whether or not the project after being built will cause the following environment problems?
55.10% respondents think the construction of the project will cause air pollution, 51.02% think it is noise pollution, and 31.63% think it is ecological damage, meaning most respondents are concerned with air pollution and noise pollution caused by the project.
(5) Do you think whether or not the project after being built will cause the following natural or social problems?
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48.98% respondents think that the project construction will cause damage to the historical relics (landscape), 45.92% think it will caused land taking , and 30.61% think it is damage to the rare animal and/or plants.
(6) Do you think the construction of the project will cause what impacts to your life?
53.06% respondents are concerned about traffic jam to be caused by the project construction, 27.55 % respondents are concerned about odor caused by the project construction, and 31.63% did not know what type of impact to their life will be caused by the project construction..
(7) Do you think the construction of the sludge disposal center is necessary?
97.96% respondents think the construction of the sludge disposal center is necessary. (8) Do you think the project implementation could achieve both the social and environmental benefits or not? 51.02% respondents think the project can achieve both the social and environmental benefits, and 45.92% respondents think the project can likely achieve both the social and environmental benefits, meaning most respondents are positive about the social and environmental benefits that the project will bring about.
(9) Do you support the implementation of the project?
For the implementation of the project, 90.82% respondents expressed they don’t support it and 8.16% is with conditional support. In general, it means that most local people are support the implementation of the project.
As per the statistical analysis from the questionnaire, the main comments and suggestions from the public are summarized as follows:
① Pay attention to the protection of ground water, and adopt mitigation measures to control dust and noise during the construction.
② As the site selection of sludge disposal center is not confirmed, the future site selection must go through sufficient evaluation, and fully consulted with the resident nearby.
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3) Minimize the impacts on people of the city by well organizing and reducing the construction period.
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6 The Analysis of the Alternative Options
6.1 Purposes and Principles of Comparative Analysis
The purpose of the comparative analysis of alternative options is to make comparative
analysis of available plans or means, so that to optimize the project from
environmental perspectives and minimize the project impact on environment.
The general principles of the comparative analysis are:
(1) Quantitative principle: For each alternative, quantify the project impact on the
environment as much as possible;
(2) Comprehensive principle: Conduct the comparative analysis comprehensively
from environmental, technical, economic, social and other aspects.
(3) Compliance principle: The selected option shall comply with relevant
development plans and standards and be adaptable to local conditions.
6.2 Zero Option Analysis
Zero option means that this integrated environmental management project is not implemented. A comparative analysis on zero option is carried out from environmental gains and losses and the socio-economic perspectives, and the results are given in Table 6.2-1.
Table 6.2-1 Comparative Analysis of Zero Option Scenario
Category With Project Scenario No Project Scenario (zero option ) (1) Build urban water supply facilities, meet the water demand of urban development and ensure the water safety. (1) Maintain the status quo, i.e. not destroy (2) Improve wastewater treatment efficiency the vegetation, etc. and protect ecological environment of Guilin (2) Not change the value of the land use (no Major City. occupation of land, etc.) Advantages (3) Raise the wastewater collection efficiency (3) No vegetation damage, noise and other and reduce the energy consumption and environmental impacts in construction environmental impacts. period (4) Reduce the secondary pollution of sludge and improve the comprehensive utilization of Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 160
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resources. (1) In the existing WWTPs, the wastewater treatment facilities are old, low-efficient and with great energy consumption. The WWTPs are running by following the original low discharge standards. (2) The existing sludge disposal standard is low, the sludge has high moisture content (1) Occupy land. Major after treatment, the devices for sludge (2) Destroy vegetation, produce dust and noise Disadvantages composting are simple and low-efficient, during the construction period. and meanwhile, the composting plant has a great impact on the surrounding environment. (3) The existing wastewater pipes are aging with severe leaking problems and the backward drainage situation cannot be changed basically. Comprehensive From social and environmental points, implementing the project is better than zero option. Analysis
From Table 6.2-1, it can be seen that the zero option though will not increase environmental problems caused by project construction; however, the wastewater treatment facilities in the existing WWTPs are old, low-efficient and with large energy consumption, the discharge standard in these plants is low, the sludge disposal standard is low as well, the sludge has high water content after treatment, the devices for sludge composting are simple and low-efficient; although the implementation of the project will bring certain environmental impacts, but among these impacts, except the permanent occupation of land is irreversible, the other impacts can be avoided or mitigated through taking corresponding environmental protection measures. The implementation of the project not only can improve the appearance of all districts of Guilin City, guarantee people’s physical health, protect the green hills and clear waters in Lijing River basin, promote the integrated pollution control of Lijiang River system and guard the ecological safety, but also can improve the investment environment of Guilin City, facilitate the fast social and economic development of both rural and urban areas of the city, and will demonstrate good social, environmental and economic benefits. Therefore, from the perspectives of promoting socio-economic development and protecting environment, implementing the project is better than zero schemes and the project construction is necessary.
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6.3 The Analysis of the Alternative Options of Water Supply
Component
The comparison for the water supply component is on the selection of the disinfectants for the boosting pumping stations. The commonly used disinfectants include liquid chlorine, bleaching powder and chlorine dioxide. The comparison of two disinfectants, i.e. liquid chlorine and chlorine dioxide, is given in Table 6.3-1.
Table 6.3-1 Comparison of Two Disinfectants: Liquid Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide
Type Liquid chlorine Chlorine dioxide 1. Has sustained disinfection effect 1. Good disinfection effect. as that of residual chlorine. 2. No secondary pollution during the 2. Low price of raw materials and disinfection process. Advantages less operating costs. 3. Small footprint, fully automatically 3. Simple operation and accurate running, safe and reliable. dosage. 4. No need of giant plant 1. Chlorine is toxic and attention to 1. Chlorine dioxide is harmful to human safety must be paid when using. bodies, but it is produced online and 2. Absorption device for leaking once it is leaking, the system will stop Disadvantages chlorine gas is needed. running automatically. 3. Produce disinfection by-products 2. Sodium chlorate needs to be kept in and cause secondary pollution. dark places with good ventilation. Because Guilin Water Supply Company has many years of experiences in using Comprehensive liquid chlorine as disinfectant, it is suggested to use liquid chlorine as Analysis disinfectant for the pumping stations.
