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Home , Alfred von Schlieffen, Erich von Falkenhayn, Lavr Kornilov

Students: Throughout this competition, foreign Indiana Academic Super Bowl names and words may be used. If there are any discrepancies Social Studies Round between how a word/phrase should 2018 – Senior Division Coaches Practice be pronounced and what you see

A Program of the Indiana Association of School Principals on the screen, the screen supersedes what is spoken.

SD-CP-SS-1 SD-CP-SS-2 The following four autocratic empires was a war of “extraordinary intensity.” collapsed during World War I. Two were Three of the following statements help to explain considered by all observers to be in terminal that intensity. Which statement is FALSE? decline. Which one was considered to be on A. For the first time in history, battlefield the verge of disintegration by some observers injuries, not diseases, were the major killer. and a potential great power by others? B. Individual experiences of war assumed a collective identity A. the Austro-Hungarian Empire C. Neither weather nor seasons dictated B. the pauses in the fighting. C. the D. The unprecedented violence was D. the compressed into a conflict of just four years. SD-CP-SS-3 SD-CP-SS-4 In 1914, only one thing could have deterred In 1914, Germany’s war plan, linked to Chief of the General Staff Count , called for Germany from starting a general European war, Germany to concentrate its forces on the western front and it did not exist. What was that missing and made which of the following false assumptions about factor in the pre-war international system? ? A. British and French willingness to seek A. Austro-Hungarian military forces would overwhelm Russian help to deter Germany the poorly trained and armed Russian troops B. Demoralized by the prospect of a long war of B. Direct communication between the attrition, Russia would seek a negotiated peace German and Russian emperors C. Russian forces would be contained by Austro- C. Familiarity with the use of international Hungarian forces until France was defeated and conferences to maintain peace German troops moved to the eastern front D. A large standing British army with which to D. With a small and outmoded railroad system, Russia could not mobilize in time to threaten Germany and challenge German aggression to help France

SD-CP-SS-5 SD-CP-SS-6 Why, in the summer of 1916, was Chief of Staff Erich British, French, and German pre-war plans all von Falkenhayn forced to send German troops to featured two of the following concepts. Only the Eastern Front just as the Anglo-French offensive Germany had plans that included which one of the began on the Somme? following concepts? A. to force Russian troops out of and the A. constant offensives at strategic, operational, Russian government into negotiations and tactical levels B. to prevent Russian forces from completely B. deliberate violation of the neutrality of overwhelming the Austro-Hungarian army neighboring states C. to respond to an offensive by Russian forces C. fortified trenches that would withstand a long war of attrition under the command of General Lavr Kornilov D. precise and rapid movement of troops D. to stop Russian advances into East after the battles of Tannenberg and the Maurian Lakes SD-CP-SS-7 SD-CP-SS-8 According to , by Sept. 11, 1914, the In March, 1915, British and French diplomats chief of staff of this historic empire had broken his reluctantly gave in to Russia’s Foreign Minister army’s heart, and used it up in three weeks on the Sergei Sazonov’s demands for specific territorial Eastern Front. After unparalleled exertion, his multi- spoils of war. In doing so, they agreed that Czarist ethnic army was exhausted, its officers confused. A Russia would become a major power in which of the quarter of a million of his men were dead or wounded. following bodies of water after they defeated the Another 100,000 were prisoners. Which of the following Central Powers? was thus the first of the pre-war empires to lose its status as a great power? A. the eastern Mediterranean Sea A. the Austro-Hungarian Empire B. the North Sea B. the Ottoman Empire C. the western Pacific Ocean C. the Russian Empire D. southwest Asia D. the Spanish Empire

