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Les Rôles Du Vétérinaire Militaire De L'armée Du Levant Dans Les Théâtres Des Opérations Extérieures De 1935 a 1942

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Les Rôles Du Vétérinaire Militaire De L'armée Du Levant Dans Les Théâtres Des Opérations Extérieures De 1935 a 1942 Année 2019 LES RÔLES DU VÉTÉRINAIRE MILITAIRE DE L'ARMÉE DU LEVANT DANS LES THÉÂTRES DES OPÉRATIONS EXTÉRIEURES DE 1935 A 1942 THÈSE pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR VÉTÉRINAIRE, présentée et soutenue publiquement devant LA FACULTÉ DE MÉDECINE DE CRÉTEIL le…………… par Auriane Marine Madeleine Josseline SCHMITT Née le 24 septembre 1994 à Saint-Cyr-l’Ecole (Yvelines) DIRECTEUR DE THESE : Pr Henry CHATEAU, Président Pr Professeur à la Faculté de Médecine de CRÉTEIL 1er Assesseur Pr Henry CHATEAU Professeur à l’EnvA 2nd Assesseur Dr Lélia BERTONI Maître de Conférences à l’EnvA INVITÉS : Mme Sandrine HAON, Conservateur de la Bibliothèque de l’ENVA Dr Christophe DEGUEURCE, Directeur de l’ENVA Remerciements Au Président du jury Qui me fait l’honneur de présider mon jury de thèse, Respectueux hommage. A Monsieur le Professeur Henry Chateau, Qui m’a fait l’honneur d’accepter la direction de cette thèse atypique Pour votre collaboration à l’établissement de ce projet, Sincères remerciements. A Madame le Docteur Lélia Bertoni, Pour avoir accepté d’être mon assesseur, Ma profonde reconnaissance. A Madame Sandrine Haon, Pour tous vos conseils précieux tant sur le fond que sur la forme, toutes vos relectures attentives, tout le temps que vous avez accordé à ce travail, Ma très profonde gratitude. A Monsieur le Professeur Christophe Degueurce, Qui m’a fait l’honneur de me proposer ce sujet Pour votre passion de l’histoire des vétérinaires, Hommage reconnaissant. A Madame Jacqueline Mongellaz, Madame Estelle Geraud et Madame Nathalie Halgand, Sans qui cette thèse n’aurait jamais vu le jour et sans qui le Fonds Mourot n’existerait pas. Pour votre aide et votre disponibilité, Toute ma gratitude. A ma Maman pour son éternel soutien à tout moment (et ses multiples relectures !), A Jean-Jacques pour son amour inconditionnel, A mes frères, pour leur complicité et pour Zelda, A mon père pour sa présence, Aux petites chatonnes alforiennes pour ces 5 (premières) années, A Constance, Maylis, et aux filles de Dan, Clémence, Marie et aux autres de Ginette Merci d’être là ! Sommaire Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 9 I. Mise en contexte............................................................................................................... 11 1.1. André Mourot, vétérinaire militaire .......................................................................... 11 1.1.1. Biographie .......................................................................................................... 11 1.1.2. Oméga, son cheval d’Armes. .............................................................................. 13 1.2. La donation Mourot (Mourot, 1996) ......................................................................... 16 1.3. L’Armée du Levant : organisation, fonctionnement et contexte historique ............. 17 1.3.1. Contexte historique : la Syrie et le Liban sous occupation française ................. 17 1.3.2. Les services vétérinaires en campagne au Levant (Ministère de la Guerre, 1930) ............................................................................................................................ 19 1.3.3. Organisation du personnel et des locaux en 1936 (Mourot, 1937a) ................. 20 a) L’Hôpital et l’infirmerie vétérinaires ..................................................................... 21 b) La Maréchalerie ..................................................................................................... 23 c) L’uniforme, tenue vestimentaire des officiers vétérinaires (Mourot, 1996) ......... 24 II. Le quotidien d’André Mourot : rôles et actions du vétérinaire du 1er Régiment de Spahis marocains au Levant ................................................................................................................ 27 2.1. Médecine et autopsie ................................................................................................ 27 2.1.1. Gestion sanitaire des troupeaux ........................................................................ 27 2.1.2. Les dominantes pathologiques et leur prise en charge ..................................... 27 a) Affections locomotrices d’origine traumatique. .................................................... 30 b) Affections digestives .............................................................................................. 30 c) L’hémoglobinurie : un symptôme pour plusieurs affections ................................. 31 2.1.3. Autopsie ............................................................................................................. 32 2.2. Chirurgie et anesthésie .............................................................................................. 37 2.2.1. Principes généraux de chirurgie (Mourot, Date inconnue, f) ............................ 37 2.2.2. Principes généraux d’anesthésie ........................................................................ 38 a) Solution anesthésique et technique d’injection (Mourot, Date inconnue, d)....... 39 b) Anesthésie : durée et réveil ................................................................................... 39 c) Description de deux cas cliniques .......................................................................... 40 d) En l’absence d’anesthésie : la contention ............................................................. 40 2.2.3. Les interventions chirurgicales courantes. ......................................................... 42 1 a) Castration (Mourot, 1936) ..................................................................................... 42 b) Cautérisation .......................................................................................................... 44 c) Névrotomie : prise en charge des boiteries chroniques ........................................ 45 2.3. Inspection sanitaire ................................................................................................... 46 2.3.1. Déroulé de l’inspection ...................................................................................... 46 2.3.2. Les tentatives de fraude (Mourot, Date inconnue, h). ...................................... 47 a) Examen sur pied ..................................................................................................... 47 b) Examen abattu ....................................................................................................... 48 2.4. Conseil en élevage ..................................................................................................... 51 2.4.1. L’élevage de chevaux.......................................................................................... 52 a) La gestion des locaux ............................................................................................. 52 b) Le renouvellement ................................................................................................. 52 2.4.2. L’élevage de production : bovins et ovins .......................................................... 54 2.4.3. Denrées fourragères ........................................................................................... 56 III. Un objectif de transmission et d’avancée des connaissances ...................................... 57 3.1. La transmission d’instruments vétérinaires .............................................................. 57 3.2. Etude du cheval arabe (Mourot, 1935) ..................................................................... 63 3.2.1. Caractère morphologique généraux .................................................................. 63 3.2.2. Caractéristiques du cheval syrien....................................................................... 64 a) Précocité ................................................................................................................ 64 b) Durée moyenne d’utilisation. ................................................................................ 64 c) Aptitude à porter le poids ...................................................................................... 65 d) Capacité de rendement ......................................................................................... 66 3.2.3. Caractère – Tempérament. ................................................................................ 67 3.2.4. Hygiène alimentaire ........................................................................................... 67 3.2.5. Affection ............................................................................................................. 68 3.2.6. Croisements. ....................................................................................................... 68 3.3. Description des affections (Mourot, 1938) ............................................................... 71 3.3.1. Généralités ......................................................................................................... 71 3.3.2. Etiogénie ............................................................................................................. 71 3.3.3. Pathogénie.......................................................................................................... 72 a) Le siège anatomique du parasite ........................................................................... 72 2 b) Action pathogène ................................................................................................... 72 3.3.4. Symptomatologie générale ...............................................................................
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