Basis of Color for Textile Products
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Color Difference Delta E - a Survey
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236023905 Color difference Delta E - A survey Article in Machine Graphics and Vision · April 2011 CITATIONS READS 12 8,785 2 authors: Wojciech Mokrzycki Maciej Tatol Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn 157 PUBLICATIONS 177 CITATIONS 5 PUBLICATIONS 27 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Wojciech Mokrzycki on 08 August 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Colour difference ∆E - A survey Mokrzycki W.S., Tatol M. {mokrzycki,mtatol}@matman.uwm.edu.pl Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics University of Warmia and Mazury, Sloneczna 54, Olsztyn, Poland Preprint submitted to Machine Graphic & Vision, 08:10:2012 1 Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. The concept of color difference and its tolerance 4 2.1. Determinants of color perception . 4 2.2. Difference in color and tolerance for color of product . 5 3. An early period in ∆E formalization 6 3.1. JND units and the ∆EDN formula . 6 3.2. Judd NBS units, Judd ∆EJ and Judd-Hunter ∆ENBS formulas . 6 3.3. Adams chromatic valence color space and the ∆EA formula . 6 3.4. MacAdam ellipses and the ∆EFMCII formula . 8 4. The ANLab model and ∆E formulas 10 4.1. The ANLab model . 10 4.2. The ∆EAN formula . 10 4.3. McLaren ∆EMcL and McDonald ∆EJPC79 formulas . 10 4.4. The Hunter color system and the ∆EH formula . 11 5. ∆E formulas in uniform color spaces 11 5.1. -
Classic Velvet Spec Sheet
Classic Velvet DESIGNED BY BASSAMFELLOWS APPLICATION Seating CONTENT 100% Polyester BACKING Polyester/Cotton WIDTH 55" REPEAT None ABRASION 70,000 Cycles, Martindale* FLAMMABILITY CA TB 117-2013 WEIGHT 24.9 Oz Per Linear Yard 16501 Opal 16502 Ice Blue 16503 Platinum ORIGIN Italy ENVIRONMENTAL SCS Indoor Advantage™ Gold FR Chemical Free Prop 65 Chemical Free Healthier Hospitals Compliant Living Future Red List Compliant WELL Building Standard Compliant MAINTENANCE W/S – Clean with Water-Based Cleanser, or Mild, Dry Cleaning Solvent 16504 Smoky Taupe 16505 Blaze 16506 Majestic Red CUSTOM FINISHES Alta™ Plush; PFOA-Free Stain Resistant PRICE GROUP 6 NET PRICE $80 Per Yard NOTE To ensure longevity of velvet textiles, a 100% cotton liner is recommended to prevent wear to the backside of the textile. Areas exposed to greatest wear should be padded with foam beneath this liner. 16507 Peridot 16508 Obsidian 16509 Truffle *Abrasion test results exceeding ACT Performance Guidelines are not an indicator of product lifespan. Multiple factors affect fabric durability and appearance retention. 16510 Sapphire 800.456.6452 geigertextiles.com © 2021 Geiger Geiger Textiles Maintenance Guideline - W/S MAINTENANCE CODE STAIN TREATMENT W/S – Clean with Water-Based Cleanser, or Mild, Soak up any excess moisture immediately. Dry Cleaning Solvent For water-based stains, use a clean, soft, white cloth, a natural REGULAR MAINTENANCE sponge, or a nylon soft-bristle brush with lukewarm, soapy water. Vacuum regularly using the proper attachment to avoid pilling. Brush the stain with light, quick strokes. Avoid a scrubbing motion and work from the edge of the stain toward the center. -
Absorption of Light Energy Light, Energy, and Electron Structure SCIENTIFIC
Absorption of Light Energy Light, Energy, and Electron Structure SCIENTIFIC Introduction Why does the color of a copper chloride solution appear blue? As the white light hits the paint, which colors does the solution absorb and which colors does it transmit? In this activity students will observe the basic principles of absorption spectroscopy based on absorbance and transmittance of visible light. Concepts • Spectroscopy • Visible light spectrum • Absorbance and transmittance • Quantized electron energy levels Background The visible light spectrum (380−750 nm) is the light we are able to see. This spectrum is often referred to as “ROY G BIV” as a mnemonic device for the order of colors it produces. Violet has the shortest wavelength (about 400 nm) and red has the longest wavelength (about 650–700 nm). Many common chemical solutions can be used as filters to demonstrate the principles of absorption and transmittance of visible light in the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, copper(II) chloride (blue), ammonium dichromate (orange), iron(III) chloride (yellow), and potassium permanganate (red) are all different colors because they absorb different wave- lengths of visible light. In this demonstration, students will observe the principles of absorption spectroscopy using a variety of different colored solutions. Food coloring will be substituted for the orange and yellow chemical solutions mentioned above. Rare earth metal solutions, erbium and praseodymium chloride, will be used to illustrate line absorption spectra. Materials Copper(II) chloride solution, 1 M, 85 mL Diffraction grating, holographic, 14 cm × 14 cm Erbium chloride solution, 0.1 M, 50 mL Microchemistry solution bottle, 50 mL, 6 Potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4), 0.001 M, 275 mL Overhead projector and screen Praseodymium chloride solution, 0.1 M, 50 mL Red food dye Water, deionized Stir rod, glass Beaker, 250-mL Tape Black construction paper, 12 × 18, 2 sheets Yellow food dye Colored pencils Safety Precautions Copper(II) chloride solution is toxic by ingestion and inhalation. -
