DOCSLIB.ORG

A Review of the Litanthus Group of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Review of the Litanthus Group of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) South African Journal of Botany 90 (2014) 96–100 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb AreviewoftheLitanthus group of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) with the description of a second species, Drimia stenocarpa, from Western Cape J.C. Manning a,b,⁎, J. Deacon, P. Goldblatt b,c a Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa b Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa c B.A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA article info abstract Article history: We review the Litanthus group of Drimia and describe a second species from Western Cape, Drimia stenocarpa, Received 23 August 2013 differing from Drimia uniflora in its invariably solitary leaf, larger flowers with narrower tepal lobes, longer and Received in revised form 20 September 2013 thicker pedicels, and distinctive cylindrical–prismatic capsule longitudinally banded in green and white. Both Accepted 2 October 2013 species are fully described and illustrated and a distribution map is provided. Available online 22 November 2013 © 2013 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Edited by GV Goodman-Cron Keywords: Drimia Hyacinthaceae Litanthus New species Southern Africa Taxonomy 1. Introduction infrageneric classification are urgently required. Here we review the species previously treated as the genus Litanthus. The genus Drimia Jacq. sensu lat. comprises ±100 species of largely Litanthus was described by Harvey (1844) for the new species deciduous geophytes distributed throughout Africa and extending into Litanthus pusillus Harv. [now Drimia uniflora J.C. Manning & Goldblatt] Eurasia and the Indian subcontinent (Manning et al., 2004). In this and diagnosed by its 1(2)-flowered inflorescence terminated by a pair broad circumscription it is characterised by the lower floral bracts of subopposite bracts subtending a distinctive, cylindrical, pendulous (at least) bearing a small or large spur and by short-lived flowers flower with well-developed perianth tube [at least twice as long as with a ± gamotepalous perianth. In this sense it includes the genus the tepal lobes]. Typically only a solitary flower develops and the second Urginea Steinh., as well as several smaller groups of species previous- bract is usually empty. An additional unusual character for the genus not ly segregated at generic level. Among the best known of these are commented on before is the prolongation of the anther connective into Rhadamanthus Salisb., Schizobasis Baker, Thuranthos C.H. Wright, a small, translucent, membranous flap.Wehaveobservedthisinno Tenicroa Raf. and the monotypic Litanthus Harv. Additional segregates other species of Drimia with the notable exception of D. cuscutoides have been recognised since then (see Speta, 1998) but have not been (Burch. ex Baker) J.C. Manning & Goldblatt. Litanthus was formally includ- generally adopted. The majority of the southern African species in the ed in Drimia by Goldblatt and Manning (2000), at which time it was still group were last revised by Jessop (1977), supplemented by revisions monotypic. of Rhadamanthus by Nordenstam (1970) and Tenicroa [as Sypharissa Originally described from plants collected near Port Elizabeth, Salisb.] by Obermeyer (1980). Several new species have since been D. uniflora is now known to be widespread in southern Africa, ranging described and even the relatively recent checklist by Manning and from Northern and Western Cape in South Africa to Zimbabwe (Jessop, Goldblatt (2003) is outdated. A modern review of the species and an 1977; Manning et al., 2002). Specimens collected near Papendorp in 1971 by Harry Hall (1906–1986), formerly horticulturist at Kirstenbosch National Botanic Garden, were initially considered to represent a new ⁎ Corresponding author at: Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity species of Litanthus but were subsequently included in L. pusillus [now