6.4 Analysis of the Alternative Options of the Drainage Component
6.4.1 Comparative Selection of the Advanced Treatment Processes in the WWTPs
1. An Overview of the Major Advanced Treatment Processes
Due to the complexity of the wastewater composition and the discharge requirement of Grade I Level A, advanced treatment processes are vastly different. In the process of advanced treatment, a single treatment process is normally difficult to fully achieve the Grade I Level A discharge standard; therefore, a reasonable combination of several wastewater treatment techniques is needed, and this combination is related with the Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 162
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mutual compatibility of each treatment unit and economic feasibility. Based on the actual situation of the WWTPs of the project, the effluent quality of all plants meets the Grade I Level B standard; judging by the Grade I Level A standard, except the ammonia N in Shangyao Phase II and Qilidian Phase I exceeds the limit far, BOD, SS and TP exceed the limit slightly, so simple physical methods to remove the pollutants that exceed the limit are suitable.
① Basic Advanced Treatment Processes
Process 1: Secondary effluent + direct filtration + disinfection
Process 2: Secondary effluent + coagulation/sedimentation + filtration + disinfection
Process 3: Secondary effluent + coagulant sedimentation + filtration + activated C adsorption + disinfection
The processes above are commonly used in urban wastewater advanced treatment process at present and in the actual operation, they can be adjusted according to the effluent quality of the secondary treatment process.
Process 1 is traditional, simple and practical, suitable for industrial cooling water, road sprinkling, greening, landscaping, firefighting and water replenishment of lakes and rivers, miscellaneous water, such as toilet flushing and unlimited agricultural water. It is a common advanced treatment process suitable for wide range of water quality, low cost, safe and practical.
Process 2 has added sedimentation unit on the basis of Process 1, the coagulation sedimentation could remove the colloidal substances, some heavy metals and organic pollutants (N, P, etc.) that are not taken away by the secondary biological treatment system, so as to ensure the filtration effect and prolong the filtration cycle, and therefore, it has a better effluent quality and more stable effect and is widely suitable.
Process 3 has added activated Carbon adsorption on the basis of Process 2 and it has an obvious removal effect for insignificant amount of organic pollutants, tiny amount of metal ions, chromaticity color, virus and other toxic pollutants.
3. Selection of the Advanced Treatment Processes
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Process 1 and 2 are basic advanced treatment processes, which are currently most suitable processes. Option III of the advance treatment processes is achieved only by adding the settling process on the basis of Option II. Flocculation is the actions of the compression and absorption effects of electric double layer of colloid, electric neutralization adsorption bridging, grid trapping of settling and a series of other actions to form floccules. Settling is the separation of floccules from water so that suspended solids, phosphorous and nitrogenous pollutants enclosed in the floccules can be removed.
Other high-level advanced treatment processes are more advanced and reliable in terms of technology; nonetheless, from the analysis of the inlet quality of the WWTPs and the economic rationality, they are not appropriate for the project.
As such, a comparison is made as following between: coagulation – sedimentation – filtration and direct filtration processes so as to define the advanced wastewater treatment process to be suggested for the project.
(1) Common Points
① Both of them are conventional treatment processes and their purposes and principles of pollutant removal are basically same. Both are not within the scope of the biological treatment, and both are through removal of suspended substances (SS) in the wastewater to remove some organic pollutants carried by SS. The removal efficiency of these conventional treatment processes is 70~80% for turbidity of raw water and SS normally, 60% for BOD5 and TP, 30~40% for COD and around 10% for TN and NH3-N.
②As part of the wastewater treatment, the operation of both processes needs to be coordinated with the secondary treatment of wastewater in order to ensure the quality of effluent meeting the standard.
(2) Differences
The different points of the two processes above are listed in Table 6.4-1 as follows
Table 6.4-1 Comparison Table of the Advanced Treatment Processes
Coagulation – Sedimentation – Filtration Direct Filtration Process Process 1. More structures, complicated operation and 1. Less structures, simpler operation and less land Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 164
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management. occupation 2. With sedimentation tank. 2. Without sedimentation tank. 3. After sedimentation, the filtration load of 3. Wastewater is filtrated directly, high filtration the wastewater is relatively low. load. 4. Chemical dephosphorylation is needed. 4. Chemical dephosphorylation is needed. 5. Larger land occupation 5. Smaller land occupation Given the significance of the Lijiang water bodies, the advanced wastewater treatment process of the project shall select the coagulation – sedimentation – filtration process. In view of the land use within the plant, the WWTPs, located in downtown area of the city, have limited land, the process with small land occupation and fewer structures shall be appropriate. Because of the limited land in the plant, Beichong WWTP, Shangyao WWTP Phase I and II and Qilidian WWTP Phase I shall adopt direct filtration process. The land for the upgrading of Yanshan WWTP is abundant, while its main process is CASS with no sedimentation tanks, so the coagulation – sedimentation – filtration process shall be used to ensure the result of chemical dephosphorylation to reach the Grade I Level A standard.
6.4.2 Comparison and Selection of Chemical Dephosphorylation Processes
According to the biological dephosphorylation principles and operational experiences of WWTPs, the secondary biological treatment process itself can remove 1.5～ 2.0mg/L of phosphorous under the normal operation of the WWTPs, and to enable the phosphate (measured by P) in effluent of the WWTP to reach the Grade I Level A discharge standard (＜0.5mg/L) steadily, chemical dephosphorylation must be used as an assistance. Therefore, the project intends to increase chemical dephosphorylation facilities and meanwhile, based on the effluent quality to decide the dosing method of chemicals to ensure the TP in effluent meeting the standard steadily.
