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University of Dundee DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY the Acquisition And University of Dundee DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY The acquisition and use of Norwegian timber in seventeenth century Scotland, with reference to the principal building works of James Baine, His Majesty's Master Wright Newland, Katharyne Award date: 2010 Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 11. Oct. 2021 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY The acquisition and use of Norwegian timber in seventeenth century Scotland, with reference to the principal building works of James Baine, His Majesty's Master Wright Katharyne Newland 2010 University of Dundee Conditions for Use and Duplication Copyright of this work belongs to the author unless otherwise identified in the body of the thesis. It is permitted to use and duplicate this work only for personal and non-commercial research, study or criticism/review. You must obtain prior written consent from the author for any other use. Any quotation from this thesis must be acknowledged using the normal academic conventions. It is not permitted to supply the whole or part of this thesis to any other person or to post the same on any website or other online location without the prior written consent of the author. Contact the Discovery team ([email protected]) with any queries about the use or acknowledgement of this work. THE ACQUISITION AND USE OF NORWEGIAN TIMBER IN SEVENTEENTH CENTURY SCOTLAND, WITH REFERENCE TO THE PRINCIPAL BUILDING WORKS OF JAMES BAINE, HIS MAJESTY'S MASTER WRIGHT Katharyne Clare Newland VOLUME I: TEXT AND FIGURES A thesis submitted for the degree Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Dundee, February 2010 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Appendices .............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ iii Declaration ............................................................................................................................. iv Abstract ................................................................................................................................... v Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... vi Notes ..................................................................................................................................... vii List of illustrations ............................................................................................................... viii Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 Glossary ................................................................................................................................ 17 PART ONE: TIMBER IMPORTS: PRODUCTION AND PURCHASE Chapter 1: Timber imports to Scotland ................................................................................. 30 Chapter 2: The water driven sawmill, mass production and deforestation ........................... 51 Chapter 3: The Scottish timber trade with western Norway ................................................. 66 PART TWO: JAMES BAINE: THE KING’S MASTER WRIGHT Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 103 Chapter 4: The Incorporation of Wrights and Masons of Mary’s Chapel, Edinburgh ........ 105 Chapter 5: James Baine - Craftsman and Entrepreneur ...................................................... 115 Chapter 6: The King’s Craftsmen and Holyrood ................................................................ 127 Chapter 7: Networks - Clients and Craftsmen .................................................................... 137 Chapter 8: Baine’s Bankruptcy ........................................................................................... 147 PART THREE: JAMES BAINE: PRINCIPAL BUILDING WORKS Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 158 Chapter 9: Panmure House, Angus ..................................................................................... 160 Chapter 10: Glamis Castle, Angus ...................................................................................... 208 Chapter 11: Brechin Castle, Angus ..................................................................................... 260 Chapter 12: Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 310 ii APPENDICES Appendix A: Nedstrand Toll Records 1630 – 1640 ....................................................325 Appendix B: Members of the Incorporation of Mary's Chapel 1669-1695.................365 Appendix C: James Baine Register of Deeds 1666-1694..............................................366 Appendix D: Panmure timber purchases.......................................................................367 Appendix E: GD45 Dalhousie Muniments – Panmure/Brechin....................................370 Bibliography..................................................................................................................480 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was only made possible by the support, help, information and advice received from numerous individuals and institutions. I would like to thank the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland for providing me with the means for my initial research and to Statoil ASA for funding my Ph.D. studentship at the University of Dundee. Many institutions and their patient staff have helped to provide much of the material used in this research. I am very grateful to all of them for their help in locating many of the sources, both written and pictorial, examined in this work: the British Library, Dundee Central Library, Dundee City Archives, Edinburgh City Archives, Karmsund Folkemuseum, National Archives of Scotland, National Library of Scotland, National Maritime Museum, the National Trust for Scotland, Perth Museums and Galleries, Polish Maritime Museum in Gdañsk, Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland, Stavanger Museum, University of Dundee Archives, University of Edinburgh Archives, University of St Andrews Archives, Scottish Genealogy Society and Scottish National Portrait Gallery. This study involved visits to the buildings (or former site in the case of the Panmure) used in my research; visits that were made possible only by the kindness of owners who allowed me access, often to areas out of bounds to the public. Many thanks in particular to the Earl of Dalhousie (Brechin Castle), Simon Laird (Panmure Estates), and David Murdoch (Methven Castle). I am very grateful to many others who have given freely of their time, knowledge and expertise including: Fay Clark (Brechin Castle), Dr. Beverley Craw-Eismont, Dr Anne Crone (AOC Archaeology), Ian Flett (Dundee City Archives), Neil Grieve (University of Dundee), Bente Kvame (Stavanger Museum), Dr. Paula Martin, Coralie Mills (AOC Archaeology), Sue Mowat, Dr. Steve Murdoch (University of St.Andrews), Dr. Bruce Walker, Dr Mary Young (University of Dundee Archives), Rimantas Žirgulis (Kėdainiai Regional Museum, Lithuania), and Nina Østby-Pedersen. Tusen hjertelig takk til Harald Hamre, Anne Tove Austbø og Endre Elvestad; my friends and colleagues at the Stavanger Maritime Museum who first set me off on the voyage to discover more about the destiny of Norwegian timber in seventeenth century Scotland. Many thanks also to Dr. Arnvid Lillehammer who has generously shared his knowledge and understanding of skottehandelen - the Scottish trade, and also to Jørn Magne Flesjå who still uses an oppgangssag – saw, at his traditional boat-building yard in Ryfylke. At the University of Dundee, Professor Charles McKean, my supervisor, deserves an enormous thank you for his unwavering enthusiasm and encouragement, constructive comments and perseverance, helping me to gradually distinguish the wood from the trees. My second reader, Dr. Alan MacDonald, has similarly provided much valuable support and advice in the course of my research. I am also indebted to my fellow students who provided support and encouragement along the way, with my work frequently benefitting from their generosity and willingness to share the results of their own research; thanks to Matt Davis, Sue Hewer, Janet Inglis, Alexandra Johnson, William Napier, Michael Pearce and Charles Wemyss. Finally, a huge thank you to my parents for providing such excellent board and lodgings on my frequent visits to Fife, and to Paul Brockbank - without his steadfast support, patience, and fortitude
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