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Index
Note to the reader: Throughout this index boldfaced page numbers indicate primary discussions of a topic. Italicized page numbers indicate illustrations.
“404 - Document not Found” error Symbols & Numbers message, 129 & (ampersand) in attribute values, 625 for character entities, 643 A (nonbreaking spaces) tag. See anchor element for empty table cell, 353 abbr attribute for indentation, 87, 277, 277 of td element, 830 for vertical white space, 204 of th element, 842 # (number sign) abbr element, 662–663 in hyperlinks, 109, 659 above attribute, of layer element, 760 for id selector in style, 525 absolute size for font, 876 " (quotation marks), for attribute values, absolute URLs, 119–120 49, 53 absolute width for frame column, 244 * (asterisk) accept attribute to set frame column width, 244–245 of form element, 720 to set table column width, 373–374 of input element, 557, 748 .. (parent directory), 121 for file fields, 569 /* and */, for style sheet comments, 866 accept-charset attribute, of form / (slash), for directories, 121 element, 720 @page element, for printed media style access logs, ISP maintenance of, 137 sheets (CSS2), 915 accessibility _blank target for link, 258, 266 alt attribute and, 306 _parent target forCOPYRIGHTED link, 258 aural MATERIAL style sheet, 536–537 _self target for link, 258–259 color and, 94 _top target for link, 259, 266 planning for, 177–186 for comments, 656 adaptive technologies, 181–184 < > (angle brackets), for element need to address issues, names, 48 177–181 . See DOCTYPE declaration page layout, 184–185 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 922
922 accesskey attribute—align attribute
screen enlargers, 183–184, 184 AIFF (Audio Interchange File screen readers, 182–183 Format), 474 of tables, 374 Alchemy Mindwork, GIF Construction Set, 328 text as graphics and, 385 align attribute accesskey attribute of applet element, 666–667 of anchor element, 113, 657 of area element, 670 of caption element, 691 of button element, 688 of col element, 696 of embed element, 715 of colgroup element, 699 of input element, 748 of column group element, 364 of label element, 758 of div element, 708 of legend element, 764 of embed element, 715–716 of select element, 809 of hn elements, 78, 79, 731 of textarea element, 836 of hr element, 92, 206, 733 ACDSee, 328 of iframe element, 262, 738 acronym element, 228, 231, 663–664 of image element (), 307–311, 742 action attribute of form element, 554, 576, 577, 721 of input element, 748 mailto URL, 585 of legend element, 764 active links, color of, 96 of object element, 480, 787 :active pseudoclass, 868 order of precedence in table active regions, on imagemaps, 318 elements, 372 ActiveX controls, 485 of p element, 75–76, 201–202, 799 for Internet Explorer, 431 of spacer element, 813 adaptive technologies, 181–184 of table data element (
alignment—ASCII 923
alignment and other HTML elements, of text fields on forms, 560 115–119 of text, text-align property for, 882 rel attribute, 112 alink attribute, of body element, 96, rev attribute, 112 97, 682 target attribute, 111 alt attribute title attribute, 105–108 of applet element, 667 anchor text, 103–104 of area element, 670 italics character formatting for, of image element (), 116–117 301–306, 470, 742–743 Andreessen, Marc, 6 image size restriction on display, angle brackets (< >), for element 311–312 names, 48 for menus, 175 Animagic, 328 reasons for use, 302 animated GIFs, 325–326, of input element, 748–749 468–471, 469 Amaya (browser), 38, 39 animation. See Flash animations; America Online, 12 multimedia American Foundation for the Blind, 177 Animation Shop (Jasc), 328, 468, 470 ampersand (&) anti-aliasing, 384 in attribute values, 625 antivirus software, 143 for character entities, 643 Apache server, 145 anchor element (), 102, 216, Apple QuickTime plug-in, 431, 657–662 465–466 accesskey attribute, 113 applet element, 666–670 dir attribute, 113–114 deprecation, 74, 480, 651 event attributes, 115 archive attribute for external links, 102–115 of applet element, 667 href attribute, 102–105 of object element, 480, 788 id attribute, 114–115 area element, 670–673 keyboard shortcuts for, 112–113 for imagemap, 318 lang attribute, 113–114 target attribute, 255 name attribute, 108–110 Arial Narrow, 399, 402 link to jump to, 124–128 Arial typeface, 392 for table of contents creation, ARPAnet, 5 126–128 arrays, 638 onmouseover attribute for, 107 ASCII, 627–628 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 924
924 ascii command (FTP)—Base module (XHTML)
ascii command (FTP), 147 background attribute asterisk (*) of body element, 682–683 to set frame column width, 244–245 of layer element, 761 to set table column width, 373–374 of table element, 360, 823 attribute nodes in DOM, 593 of td element, 831 attributes, 42, 42, 46–47 of th element, 843 common, 47, 653 background color, 95 deprecation, 652 for master document, 187–190 generic, 200–201 matching image background to, 323 quotation marks (") for, 49, 53, of table row element, 352 199–200 background-color property (CSS), for tables, 286–287 529, 906 for tr element, 291 background-image property (CSS), 529, typing correctly, 48–55 906–907 guidelines, 50 background-position property (CSS), 907–909 for XHTML, 51–55, 623 background property (CSS), 529, values for, 52–53 904–905 in XML, 638, 642 background-repeat property (CSS), 529, AU (Basic AUdio), 474 530, 909 audience. See users background sound, 472, 677 audience analysis, 160 backup files audio. See sounds from ISP, 138 Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF), 474 for web server, 145 aural style sheet, 536–537 backward compatibility author, as meta information, 69 DOCTYPE declaration and, 594 AVI (Audio Video Interleave), 476 of HTML versions, 650 axis attribute badges, 330 of td element, 831 balloon help, to display anchor title, of th element, 842 105, 106 bandwidth, as design factor, 26–28 B banners, 330 b element (bold), 89, 223, 401, base element, 70, 674–675 673–674 to prevent frames from external vs. strong element, 230 links, 266 background-attachment property to set default target frame, 255–257 (CSS), 905 Base module (XHTML), 620 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 925
), of table element, 355, 823–824 91–92, 92, 206–208, of table row element (
) Bi-directional Text module preformatted element (
), 76, (XHTML), 619 76, 212–213, 387, 802–804 bidirectional override element (), vs. teletype element, 226 219, 676–677 table element, 205. See also table big element, 225, 677–679 element binary command (FTP), 147 blockquote element, 76, 211, 211–212, binary files, 627 272, 680–682 bitmap, 321 embedded style sheet for, 394, 395 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 926926 blur radius, for text shadow—box border properties (CSS)
inline style sheet for, 394, 394 of object element, 481, 788 style element for, 527–528, 528 of table element, 287, 339, blur radius, for text shadow, 884 346–347, 347, 824 bordercolor attribute BMP (Windows Bitmap) format, 321–322 of frame element, 250, 723–724 of frameset element, Bodoni typeface, bold, 399 248–249, 727 body element, 71, 197, 682–686 of table element, 824 bgcolor attribute, 95 of td element, 832 frameset element and, 239–240 of th element, 843 leftmargin attribute, 432–433 of tr element, 852 lists, 214 bordercolordark attribute serif typefaces for, 396, 396 of table element, 824 of td element, 832 style element of th element, 843 to set background, 529 of tr element, 852 to set font, 516 bordercolorlight attribute text and link color attributes, 96 of table element, 824 text color, 96 of td element, 832 text-level elements, 215–222 of th element, 844 topmargin attribute, 432–433 of tr element, 852 bold element (), 89–90, 223, 401, bottom alignment 673–674 of inline images, 307 vs. strong element, 230 for table cells and rows, 354 bookmarking files, 62–63 bottom property (CSS), 539, 910 Boutin, Paul, 422 frames and, 238 box border properties (CSS), 526–528, border. See also box border properties 891–898 CSS2 properties, 897–898 border-bottom property, 891–892 of frame, removing, 249–250 border-bottom-width property, 892 for image as link, 317 border-color property, 892–893 for tables border-left property, 893 empty cells, 353 border-left-width property, frame and rules attributes, 893–894 369–372 border property, 891 width for image element (), border-right property, 894 313–314 border attribute border-right-width property, 894 of frameset element, 727 border-style property, 894–895 of image element (), 743 border-top property, 896 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 927
box margin properties (CSS)—caption of table 927
border-top-width property, 896 detection of, 439–444, 592 border-width property, 896–897 tutorial, 440 box margin properties (CSS), 526–528, display variations, 38, 39 898–901 document structure elements margin-bottom property, 899 and, 63 margin-left property, 899–900 frames and, 237 margin property, 898–899 image scaling, 313, 313 margin-right property, 900 link color in, 104 margin-top property, 900–901 markup extensions, 56–57 box padding properties (CSS), 887–890 new window from target padding-bottom property, 889 attribute, 111 padding-left property, 889 opening web documents in, 62–63 padding property, 888 support for elements and attributes, 652 padding-right property, 890 testing HTML on multiple, 14, padding-top property, 890 35, 40 box position properties (CSS) title bar contents, 68 clear property, 901–902 turning off graphics, 303–305 float property, 902 unframing pages in, 266–267 height property, 902–903 for uploading web page files, 151 width property, 903–904 use statistics, 13 br element. See line break element variations in heading display, 78 (
) XHTML compatibility with older, brainstorming, 18 624–625 branding, as visual navigation clue, bulleted lists. See unordered lists 22–23, 23 business accounts on ISP, 138–141 breadcrumb trail, 155, 170 button element, 219, 687–690 as visual navigation clue, 22–23, 24 for Submit and Reset buttons, 556 breaking text lines, 93 broken links, checking for, 158 browser-safe palette page, 329 C capacity of web server, 144 browser wars, 13 capitalized text, text-transform property browsers, 6, 12–14, 37–40 for, 885 Cascading Style Sheets support, caption element, 336, 351–353, 381, 388, 488 690–692 changing behavior, 107 and accessibility, 374 compatibility, 420 caption of table, 334 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 928928 Cascading Style Sheets—Cascading Style Sheets