SD-CP-SS-9 SD-CP-SS-10 When America entered World War I on April 6, Three of the following phrases describe unique 1917, President Woodrow Wilson and the features of World War I in the Balkans. Which Congress was in effect briefly aligning the phrase describes the conflict in both the Balkans and elsewhere on the eastern and western fronts? United State with which one of the following Russian governments? A. belligerent states had recently fought short A. the autocratic government of Czar wars with each other Nicholas II B. campaigns were relatively short and usually B. the Bolshevik government led by Lenin decisive C. the military dictatorship of General C. diplomacy could be as decisive as military Aleksei Brusilov action D. the provisional government led by D. internal problems contributed to the Central Aleksandr Kerensky Powers defeat SD-CP-SS-11 SD-CP-SS-12 Partitioned by various belligerent military The Ottoman government’s secret alliance with forces during World War I, which small Germany in 1914 contributed which one of the independent Balkan state benefited from the following advantages to the Central Powers? efforts of occupying troops of all sides to A. control of a vast empire united by Islam and build roads, bridges, and railways? loyalty to the Turkish sultan/caliph B. domination of strategic waterways vital to Entente interests A. Albania C. a military force of three million well- B. Bosnia-Hercegovina equipped soldiers known for their tenacity C. Montenegro and stamina D. Serbia D. a network of modern railways linking Constantinople to vast areas of southwest Asia

SD-CP-SS-13 SD-CP-SS-14 Which one of the following men was the While Allied forces were overrunning other areas of 34-year old supreme commander of the the empire, the Ottoman military ignored German protests and attempted to reclaim territories that Ottoman Empire during the war years? the empire had lost in the 1870’s. In this last gasp A. Atatürk of Ottoman imperialism, the sultan’s “Army of Islam” successfully invaded and briefly occupied a B. Mustafa Kemal Pasha significant seaport on which of the following bodies C. Mehmet Talât Pasha of water from the fall of 1918? A. Adriatic Sea D. B. Caspian Sea C. Persian Gulf D. Red Sea SD-CP-SS-15 SD-CP-SS-16 By February, 1916, after World War I spread In what way did the war alter the economics of to Africa, Entente offensives had northern, tropical, and southern Africa? overpowered German military forces and colonial governments in three of the four A. Naval conflict disrupted Africa’s significant following areas. In which of the German volume of trade with Europe and America colonial areas did a costly and destructive B. Unions took advantage of war-time labor conflict continue until late 1918? shortages and gained significant influence A. German east Africa C. War-time demand stimulated investment B. Togoland in, and the growth of, industry and manufacturing C. Kameron D. War-time shortages led to inflation while D. southwest Africa the real wages of many workers declined.

SD-CP-SS-17 SD-CP-SS-18 The Germans resumed unrestricted submarine warfare on Three of the following statements accurately describes February 1, 1917 and quickly achieved spectacular success, Germany’s approach to economic warfare before and/or which peaked in the month of April. Allied losses to during World War I. Which one statement accurately submarines were never entirely eliminated, but they were describes Britain’s approach during the war? eventually brought to acceptable levels by the Allies A. disrupt enemy shipping and trade while countermeasures. Which of those countermeasures was maintaining direct and indirect trade with neutral most effective? states A. barrages of fixed nets fitted with mines in the English Channel B. intercept neutral cargoes including both absolute B. convoys of Allied merchant ships escorted by and conditional contraband specialized anti-submarine craft C. supplement domestic production with agricultural C. development and manufacture of sonar to locate and raw material wealth of conquered territory submarines underwater D. win a quick and decisive victory before exhausting D. raids on the canals leading to the German supplies of essential commodities submarine pens at Bruges SD-CP-SS-19 SD-CP-SS-20 As soon as World War I began, this European state Compared to other belligerent states, both adopted a policy of neutrality in spite of the pro- Britain and France were more dependent German and anti-Russian inclinations of its court, upon which of the following sources of armed forces, and political and intellectual elite. revenue to finance their war efforts? Identify this neutral state that supplied Germany with iron ore and used its geopolitical advantages to mitigate the impact of the Allies blockade of the A. foreign loans Central Powers until 1917. B. income taxes A. Denmark B. the C. publicly issued war bonds C. Sweden D. short-term treasury bills D. Switzerland