Based on the process description of Chapter 2, and as the existing WWTPs of Guilin city do not have primary sedimentation tanks, except Yanshan, all WWTPs have secondary sedimentation tank, in order to reduce the impact of iron salt and Aluminum Chlorohydrate to organism, post dosing should be selected so as to use the secondary sedimentation tank to do solid-liquid separation and discharge with sludge. For Yanshan WWTP, the CASS process is used, so it is appropriate to build new coagulation and sedimentation facilities and use post dosing to remove phosphorus.
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6.4.3 Selection of Chemical Agents for Phosphorus Removal
Three mineral salts could be used to remove phosphorous: calcium salt, iron salt and
aluminum salt. The commonly used salts are: limestone （Ca（OH）2）, aluminum
sulphate（Al2（SO4）3·18H2O）, basic aluminum chloride (AlCl3）, sodium aluminates
（NaAlO2）, iron trichloride（FeCl3）, iron sulfate（Fe2（SO4）3）, ferrous sulfate
（FeSO4）and ferrous chloride（FeCl2）
Table 6.4-2 is a list of some precipitates formed during chemical phosphorous removal process.
Table 6.4-2 Precipitates Formed During Precipitation Process of Phosphate Phosphate precipitant Possibly formed precipitates Various calcium phosphates, such as, β- Tricalcium phosphate, Bivalent calcium Ca2+ hydroxyapatite, dicalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate Bivalent iron Fe2+ Ferrous phosphate, ferric phosphate, ferrous hydroxide and ferric hydroxide Trivalent iron Fe3+ Ferric phosphate and ferric hydroxide Trivalent aluminum Aluminum phosphate and aluminum hydroxide Al3+ When using aluminum salt or iron salt to remove phosphorous, it mainly produces insoluble aluminum phosphate or iron phosphate, and the dosage of it is directly proportional to the TP amount. If using ferrous salt, then it needs to be oxidized to iron salt in order to achieve the maximum phosphorus removal effect. It is normally therefore not used as post-dosing polymer, but dosed into the aeration grit chamber. When using limestone to remove phosphorus, the solubility of the sedimentation produced is related to the PH value, the amount of limestone needed is therefore subject to the alkalinity of the wastewater, not the phosphorus content. Limestone, if used as polymer, cannot be used in synchronous dosing phosphorous removal process. If it is used in pre(tan)-dosing phosphorous removal, then the PH value of the effluent is high, then the PH value needs to be adjusted before the bio-treatment; if used in post-dosing, then the PH value of the effluent must be adjusted in order to meet the discharge requirement. As the pH value needs to be adjusted over and over again, it may become difficult for the operation of the WWTPs with big treatment volume, limestone is therefore not recommended. And based on the analysis above, after the sludge is composted and used in soil, both aluminum salt and iron salt polymer could affect the soil structure and fertility, the iron salt polymer in particular has a bigger impact; aluminum salt is therefore more commonly used. The widely used aluminum
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salts are aluminum sulphate (white alum) and basic aluminum chloride (PAC). In this project, basic aluminum chloride (PAC) is recommended as the chemical agent for phosphorus removal.
6.4.4 Comparison of Deodorization Options for WWTPs
The current deodorization methods available can be dilution, burning, absorption, chemical absorption, oxidation, nebulization, bio-treatment, and liquid atomization etc. In terms of application and technical performance, the above methods have their own characteristics:
Table 6.4-3 Comparison of Deodorization Options
Deodoriz Chemical Reactive oxygen ation Biological filter Liquid Nebulization absorption ionization processes
Through spraying of Using acid-base deodorization Spraying natural plant neutralization Using high voltage pulse microorganisms to oxidize extracts into the air evenly principle and can discharge to produce a and decompose
to adsorb irregular eliminate odor to a great number of O - and multicomponent mixed 2 molecules in the air and great extent. Making O + aggregates, which rising odor, high 2 react with smelly molecules use of chemical media have extremely strong deodorization efficiency; through decomposition, that can absorb or oxidizing power and will decompose N-free organic polymerization, react with odor and have collision reaction matter into CO , 2 replacement, etc. to remove through dissolution, with smelly molecules, ammoniate and oxidize the odor, and the final filtration or and so that to achieve the nitrogenous substances products of these reactions Technical summary neutralization purpose of into NH -N, NO2- and 3 are water, oxygen, nitrogen, principles to remove deodorization. NO3- , and convert etc. waste gas. S-containing substances 2- into elemental S or SO4 . Short reaction time Active oxygen ions have with odor molecules To ensure a thorough extremely strong and faster air flow treatment of the smelly gas oxidizing power and the rate, therefore, has a by microorganisms, the process has a smaller smaller footprint, speed of the odor passing The devices occupy only a footprint, about 1/10 of about 1/5 of the through the biological very small space. the footprint of the footprint of the filter is slow, and Footprint biological treatment biological treatment therefore, the footprint of process with same process with same the process is larger. treatment scale. treatment scale. Isolated air Isolated air interchanger is Isolated air interchanger Isolated air interchanger is interchanger is not necessary, good is needed, good needed, good needed, good deodorization effect on deodorization effect on deodorization effect on deodorization effect moderate- and smelly gas with high-concentration smelly on high-concentration low-concentration smelly moderate concentration. gas.
performance smelly gas. gas. Deodorization
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The odor gas flows The odor gas flows through
inside the device body the filter layer with a big
with a small pressure pressure loss, the power of Need to use N OH, Need continuous a loss, the power of the the entire set of the H SO and other consumption of the natural 2 4 entire set of the equipment is big, regular chemicals, high plant extracts, high equipment is small, and addition of nutrients or operating costs. operating costs as well. the operating costs are replacement of bacteria
Operating costs around 1/5 of that of the strains are necessary, high biological process. operating costs. High degree of Must maintain the
self-control, easy to temperature and humidity operate and manage. for growth of High degree of But need to construct microorganisms and supply self-control, only acid and alkali storage oxygen to ensure the Needs power and consume electricity tanks and warehouses microorganisms to degrade chemicals, low energy, no need of filler management that belong to organic matter under good requirements for outside and chemicals, low dangerous goods oxygen conditions. High environment, simple requirement for outside warehouse category requirements for operating management. environment and simple that have high personals, filler, chemicals management. firefighting and and power are needed, and
Operation and explosion-proof the management is
requirements. relatively complicated.