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), 9, 633 border property, 891 associating with document, 493–506 border-right property, 894 applying to parts of documents, border-right-width 501–504 property, 894 embedded, 389, 394, 395, border-style property, 894–895 493–495 border-top property, 896 external, 496, 496–501. border-top-width property, 896 See also external style sheets border-width property, 896–897 importing, 497, 497–499 box margin properties, 898–901 inline, 388–389, 393, margin-bottom property, 899 393–394, 504–505 margin-left property, 899–900 linked, 389 margin property, 898–899 links to style sheets, 499–501 margin-right property, 900 background and color properties, 528–530, 904–910 margin-top property, 900–901 background-attachment box padding properties, 887–890 property, 905 padding-bottom property, 889 background-color property, 906 padding-left property, 889 background-image property, padding property, 888 906–907 padding-right property, 890 background-position property, padding-top property, 890 907–909 box position properties background property, 904–905 clear property, 901–902 background-repeat float property, property, 909 902 height property, color property, 910 902–903 border properties, version 2.0 width property, 903–904 release, 897–898 cascading explained, 505–506 box border properties, 891–898 vs. character formatting, 91 border-bottom property, classes, 501, 501–504 891–892 generic style, 523 border-bottom-width development, 506–515 property, 892 colors specified, 511–515 border-color property, measurements specified, 892–893 510–511 border-left property, 893 tips, 509–510 border-left-width property, font properties, 515–521, 872–879 893–894 font-family property, 874–875 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 929
Cascading Style Sheets—Cascading Style Sheets 929
font property, 873–874 right property, 913–914 font-size property, 875–877 top property, 914 font-style property, 877 visibility property, 914 font-variant property, 878 z-index property, 914–915 font-weight property, 878–879 printed media style sheets, general information, 863–871 537–538, 915–920 categories, 864–865 @page element, 915 color, 869–871 margin-bottom property, 916 comments, 866 margin-left property, 916–917 inherit values, 869 margin property, 915–916 lengths, 871–872 margin-right property, 917 pseudoclasses, 517–518, margin-top property, 917–918 867–868 marks property, 918 selectors, 866–867 orphans property, 918 how it works, 488–492 page-break-after property, advantages, 489–490 918–919 implementing, 492 page-break-before property, 919 level 1, 490 page-break-inside property, 919 level 2, 490–491, 537 page property, 918 level 3 and beyond, 491–492 size property, 920 ids, 525 widows property, 920 for image borders, 314 property settings, 515–540 Internet Explorer version 6 support aural style sheet, 536–537 for, 424 for boxes, 526–528 for links for classifications, 530–536 color, 118 style attribute to use, 47 hovering, 433–436 style element to contain in Netscape Navigator, 453–456 information, 70 Netscape Navigator support for, 448 syntax, 390 planning for, 156 text properties, 521–526, 879–887 positioning properties, 538–540, letter-spacing property, 910–915 879–880 bottom property, 910 line-height property, 880–881 clear property, 911 outline property, 881 clip property, 911 text-align property, 882 float property, 911–912 text-decoration property, left property, 912 882–883 overflow property, 912–913 text-indent property, 883–884 position property, 913 text-shadow property, 884–885 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 930
930 case sensitivity—charoff attribute
text-transform property, 885 center element, 210, 692 vertical-align property, 885–887 deprecation, 74, 210, 651 word-spacing property, 887 centimeters, to size font, 407, 510 and typography, 388–390 Century Schoolbook typeface, 396 color and, 409–410 italicized, 399 example, 414–415, 415 cgiemail for form processing, and font families and faces, 581–585 393–398 CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile), kerning, 408 321–322 leading for type, 408 char attribute and type form, 401–403 of col element, 696 and type size, 407–408 of colgroup element, 699 web resources, 498, 864 of tbody element, 828 case sensitivity of td element, 832 of anchor names, 125 of tfoot element, 840 of FTP user ID and password, 149 of th element, 844 HTML vs. XHTML, 31, 50, 54, of thead element, 848–849 338, 623 of tr element, 853 of target names, 258 character data, in XML, 640–641 of XML element names, 637 character encoding, 625 cataracts, 179, 180 character sets, 386–387 categories, organizing information into, 15 characters cd command (FTP), 147 formatting, 89–90 CDATA block, 640 vs. Cascading Style Sheets cell elements, 353 (CSS), 91 cellpadding attribute, of table element, spacing between, 879–880 287, 349, 349, 825 table content alignment by, 372 cells in tables, 285, 334. See also table charoff attribute data element (
) of col element, 696 border of, 347 creating empty with border, 353 of colgroup element, 699 merging, 356–357 of tbody element, 829 cellspacing attribute, of table element, of td element, 833 287, 348, 348–349, 825 of tfoot element, 840 center alignment of th element, 844 for table cells and rows, 353 of thead element, 849 of table element, 345, 350 of tr element, 853 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 931 charset attribute—class attribute 931
charset attribute, 114 of dd element, 702 of anchor element, 658 of del element, 703 of link element, 770 of dfn element, 705 of script element, 807 of dir element, 706–707 check boxes on forms, 549, of div element, 709 564–566, 566 of dl element, 710 vs. other controls, 550 of dt element, 712 checked attribute of input element, 749 of em element, 713 for check box, 565 of fieldset element, 717–718 for radio button, 562 of form element, 721 Chicago Manual of Style, 156 of frame element, 724 child element, 54 of frameset element, 728 child framesets, 248 of hn elements, 731 citation element (), 89, 228, 231, of hr element, 733 693–694 cite attribute of i element (), 737 of blockquote element, 212, 680 of image element (), 315, 743 of del element, 232, 703 of input element, 749 of ins element, 232, 754 of ins element, 754 of q element, 804 of kdb element, 756–757 class attribute, 47, 200, 502 of label element, 758 of abbr element, 662 of legend element, 764–765 of acronym element, 663–664 of li element, 766 of address element, 665 of map element, 773 of anchor element, 658 of menu element, 778 of area element, 670–671 of nobr element, 783 of b element, 673 of noframes element, 784 of big element, 678 of noscript element, 785 of blink element, 679 of object element, 481, 789 of blockquote element, 680–681 of ol element, 793 of body element, 683 of optgroup element, 795 of br element, 686 of option element, 797 of button element, 688 of p element, 502–503, 800 of caption element, 691 of pre element, 802 of cite element, 693 of q element, 804 of code element, 694 of samp element, 806 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 932
932 .class file extension—color
of select element, 809 clip attribute, of layer element, 761–762 of small element, 811 clip property (CSS), 911 of span element, 814 close command (FTP), 147 of strike element, 815 closing tags, 48–49 of strong element, 817 in tables, 338 of sub element, 820 in XHTML, 51–52, 623 of sup element, 821–822 CNET’s Builder.com, 57 of table element, 825 cobwebs, 130 of tbody element, 829 code attribute, of applet element, 667 of td element, 833 code element, 89, 228–229, 231, of textarea element, 837 694–695 of tfoot element, 840 codebase attribute of th element, 844 of applet element, 667–668 of thead element, 849 of object element, 481, 788 of tr element, 853 codetype attribute, of object element, 481, 789 of tt element, 855
tag. See column element ( ) of u element, 856 tag. See column group of ul element, 857–858 element ( ) of var element, 860 collapsible document, creation, .class file extension, 478 599–608 classes in CSS, 501–504, 507, 508 color, 93–97 applying to elements, 502–503 background, 95 generic style, 523 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) for, classid attribute, of object element, 481, 511–515, 869–871 788, 789 background setting, 906 classification properties (CSS), based on operating system, 871 530–536 dithering vs. nondithering, 190 clear attribute, of br element, , 310 of element border, border-color 686–687 property for, 892–893 clear property (CSS), 526, , 901–902 911 of frame border, 248–249, 250 client/server relationship, in World GIF limitations, 319 Wide Web, 11–12 high-contrast, 185 Client-side Image Map module (XHTML), 620 JavaScript to change, 596–597 client-side imagemap, 318 of links, 104, 117 clip art collections, 330 for master document, 191 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 933 color attribute—coordinates, for element placement 933
for text shadow, 885 Comma Separated Values (CSV), 628 as visual navigation clue, 22–23 comment tags in web typography, 96–97, 408–410 for, 656 in graphics, 408 in Cascading Style Sheets and HTML, 409 (CSS), 866 and style sheets, 409–410 in style element, 435, 454, 494–495 color attribute in XML, 636, 639 of basefont element, 675 common attributes, 47, 653 of font element, 98, 99, 719 compact attribute of hr element, 207, 734 of dir element, 707 color blindness, 179 of dl element, 710 and color for tables, 355 of li element, 766 color depth, testing page with of menu element, 778–779 different, 190 of ol element, 84, 793 color palettes, 329 of ul element, 84, 858 color property (CSS), 529, 910 company interests, and information cols attribute content planning, 163–164 of frameset element, 244–245, 728 reconciling with user needs, 164–165 of multicol element, 782 competition, web sites of, and of table element, 369, 825 planning, 162 of textarea element, 571, 837 CompuServe, 319 colspan attribute Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM), of table data element (
), 291, 321–322 , 356–357, 833 292 computer hackers, risks from, 142–144 of th element, 845 concept art, 18–19 column element ( ), 363, 365–366, consistency in navigation, 20, 20–21 695–698 content attribute, of meta element, width attribute, 373 69, 780 limitations in setting, 374 controls attribute, of image element column group element ( ), (), 743 363–365, 698–701 controls in forms, 549–550, 550. example, 375–376, 377 See also input element span attribute, 364 cookies columns in tables, 288–292, 334 in Internet Explorer, 429–430 in HTML 4.01 and XHTML model, in Netscape Navigator, 459, 459 363–366 coordinates, for element placement, 9 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 934 934 coords attribute—dir element