Accurately Reproducing Pantone Colors on Digital Presses
Accurately Reproducing Pantone Colors on Digital Presses By Anne Howard Graphic Communication Department College of Liberal Arts California Polytechnic State University June 2012 Abstract Anne Howard Graphic Communication Department, June 2012 Advisor: Dr. Xiaoying Rong The purpose of this study was to find out how accurately digital presses reproduce Pantone spot colors. The Pantone Matching System is a printing industry standard for spot colors. Because digital printing is becoming more popular, this study was intended to help designers decide on whether they should print Pantone colors on digital presses and expect to see similar colors on paper as they do on a computer monitor. This study investigated how a Xerox DocuColor 2060, Ricoh Pro C900s, and a Konica Minolta bizhub Press C8000 with default settings could print 45 Pantone colors from the Uncoated Solid color book with only the use of cyan, magenta, yellow and black toner. After creating a profile with a GRACoL target sheet, the 45 colors were printed again, measured and compared to the original Pantone Swatch book. Results from this study showed that the profile helped correct the DocuColor color output, however, the Konica Minolta and Ricoh color outputs generally produced the same as they did without the profile. The Konica Minolta and Ricoh have much newer versions of the EFI Fiery RIPs than the DocuColor so they are more likely to interpret Pantone colors the same way as when a profile is used. If printers are using newer presses, they should expect to see consistent color output of Pantone colors with or without profiles when using default settings. -
Predictability of Spot Color Overprints
Predictability of Spot Color Overprints Robert Chung, Michael Riordan, and Sri Prakhya Rochester Institute of Technology School of Print Media 69 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA emails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords spot color, overprint, color management, portability, predictability Abstract Pre-media software packages, e.g., Adobe Illustrator, do amazing things. They give designers endless choices of how line, area, color, and transparency can interact with one another while providing the display that simulates printed results. Most prepress practitioners are thrilled with pre-media software when working with process colors. This research encountered a color management gap in pre-media software’s ability to predict spot color overprint accurately between display and print. In order to understand the problem, this paper (1) describes the concepts of color portability and color predictability in the context of color management, (2) describes an experimental set-up whereby display and print are viewed under bright viewing surround, (3) conducts display-to-print comparison of process color patches, (4) conducts display-to-print comparison of spot color solids, and, finally, (5) conducts display-to-print comparison of spot color overprints. In doing so, this research points out why the display-to-print match works for process colors, and fails for spot color overprints. Like Genie out of the bottle, there is no turning back nor quick fix to reconcile the problem with predictability of spot color overprints in pre-media software for some time to come. 1. Introduction Color portability is a key concept in ICC color management. -
Measuring Perceived Color Difference Using YIQ Color Space
Programación Matemática y Software (2010) Vol. 2. No 2. ISSN: 2007-3283 Recibido: 17 de Agosto de 2010 Aceptado: 25 de Noviembre de 2010 Publicado en línea: 30 de Diciembre de 2010 Measuring perceived color difference using YIQ NTSC transmission color space in mobile applications Yuriy Kotsarenko, Fernando Ramos TECNOLOGICO DE DE MONTERREY, CAMPUS CUERNAVACA. Resumen: En este trabajo varias fórmulas están introducidas que permiten calcular la medir la diferencia entre colores de forma perceptible, utilizando el espacio de colores YIQ. Las formulas clásicas y sus derivados que utilizan los espacios CIELAB y CIELUV requieren muchas transformaciones aritméticas de valores entrantes definidos comúnmente con los componentes de rojo, verde y azul, y por lo tanto son muy pesadas para su implementación en dispositivos móviles. Las fórmulas alternativas propuestas en este trabajo basadas en espacio de colores YIQ son sencillas y se calculan rápidamente, incluso en tiempo real. La comparación está incluida en este trabajo entre las formulas clásicas y las propuestas utilizando dos diferentes grupos de experimentos. El primer grupo de experimentos se enfoca en evaluar la diferencia perceptible utilizando diferentes fórmulas, mientras el segundo grupo de experimentos permite determinar el desempeño de cada una de las fórmulas para determinar su velocidad cuando se procesan imágenes. Los resultados experimentales indican que las formulas propuestas en este trabajo son muy cercanas en términos perceptibles a las de CIELAB y CIELUV, pero son significativamente más rápidas, lo que los hace buenos candidatos para la medición de las diferencias de colores en dispositivos móviles y aplicaciones en tiempo real. Abstract: An alternative color difference formulas are presented for measuring the perceived difference between two color samples defined in YIQ color space. -
