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Iaj 10-3 (2019) Vol. 10 No. 3 2019 Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas FEATURES | 1 About The Simons Center The Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation is a major program of the Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc. The Simons Center is committed to the development of military leaders with interagency operational skills and an interagency body of knowledge that facilitates broader and more effective cooperation and policy implementation. About the CGSC Foundation The Command and General Staff College Foundation, Inc., was established on December 28, 2005 as a tax-exempt, non-profit educational foundation that provides resources and support to the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College in the development of tomorrow’s military leaders. The CGSC Foundation helps to advance the profession of military art and science by promoting the welfare and enhancing the prestigious educational programs of the CGSC. The CGSC Foundation supports the College’s many areas of focus by providing financial and research support for major programs such as the Simons Center, symposia, conferences, and lectures, as well as funding and organizing community outreach activities that help connect the American public to their Army. All Simons Center works are published by the “CGSC Foundation Press.” The CGSC Foundation is an equal opportunity provider. InterAgency Journal FEATURES Vol. 10, No. 3 (2019) 4 In the beginning... Special Report by Robert Ulin Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation 7 Military Neuro-Interventions: The Lewis and Clark Center Solving the Right Problems for Ethical Outcomes 100 Stimson Ave., Suite 1149 Shannon E. French and Jacob A. Sandstrom Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 Ph: 913-682-7244 • Fax: 913-682-7247 Email: [email protected] 21 The Decembrist Revolt and www.TheSimonsCenter.org its Aftermath: Values in Conflict Robert F. Baumann EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Roderick M. Cox 33 Coding Just War Theory: Artificial Intelligence in Warfare MANAGING EDITOR Dana Gingrich Elizabeth Ditsch 40 When Asimov’s Robots Encounter the Laws of War EDITOR Michael H. Hoffman Valerie Tystad 46 Defense Against Weaponized Information: DESIGN/PRODUCTION A Human Problem, Not Just A Technical One Mark H. Wiggins Nicholas J. Kane MHW Public Relations and Communications 66 Bridging the Accountability Gap: PRINTING Allen Press, Inc. The Special Court for Sierra Leone Lawrence, Kansas Dale McFeatters 85 Engineering Telos: Flourishing in the Context of AI and Transhumanism Braden Molhoek 93 The Role of Cognitive Dissonance in Dehumanization: Denying Humanity through AI Bobbie Murray and Beata Moore 100 Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Autonomous Weapon Systems and the Laws of Armed Conflict Dustin P.J. Murphy 114 The Influence of Transhumanist Thought on Human Enhancement Jeff Sheets 127 WORTH NOTING Copyright 2019, CGSC Foundation, Inc. 130 OOK EVIEW All rights reserved. No part of this journal may B R be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the CGSC Foundation, Inc. SIMONS CENTER EDITORIAL BOARD David A. Anderson, DBA Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Maj. Gen. Allen W. Batschelet, U.S. Army, Ret. Col. Adrian T. Bogart III, U.S. Army William J. Davis, Jr. Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College G. Michael Denning Director, Kansas University Graduate Military Programs William G. Eckhardt Teaching Professor Emeritus, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law Ralph M. Erwin Senior Geospatial Intelligence Officer, National Geospatial Agency Liaison to U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command Howard M. Hensel, Ph.D. Professor, U.S. Air Force Air War College Gary R. Hobin Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Col. Bart Howard, U.S. Army, Ret. Lt. Col. George Kristopher Hughes, U.S. Army U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Gene Kamena Chair, Department of Leadership and Warfighting, U.S. Air Force Air War College Jack D. Kem, Ph.D. Associate Dean of Academics, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Brig. Gen. Wendell C. King, Ph.D., U.S Army, Ret. Maj. Gen. Eugene J. LeBoeuf, U.S. Army, Ph.D. Commanding General, 79th Theater Sustainment Command Steven M. Leonard Program Director, MS-Business and Organizational Leadership, Kansas University James B. Martin, Ph.D. Dean of Academics, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Gustav A. Otto, Ph.D. Defense Intelligence Agency William T. Pugh Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College James H. Willbanks, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Mark R. Wilcox Assistant Professor, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College Donald P. Wright, Ph.D. Deputy Director, Army University Press From the Editor-in-Chief The InterAgency Journal is pleased to partner with