coords attribute decorative type, 397, 398 of anchor element, 658 dedicated web server, 142 of area element, 671 default setting copyright for background color, 95 and graphics use, 331 for fonts, 98, 392 information in alternate text, 306 for targeted links, 255–257 CorelDRAW, 327 default web pages, 122–123 corporate server, for web publishing, 141 Defense Agency Research Projects Courier New typeface, 392 Administration (DARPA), 5 Courier typeface, 222, 398 defer attribute, of script element, 807 CSS. See Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) definition element (), 229, 231, 705–706 .css file extension, 389 definition lists, 87–88, 88, 214 CSV (Comma Separated Values), 628 del element, 231–233, 703–705 cursive typefaces, 397, 397, 875 Deneba, 327 Cursor Arts, 457 deprecated attributes, 652 D name attribute, 114 DARPA (Defense Agency Research deprecated elements, 73–74, 154, 650 Projects Administration), 5 font element, 385 dashed border, 895 in XHTML, 651–652 data attribute, of object element, design. See also interactive design 481, 789 of forms, 546–548 databases detection of browsers, 439–444 information transfer between tutorial, 440 different, 628–629 dfn element. See definition element to process form responses, 580 () datetime attribute DHTML (Dynamic HTML). See dynamic of del element, 232–233, 704 (X)HTML of ins element, 232–233, 754–755 diabetic retinopathy, 179, 180 dd element, 87–88, 701–703 dial-up connections, for multimedia DeBabelizer, 328 testing, 471 dir attribute, 47, 200, 653 declaration. See also DOCTYPE declaration of anchor element, 113–114 in CSS, 507, 508 of image element (), 315 in XML, 645–646 dir element, 82, 706–708 declare attribute, of object element, 789 deprecation, 74, 651 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 935
direction attribute, of marquee element—dynamic (X)HTML 935
direction attribute, of marquee Netscape Navigator version 6 element, 775 support for, 447, 448 directories original and proprietary, for graphics, 301 590–592 planning, 155 document structure elements, 63–71 for relative URLs, 120, 121–122 body element. See body element disabled attribute head element, 67–70, 732–733 of button element, 688 html element, 67, 615, 735–736 of input element, 749 meta element, 69–70, 780–781 of label element, 758 title element, 68–69, 850 of optgroup element, 795 document type definition (DTD), 64–65, of option element, 797 425, 633 of select element, 809 documentation, HTML/XHTML of textarea element, 837 for, 30 display property (CSS), 531 documents. See also web pages dithering, 94, 190, 328 for frames, 236 color palettes without, 329 placing in frames, 249–252 division element (
), 199, 208–210, domain name 209, 502, 708–710 advantages, 138 to apply classes, 503–504 registration, 140–141 for centering table, 287 “dot-dot” notation, 121 vs. span element, 390 dotted border, 895 dl element, 87–88, 214, 710–711 double border, 895 Doctor HTML, 131 download time, for graphical DOCTYPE declaration, 64–66, navigation, 173 656–657 Dreamweaver (Macromedia) backward compatibility and, 594 templates for, 297 for frameset document, 239 for uploading web page files, Internet Explorer use, 425–426 151, 151 Netscape Navigator use of, 449 dt element, 87–88, 214, 712–713 Document Object Model (DOM), DTD (document type definition), 64–65, 590–595 425, 633, 651 Internet Explorer version 6 support for, 424 dynamic information, 158 level 1 and 6th generation browsers, dynamic (X)HTML, 8–9, 587 592–595 collapsible document creation, node types, 593 599–608 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 936936 dynsrc attribute—Extensible Stylesheet Language
Document Object Model (DOM), typing correctly, 48–55 590–595 for XHTML, 51–55 level 1 and 6th generation unique name for, 47 browsers, 592–595 in XML, 637–638 original and proprietary, Emacspeak, 536 590–592 embed element, 714–717 standard implementation, 595–599 embedded fonts, 382 what it is, 588–599 embedded style sheets, 389, 493–495 dynsrc attribute, of image element font-family, 394, 395 (), 743 emphasis element (), 89, 229, 231, 401, 713–714 E empty elements, 49–50, 198 e-mail, to process form responses, 579 anchor element, 125 ECMAScript column element (
) as, 365 Internet Explorer version 6 support in XHTML, 52, 624 for, 424–425 in XML, 637 Netscape Navigator version 6 ems, to size font, 407, 510 support for, 448 encoding attribute, of XML Edit menu (Netscape) >> declaration, 645 Preferences, 303 enctype attribute, of form element, 721 Edit module (XHTML), 619, 622 Engelbart, Douglas, 4 element nodes in DOM, 593 entities, in alternate text, 306 elements, 42, 42, 45–46. entity references in XML, 642–644 See also specific elements character entities, 642–643 angle brackets (< >) for, 48 mixed-content entities, 643–644 applying classes to, 502–503 error messages, “404 - Document not in arrays, 599 Found”, 129 character formatting, 89–90 event attributes coordinates for placement, 9 for anchor element, 115 deprecated, 73–74, 154, 650 in HTML 4.01, 107 in XHTML, 651–652 of image element (), 316 empty, 49–50 event handlers, 653–656 in XHTML, 52 ex unit, to size font, 510 formatting, 93–99 Extensible Markup Language (XML). See XML (Extensible Markup color, 93–97 Language) fonts and font sizes, 98–99, 100 Extensible Stylesheet Language nesting, 50–51, 54 (XSL), 633 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 937 Extensis PhotoTools—font element 937
Extensis PhotoTools, 326 PNG file format, 321 external entities, 644 progressive JPEG, 322–323 external links, 101 TIFF file format, 321 absence of named anchor elements portability, 629–631 in, 110 proprietary, 628–629 broken, 129 for sound, 473–475 testing and replacing, 130 text vs. binary, 628 creating, 102–115 for video, 476 unframing pages for, 265–266 file names, for web documents, 61 verification tools, 131–132 file structure, planning for, 155 external style sheets, 496, 496–501 File Transfer Protocol (FTP). See FTP document linked to, 532–534 (File Transfer Protocol) example, 534–536 firewall, and risk to web server, 143 imported style sheets, 497, 497–499 :first-child pseudoclass, 868 linked style sheets, 389, 499, :first-letter pseudoclass, 868 499–501 :first-line pseudoclass, 868 :first pseudoclass, 868 F fixed-width font, 90 face attribute Flanders, Vincent, Son of Web Pages That Suck, 107, 285 of basefont element, 676 Flash animations, 478, 479 of font element, 98, 221–222, 392, 400, 719 availability on user machines, 464 float property (CSS), 526, 528, 539, fantasy typefaces, 397, 398, 875 902, 911–912 Favicon, 457 floating elements, clear property to Favorites icon, adding to web pages, 436 control location, 901–902 favorites, setting files as, 62–63 floating images, 307 Fetch for Macintosh, 148 creating, 309–311, 310 fieldset element, 214, 563–564, 717–718 :focus pseudoclass, 868 file fields on forms, 568–570 folders. See directories file formats font element, 98–99, 220–222, for graphics, 301, 319–326 385–386, 718–720 animated GIFs, 325–326 color attribute, 409 GIF file format, 319–320 for color coding links, 117–118 interlaced GIFs, 322–323 deprecation, 74, 98, 651 JPEG file format, 320–321 face attribute, 221–222, 400 other options, 321–322 size attribute, 220, 220, 405–406 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 938
938 font families and faces—frame element
font families and faces, 98–99, 100, creation, 548–576 390–398 hand-coding vs. wysiwyg and tag, 392–393 editor, 549 and accessibility, 185 Submit and Reset buttons, availability on user machines, 392 551–556, 554 commonly available, 99 event handlers for, 655 embedded, 382 input fields, 549–550, 550, 557–570 and graphics, 390–391 check boxes, 564–566, 566 and patterned background, 190 fieldset element to group and style sheets, 393–398 elements, 563–564 type form, 399–403 file fields, 568–570 and graphics, 399 hidden fields, 567–568 and HTML, 400–401 password fields, 566–567 and style sheets, 401–403 radio buttons, 560–562, 563 font properties (CSS), 872–879 text fields, 557, 557–559 font-family property, 515, 874–875 making conclusions from font property, 515, 520–521, surveys, 579 873–874 processing, 576–585 font-size property, 515, 875–877 with cgiemail, 581–585 font-style property, 515, 877 database, 580 font-variant property, 515, 878 posting to web page, 580 font-weight property, 515, 878–879 success page for user, 584 for attribute, of label element, 758–759 using data, 578–579 foreign language characters, for linked-to via e-mail, 579 resource, 114 select element, 572–575 form element, 205, 720–723 text areas, 570–572 target attribute, 255 Forms module (XHTML), 620 formatting, 270–285 forward relationship hyperlinks, 660 blockquote element, 272 fragment identifier, 109, 110, 124 lists, 278, 278 frame attribute, of table element, paragraphs, 274–277 369–370, 370, 825–826 forms frame element, 249–252, 723–726 content determination, 542–548, 543 bordercolor attribute, 250 design issues, 546–548 frameborder attribute, 249–250 information issues, 542–544 marginheight attribute, 250–251 usability issues, 544–546 marginwidth attribute, 250–251 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 939
frameborder attribute—Goldfarb, Charles F. 939
name attribute, 252 framespacing attribute, of frameset noresize attribute, 251 element, 728–729 scrolling attribute, 251–252 freeware collections of graphics, 330 src attribute, 242 FrontPage (Microsoft), 145 frameborder attribute templates for, 297 of frame element, 249–250, 724 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) of iframe element, 738–739 links using, 103 frames, 236 for uploading web page files, 145, 147–150 alternate content with noframes element, 259–262 graphical program, 148–150 examples, 266 text-based program, 147–148 grid of, 246, 246 ftp command (FTP), 147 horizontal, 236, 245 FTP Explorer for Windows, 148–150, 149, 150 inline, 262–265, 263 for menus, 176 naming to target, 252 G nesting, 246–248, 247 Gecko engine, 447 removing, 259, 265–266 GEdit (Linux/Unix), 36 removing border, 249–250 geek speak, avoiding, 25 use of, 236–239 generic attributes, 200–201 advantages, 239 generic font families, 222, 875 limitations, 237–238 GeoCities, 136 vertical, 236, 244–245 get command (FTP), 147 XHTML and, 241 getElementById method, 593 frameset DOCTYPE declaration getElementsByTagName method, 593 for HTML, 65, 66, 656 GIF (Graphic Interchange Format), 301, for XHTML, 66, 615, 657 319–320 frameset document, 235 animated, 325–326, 468–471, 469 creating, 239–252 interlaced, 322–323 frameset element, 239, 242–249, for text graphic, 384 727–730 transparent, 323–325, 324 bordercolor attribute, 248–249 GifBuilder, 328, 468 cols attribute, 244–245 GIFConverter, 328 onload attribute, 244 global navigation, 176–177 onunload attribute, 244 goals of XML, 631–632 rows attribute, 245 Goldfarb, Charles F., 630 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 940
940 Google Web Directory—heading elements (
) Google Web Directory, 57 GIF animators, 328 Graph Markup Language (GraphML), 633 Microsoft FrontPage, 327 graphical browsers, 38 Paint Shop Pro, 327 graphical user interface (GUI), 6 utilities, 328 GraphicConverter, 328 word processor drawing graphics, 299. See also image element tools, 327 () turning off, 303–305 background-image property for and typography, 384–385, page, 906–907 403–405 background-repeat property, 909 color and, 408 concept art, 18–19 font families and faces, creating, 328–329 390–391 decorative, empty alt attributes and type form, 399 for, 305 for unordered list bullet, 532 file formats, 301, 319–326 using existing images, 329–331 animated GIFs, 325–326 GraphML (Graph Markup Language), 633 GIF file format, 319–320 grids of frames, 246, 246 interlaced GIFs, 322–323 groove border, 895 JPEG file format, 320–321 GUI (graphical user interface), 6 other options, 321–322 gutter attribute, of multicol element, 782 PNG file format, 321 progressive JPEG, 322–323 H TIFF file format, 321 hackers, risks from, 142–144 for form background, 548 hand-coding, 36 functional, 280, 281, 283 hanging indents, 883–884 icons, for navigation, 25 hardware, web server requirements, 144 for master document, 193 head element, 67–70, 732–733 for menus, 173–175, 174 style element in, 389 for Submit button, 555 headers attribute text descriptions of, 185 of td element, 834 tools for creating and editing, of th element, 845–846 326–328 heading elements (