Color Appearance Models Today's Topic
Color Appearance Models Arjun Satish Mitsunobu Sugimoto 1 Today's topic Color Appearance Models CIELAB The Nayatani et al. Model The Hunt Model The RLAB Model 2 1 Terminology recap Color Hue Brightness/Lightness Colorfulness/Chroma Saturation 3 Color Attribute of visual perception consisting of any combination of chromatic and achromatic content. Chromatic name Achromatic name others 4 2 Hue Attribute of a visual sensation according to which an area appears to be similar to one of the perceived colors Often refers red, green, blue, and yellow 5 Brightness Attribute of a visual sensation according to which an area appears to emit more or less light. Absolute level of the perception 6 3 Lightness The brightness of an area judged as a ratio to the brightness of a similarly illuminated area that appears to be white Relative amount of light reflected, or relative brightness normalized for changes in the illumination and view conditions 7 Colorfulness Attribute of a visual sensation according to which the perceived color of an area appears to be more or less chromatic 8 4 Chroma Colorfulness of an area judged as a ratio of the brightness of a similarly illuminated area that appears white Relationship between colorfulness and chroma is similar to relationship between brightness and lightness 9 Saturation Colorfulness of an area judged as a ratio to its brightness Chroma – ratio to white Saturation – ratio to its brightness 10 5 Definition of Color Appearance Model so much description of color such as: wavelength, cone response, tristimulus values, chromaticity coordinates, color spaces, … it is difficult to distinguish them correctly We need a model which makes them straightforward 11 Definition of Color Appearance Model CIE Technical Committee 1-34 (TC1-34) (Comission Internationale de l'Eclairage) They agreed on the following definition: A color appearance model is any model that includes predictors of at least the relative color-appearance attributes of lightness, chroma, and hue. -
ARC Laboratory Handbook. Vol. 5 Colour: Specification and Measurement
Andrea Urland CONSERVATION OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE, OFARCHITECTURALHERITAGE, CONSERVATION Colour Specification andmeasurement HISTORIC STRUCTURESANDMATERIALS UNESCO ICCROM WHC VOLUME ARC 5 /99 LABORATCOROY HLANODBOUOKR The ICCROM ARC Laboratory Handbook is intended to assist professionals working in the field of conserva- tion of architectural heritage and historic structures. It has been prepared mainly for architects and engineers, but may also be relevant for conservator-restorers or archaeologists. It aims to: - offer an overview of each problem area combined with laboratory practicals and case studies; - describe some of the most widely used practices and illustrate the various approaches to the analysis of materials and their deterioration; - facilitate interdisciplinary teamwork among scientists and other professionals involved in the conservation process. The Handbook has evolved from lecture and laboratory handouts that have been developed for the ICCROM training programmes. It has been devised within the framework of the current courses, principally the International Refresher Course on Conservation of Architectural Heritage and Historic Structures (ARC). The general layout of each volume is as follows: introductory information, explanations of scientific termi- nology, the most common problems met, types of analysis, laboratory tests, case studies and bibliography. The concept behind the Handbook is modular and it has been purposely structured as a series of independent volumes to allow: - authors to periodically update the -
I'll Build You a Rainbow
I'll Build You A Rainbow Summary Experiments and demonstrations are used to help students understand that white visible light is composed of the colors of the spectrum. Time Frame 1 class periods of 45 minutes each Group Size Large Groups Materials For the Teacher: Shallow Baking Dish Water Small Mirror Modeling Clay White Paper 3 Flashlights Red, Green, and Blue Cellophane For the Student: Clear Plastic Cup Water Straw Pencil Penny Prism Flashlight White Paper Science Journal Background for Teachers People first thought rainbows were something of a supernatural explanation. The first person to realize that light contained color was a man in 1666 named Sir Isaac Newton. Newton discovered the colors when he bent light. We see a rainbow of colors when we use a prism