Institute, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, South Africa. fl E-mail addresses: [email protected] (J.C. Manning), [email protected] D. uni ora]byJessop (1977) in his review of the group. Further collec- (P. Goldblatt). tions of these diminutive plants made since then suggest that the initial 0254-6299/$ – see front matter © 2013 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2013.10.006 J.C. Manning et al. / South African Journal of Botany 90 (2014) 96–100 97 surmise was correct and that the Papendorp plants, along with addition- Distribution and ecology: widespread through the drier, aseasonal al populations from the Breede River in Western Cape, do indeed consti- and summer-rainfall parts of South Africa, from the Gamsberg in tuteaseparatespecies,whichwedescribehereasDrimia stenocarpa for Bushmanland and the Little Karoo through the eastern half of the country its distinctive capsules. These populations differ most strikingly from into southern Zimbabwe but evidently absent from the more arid central D. uniflora in their prismatic, strongly bicoloured capsules on longer, region (Fig. 2). The diminutive plants typically grow in rock crevices or stouter pedicels, and in their narrower tepal lobes. D. stenocarpa is re- rocky cliffs, in seasonally damp situations generally in protected or stricted to the extreme southwestern, winter-rainfall parts of South sheltered locations, sometimes in mats with moss or other dwarf Africa, with true D. uniflora occurring further to the north and east. succulents. We review and illustrate both species, based on herbarium and field Diagnosis and relationships: distinguished from D. stenocarpa by the studies. small, globose bulbs and slightly smaller flowers, 4–6mmlongwith ovate tepal lobes ± 1 mm long, and the ovoid or subglobose, unicoloured – fl 2. Materials and methods capsules ± 3 mm long. The pedicels, 0.5 1mmlongin ower, elongate hardly at all in fruit, reaching at most 2 mm long. Bulbs produce up to fi All relevant types were examined, as well as herbarium material ve threadlike leaves, only rarely just one. from BOL, NBG, PRE and SAM (acronyms after Holmgren et al., 1990), The diminutive size of the species impressed Harvey (1844),who ’ the primary collections of southern African species. Both species were commented on the bulb as being scarcely larger than a good sized pea ‘ ’ also studied in the field. and the scape as no thicker than a bristle . Its relationships puzzled both Zehyer and Harvey (1844). The curious inflorescence with two, op- posite bracts and the solitary, cylindrical flower misled Zehyer into con- 3. Taxonomy sidering it to be a dwarf species of Amaryllidaceae, as evinced by his annotation of his collection with the manuscript name Cyrtanthus 3.1. Key to species of the Litanthus group minimus. Harvey (1844) correctly recognised its family affiliations but was misled by the tubular flower to relate it to the genus ‘Uropetalum’ – fl – 1. Leaves (1)2 5, threadlike; owers 4 6 mm long, tepal lobes ovate, [Uropetalum Burch. ex Ker Gawl.], now a synonym of Dipcadi Medik. ±1 mm long; pedicels ± 1 mm long at anthesis, hardly elongating in fruit and up to 2 mm long; capsules ovoid, ±3 mm long, unicoloured fl greenish or brown. D. uni ora. Additional specimens seen fl – 1. Leaf solitary, terete; owers 6 7 mm long, tepal lobes lanceolate, ZIMBABWE—Belingwe Dist., Mt Buhwa, rock cracks, ±1 650 m, 30 – ±2 mm long; pedicels 1 2.5 mm long at anthesis, elongating markedly Oct. 1973, G. Pope, H. Biegel & N. Gosden 1125 (PRE). – – – in fruit and 5 8 mm long; capsules cylindrical prismatic, 4 6mmlong, NORTH-WEST.—2527 (Rustenburg): Pilanesberg, near Police Station longitudinally banded in green and white. D. stenocarpa. on Genl. Smut's Farm, (–AA), 20 Oct. 1970, S. Venter 1134 (PRE); Rustenburg,nexttowaterfall,(–CA), 1 Feb. 1978, L. Smook 1039 (PRE). 3.2. Species descriptions GAUTENG—2527 (Rustenburg): Krugersdorp Dist., Jack Scott Private Nature Reserve, (–DC), 6 Feb. 1961, M. Weells 2485 (PRE). 2628 Drimia uniflora J.C. Manning & Goldblatt in Goldblatt & Manning in (Johannesburg): Sandton, NE of Frankenwald, crevices in flat rock Strelitzia 9: 712 (2000), as a new name for Litanthus pusillus Harv.: faces, (–AA), 18 Aug. 1951, H. Gilliland PRE62138 (PRE). 