), 77–79, 78, Adobe Illustrator, 326–327 201, 201, 730–732 Adobe Photoshop, 326 align attribute, 78, 79 CorelDRAW, 327 style element to set font, 518–519 Deneba, 327 styles to format, 524, 525 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 941 headings in tables—HTML 941
headings in tables, 334 hotspots on imagemaps, 217, 318 height attribute :hover pseudoclass, 433, 453, 868 of applet element, 668 :hover:after pseudoclass, 868 of embed element, 716 hovering links, 433–436 of iframe element, 262, 739 href attribute of image element (), of anchor element, 658 311–313, 744 of area element, 671 for scaling, 313 of base element, 675 of layer element, 761–762 of link element, 500, 770 of marquee element, 775 hreflang attribute of object element, 481, 790 of anchor element, 659 of spacer element, 813 of link element, 770 of table data element, 357, 834 hspace attribute of th element, 845 of applet element, 668 height property (CSS), 526, 902–903 of iframe element, 739 help files, HTML/XHTML for, 30 of image element (), Helvetica typeface, 392 314–315, 744 hexadecimal numbers, for colors, 94, 409 of marquee element, 775 hidden fields on forms, 567–568 of object element, 481, 790 hierarchical organization of information, .htm file extension, 61 166–167, 167 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), 6. high-contrast color, 185 See also dynamic (X)HTML high-speed connections, 27, 28 basics, 7–10, 8 HiJaak Pro, 328 code appearance, 42, 42–55 history of documents viewed in document readability, 54–55 browsers, 111 editors, 36–37 hn elements. See heading elements (
) Internet Explorer version 6 support for, 422 home page, links to, 170 Netscape Navigator support HomeSite (Macromedia), 64, 626 for, 448 horizonal shadow offset, for text shadow, 884 origins, 33–34, 630 porting to XHTML, 625–626 horizontal frames, 236, 245 horizontal rule element (
), 91–92, possible uses, 30 92, 206–208, 733–735 resources on, 55–57 HotJava (Sun Microsystems), 12 specifications, 650 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 942942 html element—id attribute
vs. XHTML, 31–32, 614, 622–625 of area element, 671 planning for, 155 of b element, 674 vs. XML, 635–636 of basefont element, 676 html element, 67, 735–736 of big element, 678 for conformant XHTML of blink element, 679 document, 615 of blockquote element, 681 .html file extension, 61 of body element, 684 HTML Indexer, 167 of br element, 687 HTML-Kit, 37 of button element, 688–689 HTML Tidy, 37, 625–626 of caption element, 691 HTML Working Group, 34, 35 of cite element, 693 HTML Writer’s Guild, 57 of code element, 695 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), of col element, 697 11, 33 of colgroup element, 699–700 server address, 145 of dd element, 702 uploading web documents with, 150 of del element, 704 http-equiv attribute, of meta element, of dfn element, 705 780–781 of dir element, 707 hyperlinks, 6. See also anchor element (); links of div element, 709 Hypertext Markup Language. See HTML of dl element, 711 (Hypertext Markup Language) of dt element, 712 Hypertext module (XHTML), 619, 622 for dynamic HTML functions, 596 of em element, 714 I of fieldset element, 718 i element (), 89, 400–401, 737–738 of form element, 721 IA diagram (information architecture of frame element, 724 diagram), 16 of frameset element, 729 ICANN (Internet Corporation for of hn elements, 731 Assigned Names and Numbers), 140 of hr element, 734 Icon Forge, 457 of i element (), 737 icons for navigation, 25, 173 of iframe element, 739 id attribute, 47, 200, 502, 525 of image element (), of abbr element, 662 315, 744 of acronym element, 664 of input element, 749–750 of address element, 665 of ins element, 755 of anchor element, 114–115, 659 of kdb element, 757 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 943
iframe element—inches, to size font 943
of label element, 759 iframe element, 219, 262–265, 263, of legend element, 765 738–741 of li element, 767 IIS (Internet Information Services), 145 of map element, 773 image element (), 49, 217, of marquee element, 776 300–301, 742–747 of menu element, 779 for animated GIFs, 470 and name attribute, in XHTML, 625 attributes, 301–316 of nobr element, 783 align attribute, 307–311 of noframes element, 784 of noscript element, 785 alt attribute, 301–306 of object element, 481, 790 gallerying attribute, 427 of ol element, 793 height attribute, 311–313 of optgroup element, 796 hspace attribute, 314–315 of option element, 798 src attribute, 301 of p element, 800 vspace attribute, 314–315 of param element, 482 width attribute, 311–313 of pre element, 803 border width, 313–314 of q element, 804–805 deprecation, 480 of samp element, 806 of select element, 809 disabling image toolbar for, 427 of small element, 812 as link, 316–317 of span element, 814 vs. object element, 300 of strike element, 816 relative URL for, 120–121 of strong element, 817 Image module (XHTML), 620 of sub element, 820 image toolbar, in Internet Explorer, 426, of sup element, 822 426–427 of table element, 826 imagemaps, 297. See also map element of tbody element, 829 coordinates for clickable area, 658 of td element, 833 creating, 318–319 of textarea element, 837 of tfoot element, 840 shape of clickable area, 660 of th element, 845 @import statement, 498 of thead element, 849 importing of tr element, 853 animated GIFs, into HTML and of tt element, 855 XHTML documents, 470–471 of u element, 856 style sheets, 497, 497–499 of ul element, 858 incentives, for form completion, 546 of var element, 860 inches, to size font, 407, 510 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 944
944 indentation—Internet Explorer
indentation for radio buttons, 560–562 dd element and, 87 for text fields, 557–559 text-indent property for, 883–884 ins element, 231–233, 754–755 indexes for navigating web sites, 167 inset border, 895 index.html page, 122 installing Netscape Navigator, multiple relative link to, 123–124 versions, 461 interactive design, individual accounts on ISP, 136–138 14–28 bandwidth concerns, 26–28 information and information architecture, 15–16 content planning, 160–165 navigation, 19–26 company interests, 163–164 consistency, 20, 20–21 reconciling company and user multiple access points, 26 interests, 164–165 user learning about, 22 user needs, 160–162 visual cues, 22–25 organization planning, 166–170 storyboards and concept art, hierarchical, 166–167, 167 18–19, 19 linear, 167–169, 168 visual metaphor development, 17, storyboards for, 171 17–18 webbed, 169–170, 170 interlaced GIFs, 322–323 pyramid-shaped distribution, 21 internal entities, 643 information architecture diagram internal links, 101, 119–123 (IA diagram), 16 to different parts of same inherit values in CSS, 869 document, 126 inline elements, 215. See also text-level to jump to named anchor, 124–128 elements International Organization for inline frame element, 262–265, 263 Standardization, 386 inline images, 300 Internet aligning, 307–309 connection speed, and website inline style sheets, 388–389, 504–505 performance, 26–28 origins, 5 font-family, 393, 393–394 Internet Corporation for Assigned input element, 219, 551, 557, 557–570, Names and Numbers (ICANN), 140 747–754 Internet Explorer, 12 attributes, 557 accesskey attribute support, 113 for check boxes, 564–566 anchor text in, 103 fieldset element to group, 563–564 DOCTYPE declarations, for file fields, 568–570 425–426, 594 for hidden fields, 567–568 and Document Object Model, for password field, 566–567 591–592 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 945
Internet Information Services—kerning, with style sheets 945
optimizations of functionality ISO 10646, 386–387 Favorites icon, 436 ISO Latin-1 character set, 386 hovering hyperlinks, 433–436 ISP (Internet service provider) for web page layout, 432–433 publishing, 134–141 optimizations with clean code, business accounts, 138–141 436–439 individual accounts, 136–138 and plug-ins, 431, 465 italic element (), 89–90, 224, statistics on use, 420 400–401, 737–738 support for Cascading Style Sheets italics (CSS), 865 for address element, 205 turning off graphics, 304 for anchor text, 116–117 unframing pages in, 267 style sheets for, 403 version 6 new features, 426–431 as typeface choice, 399 image toolbar, 426, 426–427 media bar, 428–429, 429 privacy, 429–431 J version 6 support for W3C Jasc, Inc. specifications, 422–425 Animation Shop, 468, 470 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), 424 Paint Shop Pro, 327 EMCAScript, 424–425 Java applets, 477, 477–478 HTML, XHTML, and XML, 422 Java Virtual Machine, 431 object models, 424 JavaScript, 9–10, 10 video support, 475 for browser detection, 439, 441–444 Internet Information Services (IIS), 145 to change colors, 596–597 Internet Options dialog box in onmouseover attribute, 107 Advanced tab, 427, 428 users turning off, 441 Privacy tab, 430 Joint Photographic Experts Group. Internet Service Provider. See ISP See JPEG file format (Internet service provider) InterNIC, 140 JPEG file format, 301, 320–321 intranet sites, 30 progressive, 322–323 Intrinsic Events module (XHTML), 620 for text graphic, 384 isindex element, 756 JPEGView, 328 deprecation, 74, 651 justified paragraphs, in table cells, 372 ismap attribute of image element (), 744–745 K of imagemap, 316, 319 Kate (Linux/Unix), 36 of input element, 750 kerning, with style sheets, 408 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 946
946 keyboard element ()—links
keyboard element (), 229, 231, left alignment 756–757 of floating image, 309, 310 keyboard, event handlers for, 655 for table cells and rows, 353 keyboard shortcuts, for links, 112–113 of table element, 345 keywords, as meta information, 69 left attribute, of layer element, 762 kiosk applications, HTML/XHTML for, 30 left property (CSS), 539, 912 Klopp, John, 105 :left pseudoclass, 868 leftmargin attribute, of body element, Koch, Peter-Paul, 594 432–433, 684 legend element, 563, 764–765 L letter-spacing property (CSS), 408, 521, label attribute 879–880 of optgroup element, 796 li element, 80, 81, 214, 766–768 of option element, 798 licensing label element, 219, 758–760 for graphics, 330, 331 labels, as visual navigation clue, 22–23 for multimedia, 467 Lane, Tom, 322 line break element (
