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A Review of the Schizobasis Group of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae

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A Review of the Schizobasis Group of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae South African Journal of Botany 94 (2014) 263–269 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb AreviewoftheSchizobasis group of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae), and the new species D. sigmoidea from Western Cape, South Africa John Manning a,b,⁎, James Deacon, Peter Goldblatt b,c a Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa b Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa c Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA article info abstract Article history: We review the Schizobasis Baker group of Drimia Jacq. in southern Africa. We adopt a broad circumscription of Received 8 May 2014 D. intricata (Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt as occurring widely through the summer-rainfall parts of southern Received in revised form 15 July 2014 and tropical Africa, and describe a second species, D. sigmoidea J.C.Manning & J.Deacon, for populations from Accepted 18 July 2014 the Worcester–Robertson Karoo in winter-rainfall Western Cape. It is distinguished from D. intricata by its dis- Available online 15 August 2014 tinctive, deflexed pedicels that are sharply sigmoid in fruit, and conspicuous anther connective appendage. Edited by JS Boatwright Both species are fully described and illustrated, with a map of their distribution in southern Africa. © 2014 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: New species Southern Africa Taxonomy 1. Introduction Harv. ex Hook.f. and Eriospermum Jacq. ex Willd. (Baker, 1876). The South African botanists Dyer (1976) and Jessop (1977) later concluded The genus Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) sensu Manning that the relationships of Bowiea and Schizobasis lay with Drimia,and et al. (2004) comprises ± 100 species of mainly deciduous geophytes dis- both genera are now treated in Hyacinthaceae subfam. Urgineoideae tributed throughout Africa and extending into Eurasia and the Indian (Speta, 1998). Molecular analysis confirms this association, retrieving subcontinent. It is characterised by the lower or all floral bracts bearing Bowiea as sister to all other Urgineoideae, including Schizobasis a small or large basal spur, and by short-lived, often fugaceous flowers (Manning et al., 2004), which is currently included in a broadly with the tepals united below. In this sense Drimia includes Litanthus circumscribed Drimia, where its exact relationships remain uncertain. Harv., Rhadamanthus Salisb., Rhodocodon Baker, Schizobasis Baker, A molecular phylogenetic analysis by Wetschnig et al. (2007) retrieved Thuranthos C.H.Wright, Tenicroa Raf. and Urginea Steinh., the additional Drimia intricata (Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt (=Schizobasis intricata segregates proposed by Speta (1998) [see Manning et al. (2004) for Baker) as sister to D. uniflora J.C.Manning & Goldblatt (previously treat- list], plus Mucinea M.Pinter et al. (Pinter et al., 2013)andSagittanthera ed as the monotypic genus Litanthus), an association which may find Mart-Azorín et al. (Martínez-Azorín et al., 2013). morphological support in the shared development of a small, sterile The segregate Schizobasis is one of the more distinctive elements in apical flap on the anther connectives in both taxa (Manning et al., Drimia, immediately distinguished from other fugaceous-flowered 2013). This relationship is not, however, supported by the molecular urgineoids by its well-branched, wiry inflorescence and reduced, filiform analysis by Buerki et al. (2012), which places D. intricata sister to Drimia leaves present only in the seedling stage. Although eight species have s.s. (sensu Dyer, 1976). been described under this name, the taxonomy of several is still uncertain. Here we review the species previously treated as the genus Described by Baker (1873), Schizobasis was initially allied with the Schizobasis. African species of Anthericum L. on account of its fugaceous perianth, and included in the tribe Anthericeae as most closely allied to Bowiea 2. Materials and methods All relevant types were examined, as well as herbarium material ⁎ Corresponding author at: Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity from BOL, NBG, PRE and SAM (acronyms after Holmgren et al., 1990), Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (J. Manning), [email protected] the primary collections of southern African species. Both species were (P. Goldblatt). also studied in the field. