Heritage Ottawa NEWSLETTER

Dedicated to Preserving Our Built Heritage Spring 2003 Volume 30, No. 1

of the We advocated having the President’s Report municipality provide a special category by David B. Flemming in the plan for the heritage properties The past four months have been busy under its control and use, and urged ones for heritage in Ottawa and for that it consider the adaptive re-use of your Board of Directors. The Ontario existing heritage buildings for municipal Government is proposing changes to the purposes before leasing or building. Ontario Heritage Act and the City of We also suggested the establishment of a Ottawa is engaged in a process leading heritage plaque program to commemorate to the production of numerous plans and interpret buildings and streetscapes, including a Heritage Plan and an other than those designated under the Official Plan, and a Downtown Urban Ontario Heritage Act. The municipality Design Strategy, all of which contain should also work closely with local directions and policies relating to the school boards in placing more emphasis City’s build heritage. Heritage Ottawa on using local heritage elements and has been involved in numerous consul- resources in school curricula. tation meetings and workshops relating The City’s draft Official Plan to these plans and we have submitted contains much of interest to those detailed responses to the various drafts concerned with our built heritage. It of each. Participation in the planning outlines the planning and development process is crucial if we are to have an regulations relating to all aspects of effect on how the City cares for its zoning and heritage protection. The James D.Georgiles heritage resources, especially the second draft of the plan incorporated preservation of its built heritage. The Confederation Building casts its many of the suggestions which H.O. Numerous advocacy issues relating reflection on the Bank of Canada, Ottawa submitted on the first draft. Recent to the Nicholas/Waller/Laurier triangle, events led Heritage Ottawa to the former Caplan’s Department Store recommend more stringent regulations building on Rideau Street and high-rise concerning density transfers, applications proposals by Ashcroft Homes Limited The Planning for minor variances and the criteria for for Centretown have resulted in action reviewing development applications. by Heritage Ottawa. Season Heritage Ottawa supports the The past few months have been by David B. Flemming re-establishment of the Design Review a learning experience for your new Committee, comprised of professional President. I have been helped in my ur response to the Ontario architects and urban designers, to ensure “education” by Past-President Heritage Act review was to that design criteria are followed in new Carolyn Quinn, who despite her five O support amendments which: (a) developments. The Committee should years of work as President, continues to would provide municipalities with include members who have professional show a keen interest and zeal for the the power to prevent demolition of heritage expertise to ensure that the preservation of Ottawa’s built heritage. designated heritage properties and (b) design of new developments is sensitive As we approach the 2003 Annual provide support for municipalities in to, and compatible with, nearby General Meeting, we hope to begin cataloguing and documenting their heritage resources. implementation of a re-organization heritage buildings. In the Heritage Plan and revitalization of Heritage Ottawa. consultation, we sought to have cultural More news on that front at a later date. landscapes included as an integral part Continued on page 2