), 49, 93, 204, 216–217, 686–687 lang attribute, 47, 200, 653 clear attribute, 217, 310, 310 of anchor element, 113–114 nobr element to prevent, 782–783 of image element (), 315 line-height property (CSS), 521, in XHTML, 625 880–881 :lang pseudoclass, 868 linear organization of information, language attribute, of script element, 167–169, 168 807–808 link attribute, of body element, 96, layer element, 760–764 97, 684 layering box elements, z-index property link buildout, 24 for position in stack, 914–915 link element, 70, 500, 768–772 layout. See also tables; white space vs. anchor links, 102 Link module (XHTML), 620 planning for accessibility, 184–185 link rot, 158 splash-screen example, linked style sheets, 389. external 283–285, 284 See also style sheets disadvantages, 285 Linklint, 131 tables for, 335, 342, 377–379 links, 6. See also anchor element; margins, 378 external links navigation bars, 378, 378–379 checking for broken, 158 templates for, 297–298 color of, 96 leading for type, 403, 408 frames and, 238 line-height property to set, 880–881 hovering, 433–436 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 947Linux/Unix—mailto URL, for form processing 947
image element () as, ordered, 79, 82, 82 316–317 attributes, 83 internal, 101, 119–123 nesting, 86, 86 to different parts of same start attribute for, 85 document, 126 unordered, 79, 81 to jump to named anchor, attributes, 83 124–128 specifying bullets, 531 keyboard shortcuts for, 112–113 loading window, event handler for, 654 number sign (#) in, 109 logos pseudoclasses in CSS for, 517–518 for master document, 191–193, 192 removing underlining, 453–454, 526 nonscrolling, 192 to sound file, 484 longdesc attribute status bar text for, 106–107 of frame element, 724 styles for Netscape Navigator, of image element (), 316, 745 453–456 loop attribute targeted, 253–259 of bgsound element, 677 _blank, 258, 266 of image element (), 745 _parent, 258 of marquee element, 776 _self, 258–259 lossy compression, 320 _top, 259, 266 lowercase, for XHTML, 623 base element to set default target, 255–257 LView Pro, 328 verifying and maintaining, 129–132 Lynx, 39 Linux/Unix LZW compression, 319 commonly available fonts, 99 for web server, hardware M requirements, 144 Macintosh Bitmap (PICT), 321–322 List module (XHTML), 619 Macintosh computers list-style-image property (CSS), 531, 532 fonts available on, 99, 392 list-style-type property (CSS), 531 statistics on use, 420 lists, 79–88, 80, 214 Macromedia attributes, 82–84 Dreamweaver, templates for, 297 compact attribute for, 84 HomeSite, 64, 626 definition lists, 87–88, 88 macular degeneration, 179 for formatting, 278, 278 MailPost for Windows, 581 of links, 118 mailto URL, for form processing, 585 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 948
948 maintenance of web site—Microsoft
maintenance of web site master document, 156 links, 129–132 planning, 186–193 planning for, 158–160 background, 187–190 map element, 217, 318, 772–774 color, 191 margin-bottom property (CSS), 526, 899 logos, 191–193, 192 for printed media style sheets other graphics, 193 (CSS2), 916 Matt’s Script Archive, 580 margin-left property (CSS), 526, maxlength attribute of input element, 899–900 557, 750 for printed media style sheets for file fields, 569 (CSS2), 916–917 for password field, 567 margin property (CSS), 526, 898–899 for text field, 558 for printed media style sheets (CSS2), 915–916 measurements margin-right property (CSS), 526, 900 of fonts, relative vs. absolute, 407 for printed media style sheets specifying in style sheets, 510–511 (CSS2), 917 media attribute margin-top property (CSS), 526, of link element, 770–771 900–901 of style element, 818–819 for printed media style sheets media bar, in Internet Explorer, (CSS2), 917–918 428–429, 429 marginheight attribute, 450 menu element, 82, 778–780 of frame element, 250–251, 725 deprecation, 74, 652 of iframe element, 739–740 menus margins graphics, 173–175, 174 body element attributes for, placement, 175–177 432–433, 450–452 textual, 172, 172–173 tables to create, 378 merging cells in tables, 356–357 marginwidth attribute, 450 meta element, 69–70, 780–781 of frame element, 250–251, 725 to disable image toolbar, 427 of iframe element, 740 meta information, 69 marketing materials, and web site content, 163 meta-language, 33 marks property, for printed media style Metainformation module (XHTML), 621 sheets (CSS2), 538, 918 method attribute, of form element, markup language, 30 577, 722 marquee element, 774–778 Microsoft, 6 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 56 FrontPage Express, 37 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 949
Microsoft Manual of Style—name attribute 949
FrontPage, templates for, 297 adding to web pages, 480–485 markup extensions, 56–57 animated GIFs, 325–326, OpenType initiative, 382 468–471, 469 Powerpoint, 327 bandwidth and, 28 Microsoft Manual of Style, 156 decision to include, 464–467 middle alignment challenges for developers, 466–467 of inline images, 307 challenges for users, 464–465 for table cells and rows, 354 Flash animations, 478, 479 MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface), 473–474 Java applets, 477, 477–478 millimeters, to size font, 510 licensing for, 467 MIME types, 661 opening in new window, 429 for input element accept attribute, sounds, 472–475 569–570 testing, 471 mixed-content entities, in XML, usability, 467–468 643–644 video, 475–476 modems, speed of, 27 multiple attribute, of select element, modules in XHTML, 241, 616–622, 650 573, 574, 809 guidelines, 614 Musical Instrument Digital Interface MOMSpider, 131 (MIDI), 473–474 monospaced typeface, 397, 398, 875 My Sidebar tabs, 456–457, 457 code element for, 228–229
tag for, 387, 388 N tt element for, 854–856 name attribute Mosaic web browser (NCSA), 6, 7 of anchor element, 108–110, 659 mouse, event handlers for, 654–655 link to jump to, 124–128 Moving Pictures Experts Group of applet element, 668 (MPEG), 476 of button element, 689 Mozilla, 12, 447 deprecation, 114 MP3 (MPEG Audio Layer 3), 474 of form element, 722 MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts of frame element, 252, 725 Group), 476 and id attribute, in XHTML, 625 mput command (FTP), 148 of iframe element, 740 multicol element, 781–782 of image element (), 316, 745 multimedia, 463 of input element, 557, 750 ActiveX controls, 485 for check box, 565 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 950950 names, for colors—Netscape Navigator
for file fields, 569 nesting for password field, 567 anchor element and, 115–116 for radio button, 561, 562 elements, 50–51, 54, 215 for text field, 558 in XML, 641 of layer element, 762 frames, 246–248, 247 of map element, 773 ordered lists, 86, 86 of meta element, 69, 781 tables, 358–360, 360 of object element, 481, 790 XHTML restrictions, 624 of param element, 482, 801 NetMechanic, 131 of select element, 573, 810 Netscape Communications Corporation, of textarea element, 571, 837–838 6, 12 names, for colors, 869–870 markup extensions, 56–57 namespace, 67 Netscape Composer, 37 naming rules, for XML elements, Netscape Navigator, 38 637–638 accesskey attribute support, 113 National Science Foundation, 5 anchor text in, 103 navigation DOCTYPE declaration use, 449 frames for, 239 and Document Object Model interactive design, 19–26 development, 591–592 consistency, 20, 20–21 installing multiple versions, 461 multiple access points, 26 plug-ins in, 465 user learning about, 22 support for Cascading Style Sheets visual cues, 22–25 (CSS), 865 planning, 171–177 support for W3C specifications, graphical menu, 173–175, 174 422, 447–448 menu placement, 175–177 turning off graphics, 303–304 textual menu, 172, 172–173 unframing pages in, 266–267 site maps and indexes for, 167 version 4, 446 navigation bars, tables to create, 378, version 6, 446–447 378–379 version 6 optimizations, 449–456 navigation imagemaps, 318 page layout, 450–453 navigation list element (
), 622 styles for hyperlinks, navigator.appName, 439 453–456 navigator.appVersion, 439 version 7 new features, 456–461 NCSA (National Center for My Sidebar tabs, 456–457, 457 Supercomputing Applications), privacy, 458–459 Mosaic web browser, 6, 7 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 951 new window—onmouseup event handler 951
tabbed browsing, 460, 460 O Web Site icons, 457 Oasis, 57 video support, 475 object attribute, of applet element, new window, _blank target to 668–669 force, 258 object element, 219, 786–792 newspaper-style columns, multicol and attributes, 480–481 element for, 781–782 vs. image element, 300 nl element, 622 to include HTML file within other nobr element, 782–783 HTML file, 264 noframes element, 214, 243, 259–262, object models, Internet Explorer version 6 783–785 support for, 424 nohref attribute, of area element, 671 Object module (XHTML), 621 non-frames-enabled browsers, 237 oblique form of typeface, 399 nonbreaking spaces ( ) ol element, 80, 82, 82, 214, 792–794 for indentation, 87, 277, 277 attributes, 83 for vertical white space, 204 compact attribute for, 84 nonscrolling logos, 192 nesting, 86, 86 noresize attribute, of frame element, start attribute for, 85 251, 725 type attribute, 84 noscript element, 214, 785–786 onblur event handler, 654–655 noshade attribute, of hr element, 92, 206, 734 onchange event handler, 656 Notepad, 36, 150 onclick event handler, 654 saving web document in, 61 ondblclick event handler, 654 nowrap attribute onfocus event handler, 654–655 of div element, 709 onkeydown event handler, 654–655 for table cells and rows, onkeypress event handler, 654–655 355–356 onkeyup event handler, 654–655 of td element, 834 onload event handler, 654 of th element, 846 of frameset element, 244 NSFnet, 5 onmousedown event handler, 654 number sign (#) onmousemove event handler, 654 in hyperlinks, 109, 659 onmouseout event handler, 654–655 for id selector in style, 525 onmouseover event handler, 654 numbered lists. See ordered lists for anchor element, 107 Nutrockers Web HTML Color code of image element (), 316 chart, 409 onmouseup event handler, 654 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 952
952 onreset event handler—_parent target for link
onreset event handler, 654–655 P onselect event handler, 656 p element. See paragraph element (
) onsubmit event handler, 654–655 P3P. See Platform for Privacy Preferences onunload event handler, 654 Recommendation (P3P) of frameset element, 244 padding-bottom property (CSS), 889 open command (FTP), 147 padding-left property (CSS), 889 opening tag, 48–49 padding-right property (CSS), 890 OpenType initiative, 382 padding-top property (CSS), 890 Opera (browser), 38, 40 page-break-after property, for printed and Document Object Model, 593 media style sheets (CSS2), 538, support for XML, 448 918–919 unframing pages in, 267 page-break-before property, for printed media style sheets (CSS2), 538, 919 video support, 475 page-break-inside property, for printed operating system media style sheets (CSS2), 538, 919 using colors from, 871 Page Info dialog box (Netscape), Privacy using font characteristics from, 874 tab, 458 optgroup element, 795–797 page layout. See layout option element, 573, 574, 797–799 page property, for printed media style optional fields in forms, 547 sheets (CSS2), 918 Optiview, 325 pages. See web pages order of precedence Paint Shop Pro, 327 for style sheets, 506 paragraph element (
