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Shortleaf Pine Restoration and Ecology in the Ozarks: Proceedings of a Symposium

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Shortleaf Pine Restoration and Ecology in the Ozarks: Proceedings of a Symposium United States Department of SHORTLEAF PINE RESTORATION Agriculture Forest AND ECOLOGY IN THE OZARKS: Service Northern PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM Research Station General Technical Report NRS-P-15 DISCLAIMER The fi ndings and conclusions of each article in this publication are those of the individual author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service. All articles were received in digital format and were edited for uniform type and style. Each author is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her paper. The use of trade, fi rm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an offi cial endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the Forest Service of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. PESTICIDE PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENT This publication/database reports research involving pesticides. It does not contain recommendations for their use, nor does it imply that the uses discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fi sh or other wildlife—if they are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices for the disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers. Cover photo courtesy of Missouri Department of Conservation. For additional copies of this publication, please contact: USDA Forest Service Publications Distribution 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 Fax: 740-368-0152 Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ SHORTLEAF PINE RESTORATION AND ECOLOGY IN THE OZARKS: PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM November 7-9, 2006 Springfi eld, MO Edited by John M. Kabrick Daniel C. Dey David Gwaze Hosted by The Missouri Department of Conservation Published by USDA Forest Service 11 Campus Blvd., Suite 200 Northern Research Station Newtown Square, PA 19073-3294 September 2007 FOREWORD The Shortleaf Pine Restoration and Ecology in the Ozarks Symposium was held at the University Plaza Hotel and Convention Center in Springfi eld, Missouri, on November 7-9, 2006. The purpose of the symposium was to communicate experiences, research, successes, challenges, and inspire inquiries into the ecology, management, and restoration of shortleaf pine communities and ecosystems in which shortleaf pine is prominent. The symposium brought together more than 200 registrants including private landowners, state and federal resource managers, consultants, members of conservation groups, and scientists from public and private institutions to exchange ideas and share knowledge about ecosystems containing shortleaf pine. Altogether, the symposium featured eight plenary presentations, 36 oral presentations, and nine poster presentations. REVIEW PROCEDURES Submitted manuscripts were peer-reviewed by two or more professionals familiar with the subject matter. The reviewed manuscripts were each assigned to one of the editors to render decisions about the review comments and to return the manuscripts. Revised manuscripts that were examined by the editors; satisfactory manuscripts were forwarded to the USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station for technical editing and publishing. Extended abstracts included herein were reviewed by the technical editors. The authors are responsible for the accuracy and content of their papers and extended abstracts. LIST OF REVIEWERS The editors sincerely appreciate the efforts of the following colleagues who reviewed one or more manuscripts. Their efforts greatly improved the content of this proceeding. Dirk Burhans Jeremy Kolaks Felipe Sanchez Chuck Tauer Tom Byram David Larsen Andy Scott Ron Thill Rick Clawson Ron Masters Michael Shelton Clint Tramel Mark Coggeshall Ross Melick Steve Shifl ey Tom Treiman John Dwyer Paul Nelson Mike Stambaugh Jerry Van Sambeek Vern Everson Daniel Peterson Carrie Steen Doug Wallace Jim Guldin Bob Pierce Hank Stelzer Mike Wallendorf George Hartman Mark Robbins Michael Stine Steve Westin Doyle Henken Charles Ruffner Charly Studyvin Eric Zenner CONTINUING FORESTRY EDUCATION For attending this conference, each registrant was eligible for up to 19.5 hours of Continuing Forestry Education (CFE) Category 1 credit hours through the Society of American Foresters. SYMPOSIUM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Missouri Department of Conservation: David Gwaze (chair), Tom Nichols, Mike Huffman, Tom Kulowiec, Duane Parker, Larry Rieken, Rhonda Rimer, Matt Seek USDA Forest Service: John Kabrick, David Massengale, Charly Studyvin University of Missouri-Columbia: Mark Coggeshall, Richard