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2014.07.011 0254-6299/© 2014 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 264 J. Manning et al. / South African Journal of Botany 94 (2014) 263–269 3. Taxonomy white, yellowish or pinkish to greenish. Leaves present only at seedling stage, one or two, filiform, up to 40 × 0.3 mm. Inflorescence solitary, 3.1. Key to species of the Schizobasis group scape (7–)50–200 mm long, deflexed at base then suberect, sprawling or flexuous to distinctly twining, wiry, longitudinally scabridulous in 1a Flowering pedicels suberect or spreading, geniculate in fruit; basal part or throughout, flushed purple below, weakly to extensively anther connective minute, ±0.1 mm long… D. intricata branched, lowest branches sub-opposite or ± ternate, branches 1b Flowering pedicels deflexed from base, sigmoid in fruit; anther suberect or ± divaricate, straight or flexuose; bracts spurred at all connective conspicuous, ±0.3 mm long… D. sigmoidea nodes, lanceolate, lowermost 1–3 mm long with spur 1–2 mm long; pedicels suberect to spreading or slightly reflexed, straight or apically 3.2. Species descriptions deflexed at anthesis but apically erect in fruit, (5–)10–20(−30) mm long. Flowers campanulate or ± rotate, pendent or spreading, white to Drimia intricata (Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt in Strelitzia 9: 712 pale pinkish with brown or green keels, without discernable odour; (2000). Anthericum intricatum Baker in J. Bot. 10: 140 (1872). Schizobasis tepals 3–4 mm long, connate in basal 0.5–1.0 mm, lobes spreading or intricata (Baker) Baker in J. Bot. 12: 368 (1874). Type: South Africa, apically recurved, elliptic to obovate, 2.5–3.0 × 1.0–1.5 mm, penicillate. ‘Cape’, Zeyher 4284 (K [000257121]—digital image!, lecto., designated Stamens adnate to perianth for 0.5–1.0 mm, thus inserted at top of tube, here; SAM [0022792–0]!, isolecto.) [Syntype: South Africa, ‘banks of connivent around style; filaments filiform, suberect or apically inflexed, the Orange River’, Burke 370 (K [000257122]—digital image!]. [Note: ±2 mm long; anthers spreading or connivent around style, dorsifixed, Zeyher 4284 is selected as the lecotype as being duplicated in at least thecae ± 1 mm long, ±apiculate with connective extended in acute two herbaria.] or notched, membranous tip ± 0.1 mm long, basally sagittate, longitu- Schizobasis macowanii [as ‘macowani’] Baker in J. Bot. 11: 105 (1873). dinally dehiscent. Ovary subglobose, ±1 mm long, greenish yellow; Type: South Africa, [Eastern Cape], ‘inter frutices pr. fl. Klein Visch Rivier style columnar, ±1.5 mm long, slightly longer than ovary, extending prope Somerset East’, MacOwan 1847 (K [000257123]—digital image!, shortly beyond anthers, white, stigma obtuse, minutely 3-lobed. lecto., designated here; BOL!, SAM [0022788–0], isolecto.). [Note: The Capsules subglobose to narrowly ellipsoid, 3–5×2–5 mm, erect or Kew duplicate is selected as lectotype as having being unequivocally spreading on suberect or spreading pedicels, greyish to brown, soon seen by Baker (1873).] fragmenting and deciduous. Seeds 6 to 8 per locule, ellipsoid with Asparagus cuscutoides Burch. ex Baker in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 14: 606 peripheral wing, 1.5–2.0 × 1.0–1.5 mm, glossy black, testa scalariform- (1875), syn. nov. Schizobasis cuscutoides (Burch. ex Baker) Benth. & colliculate. Flowering time: November to March; opening afternoon Hook.f., Gen. pl. 3: 786 (1883). Drimia cuscutoides (Burch. ex Baker) and fading in evening. Fig. 1. J.C.Manning & Goldblatt in Strelitzia 9: 711 (2000). Type: South Africa, Distribution and ecology: widespread through the drier parts [Northern Cape], ‘Caput Bonae Spei, in saxosis aridis ad ripas fluminis of southern Africa with summer or aseasonal rainfall (Fig. 2), recorded Gariep’, 1 Mar. 1813, Burchell 2673 (K [000257125]—digital image!, in South Africa from the Ceres Karoo through interior Western and holo.; L, P, iso.). Northern Cape into Namibia along the western escarpment to Angola Schizobasis angolensis Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 1(5): and into northern Botswana in the west, and from the Little Karoo 255 (1878). Type: Angola, ‘Pungo Andongo, ad rupes ipsius Praesidii’, near Calitzdorp through the Eastern Cape and Free State to Limpopo Aug. 1857, Welwitsch 3867 (LISU [222125], holo.—digital image!). and Swaziland and through Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia and [Note: The citation of Welwitsch 3866 at Kew (K000257004) as the Tanzania to Ethiopia in the east, occurring in a wide range of rocky holotype by Manning & Goldblatt (2013) must be taken to be incorrect habitats in seasonally dry areas. The species has not been collected since a collection date of November 1857 on a duplicate of this collec- from the midlands and Drakensberg of KwaZulu-Natal and Lesotho. tion at Lisbon (LISU [222126]) is at variance with the collection date of Plants are shorter and compact in open and exposed environments August given in the protologue. The latter date corresponds to the but more straggling or even twining in closed or moist situations. specimen Welwitsch 3387, which we accordingly accept as the holotype, Diagnosis: a widespread and variable species diagnosed essentially and which in addition bears Welwitsch's annotations and the manu- by the suberect to spreading pedicels and the very small apical append- script name Adenotheca aphylla, as cited in the protologue.] ages on the anther connectives. Schizobasis schlechteri Baker in Bul. Herb. Boissier Ser. II, 1: 783 Having examined a wide range of material from across the subconti- (1901).
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