1 Planning Continued… The Lépine Affair by David B. Flemming Our response to the Ontario Heritage Act or more than a decade, plans review was to support were devised for the development F of the Nicholas/Waller/Laurier amendments which would triangle, also known as civic address - provide municipalities 50 Laurier Avenue East. The City of Ottawa, National Capital Commission, with the power to prevent Heritage Ottawa and Action Sandy Hill demolition of designated were involved in discussion of how to develop the NCC-owned property and heritage properties and to yet retain the five late 19th - early 20th provide support for munici- century homes on the site. In the fall of investigated. Your President and 2001, NCC agreed to sell the site to Past-President were interviewed exten- palities in cataloguing Groupe Lépine, a Montreal based sively in both the electronic and print and documenting their development company which agreed to media, calling upon the City to take incorporate four of the buildings (one of quick and decisive action against the heritage buildings. which has municipal heritage designation) developer for neglect and destruction in a 212 unit high rise apartment building. of the buildings. Nearly three months Preservation of the four buildings was later, the City has yet to recommend a In view of the sad loss of two made a condition of the Site Plan course of action to Council although it historic buildings in the Nicholas/ Approval Agreement. The City waived is expected that such a recommenda- Waller/Laurier triangle, described all permit fees for the developer and the tion will be forthcoming by early March in the article “Lépine Affair” published Committee of Adjustment allowed the of this year. in this issue, Heritage Ottawa recom- addition of six more stories after the Although Ottawa’s Development mends, that in any development initial agreement had been signed. Services Department has stated its which involves the relocation or partial The four buildings were moved intent to fine the developer for the retention of a heritage building, the from their original foundations to permit destruction of the two buildings without developer should have to provide a construction of portions of the modern a demolition permit, the maximum financial security to the City. This building and were moved back onto the fine permissible represents only an security or bond, would be a condition site in October 2002. During the insignificant fraction of the total value of the Site Plan Control agreement and evening of November 13-14, one of the of the development. Heritage Ottawa would be an amount determined by a buildings suddenly collapsed and the has written to the General Manager qualified restoration architect. It should next day the developer demolished of Development Services and the be sufficient to ensure the completion another, having deemed it in imminent Mayor and Councillors urging that the of the agreed upon stabilisation and danger of collapse. Before City develop- developer be fined in accordance with restoration work. ment officials had time to examine the the value of the loss of the two buildings site, the developer has removed all and to include in the new Official Plan, remnants of the two buildings. a clause which would require developers Heritage Ottawa immediately in similar situations to post a significant called for the City to issue a stop-work financial security as a condition of the Heritage Ottawa order on the site while this matter was Site Plan Control agreement. NEWSLETTER Heritage Ottawa is a non-profit Annual General Meeting organization dedicated to advocating the preservation, restoration, and Thursday, May 29, 2003 at 7:30 p.m. adaptive re-use of the National Guest Speaker – Stuart Lazear Capital’s built and natural heritage. Senior Heritage Planner, City of Ottawa Editor: James D. Georgiles Graphic Designer: Jan Soetermans Rockcliffe Park Community Centre 380 Springfield Road Printing: Tina & Company (Free parking available on site)

2 Caplan Building Update by David B. Flemming

he on-again/off-again plans to of the Local Architectural Conservation T develop 135 Rideau Street, the Advisory Committee contained in Item former Caplan’s Department 6 of the Agenda for today’s meeting. Store has been well chronicled in these Heritage Ottawa supports the staff The Caplan Building facade. pages (Heritage Ottawa Newsletter, recommendation that the application to Marshal and City Council could see fit Winter 200, Vol.27, No.2, pp.1-3). After demolish 135 Rideau Street be refused to order demolition. lying empty for many years, in January based on the historical significance of Next Monday evening, the 2003, the owner Canril Corporation the building as an integral part of the City Council will present Ottawa applied for a demolition permit for the Byward Market Heritage Conservation Architectural Conservation Awards to building as a result of a repair or demol- District and as one of the last remaining 15 deserving individuals, companies and ish order by the Fire Marshal. City staff vestiges of the historic retail/commercial organizations in recognition of excel- and LACAC recommended that the tradition of Rideau Street. The former lence in restoration, adaptive re-use and application be refused. Planning and location of Caplan’s Department Store, infill as it relates to our built heritage. Development Committee considered the this building represents the history of By rejecting the application for demoli- matter on February 13 and after along retail business in Ottawa and the expan- tion of the Caplan building, the debate and the defeat of three amend- sion of smaller dry goods shops to larger Committee and Council will be making ments which would have approved the department stores during the first a bold assertion of the priority of heritage demolition permit, the Committee decades of the 20th century . Despite it preservation in our new “smart” City; a supported the staff decision to refuse the deteriorated condition, the Caplan statement more meaningful than words application and directed that City staff building is also a very good example of in an Official Plan or a replica of a work with the property owner to find the architectural style which was popular facade of a long demolished building. ways to comply with the Fire Marshal’s for commercial architecture during the Perhaps on some future Heritage Day, order. City Council was scheduled to last third of the 19th century. Its demo- Council will present an award for the consider the recommendation of lition would diminish the historical imaginative, adaptive re-use of the Planning and Development Committee streetscape of Rideau Street. For these Caplan building, a preserved element at its February 26 meeting, however the reasons, we also support the designation of our City’s proud built heritage. matter was deferred so that City staff of the building under Part IV of the Thank you for your attention. could investigate the practicality of Ontario Heritage Act. stabilising the Rideau Street facade. In Approval of the application to the meantime, a minor fire of suspicious demolish would also set a dangerous Announcement origin broke out in the building on precedent and could lead to the further February 19 making the need to resolve loss of historically significant examples Call for Nominations to the issue even more crucial. City staff’s of our City’s built heritage. We have fill Positions on the Board recommendation on the facade stabilisa- seen recently in the case of the loss of of Directors and on tion will be considered along the with the two 19th century buildings on the Committees of the Board recommendation from Planning and Groupe Lépine construction site at Vacant Officers: Development Committee at the City 50 Laurier Avenue East, that even an Vice-President and Secretary Council meeting scheduled for March approved Site Plan Control Agreement Committees of the Board: 26. Heritage Ottawa’s presentation to cannot protect our built heritage from Finance; Membership; the Committee is reprinted below: neglect by the owner. The deterioration Newsletter & Publicity; of the Caplan building since its sale to Public Programs; Remarks by Heritage Ottawa the current owner has not led to the Research & Publication; President, David B. Flemming to collapse or demolition of the structure Community Advocacy and the City of Ottawa’s Planning and as in the Lépine case but has resulted in Strategic Planning a Fire Marshal’s notice being issued to Development Committee on either repair or demolish it. Approval For further information please Thursday, February 13, 2003. of this owner’s request to demolish contact Carolyn Quinn, Chair Thank you Mr. Chairman. would encourage owners of other of the Nominations Committee, buildings of historical and architectural by phone at 728-7541 or by I am here today to express Heritage interest to allow their structures to e-mail at [email protected] Ottawa’s support for the recommendations deteriorate to the point where the Fire