SD-CP-SS-21 SD-CP-SS-22 In the second half of World War I, which of Three of the following statements accurately the following economic issues became the describes the impact of wartime employment on fundamental concern in resource mobilization women. Which statement is FALSE? for Britain, France, and Germany? A. Male domination of secretarial and nursing occupations came to an end A. labor unrest in, and excess profits, of war industries B. Female physicians treated wounded soldiers in Europe and colonial theatres of war B. railroad and maritime supply systems C. Women significantly increased their earnings C. ratio of fire power to men on the front by taking unskilled or semi-skilled industrial lines jobs D. shortages of foodstuffs and raw D. Women were not allowed to work with toxic materials chemicals and dangerous explosives SD-CP-SS-23 SD-CP-SS-24 As a political movement before World The British should have learned all three of the War I, liberalism was most closely following lessons from the experiences on the Western Front in 1915. However, in planning the associated with which of the following 1916 , they ignored which viewpoints? lessons? A. attacking infantry needed to proceed quickly across no-man’s land A. economic equality B. no feasible measure of success for the B. non-violent political compromise attacker opened the way to a breakthrough C. public ownership of industries C. only huge concentrations of artillery could batter down well-prepared defenses D. universal adult suffrage D. all of the above

SD-CP-SS-25 SD-CP-SS-26 Unlike what the militaries’ professional In October, 1918, a mutiny in which of the officers expected before World War I, which following naval forces sparked a revolution of the following characteristics contributed which drove the wartime monarch from the LEAST to success and survival of World power? War I troops? A. the Austro-Hungarian armored cruisers A. discipline and obedience at Cattaro B. fortitude and determination B. the German High Sea Fleet at Kiel C. individual drive, initiative, and teamwork C. the Italian naval forces at Caporetto D. regimental loyalty or esprit de corps D. the Russian sailors at the Kronstadt naval base SD-CP-SS-27 SD-CP-SS-28 Within three months of approving the At the beginning of World War I, the national “September Programme” of general war aims, interests of which Entente power made it the Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann agreed least likely to support war aims that would with , the new German partition Germany and drastically curtail its commander-in-chief, that a German military economic and political influence? victory depended on accomplishing which of A. Britain the following? B. France A. defeating the Russian army C. Sweden B. destroying the English navy D. Russia C. dividing the Entente alliance D. occupying the city of

SD-CP-SS-29 SD-CP-SS-30 Three of the following statements accurately World War I generated a patriotic reaction that describe wartime goals of both the Entente and the overcame long-time religious divisions and Central Powers to safeguard their future national encouraged a reconciliation between Roman security against external dangers. Which statement Catholics and anti-Catholic governments in is the least accurate description of the objectives of which of the following countries? both alliances? A. to annex foreign territories and peoples B. to carve out spheres of influence within A. Austro-Hungarian Empire Europe B. Germany and France C. to portray the conflict to their people as a war C. the Russian Empire to end power D. The United States D. to restrict their enemies’ independent sovereign powers SD-CP-SS-31 SD-CP-SS-32 In the world’s first successful socialist The secret treaties between Britain, France, revolution, Lenin and the Bolsheviks reshaped and Russia seriously undermined which one the revolutionary process and leftist theories of Woodrow Wilson’s wartime policy of revolution by disassociating “proletarian objectives? power” from which of the following? A. formation of a League of Nations A. B. guarantees of freedom of the seas B. dictatorship C. removal of Lenin’s Bolshevik regime in C. pacifism Russia D. permanent revolution D. territorial settlements based upon national self-determination