315, t. 9 (1844) [non D. pusilla Jacq. ex Willd. (1799)]; Hooker, MPUMALANGA.—2530 (Lydenburg): Carolina, Waterval Boven, 1872. Type: South Africa, [Eastern Cape], ‘shady places in the (–CB), 26 Sept. 1932 m, Van der Merwe PRE32061 (PRE). 2531 woods by the Zwartkop's River, Uitenhage, Cape of Good Hope’,[De- (Komatipoort): 4 mi [6.4 km] from Barberton to Havelock Mine, N cember 1829], Zeyher s.n. (TCD, lecto., designated by Jessop: 308 slopes of Saddleback Hill, (–CC), 17 Oct. 1940, L. Codd PRE36138 (1977); S—ALUKA image!, SAM!, iso.). (PRE). 2730 (Vryheid): Piet retief, Hlangapies, (–BB), Dec. without Deciduous, bulbous herb. Bulb solitary or communal, subglobose, year, F. Van der Merwe 1102 (PRE). 4–10 mm in diameter; outer tunics greyish brown, thinly leathery; FREE STATE.—2827 (Senekal): Clocolan, Mequatlingsnek, (–CD), inner tunics tightly overlapping, white or flushed pink. Leaves synanthous without date, R. Stam PRE32063 (PRE); Senekal Dist., Groot Doornkop, or dry and withered at flowering, (1)2 or 3(–5), erect, filiform–terete, (–DA), 7 Dec. 1931, A. Goossens 932 (PRE). 2927 (Maseru): 18 mi 20–30 mm long, ±0.25–0.8 mm in diameter, glabrous. Inflorescence [29 km], from Hobhouse on Ladybrand road, (–AB), 29 Jan. 1945, 1(2)-flowered, solitary or several in succession; scape erect, 20–30 mm J. Acocks 11186 (PRE). long, minutely longitudinally scabridulous in basal half or ± throughout; SWAZILAND.—2531 (Komatipoort): Havelock Concession, rocky ridge bracts two but only one usually subtending a flower, subopposite, termi- above Komassan River, (–CC), Sept. 1890, E. Saltmarshe 1042 (PRE, SAM). nal, ovate, ±1 mm long, both spurred, spur 0.5 mm long; pedicel de- 2632 (Bela Vista): Ndzindza, Mlawula Nature Reserve, (–AA), 15 Sept.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pharmacognosy 1
    PHARMACOGNOSY 1 Dr. Dima MUHAMMAD 0 References: 1. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, William C. Evans, Saunders Elsevier, 2009, sixteenth ed., ISBN 978-0 -7020 -2934 9 2. textbook of pharmacognosy & phytochemistry, Biren Shah & A.K. Seth, Elsevier, 2010, 1st ed, ISBN: 978-81-312-2298-0 3. Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach. Paul M Dewick, John Wiley & Sons, 2009,3rd Edition, ISBN 978-0-470-74168-9. 4. Martins, A., Vieira, H., Gaspar, H., & Santos, S. (2014). Marketed Marine Natural Products in the Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Industries: Tips for Success. Marine Drugs, 12(2) 1 1. MEANING OF PHARMACOGNOSY Pharmacognosy, known initially as materia medica, may be defined as the study of crude drugs obtained from plants, animals and mineral kingdom and their constituents. There is a historical misinformation about who created the term pharmacognosy. According to some sources, it was C. A. Seydler, a medical student at Halle, Germany, in 1815; he wrote his doctoral thesis titled Analectica Pharmacognostica. However, recent historical research has found an earlier usage of this term. The physician J. A. Schmidt (Vienna) used that one in his Lehrbuch der materia medica in 1811, to describe the study of medicinal plants and their properties. The word pharmacognosy is derived from two Latin words pharmakon, ‘a drug,’ and gignoso, ‘to acquire knowledge of’. It means ‘knowledge or science of drugs. Crude drugs are plants or animals, or their parts which after collection are subjected only to drying or making them into transverse or longitudinal slices or peeling them in some cases. Most of the crude drugs used in medicine are obtained from plants, and only a small number comes from animal and mineral kingdoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Drimia Edwardsii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a New Urgineoid Species from the Mkhomazi River Valley of Eastern South Africa