3 Farewell to a President; Welcome to a Past President by Gordon Cullingham

ur pleasure at welcoming our and Carleton, and later taking Julian Stanley Street new President David Flemming Smith’s Heritage Preservation Program in New O is tempered only by the event in Carleton’s School of Canadian Edinburgh, that caused it to happen. That was the Studies. This was followed by freelance most particu- resignation of Carolyn Quinn, a research work for the Ontario Heritage larly its resignation that appealed only to her Foundation, the Department of Indian remarkable ‹ and then perhaps not wholeheartedly. and Northern Affairs and others. During murals We’ll miss her name at the bottom of this period Carolyn Quinn married throughout the “President’s Report,” on the Rob Austen and produced two children, the interior Agenda and on the Minutes. But not, Connor and Hilary, now aged eleven of the church I bet, on Letters to the Editor, and on and eight. Not all her passions were as well as the Carolyn Quinn those radio and television interviews in for old heritage buildings. attached which she so signally advanced our After almost six years as President, monastery plus cause. For Carolyn is stepping down Carolyn must have some memories, the exterior. Only the mocking tower only from an office, not from a memories of all kinds. I talked to her remains. And lots of ongoing unease, devotion. In fact, the event that about this, and tapped some of that unease over the on-again, off-again precipitated her official departure was lode. What, for instance, is she most Caplan’s fate, over the Lépine penalty, itself a heritage assignment ‹ as Editor proud of. Well, that turns out to be, and above all, over the NCC’s urban of the Heritage Canada Foundation’s surprisingly, some corporate events. cowboy antics. magazine Heritage. So Carolyn Quinn There is the new powerful Board Sometimes the object of isn’t going to be far away. of Directors, a healthy financial condi- Carolyn’s energy was to prevent tion, the introduction of computer construction. A memorable example capabilities into the office, the establish- was our organised attempt to stop ment of our Web Site. She is proud of the erection of the CHUM television Carolyn addressed the her maternity of Michael Potter’s transmitting tower on a rooftop in sponsorship of the Walking Tour the Market. After strenuous efforts “Annual Meeting” of the program, of the season of Armchair we failed. And now we look on the NCC last year, and Tours in 1999 and of her involvement amiable result with some amusement; in the triumphant and lasting Walking it is the Market. concluded with this eloquent Tours and in the Trolley Tour of 1998. But for Carolyn Quinn, for most injunction “Please, don’t On the preservation side, her salvation of us, the big issue of the past six years of the Collins House is a testament, has been the National Capital destroy the shrine to make as well as the retention of most of the Commission, and its repeatedly asserted way for the pilgrims.” Ogilvy facade. The Nicholas Waller and withdrawn threats to commandeer Triangle was another preoccupying Ottawa’s prime historic retail street undertaking for a while, but with not (Sparks), and to sever it mercilessly by the same satisfying results. Also on the the gargantuan widening of Metcalfe disappointing side would be the Union ‹ all to serve a cause of federal She leaves behind a robust Mission Annex (53 Daly), the aggrandisement and tourist wooing. organisation, finely tuned to its purposes Woolworth’s and Kresge’s buildings on Carolyn addressed the “Annual and able to respond swiftly to heritage Sparks Street, the Standard Life-owned Meeting” of the NCC last year, emergencies and to effectively mount buildings on Bank Street south of Slater. and concluded with this eloquent campaigns and develop programs. All now gone, but remembered as injunction “Please, don’t destroy the Carolyn came along as President in painful lessons in not overestimating the shrine to make way for the pilgrims.” 1997 following Jennifer Rosebrugh’s value of designation under the existing posting to Moscow. She was well Ontario Heritage Act. Another sad prepared for heritage activism, having disappearance during those years was studied Canadian History at Queen’s the Church of St. Vincent de Paul on