), 74–76, 75, for table element 274–277, 799–800 align attribute, 372 align attribute, 75–76, 201–202 valign attribute, 373 browser display of, 202–203, 203 class attribute, 502–503 ordered lists, 79, 82, 82, 214 style attribute, 388–389 attributes, 83 paragraphs, 201–204 nesting, 86, 86 first line indents, 883–884 orphans property, for printed media style sheets (CSS2), 538, 918 images as separate, 300 outdenting paragraphs, 883–884 in tables, 340, 340 outline property (CSS), 881 param element, 482, 801–804 outset border, 895 parent directory (..), 121 overflow property (CSS), 539, 912–913 parent element, 54 overlining, text-decoration property for, parent frameset, 248 882–883 _parent target for link, 258 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 953
parser for XML elements—planning 953
parser for XML elements, 637 pitch-range property for aural style password fields on forms, 566–567 sheet, 536 passwords pixels, 91, 207, 510 and risk to web server, 143 determining image size in, 311 for uploading web page files, 146 to size font, 407 pause property for aural style sheet, 536 plain text, HTML as, 7 PC computers, fonts available on, 392 planning PDF (Portable Document Format), for accessibility, 177–186 321–322, 488 adaptive technologies, 181–184 percentage need to address issues, 177–181 for CSS properties, 872 page layout, 184–185 to size font, 407, 876 screen enlargers, 183–184, 184 personal server, for web publishing, screen readers, 182–183 142–145 information content, 160–165 photographs, 329 company interests, 163–164 PhotoImpact GIF Animator, 328 reconciling company and user phrase elements, 227–231, 231 interests, 164–165 acronym element, 228, 663–664 user needs, 160–162 citation element (), 89, 228, information organization, 166–170 693–694 hierarchical, 166–167, 167 code element, 89, 228–229, linear, 167–169, 168 694–695 storyboards for, 171 definition element (), 229, webbed, 169–170, 170 705–706 master document, 186–193 emphasis element (), 89, 229, 401, 713–714 background, 187–190 keyboard element (), 229, color, 191 756–757 logos, 191–193, 192 sample element (), 230, other graphics, 193 805–807 for site development and strong element, 89, 230, 401, maintenance, 154–160 816–818 development, 156–157 variable element (), 90, file structure, 155 230–231, 859–861 HTML or XHTML, 155 physical markup, 222 maintenance, 158–160 pica, to size font, 510 styles and guidelines, 156 Pico (Linux/Unix), 36 XHTML and style sheets, PICT (Macintosh Bitmap), 321–322 154–155 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 954
954 Platform for Privacy Preferences Recommendation—prompt attribute
site navigation, 171–177 predigital production, 4 graphics, 173–175, 174 Preferences dialog box (Netscape), menu placement, 175–177 Cookies, 459, 459 textual, 172, 172–173 preformatted element (
), 76, 76, 212–213, 387, 802–804 Platform for Privacy Preferences Recommendation (P3P), 429, 458 vs. teletype element, 226 plug-ins, 464 Presentation module (XHTML), 619 and Internet Explorer, 431, 465 printed media style sheets (CSS2), 537–538, 915–920 PNG (Portable Network Graphics), 321 @page element, 915 pointers on web pages, elements to mark, 46 margin-bottom property, 916 points, 407, 510 margin-left property, 916–917 PolyView, 328 margin property, 915–916 Portable Bitmap (XBM), 321–322 margin-right property, 917 Portable Document Format (PDF), margin-top property, 917–918 321–322 marks property, 918 Portable Network Graphics (PNG), 321 orphans property, 918 position property (CSS), 539, 913 page-break-after property, positioning properties (CSS), 538–540, 918–919 910–915 page-break-before property, 919 bottom property, 910 page-break-inside property, 919 clear property, 911 page property, 918 clip property, 911 size property, 920 float property, 911–912 widows property, 920 left property, 912 privacy overflow property, 912–913 and form design, 544–545 position property, 913 Internet Explorer features, right property, 913–914 429–431 top property, 914 Netscape Navigator features, 458–459 visibility property, 914 processing instructions in XML, z-index property, 914–915 644–645 PostScript, 321–322 production, predigital, 4 posture of typeface, 399 profile attribute, of head element, 732 pound sign (#) progressive JPEG, 321, 322–323 in hyperlinks, 109, 659 prompt attribute, of isindex for id selector in style, 525 element, 756 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 955proprietary file formats—reverse relationship hyperlinks 955
proprietary file formats, 628–629 RAM (RealMedia), 474 pseudoclasses in CSS, 867–868 RDF (Resource Description for links, 517–518 Format), 634 public domain, graphics in, 330 RDF Site Summary (RSS), 634 publishing web documents Read Me First!, 156 options, 134–145 readonly attribute through corporate server, 141 of input element, 750–751 through ISP, 134–141 of textarea element, 838 through your own server, RealMedia (RAM), 474 142–145 RealOne Player, 465 process, 145–151 registrars for virtual domain, 139 uploading with FTP, 147–150 registration of domain name, 140–141 uploading with other tools, 151 rel attribute put command (FTP), 147 of anchor element, 112, 660 pwd command (FTP), 147 of link element, 500, 771 pyramid-shaped information value options, 769 distribution, 21 relative size for font, 407, 876 relative URLs, 119, 120–121 Q base URL for, 70 to default page, 123–124 q element. See quote element (
) with different directories, QuickTime plug-in (Apple), 431, 121–122 465–466 troubleshooting, 122 for Windows, 476 relative width for frame column, 244 quit command (FTP), 147 reloading documents in browser, 62 quotation marks ("), for attribute values, 49, 53, 199–200 repeating graphics for background, 909 quotations. See blockquote element required fields in forms, 547 quote element (), 217–218, Reset button in form, 549 804–805 creation, 551–556, 554 Resource Description Format R (RDF), 634 rev attribute .ra file extension, 474 of anchor element, 112, 660 radio buttons on forms, 549, 560–562, 563 of link element, 771 vs. other controls, 550 value options, 769 reverse relationship hyperlinks, 660 Raggett, Dave, 625 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 956956 RGB numbers for colors—scrolling attribute
RGB numbers for colors, 94–95, sample element (), 230, 231, 869–870 805–807 Rich Text Format (RTF), 628 sans serif typefaces, 396, 875 ridge border, 895 saving web documents, 60 right alignment guidelines, 61 of floating image, 309, 310 SAX (Simple API for XML), 634 for table cells and rows, 353 Scaleable Vector Graphics (SVG), 633 of table element, 345 scaling images, with width and height right property (CSS), 539, 913–914 attributes, 313 :right pseudoclass, 868 schemas, 633 root element in XML document, 641 scheme attribute, of meta element, 781 scope attribute row group elements, 366–368 of td element, 835 rows attribute of th element, 846–847 of frameset element, 245, 729 screen enlargers, 183–184, 184 of textarea element, 571, 838 screen readers, 26, 182–183 rows in tables, 285, 288–292, 334, 352. See also table row element (
) tables and, 374 rowspan attribute script element, 70, 219, 807–808 for table cells, 356–357 scripting languages, 9–10 for table data element, 291, 292 to access mediaBar object, 428 of td element, 834–835 Internet Explorer version 6 support for, 424–425 of th element, 846 Scripting module (XHTML), 621 .rpm file extension, 474 scripts RSS (RDF Site Summary), 634 button element to call, 556 RTF (Rich Text Format), 628 for form processing, 580 Ruby Annotation module (XHTML), ISP selection and, 137 618, 621 web resources for, 595 rule [line], horizontal, 91–92, 92, 206–208 scroll attribute, of body element, 684 rules attribute, of table element, 371, scroll bars, for frames, 251–252 371–372, 826–827 scrollamount attribute, of marquee element, 776 scrolldelay attribute, of marquee S element, 776 s element, 89, 805 scrolling attribute deprecation, 74, 652 of frame element, 251–252, 726 safe colors for web, 94 of iframe element, 740 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 957 scrolling text—Son of Web Pages That Suck (Flanders) 957
scrolling text, marquee element for, SGML (Standard Generalized Markup 774–778 Language), 32, 33, 630 search engines shadow for text, 884–885 frames and, 238 Shakespeare, William, The Tempest, 110 and noframes element, 260 shape attribute optimizing site for, 285 of anchor element, 660 splash-screens and, 285 of area element, 672 and titles, 69 Simple API for XML (SAX), 634 Section 508 accessibility guidelines, 177 SimpleText (Macintosh), 36, 150 section of document site maps, 167 links to different, in same size attribute document, 126 of basefont element, 676 name attribute for linking to, of font element, 98, 99, 220, 220, 108–110 405–406, 719–720 named anchor for links to, 124–125 of hr element, 92, 207, 208, 734 security of input element, 557, 751 for form processing scripts, 581 for password field, 567 risks from personal web server, for text field, 558 142–144 of select element, 573, 576, 810 select element, 219, 572, 572–575, of spacer element, 813 808–811 size property, for printed media style attributes, 573, 809–810 sheets (CSS2), 538, 920 design for long, 575–576 sizing select lists in form, 549 fonts, with style sheets, 407–408 vs. other controls, 550 frames, 251 selected attribute slash (/), for directories, 121 of input element, 557 small-caps fonts, 878 of option element, 573, 575, 798 small element, 226, 811–812 selectors in CSS, 507, 508, 866–867 SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia _self target for link, 258–259 Integration Language), 633 serif typefaces, 396, 396, 875 software server, 11 for link verification, 131 ISP alternatives for, 136 for multimedia, 465–466 Server-side Image Map module solid border, 895 (XHTML), 621 Son of Web Pages That Suck (Flanders), server-side imagemap, 318 107, 285 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 958
958 sounds—style attribute
sounds Standard Generalized Markup Language adding to web pages, 472, (SGML), 32, 33, 630 472–475 standby attribute, of object element, disadvantages, 473 481, 790–791 file formats, 473–475 start attribute background, 472, 677 for lists, 85 of ol element, 793 links vs. object element, 484 static information, 158 object element to add, 484–485 statistics, 420 sources of files, 475 on browser use, 13 spacer element, 812–814 StatMarket, 420 spacer GIFs, 290 status bar, text for links, 106–107 span attribute storyboards, 18–19, 19, 171 of col element, 697 streaming media, 464 of colgroup element, 700 strict DOCTYPE declaration, 494 of column group element, 364–365 for HTML, 65, 66, 656 span element, 219, 502, 814–815 for XHTML, 66, 615, 651, 657 to apply classes, 504 strike element, 89, 224, 815–816 vs. div element, 390 deprecation, 74, 652 style attribute, 388–389 strikethrough text, text-decoration speech-rate property for aural style property for, 882–883 sheet, 536, 537 strong element, 89, 230, 231, 401, splash-screen layout example, 816–818 283–285, 284 Structure module (XHTML), 619 disadvantages, 285 style attribute, 47, 200, 388–389, src attribute 504–505 of bgsound element, 677 of abbr element, 662–663 of embed element, 716 of acronym element, 664 of frame element, 242, 249, 726 of address element, 665 of iframe element, 740–741 of anchor element, 660 of image element (), 470, of area element, 672 745–746 of b element, 674 of input element, 751 of big element, 678 of layer element, 762 of blink element, 680 of script element, 808 of blockquote element, 681 standalone attribute, of XML declaration, of body element, 685 645–646 of br element, 687 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 959