Continuous or Continuous or Continuous or intermittent No intermittent operation
intermittent operation intermittent operation operation
Continuity of operation
No additional civil works
Relative high Relative high are needed and low Relative low
construction costs
n costs Constructio
Relatively widely Widely used in abroad and Relatively widely used Widely used
used initially used in China
degree Applied
From the table above, it can be seen that the chemical absorption, activated oxygen ionization and bio-filters options have their pros and cons. As the chemical absorption needs raw material of sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, special warehouse for hazard material shall be built with high requirements for fire explosive prevention. This is not suitable for the existing plant; bio-filtration bed needs larger footprint and the operation is more difficult with higher capital investment and operation costs. Liquid nebulization and activated oxygen ionization are suitable for medium and low level odor and they can avoid the bottlenecks mentioned above; nonetheless, liquid nebulization method may need periodical purchase of the liquid but it has only a single source of supplier. This is not good for the plant operation. Therefore, in summary, the activated oxygen ionization method of deodorant is proposed for this project. Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 168
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6.5 Comparative Analysis of Sludge Disposal Options
Five sludge disposal options were compared, including: direct land application; dewatering + landfill; incineration; use as construction material; composting + land application. Pros and cons of these five options were compared in below: -
Table 6.5-1 Comparison of five different sludge disposal option Items Pros Cons No reduction in volume or weight High transportation cost, and may leads to direct land Low disposal cost secondary pollution during transportation application Organic matter in sludge can be reused Low effect in fertilizing, odor issue, and unstable physical properties No reuse of organic mater in sludge dewatering + Relatively low disposal cost Occupy the space of landfill, generate landfill Reduce 60% volume and 50% weight leachate, limited space of landfill in Guilin High CAPEX and OPEX incineration Reduce 95% volume and 98% weight Consume huge amount of fuel, generate air pollution and fly ash also require landfill reuse as construction Full utilization of sludge No commercial application in Guilin material Need to select a site to build Relatively low disposal cost Odor issues composting + Reduce 80% volume and 70% weight Heavy metal in treated sludge may land Organic matter in sludge can be reused accumulate in land after long time apply application Mature commercial application and If the sale of treated sludge as fertilizer is fertilizer market in Guilin not good, the pile stock need to be landfill Based on the above comparison, the composting + land application is considered as a main disposal approach given the current situation in Guilin, with consideration of incineration as future options and landfill disposal as an emergency backup option.
The sludge of the WWTPs has very strong fluidity because its water content is high. This is determined by the feature of the sludge itself. The analysis indicates that the water molecules in the sludge present in various forms:
① Free state water: could be removed by gravity sedimentation and mechanical function. The process of removing fee state water is called dehydration or dewatering.
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② Physically combined water: demand more energy to remove (e.g. heating), including capillary/pore angle water, colloidal/surface absorbing water. This process is called drying.
③ Chemically combined water: can only be removed by breaking the chemical bond, called “equilibrium water”, including water in the cell, molecular water. This process is called stabilization.
Based on the actual situation of Guilin City, and the potential sludge disposal routes, after sorting and selected, the sludge disposal routes could be as follows:
Route 1: sludge from WWTPs with 80% water content→composting in the Solid Waste Disposal Center→being used for forestry.
Route 2: sludge from WWTPs with 80% water content→drying in the Solid Waste Disposal Center to +40% water content→meeting the access standard for landfills, sanitary landfilled nearby (in the future, can be incinerated as well)
Route 3: In-depth dewatering in the WWTP to 60% water content→composting in the Solid Waste Disposal Center→being used for forestry.
Route 4: In-depth dewatering and solar drying in the WWTP to 40% water content (i.e. scattered drying) →landfill or incineration.
As per the situation of Guilin and the sludge plan, a combination of the routes above will be applied for the sludge disposal. In the mid and short run, routes 3 and 4 will be the main pathway, supplemented with other routes. The following section analyzes the specific methods and means from the environment perspective.
6.5.1 Comparative Analysis of Centralized and Dispersed Disposal
Be dewatered in the WWTPs to 80% water content, then after the upgrading of the in-depth dewatering facilities, reduce to 60% water content, then the following options are possible:
1. Scattered Disposal: further solar drying, then directly be used in the soil/landfill; 2. Centralized Disposal: Directly be transported to the sludge disposal center for composting and partially for the pilot drying test Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 170
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Table 6.5-2 A Technical and Economic Comparison between Centralized and
Dispersed Disposal Items Dispersed Disposal Centralized Disposal 1. Greatly reduce the sludge volume for transportation, Small investment in construction, a small 2. Save transportation cost, Advantages number of management personals is 3. As the wet sludge volume is greatly needed. reduced, it reduces the on-route environment pollution risks. 1. It takes space in WWTP to accommodate the solar drying facility, 1. Wet sludge needs to be transported and and need to keep certain buffer distance there are environmental pollution risks; Disadvantages to nearby resident due to odor issues. 2. Increase the transportation costs A slightly higher construction 3. Difficult for site selection, need big area investment, more management and sufficient sanitary protection distance. personals are needed Conclusions Not recommended Recommended
6.5.2 Comparative Selection of Sludge Composting Methods
Composting can be normally classified as aerobic and anaerobic types. Aerobic composting is the process of organic degradation under the presence of oxygen. The metabolic products mainly include carbon dioxide, water and heat. The anaerobic composting is the organic degradation without oxygen and the metabolic products are methane, carbon dioxide and some intermediate products like organic acids. Compared with the aerobic composting, the organic degradation of unit mass in the anaerobic composting process releases less energy, but easily generates more odor. Because of these reasons, almost all composting systems adopt aerobic composting process.