or water to separate the colors of sunlight. Light is bent as it passes through the water or prism and the colors are spread apart into a spectrum. Each color becomes individually visible. Each color has a different wavelength with red being the longest and violet the shortest. When light passes through a prism or water, each color is bent at a different angle. Color is an essential part of our life. Everything we see has color. Colors are in the clothes we wear, in the plants and animals. The sky is blue. The snow is white. The asphalt is black. Can you imagine what our world would be like if there were no color? If you were asked to draw a rainbow, in which order would you put the colors? Young (and sometimes older) children may think each rainbow, like each person is unique. -
A Study to Determine the Color Preferences of School Children, 1950-1951
A study to determine the color preferences of school children, 1950-1951 Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Ryan, Leo Thomas, 1914- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 16:01:14 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/319109 A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE COLOR PREFERENCES OF SCHOOL CHILDREN 1950 - 1951 LeoL Ryanz /' v \ A Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Department of Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Graduate College, University of Arizona 1951 TABLE OP CONTENTS: Chapter Page ■I. INTRODUCTION«, t . 6 "II. BACKGROUND FOR THE STUDY. - . , . .18: III. METHOD OF PROCEDURE .............. 40 IVp PRESENTATION OF DATA. .............. 50 V. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION .......... 64 VI. SUMMARY.-. ... V ' . .... ... ... 75 Oozig3.U1 s 2.ons o oo o a o o o o 0 a & 0 o o o 5 Recommendations® o 76 Xj im 11 a t x on s <> o ©& <» » « @ @ 6 « « © <> * © *7 7 Suggestions for Future Research • *, . <> • „ 77 BIBLIOGRAPHY o . < . , . o . , -* . , 78 AP P BIX 3D IDC ^ 0 8 o o o o o e o O © o o o © o o o o 8 ii LIST OF GH&RTS Ghart , . Page lo ■ SYMBOLISM OF COLORS Q . 0 21 II.:- SYMBOLISM OF DIRECTIONAL COLORS IN . ' DIFFERENT COUNTRIES . .. .. ... 23 III, SYMBOLISM OF COLORS OF THE ELEMENTS . -
The Physics, Chemistry and Perception of Colored Flames
An earlier version appeared in: Pyrotechnica VII (1981). The Physics, Chemistry and Perception of Colored Flames Part I K. L. Kosanke SUMMARY ed analogy, semi-classical explanations, and a little hand waving in place of perfectly rigorous The first part of this three-part monograph science. In doing this, I have been careful not to presents an in-depth examination of the develop- distort the science being discussed, but only to ment of light theory; mechanisms of light genera- make the subject more understandable. I have in- tion in flames; atomic line, molecular band and cluded numerous drawings, notes and equations as continuous spectra; the definition, laws and figures. I hope the result is complete, accurate, measurement of color; chromaticity diagrams and useful, understandable, and may possibly even how the pyrotechnist can use this knowledge of makes enjoyable reading. physics in planning colored flame formulations of optimal purity. 2.0 Introduction 1.0 Preface Many of the concepts discussed in this paper are not particularly easy to understand or to work In my examination of pyrotechnic literature, I with. It is reasonable to wonder why you should have not been able to find a comprehensive dis- bother to read it and what you will get out of it. cussion of the physics, chemistry and perception The answer is slightly different depending on your of colored flames, let alone one that could be un- scientific background and on what type of pyro- derstood by the average fireworks enthusiast. The technist you are. I will assume your scientific standard texts such as Davis (1943), Weingart background is limited. -
Light and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © JonesLight & Bartlett and Learning, LLCthe © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOTElectromagnetic FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION4 Spectrum © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALEJ AMESOR DISTRIBUTIONCLERK MAXWELL WAS BORN IN EDINBURGH, SCOTLANDNOT FOR IN 1831. SALE His ORgenius DISTRIBUTION was ap- The Milky Way seen parent early in his life, for at the age of 14 years, he published a paper in the at 10 wavelengths of Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. One of his first major achievements the electromagnetic was the explanation for the rings of Saturn, in which he showed that they con- spectrum. Courtesy of Astrophysics Data Facility sist of small particles in orbit around the planet. In the 1860s, Maxwell began at the NASA Goddard a study of electricity© Jones and & magnetismBartlett Learning, and discovered LLC that it should be possible© Jones Space & Bartlett Flight Center. Learning, LLC to produce aNOT wave FORthat combines SALE OR electrical DISTRIBUTION and magnetic effects, a so-calledNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION electromagnetic wave.