4 * (NBCC). It has been providing this History of Barns in Canada service since the late 1930’s, and the Historical Perspective on Agricultural Structures (part two) first edition was published in 1941. By the late 1950’s, discussion of the require- by Ineke Van Zeeland B.Eng. M.Eng. ment for building standards that were specific to farm buildings was coming to General History of Engineering the forefront. The NRCC sponsored a in Agriculture in Canada special meeting under the the aegis of the Chairman of the Associate In Canada, engineering of agricultural Committee on the National Building structures did not really begin until the Code, with representation from provin- 20th century. It began to be realised that cial departments of agriculture, universi- there could be engineering solutions to ties, and commercial wood and steel the problems farmers faced. Research associations to discuss the advisability of into engineering of farm structures assembling a set of standards or code for began to be performed by agricultural farm structures. A recommendation was colleges, provincial agricultural depart-

Drawing by: Ineke Van Zeeland Drawing by: Ineke Van made to establish a code for farm buildings ments, and by the federal government that addressed design, fire, safety and Department of Agriculture. This multi-use barn is located in the health standards, as a supplement to the Ottawa Valley, Ontario. It was probably Plans for agricultural structures were NBCC. The Farm Building Standards constructed in the late 1800s. The exterior beginning to be drafted across Canada, Committee was formed and its members wall columns rest on beams that are resting but there was no consistency in proce- were engineers and specialists from on a short stone foundation. The interior dure and there was duplication of work. universities, government, and related columns each rest directly on a single stone There was also no method for national industries and services. embedded in the earth floor. This structure distribution of recent innovations and In 1964, the “Farm Building complies with the “low human occupancy solutions from the research centres to Standards, Supplement No.6 to the load” requirement of the Canadian Farm those who would apply the information. NBCC” was published. It was a guide for Building Code 1990. In 1944, the National Committee the design, construction, remodelling on Agricultural Engineering (NCAE) and evaluation of a wide variety of farm was formed and its inaugural meeting to barns. By the following year the buildings, excluding the farm house. It was held in the Chateau Laurier Hotel outline of a program for plan exchange provided general recommendations and in Ottawa. The establishment of a and distribution was submitted to the detailed specifications to serve as refer- coordinated building plan service Executive of the National Advisory ences. It covered basic standards, which covering farm buildings and facilities Committee on Agricultural Services, dealt primarily with specifications relat- was first recommended at this meeting. which was made up of representatives ed to design and construction of new The original idea was to coordinate the from all the govermental departments of farm buildings, and the alteration of cooperative exchange of farm housing agriculture and the agricultural colleges. existing buildings; good practice and and service building plans among federal Collaboration with representative performance, which related primarily to and provincial institutions. At the animal specialists and other groups in the functional requirements of farm 1944 NCAE meeting, a sub-committee compiling data for the proposed building buildings and to good construction prac- on Farm Buildings was set up to study plan service began. The Federal tices; and, the appendices, which the problem. The sub-committee Government decided to finance the included technical data and information considered available plans and accept editing of plan catalogues in English and as reference material for the various some. A small number of plans were French, and the printing of the initial sections to the code. The specifications redrafted, but by 1949 there were not plans. Provincial organisations would refered primarily to structural sufficiency, yet enough to start a plan service and handle the distribution. And thus, the fire prevention, safety, and health and no funds were available for distribution Canadian Farm Building Plan Service, sanitation.(5) of plans. later to be called the Canada Plan The first five editions, from 1964 In the early 1950’s, access to farm Service, was finally created. to 1977, of the Canadian Farm Building housing plans was no longer a problem Code (CFBC) contained a considerable The National Research due to the efforts of provincial housing amount of useful farm information. Council of Canada committees and the Central Mortgage But it was decided that much of the and Housing Corporation. At the The National Research Council of material was outside the scope of Second Conference of the NCAE in Canada (NRCC) is responsible for the 1952 (3), it was reported that 446 plans editing, revising and publishing of the had been collected, 243 of which related National Building Code of Canada Continued on page 8