    Phytotaxa 195 (2): 135–144 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.195.2.2 Drimia edwardsii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new urgineoid species from the Mkhomazi River Valley of eastern South Africa NEIL R. CROUCH1,2* & MARIO MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN3,4 1Biodiversity Research, Monitoring and Assessment, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 52099, Berea Road 4007, South Africa; Email: [email protected] 2School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa 3Institute of Plant Science, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria. 4CIBIO (Instituto Universitario de la Biodiversidad) & dCARN, Universidad de Alicante, PO Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; E-Mail: [email protected] *author for correspondence Abstract A new species endemic to South Africa, Drimia edwardsii, is described and illustrated, with data provided on its morphol- ogy, ecology and distribution. The species appears to be closely related to Drimia delagoensis and Urginea lydenburgensis, and whereas all are synanthous and produce small, pale-brownish campanulate flowers, several leaf and bulb features clearly distinguish the new species. Key words: Drimia, Hyacinthaceae, Sekanama, South Africa, taxonomy, Urginea, Urgineoideae Introduction Hyacinthaceae sensu APG (2003) comprises ca. 700–1000 species of bulbous plants mostly occurring in Africa, Europe and Asia, with a single genus, Oziroë Rafinesque (1837: 53), present in South America (Speta 1998a, b, APG 2003, Martínez-Azorín et al. 2014). Four subfamilies are accepted in Hyacinthaceae (Hyacinthoideae, Ornithogaloideae, Oziroëoideae and Urgineoideae) corresponding to monophyletic clades (Speta 1998b, Pfosser & Speta 1999, Manning et al.
    [Show full text]
  • GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation
    GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.
    [Show full text]
  • TAXON:Schizobasis Intricata SCORE:1.0 RATING:Low Risk
    TAXON: Schizobasis intricata SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk Taxon: Schizobasis intricata Family: Hyacinthaceae Common Name(s): climbing onion Synonym(s): Anthericum intricatum Baker losbol Drimia intricata (Baker) J.C.Manning Schizobasis& Goldblatt dinteri K.Krause Schizobasis macowanii Baker Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 26 Jun 2015 WRA Score: 1.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Geophyte, Bulb-forming, Self-fertile, Seed Producing, Atelechorous Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y =
    [Show full text]
  • Asparagaceae Subfam. Scilloideae) with Comments on Contrasting Taxonomic Treatments
    Phytotaxa 397 (4): 291–299 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.397.4.3 New combinations in the tribe Urgineeae (Asparagaceae subfam. Scilloideae) with comments on contrasting taxonomic treatments MARIO MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN1*, MANUEL B. CRESPO1, MARÍA Á. ALONSO-VARGAS1, ANTHONY P. DOLD2, NEIL R. CROUCH3,4, MARTIN PFOSSER5, LADISLAV MUCINA6,7, MICHAEL PINTER8 & WOLFGANG WETSCHNIG8 1Depto. de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (dCARN), Universidad de Alicante, P. O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; e- mail: [email protected] 2Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa 3Biodiversity Research, Assessment & Monitoring, South African National Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 52099, Berea Road 4007, South Africa 4School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 4041 South Africa 5Biocenter Linz, J.-W.-Klein-Str. 73, A-4040 Linz, Austria 6Iluka Chair in Vegetation Science & Biogeography, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Perth, Australia 7Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa 8Institute of Biology, Division Plant Science, NAWI Graz, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria *author for correspondence Abstract As part of a taxonomic revision of tribe Urgineeae, and informed by morphological and phylogenetic evidence obtained in the last decade, we present 17 new combinations in Austronea, Indurgia, Schizobasis, Tenicroa, Thuranthos, Urgineopsis, and Vera-duthiea. These are for taxa recently described in Drimia sensu latissimo or otherwise named during the past cen- tury.