6.5.2.1 Comparative Selection of Sludge Composting Processes
With the development of science and technology, the theoretical research and application of composting technology is well developed. Currently, the commonly used composting processes mainly include: windrow composting, fermentation tank composting, silo composting and in-vessel composting. A brief introduction is given below to the typical composting processes.
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Process I: Windrow Composting
Windrow composting is of open-air fermentation. The mixed raw material is windrowed with the cross-section either trapezoid or triangle. It is common seen aerobic fermentation method. If the windrow is too large, the anaerobic zone will form in the center of stack and odor may produce when the material is upended; if the windrow is too small, heat will dissipate quickly and pathogens and weed seeds may not be killed. This process may be classified as static or dynamic type based on whether the mechanical turning device is used or not.
As the working condition of the process is very poor, it is not proposed for the new projects any more.
Process II: Fermentation Tank (Pool) Composting
Fermentation tank composting changes the open-air composting method which is adopted by windrow composting. Fermentation tanks are located in the workshop or tunnel. Based on the difference of the structure, it can be classified as sun roof fermentation tank and tunnel fermentation tank.
1）Sun shed fermentation tanks
Fermentation tanks are located in the sunshine shed. By utilizing the performance of transparence and heat insulation, fermentation can proceed in the winter. The sizes of fermentation tanks is decided by the quantity of material and the type of turning machine. Commonly used equipment may include: agitating type turning machine, chain plate turning machine, dual screw turning machine or milling disc turning machine, etc. The material is agitated by turning machine which drives the material forward. Typically every 1-2 days, the material needs to be upended once. At the bottom of the fermentation tanks, ventilation pipes are installed. With forced mechanical ventilation, oxygen is supplied for the fermentation process. The fermented material may reach the temperature 45℃ after being fed to the tank. It is required that the temperature above 55℃ shall last for around 7 days in 12-15 days of fermentation period and volatile organic material shall be decomposed above 50%. Then the fermented material will be transported to maturing zone for the secondary fermentation. The remaining organic material will be further decomposed, dried and
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stabilized.
2）Tunnel Fermentation Tanks
Tunnel kiln type fermentation includes several rows of tunnel compartments. The front side is furnished with sealing gate while rear side is fan house. The feeding system of sludge fermentation may include two types of sludge distributor and sludge loader. Material discharge is done by loader. After material feeding is done, the sealing gate will be closed. Sludge fermentation process is monitored by sensors in the compartments. Computer will adjust the parameters by controlling the operation of fans as to supply sufficient oxygen and maintain the optimized fermentation condition. Ventilation system supplies air from the bottom of fermentation compartments. Exhausting air will be collected and treated at the top of the compartment. The exhausting air treatment facilities will utilize the waste heats via heat exchanger as to heat air for fermentation or pretreatment for increasing the temperature (can also be used for domestic heat supply). The whole ventilation system is operated in a closed air circuit. Finally, the exhaust air will be discharged to biofilter by draft fans for filtration as to achieve the safe and standard compliant emission.
The tunnel kiln type static fermentation adopts multi-location, multi-type monitoring points. This will effective indicate the global fermentation status. The computer may process the data timely and adjust the process to achieve optimization. The tunnel kiln type static fermentation process has features of high mechanization, low footprint and good working condition. The process is less impacted by the climate thus the fermentation quality is controllable. The process may reduce the energy consumption and maintenance due to mechanical turning. Hence the operation costs can be reduced. The process is applicable to large scale industrialized composting.
3）Silo Composting Processes
In 1933, Dano process was established for composting in Denmark. This is aerobic fermentation process by utilizing rotating silo.
The fermentation silo with diameter 2.5-4.5m and length 20-40m is horizontally tilted with forced air supply. Inside the silo, the waste is uplifted by the friction between the inner surface of the silo and the waste then it drops by gravity. With such repeated Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 173
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uplifting and dropping, the waste will be turned evenly as to be contacted with air and fermentation can be achieved by the actions of microorganisms. After 5-7 days of fermentation, the material will be discharged from silo and then windrowed for maturing. The characteristic of this process lies in its short fermentation cycle, normally only 5-7d needed to reach a status of sludge stabilization, hazard-free treatment and waste recycling while it needs 15-30 days for the static forced fermentation process to complete. The process may achieve low capital and operation costs with well-developed technology and convenient operation management. The investment of windrow process is low but the environment of the process operation is poor. While the fermentation tank process may improve the operation condition significantly with enclosed fermentation compartments and deodorization facilities. The fermentation tank composting process can be managed by computer via temperature control and turning control. Hence, such composting technology will be the development direction for future. The increase in investment is limited. Therefore, due to the advanced technology, fermentation tank composting process is proposed by this report.
6.5.2.2 Comparison of Sludge Drying Processes
Basically, all drying treatments of sludge are thermal drying, only with different drying equipment, and they are normally divided into traditional thermal drying and solar drying.
The traditional thermal sludge drying refers to the use of integrated thermal sludge drying equipment to achieve drying purpose. According to the contact manners of thermal medium and sludge, the drying equipment is divided into direct drying, indirect drying and direct-indirect combination drying types. Conventional thermal drying methods, no matter which one is used, all need additional heat sources and expensive equipment, and the running costs are relative high.