Style Attribute module (XHTML)—Submit button in form 959
of button element, 689 of noscript element, 786 of caption element, 692 of object element, 481 of cite element, 693 of ol element, 794 of code element, 695 of optgroup element, 796 of col element, 697 of p element, 800 of colgroup element, 700 of pre element, 803 of dd element, 702 of q element, 805 of del element, 704 of samp element, 806 of dfn element, 705–706 of select element, 810 of dir element, 707 of small element, 812 of div element, 709 of span element, 814–815 of dl element, 711 of strike element, 816 of dt element, 712–713 of strong element, 817 of em element, 714 of sub element, 821 of fieldset element, 718 of sup element, 822 of form element, 722 of table element, 827 of frame element, 726 of tbody element, 829 of frameset element, 730 of td element, 835 of hn elements, 731 of textarea element, 838 of hr element, 735 of tfoot element, 840–841 of i element (), 737 of th element, 847 of iframe element, 741 of thead element, 849 of image element (), of tr element, 854 315, 746 of tt element, 855 of input element, 751 of u element, 856–857 of ins element, 755 of ul element, 858 of kdb element, 757 of var element, 860 of label element, 759 Style Attribute module (XHTML), 621 of legend element, 765 style element, 70, 389, 435, 493–494, of li element, 767 818–820 of map element, 774 adding to web pages, 514–515 of marquee element, 777 Stylesheet module (XHTML), 621 of menu element, 779 Submit button in form, 549 of nobr element, 783 creation, 551–556, 554 of noframes element, 784 graphics for, 555 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 960
960 subscript element—table heading element
subscript element (), 89–90, 218, attributes, 291 820–821 bgcolor attribute, 355 vertical-align property for, 886 colspan attribute, 356–357 success page, for form processing, 584 height attribute, 357 summary attribute nowrap attribute, 355–356 and accessibility, 374 rowspan attribute, 356–357 of table element, 827 valign attribute, 354 Sun Microsystems, HotJava, 12 width attribute, 357 superscript element (), 89, table element, 205, 285, 343–344, 218–219, 821–822 823–828 vertical-align property for, 886 attributes, 344–351 surveys, conclusions from, 579 align attribute, 345 SVG (Scaleable Vector Graphics), 633 background attribute, 360 Synchronized Multimedia Integration border attribute, 339, Language (SMIL), 633 346–347, 347 SYSTEM keyword, in entity cellpadding attribute, declaration, 644 349, 349 cellspacing attribute, 348–349 T width attribute, 345–346, 357 Tab Delimited Fields (TDF), 628 in HTML 4.01 and XHTML tabbed browsing, in Netscape model, 362 Navigator, 460 align=“char”, 372 tabindex attribute align=“justify”, 372 of anchor element, 661 char attribute, 372 of area element, 672 charoff attribute, 372 of button element, 689 cols attribute, 369 of input element, 751 frame attribute, 369–370, 370 of label element, 759 rules attribute, 371, 371–372 of object element, 791 width attribute, 373–374 of select element, 810–811 table footer element (), 363, of textarea element, 838 366–367, 839–841 table body element (), 363, table header element (), 363, 366–367, 828–830 366–367, 848–850 example, 375–376, 377 table heading element (
), 336, 353, table data element ( ), 285, 336, 841–848 353, 830–836 align attribute, 353–354 align attribute, 353–354 bgcolor attribute, 355 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 961 table of contents—TCP/IP 961
colspan attribute, 356–357 nesting, 358–360, 360 nowrap attribute, 355–356 for page layout, 335, 342, 377–379 rowspan attribute, 356–357 margins, 378 valign attribute, 354 navigation bars, 378, 378–379 table of contents rows and columns, 288–292 creating with named anchors, simple model, 335–336 126–128 elements and attributes, 336, frames for, 239 343–361 table row element (
), 285, 336, 352, example, 337–341 851–854 unofficial HTML extensions, align attribute, 353–354 360–361 attributes, 291 width limitations, 374 bgcolor attribute, 355 Tables module (XHTML), 620 valign attribute, 354 tags in HTML, 7. See also elements tables, 285–297 pairing, 48–49 accessibility to users with visual vs. XHTML, 31 disabilities, 374 tags in XML, 636 attributes, 286–287 target attribute captions, 351–352 of anchor element, 111, 661 contents, 358 of area element, 672–673 data. See table data element ( tag. See table body element limitations, 341–342 () for menus, 176 TCP/IP, 11 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 962) of base element, 675 design based on, 293, 293–297 of form element, 722–723 headings. See table heading of link element, 771–772 element ( ) target audience, determining, 420–421 HTML 4.01 and XHTML model, targeting 336, 361–374 frames, 253–255 attributes, 368–374 links columns, 363–366 _blank, 258, 266 example, , 375–376 377 _parent, 258 row groups, 366–368 _self, 258–259 structure, 362–363 _top, 259, 266 for information presentation, base element to set default 334–343 target, 255–257 advantages, 341 962
tag—text-level elements tag. See table data element ( ) iframe element, 219, 262–265, TDF (Tab Delimited Fields), 628 263, 738–741 TeachText (Macintosh), 36 image element (), 217. teletype element (), 90, 226, 387, See also image element () 854–856 input element, 219. See also input templates, 297–298 element testing multimedia, 471 italic element (), 224. See also italic element () text label element, 219, 758–760 color of, 96–97 line break element (
), 49, 93, direction of display, 47 204, 216–217, 686–687 for menus, , 172–173 172 clear attribute, 217, 310, 310 text areas on forms, 549 nobr element to prevent, text attribute, of body element, 96, 782–783 97, 685 line breaks (
), 216–217 text columns map element, 217, 318, 772–774 multicol element for, 781–782 object element, 219, 786–792 tables to display, 342, 343 and attributes, 480–481 text-decorative property (CSS), 453–454 vs. image element, 300 text editor, 35, 36–37 to include HTML file within to create web document, 60 other HTML file, 264 text fields on forms, 549, 557, 557–559 quote element (), 217–218, guidelines for including multiple, 804–805 559–560 script element, 70, 219, 807–808 vs. other controls, 550 select element, 219, 572, 572–575, text files, 150, 627 808–811 text-level elements, 215–222 attributes, 573, 809–810 bdo element, 219, 676–677 design for long, 575–576 big element, 225, 677–679 small element, 226, 811–812 bold element (), 89–90, 223, span element, 219, 502, 814–815 401, 673–674 to apply classes, 504 vs. strong element, 230 vs. div element, 390 button element, 219, 687–690 style attribute, 388–389 for Submit and Reset strike element, 89, 224, 815–816 buttons, 556 deprecation, 74, 652 a element, 116, 216. See also anchor element () subscript element (), 89–90, 218, 820–821 font element, 220–222. See also font element vertical-align property for, 886 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 963Text module (XHTML)—title attribute 963
superscript element (), 89, thead element, 363, 366–367, 848–850 218–219, 821–822 TheCounter.com, statistics from, 420 vertical-align property theme-bearing elements, 187 for, 886 TIFF file format, 321, 321–322 teletype element (), 90, 226 Times New Roman typeface, 392 textarea element, 219, 570–572 title attribute, 47, 200 attributes, 571 of abbr element, 663 underline element (), 90, 224, of acronym element, 664 856–857 of address element, 666 deprecation, 74, 652 of anchor element, 105–108, 661 Text module (XHTML), 619, 621–622 of applet element, 669 text nodes in DOM, 593 of area element, 673 text-only browsers, 38, 39 of b element, 674 alternate text for image in, 302, 306 of big element, 678–679 headings display, 78 of blockquote element, 681 text properties (CSS), 521–526, 879–887 of body element, 685 letter-spacing property, 879–880 of br element, 687 line-height property, 880–881 of button element, 689–690 outline property, 881 of caption element, 692 text-align property, 882 of cite element, 694 text-decoration property, 526, of code element, 695 882–883 of col element, 697 text-indent property, 522, 523, of colgroup element, 700 883–884 of dd element, 702–703 text-shadow property, 884–885 of del element, 704 text-transform property, 885 of dfn element, 706 vertical-align property, 885–887 of dir element, 708 word-spacing property, 887 of div element, 709–710 text-to-speech browsers, frames and, of dl element, 711 237, 261 of dt element, 713 textarea element, 219, 570–572, of em element, 714 836–839 attributes, 571 of embed element, 716–717 of fieldset element, 718 tfoot element, 363, 366–367, 839–841 of form element, 723
tag. See table heading element ( ) of frame element, 726 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 964 964 title element—tunnel vision
of frameset element, 730 of tbody element, 829–830 of hn elements, 732 of td element, 835 of hr element, 735 of textarea element, 839 of i element (), 737–738 of tfoot element, 841 for image element (), 316 of th element, 847 of image element (), 746 of thead element, 850 of input element, 752 of tr element, 854 of ins element, 755 of tt element, 855 of kdb element, 757 of u element, 857 of label element, 759–760 of ul element, 858–859 of legend element, 765 of var element, 860 of li element, 767 title element, 68–69, 850 of link element, 500, 772 Tools menu (Internet Explorer) >> of map element, 774 Internet Options, 304 of marquee element, 777 tooltips of menu element, 779 alternate text for image in, 302, 312 of noframes element, 784–785 to display anchor title, 105, 106 of noscript element, 786 top alignment of object element, 481, 791 of inline images, 307 of ol element, 794 for table cells and rows, 354 of optgroup element, 796–797 top attribute, of layer element, 763 of option element, 798 top property (CSS), 539, 914 of p element, 800 _top target for link, 259 of pre element, 803 topmargin attribute, of body element, 432–433, 685 of q element, 805
tag. See table row element ( ) of samp element, 806 transitional DOCTYPE declaration, 494 of select element, 811 for HTML, 65, 66, 651, 656 of small element, 812 for XHTML, 66, 614, 651, 657 of span element, 815 transparent GIF images, 323–325, 324 of strike element, 816 troubleshooting, relative URLs, 122 of strong element, 817–818 truespeed attribute, of marquee of style element, 819 element, 777 of sub element, 821 tag (teletype element), 90, 226, of sup element, 822 387, 854–856 of table element, 827 tunnel vision, 178, 178 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 965 turning off graphics—usemap attribute 965