    [Show full text]
  • Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes
    Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes Shichao Chen1., Dong-Kap Kim2., Mark W. Chase3, Joo-Hwan Kim4* 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 2 Division of Forest Resource Conservation, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Gyeonggi- do, Korea, 3 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Abstract Phylogenetic analysis aims to produce a bifurcating tree, which disregards conflicting signals and displays only those that are present in a large proportion of the data. However, any character (or tree) conflict in a dataset allows the exploration of support for various evolutionary hypotheses. Although data-display network approaches exist, biologists cannot easily and routinely use them to compute rooted phylogenetic networks on real datasets containing hundreds of taxa. Here, we constructed an original neighbour-net for a large dataset of Asparagales to highlight the aspects of the resulting network that will be important for interpreting phylogeny. The analyses were largely conducted with new data collected for the same loci as in previous studies, but from different species accessions and greater sampling in many cases than in published analyses. The network tree summarised the majority data pattern in the characters of plastid sequences before tree building, which largely confirmed the currently recognised phylogenetic relationships. Most conflicting signals are at the base of each group along the Asparagales backbone, which helps us to establish the expectancy and advance our understanding of some difficult taxa relationships and their phylogeny.
    [Show full text]
  • Drimia Polyantha1
    Sponsored by Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi. Haritarium Family Code: 558 Species code: 10 - 3A Naoroji Godrej Centre for Plant Research Drimia polyantha(Blatt. &McCann)Stearn Botanical name: Drimia polyantha (Blatt. & McCann) Stearn (=Urginea polyantha Blatt.&McC.) Vernacular name: Pachankanda. Family : Hyacinthaceae Threatened category: Data deficient (Gaikwad & Yadav, 2004). Key characters: Underground perennial stems large in proportion to roots, tunicated bulb; annual scape simple, naked, Leaves radical, Pedicel longer than bracts, bracts persistant, flowers recemose, Perianth campanulate, 6-partite, Seeds flattened. Description: Herbs, scapigerous; bulbs globose-ovoid, tunicte, Leaves shining green, elliptic oblong, 30-40 X 1.5 -4.0 cm, lorate. Scapes 45 cm long. Inflorescence of racemes dense or lax, 20 cm long. Flowers up to 40, brownish-purple, open during day time between 6am -2pm., pedicellate. Capsules truncate, trilocular. Seeds broadly elliptic. Flowering and fruiting: March- July. Distribution: India: Endemic to Peninsular India Reported Localities: Nasik, Kolhapur, Pune and Satara districts. Ecology: Common. Prefers open slopes and plateaux. Altitude ranges between 300-1200m above sea level. Association: No specific plant association is observed.. Sponsored by Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi. Haritarium Family Code: 558 Species code: 10 - 3B Naoroji Godrej Centre for Plant Research Drimia polyantha(Blatt. &McCann)Stearn 4 5 1 2 3 6 7 1 8 9 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 1.Habit, 2.Inflorescence, 3.Fruiting scape, 4,5,6. Flower variation, 7. Dissected flower, 6.Perianth,7. Anther with perianth, 8. Gynoecium, 9.&10. Anther 11. Bulb, 12&13 Pod,14. Seeds. Sponsored by Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbal Medicinal Effectiveness: Potential Risks and Health Gained Without Collateral Damage: a Review of Drimia Maritime
    Acta Scientific MEDICAL SCIENCES (ISSN: 2582-0931) Volume 5 Issue 4 April 2021 Mini Review Herbal Medicinal Effectiveness: Potential Risks and Health Gained without Collateral Damage: A Review of Drimia maritime Salem Mohamed Edrah* Received: February 16, 2021 Professor, Chemistry Department, Sciences College, El-Mergib University, Al-Khums, Published: March 19, 2021 Libya © All rights are reserved by Salem Mohamed *Corresponding Author: Salem Mohamed Edrah, Professor, Chemistry Edrah. Department, Sciences College, El-Mergib University, Al-Khums, Libya. Abstract Drimia maritima outer scales of which are thin and papery, red or orange-brown. It is one of the plants that grow in North Africa and the Mediterranean (L) is a perennial plant, with fibrous roots proceeding from the base of a large, tunicate, nearly globular bulb, the Basin. The plant owns a large bulb which can be about 20 cm wide and weigh may reach to 1 kg, leaves are dark green in colour and used in treating diseases, combating agricultural pests, and killing rats to preserve crops. The plant has toxicity may lead to death leathery in texture, flowers are white and may reach 2 m in height, and approximately1.5 cm wide. From ancient time, this plant is when it is used excessively and without paying attention to the dosages needed for treatment, It is of great importance due to the fact that it contains many very effective biochemical composites such as Bufadienolides.. Keywords: Drimia maritima (L); Chemical Constituents; Toxicity; Bufadienolides Compounds Abbreviation Drimia genus includes ninety-nine species [3]. This species is also known by several common names, including squill, sea squill, sea D.