the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College’s Department of Command and Leadership to bring you this special edition on Ethics. I thank Dr. Ted Thomas and Chaplain (Major) Jonathan Bailey for their work in hosting the 2019 Fort Leavenworth Ethics Symposium at which these papers were presented. Beginning in 2009, the Command and General Staff College Foundation has partnered each year with the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College to host an annual ethics symposium at Fort Leavenworth. These annual symposia provide an opportunity for academics and practitioners to come together to discuss ethics as they relate to the profession of arms, the practice of state controlled violence, and national security. Ethical conduct in government service is a topic of concern for not only those of us who are practitioners but also of the citizens of our nation whom we represent. Life-long professional learning calls for us to think about various ethical considerations and to keep appropriate conduct in the forefront as we do our work. Over thirty papers were accepted for presentation at the symposium. This publication is a collection of ten of those papers, published largely as submitted. Other papers will be published in a Special Report later this year. This collection of select essays from the 2019 Fort Leavenworth Ethics Symposium affords us the opportunity to consider a variety of ethical considerations posed by peer/near-peer competitors as we prepare for Large Scale Combat Operations. I think you will find these articles both informative and thought provoking. If you or your organization has expertise on a particular topic and desire to work with the Simons Center to add your thoughts to the interagency discourse through publication of a special edition issue of the InterAgency Journal, please contact our managing editor. Thank you for reading this issue of the InterAgency Journal. The Simons Center continues to strive to improve our utility to the interagency community. Your feedback is always welcome. I invite you to visit our website where you can benefit from our various interagency speakers’ presentations and publications. And sadly, but with great respect, on behalf of our Foundation I offer sincere condolences to the Perot family on the passing of a great American patriot, Mr. H. Ross Perot, Sr. In addition to his many contributions to our country, he was instrumental in our Foundation’s life and work. Please read the article penned by our founding CEO Bob Ulin on Mr. Perot’s importance to our Foundation. We will continue to honor Mr. Perot through the various programs he believed were important. – RMC In the beginning... Special Report by Robert Ulin, Founding CEO, CGSC Foundation Ross Perot, 1930-2019 t was 2005 and the Iraq war was settling into its earliest stages. Lt. Gen. Scott Wallace, the 5th Corps Commander in Iraq, had just been reassigned as commandant of the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. One of his earliest acts was to get the College to develop Ia course dealing with interagency cooperation. The lack of cooperation between and among the multiple agencies – State, CIA, DEA, FBI, to mention a few – was hindering progress in combat operations. In December 2005, the CGSC Foundation was established. Following General Wallace in 2006 was Lt. Gen. David Petraeus who famously led the development of Army Field Manual 3-24: Counterinsurgency. Next came Lt. Gen. William Caldwell. Early in 2007, Foundation CEO Bob Ulin, and trustee Mark “Ranger” Jones developed a plan to approach Mr. Ross Perot, Sr. Thus began a two and a half year relationship-building exercise to explore how Mr. Perot might be able to help the College through the Foundation. Foundation Chairman retired Lt. Gen. Robert Arter and founding CEO Bob Ulin visited General Caldwell in his office and presented the idea of an interagency research center to promote scholarship, understanding and cooperation among the various federal agencies of the U.S. government. In October 2009, Mr. Perot came to Fort Leavenworth and visited the Command and General Staff College where we presented him with a proposal to establish a center for the study of interagency cooperation in his name. After considering our proposal for two days, he announced that he would provide $3.6 million over five years to stand up the center but wanted it named after retired Colonel Arthur D. “Bull” Simons, the man who led the 1979 rescue of Perot’s EDS employees from a jail in Tehran, Iran. At the same time Mr. Perot also established an endowment for $2.5 million to establish the General Hugh Shelton Chair in Ethics. His total gift was $6.1 million. On April 21, 2010, Ross Perot cut the ribbon inaugurating the Col. Arthur D. Simons Center for Interagency Cooperation in its new offices inside the Armed Forces Insurance building on Fort Leavenworth. Since its inauguration the Simons Center has matured into the professional education resource it was initially envisioned to be.
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