The solar sludge drying is using solar energy as the main energy source to conduct sludge drying. Taking advantages of the conventional greenhouse drying method and combining the developmental of modern automation technology, the process applies the solar energy in sludge disposal, aiming at making the solar energy, a clean energy,
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the key energy source of sludge drying.
Comparing with conventional thermal drying method, the solar sludge drying technology has the following advantages:
① Lower energy consumption and low operating and management costs (in case of no deodorization system, the power consumption for evaporation of 1t of water is only 25～30kWh, and that of the traditional thermal drying method is 800～ 1060kWh); And Use renewable energy, more sustainable;
② After treatment, the sludge volume can be reduced by 3~5 times, the sludge is stabilized but still remains its original agricultural reuse value (cryogenic temperature drying);
③ The operation of the system is stable and safe with low temperature and the amount of dust produced is small;
④ Simple operation and maintenance, and long service life;
The major disadvantages are:
① Large footprint, the WWTP needs to have sufficient space available;
② The treatment results are constrained by weather and seasonal conditions;
③ Operating under closed air environment (in-vessel operation)
④ In most cases, deodorization equipment is needed.
Therefore, the project is proposed to use low-price and low-cost solar drying process.
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7 Environment Management and Monitoring Plan
Since the conference of the UN on environment and development, environmental management issues have drawn more and more attention from various countries. Strengthening environment management has become the trend of the current world. The implementation of the environment management and monitoring plan provides an evaluation procedure for those activities that may incur environmental problems; provides technical, methodological and resource guarantee for preventing environmental pollution; provides timely correction to the deviations in the management work so as to make it more effective and to the point, and achieve the objectives of pollution prevention and environmental protection.
Environment management and monitoring is a vital link in enterprise management. To establish and perfect environmental protection institutes, strengthen the environmental protection, conduct in plant environmental monitoring and supervision and integrate them into the production and management of the enterprise play an important role in reducing industrial pollutant discharge, promoting the reasonable use and recycle of the resources, and improving the economic and environmental benefits.
7.1 Environmental Management Plan
7.1.1 The Purpose of Environmental Management Plan
As per the administration authority stipulated in the “Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” and the “Management Regulations for Environmental Protection for Construction Projects”, the EIA report of this Project is reviewed and approved by Guilin Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB). Guilin Municipal EPB is the environmental management institute for this Project. Its main functions are to put forward requirement on environmental protection as the EIA report, to coordinate the environmental management between all the agencies concerned, and organize the “Three Simultaneous” check and acceptance work on environmental protection facilities. Under the overall administrative management institutional framework, the project management office of the World Bank funded is managing the implementation of the whole project, under the leadership of Guilin Municipal Government, and the project clients are responsible for the implementation
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of each specific activity. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the project environmental management action, a certain number of full time or part time professional environmental management staff will be manned in the PMO, project clients, contractors and operating agencies to be in charge of the implementation of the EMP.
The purpose of the EMP is to provide correspondent mitigation measures for all the potential environmental impacts identified in the EIA, adverse impacts in particular; propose the environmental management system to ensure the implementation of these measures; make sure the roles and responsibilities of the concerned parties in the project; put forward the training plan; strengthen the capacity for implementation of this EMP; and provide environmental monitoring plan for evaluating the implementation results.
7.1.2 The Environmental Management Institutes and Responsibilities
For the details, see the separate document, the “Environment Management Plan” (EMP).
7.2 Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures
The project is composed of water supply network component, WWTP, pumping stations and drainage network component, sludge disposal component. Based on the national and provincial laws and regulations, and the World Bank policies in “General Guidance on Environment, Health and Safety”, “Environment, Health and Safety Guidance of Water Supply and Drainage” and “Environment, Health and Safety Guidance of Solid Waste Management”, the strategies and mitigation measures are put forward for the preparation stage, construction stage and operation stage of various types of components. For the details, see the separate document, the “Environment Management Plan” (EMP).
7.3 Environment Monitoring Plan
7.3.1 The Purpose for Environment Monitoring
Environmental monitoring covers two periods: construction period and operation period. The purpose is to provide scientific basis for understanding the pollution
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dynamics of the proposed project in a complete and timely manner; understanding the variation degree of the environmental quality and the impact scope of the proposed project on the areas where the project is located, and the environmental quality dynamics in the operation stage; and providing timely feedback information to the authorities in charge, and for the environment management.
7.3.2 Environment Monitoring Agencies
The environment monitoring of construction and operation periods is undertaken by the environmental monitoring stations requested by the project contractors or operators from the prefecture/municipality where they are located. The undertaking agencies should hold the national qualification certificate for environmental monitoring with complete equipment, rich technical strength to fulfill the environmental monitoring tasks.
Based on the projection result of the monitoring, the relatively more evident and sensitive points would be defined as the monitoring points to track and monitor the pollution status during the project construction and operation periods. The monitoring contents selected should be those of noise, air environment and surface water that have severe impacts to the environment. The monitoring indicators should be defined as per the engineering pollution features. The methodology adopted for different projects should be the correspondent monitoring and analysis methods prescribed in the “Technical Specification for Environmental Monitoring Technology” issued by the State Environment Protection Department. The evaluation criteria should be the national standard confirmed in the EIA of each component of the Project.
7.3.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan and Budget
For the details of the monitoring plan and budget for each component during construction and operation periods, please refer to the separate document, the EMP.
7.4 Environment Management Training Plan
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7.4.1 The Purpose for Environment Management Capacity Training
Environmental capacity building/training is one part for the technical support to the project. The major targets of the environmental capacity building are environmental managers and supervisors. In order to ensure the smooth and effective implementation of the environment management, training on EMP and relevant knowledge and skills should be provided to the staff of the stakeholder agencies, i.e. project clients/implementation agencies, operation agencies, contractors, construction supervision companies, local PMOs, and EPBs. Training should be done as well targeting at different positions and roles.