    [Show full text]
  • T H a I S Z I a Flower Morphology and Vascular Anatomy in Some
    Thaiszia - J. Bot., Košice, 28 (2): 125-143, 2018 http://www.bz.upjs.sk/thaiszia T H A I S Z I A JOURNAL OF BOTANY Flower morphology and vascular anatomy in some representatives of Urgineoideae (Hyacinthaceae) OLGA DYKA1 1Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 4, Hrushevsky str., 79005, Lviv, Ukraine; [email protected] Dyka O. (2018): Flower morphology and vascular anatomy in some representatives of Urgineoideae (Hyacinthaceae). – Thaiszia – J. Bot. 28 (2): 125-143. – ISSN 1210-0420. Abstract: The flower morphology and vascular anatomy in Bowiea volubilis, Geschollia anomala and Fusifilum physodes have been studied. It was shown that the perigonium and androecium in the studied species are very similar. Each of tepals, and each stamen is supplied by a single vascular bundle. Some significant differences are recognized in the inner structure of the ovary, vertical zonality of septal nectary, as well as gynoecium venation in the studied species. Accordingly to W. Leinfellner concept of the gynoecium vertical zonality, it was established that the gynoecium of B. volubilis consists of hemisynascidiate, hemisymplicate and asymplicate zones, and the gynoecium of G. anomala and F. physodes consists of synascidiate, symplicate, hemisymplicate and asymplicate zones. The septal nectary of all studied species have a nectary cavity and nectary split which opens to the exterior. In the septal nectary we detected three vertical zones: the zone of the distinct nectary at the symplicate zone in F. physodes; the zone of the common nectary at the hemisynascidiate, and hemisymplicate zones in B. volubilis, and at the hemisymplicate zone in G. anomala and F. physodes; the zone of the external nectary (nectary splits) in all studied species at the asymplicate zone in the ovary roof.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Characterization and Acaricidal Activity of Drimia Maritima (L) Bulbs and Dittrichia Viscosa Leaves Against Dermanyssus Gallinae T
    Veterinary Parasitology 268 (2019) 61–66 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Parasitology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Research paper Chemical characterization and acaricidal activity of Drimia maritima (L) bulbs and Dittrichia viscosa leaves against Dermanyssus gallinae T Wafa Rhimia,b,c, Issam Ben salemb, Antonio Camardac, Mouldi Saidib, Abdennacer Boulilad, ⁎ Domenico Otrantoc, Claudia Cafarchiac, a Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Zarzouna, Université de Carthage, 7021, Tunisia b Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre of Nuclear Science and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, 2020, Ariana, Tunisia c Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, 70010, Valenzano, Italy d Laboratory of Natural Substances LR10INRAP02, National Institute of Research and Physico-chemical Analyses, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, Ariana, 2020, Tunisia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The emergence of resistance to chemical acaricides in Dermanyssus gallinae, together with their toxicity and high Drimia maritima costs, has prompted investigations into the use of plant extracts as alternatives to chemical acaricidal treatments. Dittrichia viscosa Drimia maritima bulbs and Dittrichia viscosa (D. viscosa) leaf extracts were here characterized by HPLC-PDA-ESI- Dermanyssus gallinae MS/MS, and their toxicity against D. gallinae was evaluated using contact methods. Twenty-nine compounds Phenolic compounds were identified in D. maritima extracts, with glucoscilliphaeoside derivatives (i.e., quercetin, kaempferol and Bufadienolides bufadienolides) as the major components. Twenty-four phenolic compounds, mainly caffeic acid derivatives, were detected in D. viscosa extracts. D. maritima extracts displayed a significantly higher (p < 0.05) acaricidal activity than D. viscosa extracts, with 100% of D. gallinae mortality at a concentration of 100 mg/mL following 24 h exposure.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxic Effects of Drimia Maritima (Asparagaceae) Ethanolic Extracts