SD-CP-SS-33 SD-CP-SS-34 As part of the Hundred Days Offensive that broke the The United States declaration of war on April German military forces in 1918, the American 6, 1917 was the culmination of long-term Expeditionary Force engaged in the largest and bloodiest American operation in World War I costing foreign policy trends that included the 28,000 German lives and 26,000 American lives. recognition of a vital Anglo-American interest Where did this battle take place from September 26 in opposing expansionist powers in which of until the Armistice of November 11, 1918? the following areas? A. along the Yser Canal and Iperlee River in A. Africa B. between the Argonne Forest and the B. Eurasia Meuse River C. Latin America C. at Belleau Wood and Chateau Thierry D. all of the above D. in the Saint-Mihiel salient SD-CP-SS-35 SD-CP-SS-36 Which of the following statements accurately Field Marshall and General Erich reflects the financial relationship between Ludendorff were pleased with the success of their new defensive strategy in meeting two of the following Britain and the United States by November, Entente attacks in 1917. However, the indecisive 1916? outcome of which offensive did expose a significant A. the American economy had become weakness in the Central Powers military capabilities? dependent upon an Entente victory A. British General Douglas Haig’s attack in Flanders against Messines and Ypres B. the British war effort had become B. French General Robert Nivelle’s offensive on the dependent upon American loans Siegfried (Hindenburg) Line C. both A and B C. Italian General Luigi’s storming of Austro- Hungarian positions along the Isonzo River D. neither A nor B D. Russian General Brusilov’s offensive to retake eastern Galicia

SD-CP-SS-37 SD-CP-SS-38 On March 21, 1918, with Germany facing the What was the most significant new very real possibility of military defeat, the development in military aircraft in 1915? military leadership played the Reich’s “last A. dirigibles that could evade aerial card” and began a desperate attempt to do interception and carry large numbers of which of the following while victory was still bombs possible? B. fast, maneuverable fighter planes with A. annihilate the British army in France fixed forward-firing machine guns B. break through the French army C. large, long-range strategic bombers protecting Paris D. light reconnaissance aircraft that C. overrun the newly arrived American photographed artillery installations Expeditionary Force D. all of the above SD-CP-SS-39 SD-CP-SS-40 Though no wartime experience proved its In 1918, the General ’s spring effectiveness, the concept of strategic bombing was offensives all ran out of energy after initial successes, embraced by many practitioners and theorists of and the French counter-offensive at the shifted aviation. They assumed that the vulnerability to the balance of the war against the German army. massive aerial bombardment of which of the Three of the following statements accurately describe following could determine the outcome of future factors that contributed to the German failure and the wars? French success. Which statement is FALSE? A. battleships and naval bases A. the French knew the secret date of the German B. cities and their civilian populations offensive C. infantry forces and tanks B. the influenza epidemic hit the German army C. the German army was starting to run out of D. massive fortified artillery positions artillery D. with the arrival of AEF, Allied troops outnumbered German troops

SD-CP-SS-41 SD-CP-SS-42 Why did General Erich Ludendorff Which of the following statements accurately recommend to Paul von describes the Covenant of League of Nations Hindenburg that Germany seek an armistice that was approved at the Versailles Conference? with the Allies and end the war? A. encouraged disarmament by outlawing A. to preclude a leftist revolution in war Germany B. reinforced Woodrow Wilson’s image as a peacemaker among Germans B. to prevent a destructive invasion of Germany C. relied on member states to enforce its provisions C. to save the dwindling German army D. restored the European balance of power D. to stop Allied bombing of German cities system and industries SD-CP-SS-43 SD-CP-SS-44 Two of the following statements describe America’s Though Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau had President Woodrow Wilson at the Versailles achieved a significant diplomatic victory at the Versailles Conference. One statement describes both Wilson Conference, all of the following events worked against and Britain’s Prime Minister David Lloyd George. his success and France’s security interests. Which one Which statement describes only Lloyd George? of the events most seriously undermined French national security in postwar Europe? A. had secured his most important diplomatic A. the creation of a large Polish state incorporating a goals before the Conference began significant German population B. looked forward to the reemergence of B. France’s acceptance of a 15-year allied Germany as a peaceful and prosperous state occupation of the Rhineland C. regarded World War I as a crime against C. the loss of Britain’s guarantee to defend France humanity from an unprovoked German attack D. was preoccupied with the League of Nations D. the United States Senate’s refusal to ratify the Treaty