7.4.2 Training Plan and Contents
The environmental protection (EP) training of the project covers training for the contractors and their EP staff, group leaders, construction supervision engineers on the construction site, and staff of the clients, operation agencies and their environmental management staff. For the details, see the separate document, the “Environment Management Plan” (EMP).
7.5 The Reporting Mechanism for the EMP
The contractors, operators, monitoring agencies, environmental supervision engineers, and the PMOs should keep a record of the project progress status, the implementation status of the EMP, and the monitoring results of the environmental quality etc and report them to the agencies concerned in time in order to ensure the relevant requirement and measures in the EMP to be implemented, and find, analyze and learn from the problems, so as to control the unfavorable environment impacts in the following work of the project.
For the operation situation of the water supply and drainage network, wastewater pumping stations and WWTPs and the sludge disposal status involved in the linked projects and due diligence, the monitoring record should also be collected and sorted out in a regular basis, and the concerning requirement should be integrated into the monitoring plan. It mainly covers the following six tasks Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 179
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（ 1 ） The project environmental engineer shall keep a detail record on the implementation of the EMP, and submit the weekly and monthly reports to the project clients and the municipal PMO in time. The weekly and monthly reports should include information on the implementation situation of the environmental protection measures, the implementation situation of the environmental monitoring and the monitoring data.
（2）The contractors and operators shall keep a record on the project progress status and the implementation status of the EMP on a quarterly basis; and submit the quarterly report to the PMO in time; and at the same time, have the municipal EPB copied on.
（3）The monitoring agency when completing the entrusted monitoring task shall in time submit the monitoring report to the contractors (operators) and the environmental supervision engineers.
（4）The contractors and operators shall in time submit the project environment monitoring report to Guilin Municipal EPB and Guilin Municipal PMO. Guilin PMO shall in time submit the monthly, quarterly and annual reports of the implementation of the project EMP to Guilin Municipal EPB and the agencies concerned, and submit them to the World Bank if deemed necessary.
（5）In case of any non-compliance in environmental protection occurred, the environmental supervision engineer and the PMO shall notify the local environmental protection authorities, and if deemed necessary, report to the higher level agencies.
（6）A semi-annual report on the implementation of the EMP shall be furnished to the World Bank, which could cover the following main contents:
a. the implementation status of the training plan;
b. project progress status, such as the river alignment engineering, road surface engineering, the length completed for the network laying etc;
c. the execution status of the project environment protection measures, the status of the environmental monitoring and the main outcomes from the monitoring;
d. In case there is a public complaint, the main contents of the complaint,
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solution to the complaint and the public satisfactory level should be recorded;
e. the implementation plan of the EMP for the next half year.
The project clients shall request the project contractors, supervisors and environmental monitoring agencies to report in time to the project clients and the local EPBs on any environment pollution incident actually occurred in the project implementation stage and its correction situation as well. Under normal circumstance, the construction supervisor must reflect the actual situation of the EMP in the monthly construction supervision report; moreover, the environmental supervision engineers of the project clients and the supervision agencies must develop a periodical report on the execution of the EMP and submit it to the environment protection authorities, and then submit the report to the World Bank via the PMO.
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8 Environmental and Social Management Framework of Sludge
Disposal Component
The proposed component is to develop sludge treatment facilities for sludge from Guilin’s wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with capacity of 130t/d and a pilot solar drying of 20t/d. According to the feasibility study, the sludge treatment process is described in Section 2.2.3 and its environmental impacts are analyzed in Section 4.2.2. Since the location for this component cannot be decided before appraisal, according to requirements of the World Bank, an environmental and social management framework(ESMF) has been developed to normalize the management of the project environmental impact in the future, to ensure that the Component as well as the Project is in compliance with the China environmental laws and regulations and the World Bank environmental safeguard policies.
8.1 Site selection Criteria
The Component shall be so located that,
1) it is not in any special protection areas established by a national government regulation and plan or otherwise approved by a local government at or above the county level, such as protection areas for drinking water source, nature reserves, scenic areas and resorts, protected areas for ecological function, core farmland protection areas, critical erosion prevention and control areas, forest parks, geological parks, World Heritage sites, areas of key cultural relics and heritage sites; 2) it complies with the “Guilin Urban Master Plan (2010-2020)” (the Outline), the “Guilin Land Use Planning (2006-2020)”, the “Master Plan of Lijiang Scenic Area (2006 - 2025)” and other relevant, planning, plans and programs; 3) it is not inside any dry areas with serious water scarcity, or any habitats of rare plant, animal and aquatic species, or areas of fish spawning grounds, important wetland, or natural fishing grounds; 4) it is not in any densely populated areas, areas of cultural and educational institutions and facilities, residential and office areas, health resorts, hospitals and other areas of the kind; A buffer distance of 500m around the site was proposed by the EA (section 4.2.2). In principle, it should be as far away from the above mentioned sensitive sites as possible. 5) It would better be close to municipal infrastructures such as water supply, storm drainage, sewers and wastewater utilities; 6) It will not locate in the area that local communities might express their disagreements. Public consultation exercise should follow the requirements of Chapter 8.3. Relevant land acquisition exercise should follow the requirements of the Resettlement Policy Framework prepared for the project.
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8.2 EIA Preparation
After the site is located, it is necessary to carry out EA process and prepare the EIA. According to the domestic regulatory requirements, the PMO will be responsible for hiring an EA consultant and prepare relevant materials according to the environmental protection bureaus’ requirements, and be responsible for carrying out the domestic review and approval process. At the same time, the EIA needs to satisfy the World Bank environmental policies and requirements, and the draft EIA will be submitted to the Bank for review and clearance.
According to the regulations of EA classification in China, it is very likely that a full EA is required for a sludge disposal project, similar to that of a Category A in the World Bank. And the Project is a category A World Bank project.