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Published Online: September 22, 2020 https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.21002 Toxic effects of Drimia maritima (Asparagaceae) ethanolic extracts on the mortality, development, sexual behaviour and oviposition behaviour of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Fatma Zohra Saadanea* | Wafa Habbachia | Sarra Habbachia | Nour El Imene Boublataa | Abderachid Slimanib | Abdelkrim Tahraouia aApplied Neuroendocrinology Laboratory. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Badji Mokhtar Annaba 23000, Algeria. bDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Badji Mokhtar BP 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Drimia maritima is a toxic Mediterranean plant and is considered a commercially important drug by its medicinal values and pharmacological properties. In this work, we seek to evaluate the direct and delayed effects of the ethanol extracts of this plant on vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster), an excellent laboratory model. The treatment was carried out by ingestion on second-stage larvae (L2) and then we evaluated the impact of this treatment on mortality, development, sexual behaviour, on female's oviposition choice, fecundity, and fertility of adults. The results showed that mortality rates can reach 100% after 15 days of treatment as we recorded an acceleration of the flies' development. After treatment, we observed incomplete nuptial courtship and a significant decrease in eggs laid number and larvae number of the first generation treated. This study indicates that D. maritima ethanolic extract has a neurotoxic property, our results confirmed the presence of toxic secondary metabolites in the extract studied. Keywords fruit fly, mating, Mediterranean plant, reproduction, toxicity 1. Introduction this aspect, and more particularly on the use of spontaneous species in traditional medicine (Hammiche and Gueyouche In recent years, natural products have drawn the 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Drimia Trichophylla (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a New Species from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante Systematic Botany (2016), 41(4): pp. 944–949 © Copyright 2016 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364416X694044 Date of publication December 15, 2016 Drimia trichophylla (Hyacinthaceae, Urgineoideae), a New Species from the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Mario Martínez-Azorín,1,3 Anthony P. Dold,2 and Manuel B. Crespo1 1dCARN & CIBIO (Instituto Universitario de la Biodiversidad), Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain. 2Selmar Schonland Herbarium, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140 South Africa. 3Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Timothy M. Evans Abstract—Within the framework of a taxonomic revision of Drimia sensu lato we here describe a new species from the Eastern Cape Prov- ince in South Africa. Drimia trichophylla sp. nov. is at first sight related to D. vermiformis, but it can be clearly differentiated by the flower and leaf morphology and distribution. A complete description is presented for this species, and data on morphology, ecology, and distribu- tion are reported. Affinities and divergences with other close allies are also discussed. Keywords—Asparagaceae, distribution, ecology, taxonomy. Hyacinthaceae sensu APG II (2003) includes about Schonland Herbarium], Grahamstown, growing singly 1,000 species of bulbous plants that are segregated in four under Pentzia incana bushes, very rare and hard to monophyletic subfamilies (Oziroeoideae, Ornithogaloideae, spot, flowers dirty cream colour, stalks dark and wiry, Urgineoideae, and Hyacinthoideae). Alternatively, Hyacintha- leaves hairy, plants separated (110 or more metres ceae is treated as subfamily Scilloideae of Asparagaceae, apart) and not in clumps, 13 Nov 1979, C.
    [Show full text]