Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada

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Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC PLACES IN CANADA A Federal, Provincial and Territorial Collaboration Second Edition STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC PLACES IN CANADA A Federal, Provincial and Territorial Collaboration Second Edition Front Cover photograph: The Jones Falls lockstation is part of the Rideau Canal waterway in Ontario, a national historic site of Canada and a world heritage site. The site contains known archaeological resources, buildings and engineering works situated in a cultural landscape. Back Cover photographs: Clockwise, from top left: Lunenburg, NS; Beechey Island, NU; Britannia Mines, BC; Quebec City, QC Compliance with the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada does not, in and of itself, confer immunity from legal obligations. The Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada is a pan-Canadian collaboration. The participating governments are: Catalogue Number R62-343/2010E-PDF ISBN 978-1-100-15953-9 © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2010 Cette publication est aussi disponible en français sous le titre : Normes et lignes directrices pour la conservation des lieux patrimoniaux au Canada (Deuxième édition) www.historicplaces.ca CONTENTS Foreword ................................................................. v Preface and Acknowledgements ............................................. vi Introduction ............................................................. viii Chapter 1: The Conservation Decision-Making Process .............................3 Chapter 2: The Conservation Treatments: Preservation, Rehabilitation and Restoration ..... 15 Chapter 3: The Standards for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada ............. 21 The Standards .............................................. 22 Chapter 4: The Guidelines for the Conservation of Historic Places in Canada ............. 41 4.1 Guidelines for Cultural Landscapes, including Heritage Districts ................... 49 4.1.1 Evidence of Land Use ........................................ 51 4.1.2 Evidence of Traditional Practices ............................... 55 4.1.3 Land Patterns ............................................. 59 4.1.4 Spatial Organization ....................................... 63 4.1.5 Visual Relationships ........................................ 67 4.1.6 Circulation ............................................... 71 4.1.7 Ecological Features ........................................ 75 4.1.8 Vegetation .............................................. 78 4.1.9 Landforms ............................................... 82 4.1.10 Water Features ........................................... 86 4.1.11 Built Features ............................................ 90 4.2 Guidelines for Archaeological Sites ...................................... 97 4.2.1 Archaeological Sites ...................................... 101 4.2.2 Sites in Urban Environments ................................. 109 4.2.3 Industrial Sites ........................................... 111 4.2.4 Sites in Cultural Landscapes ................................. 113 4.2.5 Sites in Protected Natural Areas .............................. 115 4.2.6 Sites Underwater ........................................ 117 4.2.7 Rock Art and Culturally-modified Trees ......................... 119 4.2.8 Culturally-sensitive Places ................................... 122 4.3 Guidelines for Buildings .............................................. 127 4.3.1 Exterior Form ............................................ 129 4.3.2 Interior Arrangement ...................................... 134 4.3.3 Roofs .................................................. 139 4.3.4 Exterior Walls ............................................ 146 4.3.5 Windows, Doors and Storefronts .............................. 153 4.3.6 Entrances, Porches and Balconies .............................. 160 4.3.7 Interior Features ......................................... 167 4.3.8 Structural Systems ......................................... 174 4.3.9 Mechanical and Electrical Systems .............................. 181 4.4 Guidelines for Engineering Works, including Civil, Industrial and Military Works ...... 191 4.4.1 Constructed Elements ..................................... 194 4.4.2 Functional Arrangement ................................... 204 4.5 Guidelines for Materials ............................................. 213 4.5.1 All Materials ............................................ 214 4.5.2 Wood and Wood Products ................................... 217 4.5.3 Masonry ................................................ 222 4.5.4 Concrete .............................................. 229 4.5.5 Architectural and Structural Metals ............................ 234 4.5.6 Glass and Glass Products ................................... 239 4.5.7 Plaster and Stucco ........................................ 243 4.5.8 Miscellaneous Materials .................................... 246 References Glossary .................................................. 253 Bibliography ............................................... 257 Photo Credits ............................................... 279 FOREWORD Canada’s historic places are a living The development of this 2010 edition of legacy for all Canadians. Ensuring a the Standards and Guidelines has built future for these treasures will allow the on the strong foundation of the initial next generations to use these excep- version using a similar collaborative, tional places in ways both old and new. pan-Canadian approach. New categories This revised edition of the Standards and topics have been added and best and Guidelines for the Conservation of practices updated. This federal, provincial, Historic Places in Canada constitutes territorial collaboration ensures that the an essential tool to guide decisions that unique experiences of Canada’s primary will give historic places new life while departments and organizations respon- protecting their heritage value. sible for heritage were reflected in this important tool. The 2003 version of the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of On behalf of Parks Canada, I am proud to Historic Places in Canada has been a adopt the 2010 edition of the Standards tremendous success. It has been adopted and Guidelines for the Conservation of by government bodies and major munici- Historic Places in Canada. This docu- palities across Canada, thereby helping ment will guide Parks Canada and its to create a culture of conservation to partners in heritage stewardship across preserve Canada’s unique and irreplace- the country and in the establishment of able heritage for successive generations. world class conservation practices that Since then, regular use in the field by help conserve our national treasures and federal, provincial, territorial and munici- ensure that Canadians can learn about — pal governments, heritage conservation and have extraordinary experiences of professionals, heritage developers and discovery at — these historic places. many individual Canadians has provided the practical experience and insights to Alan Latourelle formulate additional guidance on cat- Chief Executive Officer egories of historic places such as cultural Parks Canada landscapes, archaeological sites, modern buildings and engineering works. stanDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR THE CONSERVatION OF HISTORIC PLACES IN CANADA v PReface AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The primary purpose of the Standards CHANGES SINCE THE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS and Guidelines for the Conservation of LAST EDITION In 2003, the publication of the Standards Historic Places in Canada is to provide This second edition of the Standards and Guidelines for the Conservation of sound, practical guidance to achieve good and Guidelines expands and clarifies the Historic Places in Canada provided, for conservation practice. This document information contained in the original 2003 the first time, all levels of government, establishes a consistent, pan-Canadian edition. The revisions in this edition: conservation specialists, contractors and set of conservation principles and individuals with a pan-Canadian set of guidelines that will be useful to anyone n Address comments received from principles and guidelines for the conser- with an interest in conserving Canada’s users of the first edition of the vation of buildings, archaeological sites, historic places. It also provides guid- Standards and Guidelines; landscapes and engineering works. ance to those interested in applying for n Clarify the relationship between financial incentives for the conservation This second edition of the Standards and the Standards and Guidelines and a of historic places. Guidelines builds on this initial version. It Statement of Significance; was made possible by concerted analy- The intent of the document is not to n Better explain the conservation sis and review in order to update and replace the role of conservation prac- decision-making process; enhance a document that has become titioners or provide detailed technical an essential reference in the Canadian specifications appropriate to every n Provide interpretation of the fourteen conservation world. situation. Instead, it offers results-oriented Standards to clarify these important guidance for sound decision-making principles; The second edition of the Standards when planning for, intervening on, and n Add guidance for typical and Guidelines was produced thanks using an historic place.
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