EIA Preparation:
Both the World Bank safeguard polices and relevant domestic laws and regulatory requirements shall be complied with. More specifically, it should follow the requirements of the consolidated EIA as well as its Terms of Reference of the overall EA. Provisions shall be made to ensure that the domestic EIA report and the EA reports submitted to the World Bank are consistent in terms of the environmental impact analysis and assessment, mitigation measures, monitoring requirements and other main aspects.
“Environmental Management Plan”(EMP):
Mitigation measures as well as appropriate monitoring plans for the sludge disposal (composting and drying) facilities during the construction and operation period have been already included in the EMP of the Project. Once the site is determined, it is necessary to review and update the EMP and particularly the monitoring plans according to the actual situation, and the changes to the EMP can be made in the form of a supplementary note.
The final draft EIA of the sludge component and the supplementary EMP note shall be submitted to the Bank in both Chinese and English.
8.3 Public Consultation
According to the World Bank safeguards policy, information disclosure and subsequent public consultation should be carried out twice during the EIA the preparation process. As one of the sub-projects, the Sludge Disposal Component is no exception for the EIA preparation.
Information Disclosure Requirements:
Information on the project profile and the major environmental issues should be provided to the people that are to be affected by the Component in the first round, while in the second round, the draft EIA should be provided to and public opinions should be solicited with respect to the main findings of the EIA and proposed mitigation measures. All of the EIA
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report should be disclosed in the local public places (bulletin boards), local media (newspapers, radio, television and website services etc.) to inform people the time and places of the disclosure and the ways to access the full report and how to provide feedback. To avoid a perfunctory process, reasonable and enough time should be given to the public (for example at least two weeks of information disclosure), and no activity of public consultation and negotiation to understand public opinions and suggestions is carried out until the people has been well informed.
Public Consultation Requirements:
Public consultation should take a variety of ways, namely via a combination of public meetings, individual interviews and questionnaires. The focus should be more focus on the people to be affected rather than local officials. Their concerns should be reflected in the review and amendment of the EIA report and EMP preparation. The EIA report should document in detail the date, location, topics and methods of the consultation, the associated participants, their occupation and main concerns, and how these issues and recommendations shared by the people have been addressed in the environmental impact assessment and the project design.
8.4 Approval and Implementation
1) After the draft EIA is prepared, it shall be submitted to the appropriate EPB for review and approval in accordance with the domestic procedures, and meanwhile be submitted to the Bank for review. 2) The appropriate EPB (likely the Guilin EPB) will organize a group of experts to review the draft EIA and provide the review comments. 3) The EA consultant will revise and improve the EIA according to the review comments of the EPB and the WB, and submitted the updated draft EIA report to the EPB and the WB for approval. 4) Implementation and Supervision: Environmental assessment and implementation of EMP of the Sludge Component will be incorporated into the implementation and management of the entire Project, that is, the Guilin Sewage Company will carry out the implementation of the Component activities under the supervision of the PMO. Implementation, monitoring and reporting of the EMP environmental management plan of the Sludge Component will be fully consistent with that of the Project.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 184
EIA Master Report of Comprehensive Report of Guilin 8 Conclusions Urban Environment Project of the WB Lending
9 Conclusions
The followings are concluded based on the comprehensive environmental impacts assessment of the Project:
The World Bank financed in Guilin Integrated Environment Management Project, which is composed of such components as water supply, wastewater and sludge management, water environment monitoring and pollution control, is intended to improve the water supply and sanitation services and level of development in Guilin, which may improve the investment conditions in Guilin, facilitate accelerated urban and rural socioeconomic development in Guilin, and have good social, environmental and economic benefits. Development of the Project is also in line with the urban master plan.
With development of the water supply component, capacity created will meet the water use demand that will grow with the urban development and secure the water supply availability. It will help to accelerate the urbanization process and meet the ever increasing water use demand for businesses and people’s lives. Given the single-source water supply condition in Guilin, it will improve water supply security by providing more reliable municipal water supply to ensure sustainable economic and social development in Guilin.
The wastewater component as to be implemented will improve the wastewater treatment efficiency to help the ecological and environmental protecting in Guilin. The wastewater collection efficiency will be higher and energy consumption will be reduced with less environmental impacts.
After implementation of the sludge management component, 150m3/d of sludge treatment capacity can be developed, which will provide an effective solution to the problem on how to address the sludge from the WWTPs in Guilin, thereby prevent secondary pollution from the WWTP sludge. Pollution issue will concentrate in the operation period. As long as appropriate pollution prevention measures (including the environmental and social management framework) are taken, the environmental impacts will be reduced to an acceptable level.
After two rounds of information disclosure, public participation, survey by questionnaires and analysis, the following has been concluded that people have thought through and are quite positive regarding the good environmental benefits to arise from the implementation of the Project. With respect to the issue of potential environmental problems during the implementation of the Project and suggested solutions, people asked for better design and account in the consolidated report. All these suggestions and opinions have been fully accounted for and adopted during the review and revision of the consolidated report by the EA consultant.
Overall, the Project will bring high-profile and positive benefits after it is developed and the Project development is in line with the directives for coordinated social, economic, environmental development in China and in line with the principles of the environmental
Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 185
EIA Master Report of Comprehensive Report of Guilin 8 Conclusions Urban Environment Project of the WB Lending
impact assessment. Provided that the various pollution control measures recommended in the Report are carefully implemented according to the “three-at-the-same-time” requirements for the safety and environmental protection facilities, the incidental negative effects associated with the implementation can be greatly reduced after appropriate environmental protection measures are applied. Positive environmental benefits of the Project are much greater than the negative environmental impacts, and the Project is environmentally feasible.
Environmental Protection Research Academy of Guan of .P.R.China Add:5JiaoYu Road Nanning GuangXi Tel:0771-5331497 Post:530022 186