Guyette, Rose-Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Symposium Organizing Committee gratefully acknowledges the conference sponsors: Current River Pole Company Eastern National Park and Monument Association Missouri Chapter of the Wildlife Society Missouri Department of Conservation Missouri Society of American Foresters The National Wild Turkey Federation University of Missouri-Columbia Department of Forestry U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station U.S. Forest Service, Mark Twain National Forest CONTENTS PLENARY Historical and Social Factors Affecting Pine Management in the Ozarks During the Late 1800s Through 1940 . .1 Robert J. Cunningham The Historical Ecology of Fire, Climate, and the Decline of Shortleaf Pine in the Ozarks . .8 Richard P. Guyette, Rose-Marie Muzika, and Stephen L. Voelker Shortleaf Pine Composition and Structure in the United States . .19 W. Keith Moser, Mark Hansen, William H. McWilliams, and Raymond Sheffi eld Genetic Variation in the Southern Pines: Evolution, Migration, and Adaptation Following the Pleistocene . .28 Ronald Schmidtling Forest Stand Dynamics of Shortleaf Pine in the Ozarks . .33 David R. Larsen The Importance of Shortleaf Pine for Wildlife and Diversity in Mixed Oak-Pine Forests and in Pine-Grassland Woodlands . .35 Ronald E. Masters Restoration and Management of Shortleaf Pine in Pure and Mixed Stands— Science, Empirical Observation, and the Wishful Application of Generalities . .47 James M. Guldin ECOLOGY OF SHORTLEAF PINE SYSTEMS Successional Trends of Six Mature Shortleaf Pine Forests in Missouri . .59 Michael C. Stambaugh and Rose-Marie Muzika Shortleaf Pine: A Species at Risk? . .68 Charles G. Tauer, Shiqin Xu, C. Dana Nelson, and James M. Guldin Tree Species Associations of Pinus echinata Mill. Over a Large-Scale Sampling Regime on the Interior Highlands of Arkansas . .76 James F. Rosson, Jr. GENETICS AND TREE IMPROVEMENT OF SHORTLEAF PINE Genetic Improvement of Shortleaf Pine on the Mark Twain, Ouachita, and Ozark National Forests . .84 Charly Studyvin and David Gwaze Performance of Shortleaf Pine Provenances in Missouri . .89 David Gwaze, Jennifer Myszewski, and John Kabrick Loblolly Pine SSR Markers for Shortleaf Pine Genetics. .95 C. Dana Nelson, Sedley Josserand, Craig S. Echt, and Jeff Koppelman Chromosomal Locations of the Ribosomal DNA Genes in Shortleaf Pine . .99 Nurul Islam-Faridi, M. Abdul Majid, and C. Dana Nelson Shortleaf Pine Hybrids: Growth and Tip Moth Damage in Southeast Mississippi . .102 Larry H. Lott, Maxine T. Highsmith, and C. Dana Nelson Phylogeographic Analyses and Evaluation of Shortleaf Pine Population Structure in Missouri . .104 Jeff Koppelman, Emily Parsons, Briedi Scott, Jennifer Collantes, Lori S. Eggert, Sedley Josserand, Craig Echt, and C. Dana Nelson REGENERATING AND MANAGING SHORTLEAF PINE Regenerating Shortleaf Pine: Results of a 5-Year Cooperative Research Initiative . .105 James P. Barnett and John C. Brissette Underplanting Shortleaf Pine in the Missouri Ozarks . .112 Jason Jensen, Cliff Smith, Mark Johanson, and David Gwaze Underplanting Shortleaf Pine at Coldwater Conservation Area in Missouri . .117 Jason Jensen and David Gwaze Direct Seeding of Shortleaf Pine . .119 Corinne S. Mann and David Gwaze What Fire Frequency is Appropriate for Shortleaf Pine Regeneration and Survival? . .121 Michael C. Stambaugh, Richard P. Guyette, and Daniel C. Dey Effects of Site Preparation Subsoiling and Prescribed Burning on Survival and Growth of Shortleaf Pine in the Mark Twain National Forest: Results After 20 Growing Seasons . .129 David Gwaze, Ross Melick, Lynn McClure, Charly Studyvin, and David Massengele The Effects of a Wildfi re on Pine Seedling Recruitment . .134 Paula C. Gnehm and Brad Hadley Hardwood Regeneration Related to Overstory Shortleaf Pine Basal Area and Site Index in Arkansas and Eastern Oklahoma . .137 Douglas J. Stevenson, Thomas B. Lynch, and James M. Guldin Shortleaf Pine Reproduction Abundance and Growth in Pine-Oak Stands in the Missouri Ozarks . .138 Elizabeth M. Blizzard, Doyle Henken, John M. Kabrick, Daniel C. Dey, David R. Larsen and David Gwaze Shortleaf Pine Seedling Production and Seeding Trends in Missouri . .147 David Gwaze, Greg Hoss, and Dena Biram The State of Mixed Shortleaf Pine-Upland Oak Management in Missouri . .153 Elizabeth M. Blizzard, David R. Larsen, Daniel C. Dey, John M. Kabrick, and David Gwaze MAINTAINING PRODUCTIVITY AND PROTECTING WATER QUALITY Productivity of Planted Shortleaf Pine in Artifi cially Compacted Clarksville Soil . .158 Felix Ponder, Jr. Amounts and Spatial Distribution of Downed Woody Debris, Snags, Windthrow, and Forest Floor Mass Within Streamside Management Zones Occurring in Shortleaf Pine Stands Five Years After Harvesting . .165 Hal Liechty
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