5 Architectural Conservation Awards 2003

The City of Ottawa through its annual Sir Wilfred Laurier and William Lyon To recreate the porch, scale drawings Ottawa Architectural Conservation Awards Mackenzie King. Parks Canada’s com- were produced using an historic photo of recognises excellence in the preservation prehensive plan for the building includ- the original. Construction of the porch of Ottawa’s architectural heritage. ed the restoration of the windows, required more than 1,000 pieces of wood Submissions were received in the masonry foundation, verandah, and and more than 4,000 stainless steel fas- following categories: Restoration landscape to Mackenzie King’s era. In teners. A handrail was added to the first (returning a heritage resource to its addition, a new slate roof was installed. floor in order to meet the requirements of the Building Code. It was built of original form, material and integrity); Certificate recipients: Adaptive Use (modification of a glass and stainless steel to minimise its Parks Canada heritage resource to contemporary • visual impact. • Heritage Conservation Program, functional standards while retaining Certificate recipients: its heritage character); and Infill Real Property Services for Canadian (an addition to an historic building, Heritage and Environment Canada • Paul Denys or all-new construction within a his- • Public Works and Government • Jean Claude Bergeron toric context). Bronze plaques are Services Canada- Plouffe Park Shop mounted on Award of Excellence Certificate of Merit - award-winning projects, and major Certificate of Merit - Restoration (Landscape) contributors to each project receive Restoration Maplelawn Garden & framed certificates. Watson’s Mill Restoration Wall Restoration and Rehabilitation Award of Excellence - The walled garden at Maplelawn was Restoration Built in 1860, Watson’s Mill is a working constructed between 1831 and 1834 gristmill constructed of limestone cut and is one of the few walled gardens Dominion-Chalmers United Church directly from the banks of the Rideau remaining in Canada. The garden was Sanctuary Restoration River. Restoration work included repoint- first established as a vegetable garden Over the years a series of renovations ing of the foundation and walls and the and gradually evolved to become a floral and a disastrous fire diminished the repair of stone lintels and sills. Watson’s showcase. In the 1930s, Warren Oliver, character of the Dominion-Chalmers Mill continues to be the focal point in a senior horticulturalist at the Central United Church Sanctuary. A compre- cultural landscape that expresses the Experimental Farm, was commissioned hensive program of restoration was industrial heritage of the village of to prepare a design for the garden. undertaken to restore the sanctuary to Manotick and of the Rideau River. This plan was used to guide the extensive replanting of the gardens its original form and colour. The Certificate recipients: restoration program included the stabili- for this project. Restoration of the sation of plaster ceilings and restoration • Rideau Valley Conservation garden walls included replacement of plaster decorations, the restoration of Authority of wall foundations, repointing of painted surfaces to original finishes and • Watson’s Mill Manotick Inc. masonry, rebuilding of some portions colours, the re-instatement of dome sky- • Restoration Engineering of Brockville of the wall and replacement of some lights and the correction of structural • Morley Construction Inc. copingstones. The garden beds have problems in the balconies. • National Capital Engineering Ltd. been extensively replanted to follow the Warren Oliver plan. Certificate recipients: • Hubbard & Company • D & G Landscaping Inc. Certificate recipients: • Dominion Chalmers United Church • Robertson Architects and Associates Certificate of Merit - • National Capital Commission • Martin Conboy Lighting Design Restoration • Keystone Masonry • The Friends of Maplelawn Garden • Gerrard, Hossack and Associates Rochon House Porch Certificate of Merit - In 1898 father and son Flavien and Restoration Alphonse Rochon, principal wood carvers of Notre Dame Cathedral, Laurier House National Historic constructed an exuberantly carved Site Exterior Restoration porch for this Lowertown house which Laurier House National Historic Site belonged to Alphonse. The original commemorates the lives and work of porch was removed in the mid 1900’s.