SD-CP-SS-45 SD-CP-SS-46 When the peace negotiations turned to the issue of war After fierce quarrels between David Lloyd reparations, Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George, and Georges Clemenceau staked out very different positions. George and Georges Clemenceau, the 1920 Which of the following statements accurately describes Treaty of Sevres established peace between Woodrow Wilson’s original position as the Big Three began the Allies and the Ottoman Empire, and gave to discuss Germany’s financial liability? control of which of the following Turkish A. the final amount of German reparations should be determined by an inter-allied commission in 1921 territories to France? B. Germany’s liability should be limited to a set amount A. Albania of damages done to civilians to be paid within a fixed time period B. the Hijaz (Saudi Arabia) C. Germany should be forced to pay the $10.3 billion C. Mesopotamia (Iraq) and allied debt owed to the United States D. reparations should include the cost of military D. Syria and Lebanon pensions for allied veterans SD-CP-SS-47 SD-CP-SS-48 Woodrow Wilson opposed efforts by In the east, World War I was not followed by a which of the following states to include period of peace. Violence continued on a massive scale in territories of three of the following prewar a racial equality clause in the Covenant empires. In which empire did a stable successor of the League of Nations? state emerge in relative peace after a popular revolution toppled the monarchy and the new A. socialists government and the military forcefully put B. Japan down a brief communist uprising? C. Turkey A. the Austro-Hungarian Empire B. the Germany Empire D. Saudi Arabia C. the Ottoman Empire D. the Russian Empire

SD-CP-SS-49 SD-CP-SS-50 Claiming that it was a “mutilated victory” in which Three of the following statements accurately their World War I allies had denied them control of describes the right-wing paramilitary subcultures the port city of Fiume and territories on the that developed in post-war Germany, Austria, and Dalmation Coast, nationalists in which of the Hungary. Which statements if FALSE? following states formed fascist para-militaries that A. included junior ex-officers who had been threatened the peace and stability of southern education and trained in imperial academies Europe in the 1920’s? B. leadership dominated by aristocratic generals A. Greece and colonels of the former imperial regimes B. C. many of the activists came from rural border C. Spain regions with notions of embattled ethnicity D. Yugoslavia D. rejected the armistice as an injustice imposed upon “militarily undefeated” states SD-CP-SS-51 SD-CP-SS-52 Pictured are four of the most important revolutionaries to Which one of the following Romanovs emerge from the chaos of World War I. Ataturk of Turkey, of Russia, Bela Kuhn of Hungary, and czars ruled Russia in 1914 when World Lenin of Russia. Which is a portrait of Lenin, the leader of War I began and was overthrown in the the Russian Bolshevik Revolution? of 1917? A. Alexander II B. Nicholas I

Portrait 1 Portrait 2 Portrait 3 Portrait 4 C. Nicholas II A. Portrait 1 B. Portrait 2 D. Peter III C. Portrait 3 D. Portrait 4

SD-CP-SS-53 SD-CP-SS-54 On this map of postwar Europe, which arrow This French poster proclaims “Japan joins in the fights against the barbarians!” It honors the Japanese navy’s help in doing which of the points to the independent Republic of following? ? A. blockading German ports A. Arrow A B. participating in the Battle of Jutland B. Arrow B C. transporting Allied troops C. Arrow C D. winning the Battle of the D. Arrow D Falklands SD-CP-SS-55 In the summer of 1917, which of the following events in Russia was the immediate result of the July Russian offensive on the eastern front? A. Alexander Kerensky and the provisional government agreed to an armistice with the End of Social Studies Round German government B. Commander-in-Chief Lavr Kornilov conspired to overthrow the civilian government C. Czar Nicholas II abdicated as his army and government collapsed D. Lenin and the Bolsheviks seized control of Senior Super Bowl Area Contest - April 17, 2018 Moscow and overthrew the provisional government

SD Social Studies Coaches Practice Answer Key: 1. C 11. A 21. C 31. A 41. C 51. D 2. D 12. B 22. D 32. D 42. C 52. C 3. D 13. D 23. B 33. B 43. A 53. A 4. C 14. B 24. D 34. B 44. D 54. C 5. B 15. A 25. A 35. C 45. B 55. B 6. B 16. D 26. B 36. C 46. D 7. A 17. B 27. C 37. A 47. B 8. A 18. B 28. A 38. B 48. B 9. D 19. C 29. A 39. B 49. B 10. D 20. A 30. B 40. D 50. B