turning off graphics, 303–305 Uniform Resource Locator (URL). type attribute See URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of anchor element, 661 units of measurement, for CSS properties, 510, 871–872 of button element, 690 Universal Transformation Formats of input element, 557, 752–753 (UTFs), 387 for check box, 565 University of Illinois, 6 for file fields, 569 unordered lists, 79, 81, 214 for password field, 567 attributes, 83 for radio button, 561 specifying bullets, 531 for text field, 558 unparsed entity, 642 of li element, 767–768 unvisited links, color of, 96, 118 of link element, 500, 772 uploading files for lists, 84 file fields for, 568–570 of object element, 481, 791 with FTP, 147–150 of ol element, 794 with HTTP (Hypertext Transfer of param element, 482, 801 Protocol), 150 of script element, 808 with other tools, 151 of spacer element, 813–814 uppercase text, text-transform property of style element, 494, 819–820 for, 885 of ul element, 859 uptime for web server, 144 typography. See web typography URI (Uniform Resource Identifier), 71 URL (Uniform Resource Locator) U absolute, 119–120 ul element, 80–81, 214, 857–859 copying and pasting, 103 attributes, 83, 84 defining base, 70 underline element (), 90, 224, for href attribute, 102 856–857 relative, 120–121 deprecation, 74, 652 troubleshooting, 122 underlining, 89–90 and white space, 110 removing for links, 453–454 usability issues, in form design, text-decoration property for, 544–546 882–883 usemap attribute Unicode, 386–387, 643 of image element (), 746 XML use of, 632 of image map, 319 Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), 71 of imagemap, 316 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 966
966 user analysis—visibility attribute
of input element, 753 of th element, 354, 847 of object element, 791 of thead element, 850 user analysis, 160 value attribute user-centered authoring, 159 of button element, 690 User Interface Engineering, 467 of input element, 553, 557, 753 userAgent string, for browser detection, for check box, 565 439–440 for radio button, 561–562 users of li element, 768 entry into website, 21 of option element, 573, 574, 799 and information content planning, of param element, 482, 801 160–162 values, for attributes, 52–53 organization, 16 valuetype attribute, of param element, reconciling with company 482, 802 interests, 164–165 variable element (), 90, 230–231, learning navigation of site, 22 231, 859–861 and style sheets, 489 variables, 652 and visual metaphor, 18 VBScript, 9 UTFs (Universal Transformation Verdana typeface, 392 Formats), 387 verifying links, 129–132 V tools for, 131–132 version attribute validation of html element, 736 of web page, 436–439 of XML declaration, 645 of XML document structure, 641–642 vertical-align property (CSS), 521, 885–887 validator, 35, 40–41 vertical frames, 236, 244–245 valign attribute vertical shadow offset, for text of col element, 698 shadow, 884 of column group element, 365, 701 Vi (Linux/Unix), 36, 150 order of precedence in table video, 475–476 elements, 373 VideoCraft, 328 of table data element, 291, 354, 835–836 viewing web documents, 62–63 of table row element, 291, 352, virtual domain, 139 354, 854 Virtual Reality Markup Language of tbody element, 830 (VRML), 464 of tfoot element, 841 visibility attribute, of layer element, 763 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 967
visibility property (CSS)—web pages 967
visibility property (CSS), 914 web browsers. See browsers vision field loss, 181, 181 web design, 4 visited links, color of, 96, 118 Web Design Group, 57 visual cues in navigation system, 22–25 validation services, 439 branding, 23, 23 Web Developer’s Virtual Library, 57 breadcrumb trail, 24, 24 web-hosting service, finding, 135–136 color, 22–23 Web Monkey, 57 labels, 24–25 web page creation, 60–62 visual vocabulary, 25 document structure elements, visual metaphor in design, 17, 17–18 63–71. See also body element; DOCTYPE declaration visually impaired head element, 67–70, 732–733 adaptive technologies for, 177, 182–183 html element, 67, 735–736 screen readers for, 26 meta element, 69–70, 780–781 vlink attribute, of body element, 96, 97, 686 title element, 68–69, 850 volume property for aural style sheet, web pages. See also publishing web 536, 537 documents vrml attribute, of image element collapsible, 599–608 (), 746–747 default, 122–123 VRML (Virtual Reality Markup elements for logical parts, 45 Language), 464 layout for Internet Explorer, vspace attribute 432–433 of applet element, 669 layout for Netscape Navigator, of iframe element, 741 450–453 of image element (), marking changes, 231–233 314–315, 747 name attribute to mark location of marquee element, 777 in, 659 of object element, 481, 792 placement of menu, 175–177 posting form responses on, 580 removing frames, 265–266 W restricting access to, 137 W3C validator, 40–41, 41 saving, 60 Walbaum typeface, 402 guidelines, 61 watermark, 189 size recommendations, 27 WAV files, 474 style sheets. See Cascading Style wbr element, 861 Sheets (CSS) 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 968
968 web resources—well formed documents
tools to create, 35–41 web typography, 381–383 validating, 436–439 approaches, 383–390 viewing, 62 tag. See font element web resources
tag, 76, 76, 212–213, about style guides, 156 387, 802–804 on alt attribute and accessibility, 306 tag, 90, 226, 387, 854–856 on cgiemail, 581 graphics, 384–385, 403–405 on charsets, 114 style sheets, 388–390 on color, 190 color, 408–410 deprecated attributes, 652 in graphics, 408 on Document Object Model, and HTML, 409 591, 594 and style sheets, 409–410 on dynamic page creation, 595 families and faces, 390–398 on form processing scripts, 580 and tag, 392–393 for freeware image collections, 330 and graphics, 390–391 on GIFs, 325 and style sheets, 393–398 for hexadecimal color references, 409 HTML example, 410–413, 411 on HTML Indexer, 167 style sheets example, 414–415, 415 for HTML Tidy, 626 type form, 399–403 on PNG file format, 321 and graphics, 399 for scripts, 595 and HTML, 400–401 on style sheets, 498 and style sheets, 401–403 on table accessibility, 374 type size on typography, 221, 382 and HTML, 405–406 on web development for and style sheets, 407–408 Navigator 4, 446 webbed organization of information, on web error messages, 129 169–170, 170 web-hosting services, 135–136 webImage, 328 on web servers, 145 WebQA, 131 on Web Site icons, 457 WebReference.com, 57 web site development and maintenance. weight of font, 399 See planning style sheets and, 401–403, 878–879 Web Site icons, Netscape Navigator Weinman, Lynda, 409 support for, 457 well formed documents, 51–52, web standards, 421–422 641–642 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 969Whimsy typeface—Windows Media Player 969
Whimsy typeface, 398 border-top-width property white space for, 896 blockquote element for, 272 border-width property for, 896–897 cellpadding attribute and, 349, 349 of image border, 313–314 between image and text, 314–315 width attribute letter-spacing property (CSS), 879–880 of applet element, 669 line break element and, 217 of col element, 697–698 line-height property to set leading, of colgroup element, 700 880–881 of column group element, 365 paragraph element and, 204, of embed element, 717 274–277 of hr element, 92, 207, 735 pre element and, 212–213. See also of iframe element, 262, 741 preformatted element (
) of image element (), in style definitions, 510 311–313, 747 tables to create margins, 378 of layer element, 763 and URL, 110 of marquee element, 778 word-spacing property, 887 of multicol element, 782 in XHTML, 52 of object element, 481, 792 in XHTML attribute values, 624 of pre element, 213, 803 in XML, 640 of table element, 287, 345–346, widgets in forms, 549–550, 550 357, 827–828 widows property in HTML 4.01 and XHTML model, 373–374 for printed media style sheets (CSS2), 538, 920 of td element, 836 width of th element, 847 of columns width property (CSS), 526, 903–904 for frames, 244 windows naming for linked page for tables, 364 display, 111 of element border opening media file in new, 429 border-bottom-width property target to open, 255 for, 892 Windows Bitmap (BMP) format, border-left-width property for, 321–322 893–894 Windows Media Player, 466 border-right property for, 894 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 970970 Windows operating system—XML
Windows operating system XHTML (eXtensible Hypertext commonly available fonts, 99 Markup Language), 10, 613, 650. See also dynamic (X)HTML statistics on use, 420 attribute values in, 207 for web server, hardware requirements, 144 code appearance, 42, 42–55 WinGIF, 328 compatibility with older HTML browsers, 624–625 wireless devices, HTML/XHTML for, 30 conformance management, word break, forcing, 861 615–616 word processors, 36 DOCTYPE declarations, 614–615 drawing tools, 327 for frameset document, 239 saving file type as Text or ASCII, 61 editors, 36–37 word-spacing property (CSS), 521, 887 empty elements in, 198 word spacing, with style sheets, 408 frames and, 241 word wrap vs. HTML, 31–32, 614, 622–625 pre element and, 212 planning for, 155 for table cells and rows, 355–356 Internet Explorer version 6 support World Wide Web for, 422 client/server relationship in, 11–12 modularization, 616–622 how it works, 4–12 nesting restrictions, 624 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 8 Netscape Navigator support for, 448 founding, 13–14 origins, 33–34 and HTML, 33–34 planning for, 154–155 specifications, 421 porting HTML to, 625–626 validation services, 437, 438 possible uses, 30 web resources from, 55, 56 releases, 241 and XHTML, 617–618 typing elements and attributes, 51–55 WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editors, 37 version 2.0 release, 651 World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and, 617–618 X XLink, 633 x coordinate, for element placement, 9 XML (Extensible Markup Language), 31, XBM (Portable Bitmap), 321–322 33–34, 626 XForms module, 618, 633 for data portability, 629–631 XFrames, 34, 241, 633, 651 declaration, 645–646 4209indx.qxd 2/21/03 12:22 PM Page 971
XML Events modle—Zvon 971
entity references, 642–644 xml:lang attribute, 625 character entities, 642–643 xmlns attribute, of html element, mixed-content entities, 615, 736 643–644 xmlns namespace, 67 extensions, 633 XPath, 633 features, 632 XPointer, 633 goals, 631–632 XQuery, 633 vs. HTML, 635–636 XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Internet Explorer version 6 support Language), 633 for, 422 XSL Transformations (XSLT), 633 Netscape Navigator support for, 448 past, present and future, 633–634 Y processing instructions, 644–645 y coordinate, for element placement, 9 structure, 636–641 character data, 640–641 Z comments, 639 z coordinate, for element placement, 9 elements and attributes, z-index attribute, of layer element, 763 637–638 z-index property (CSS), 914–915 well formed documents, 641–642 Zip files, 319 XML Events modle, 618 Zvon, 57 XML Schema, 633