6 Heritage Ottawa Booklet on Terra Cotta Funded by Ontario Trillium Foundation

n important and increasingly have, in the name of progress, rare element of Ottawa’s disappeared from downtown and A historic architecture will centretown Ottawa. The booklet will soon achieve greater prominence also discuss the manufacture of terra and recognition by Ottawa citizens and cotta and its unique advantages as a visitors to the National Capital, thanks late 19th and early 20th century building to a $9,700 grant recently awarded to material. Heritage Ottawa by the Ontario Architectural terra cotta is a Trillium Foundation. glazed or unglazed fired clay product The grant will fund Heritage used during the late 19th and early Ottawa’s publication of a self-guided 20th centuries to decorate or face walking tour booklet about the Ottawa’s building surfaces. Little noticed or terra cotta architecture, authored by appreciated, most of Ottawa’s terra urban planner and heritage consultant cotta buildings were constructed Barbara McMullen. between 1890 and 1918. Trillium’s Available in early Fall, 2003, the funding of the publication of the bilingual booklet will identify not bilingual booklet will help bring to only Ottawa’s remaining terra cotta public attention a little known, but Mullen decorated buildings, but also those that important part of Ottawa’s built c heritage. The booklet will complement the Barbara M Toronto Region The figure at the top of the Hope Building Architectural (61-63 Sparks Street–former Bible House) Conservancy’s is made of terra cotta, as is the rest of the 1990 Ontario architectural detailing decorating the upper terra cotta storey of the building. survey, which owing to the lack of a local activities in 2002, Heritage Ottawa architectural conducted eight architectural heritage conservancy walking tours and partnered with the branch, did not City in its popular first “Doors Open address Ottawa. Ottawa” event. Heritage The Ontario Trillium Foundation, Ottawa, of which an agency of the Ministry of Culture, Ms McMullen is receives annually $100 million of a Committee government funding generated through Member, is a Ontario’s charity casino initiative. registered non- The Foundation provides grants to profit organisa- eligible charitable and not-for-profit tion dedicated to organisations in the arts, culture, the preservation sports, recreation, environment and Mullen c of Ottawa’s social service sectors. historic built fabric. Among Barbara M its other heritage Close-up of terra cotta figure of “Hope” at 61-63 Sparks St. advocacy

7 Barns continued... Corrigendum traditional building code requirements. based on their low human occupancy So, the 1983 edition was completely load and the remote location of typical The article “The Alexandra re-written by a special task force that farm structures.(7) Interprovincial Bridge” which concentrated on traditional building appeared in the autumn 2002 code requirements of fire safety, health issue of this Newsletter, incor- and structural sufficiency. All subsequent Bibliography rectly stated that King Edward CFBCs have followed this format. The VII and Queen Alexandra (1) James H. Whitaker, Agricultural Buildings material from the 1977 edition of the visited Ottawa in September and Structures (Virginia: Reston Publishing 1901. Not so. It was their son code that did not relate to health, fire Company, 1979), p. 4. safety or structural sufficiency was made The Duke of Cornwall and (2) James H. Whitaker, Agricultural Buildings available in the Canadian Farm Buildings York and the Duchess Mary and Structures (Virginia: Reston Publishing (later King George V and Queen Handbook, published by the Canadian Company, 1979), p. 5. Government Publishing Centre. Mary) who visited Ottawa. The (3) C. Hamilton Kenney, Canada Plan Service: bridge was named in honour of The code only applies to those 25 Anniversary(1978), p. 2. farm buildings (“...a building or any Queen Alexandra. (4) C. Hamilton Kenney, Canada Plan Service: (Editor) part therof which does not contain a 25 Anniversary(1978), p. 8. residential occupancy and which is associated with and located on land (5) The Canadian Code for Farm Buildings (Farm Building Standards) 1970 (Ottawa: devoted to the practice of farming, N.R.C. 1970), Foreword. and used essentially for the housing of equipment or livestock, or the produc- (6) The Canadian Farm Building Code 1990 Acknowledgement (Ottawa: National Research Council of tion, storage or processing of agricultural Canada, 1990), p. 1. of Support and horticultural produce or feeds.”(6), Heritage Ottawa gratefully that have “low human occupancy”, (7) The Canadian Farm Building Code 1990 (Ottawa: National Research Council of acknowledges the financial that is, an occupant load of not more Canada, 1990), Preface...... support of the City of Ottawa than one person for each 40 square in the publication of this metres. Otherwise, the National Newsletter. Building Code must be adhered to. *Taken from a paper written by the author as The rationale for having special part of an assigned undergraduate project leading requirements for farm structures is to a B.Eng. degree.

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