Adolf Hitler to Seek Office for Life—Only
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A Historical Retrospect of the Nazi Party and Its Leaders," (Set No, I, Set of Fourty)
A historical retrospect of the Nazi Party and its leaders," (Set No, I, set of fourty) 1. November 9th 1923, the Nazi Party with Hitler as its leader felt strong enough to kick the Bavarian G-overnement out of its sad- dle. The marching Nazis when reaching the Odeonsplatz in Munich, were odered to stop. After ignoring the order tostop, they were fired upon and a total of 16 men were killed by machinegun fire. The Nazi Party thereafter was declared as illegal and was forbidden by law. Hitler himself, as the head and leader of the party was cobvicted to spend five years in jail. 2. The"BLOODFLAG", under which the first 16 Nazi victims were killed on November 9th 1923 on the Odeonsplatz at Munich* Later on this flag only was shown to the public when political events of im- portant nature took place. More or less, this flag was considered as a symbol of the party. 3. Hitler in his cell during imprisonment 1924 at Landsberg/Lech The party which had been forbidden, went underground so it couldn't be controlled by governement officials. Fin^llythe Bavarian governe- ment decided to set Hitler free because of J~oo much dangerous un- derground activities of the illegal Nazi party. 4. Adolf Hitler after becoming chancellor of the state, visiting the prison cell at Landsberg/Lech, where he spent nearly ten months. 5. Hitler, holding a speech in Munich on the stairs of the fa- mous " FELDHERRNHALLE ", eleven years after the first 16 members of his party were killed. -
Holocaust and World War II Timeline 1933 1934 1935
Holocaust and World War II Timeline 1933 January 30 German President Paul von Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany Feb. 27-28 German Reichstag (Parliament) mysteriously burns down, government treats it as an act of terrorism Feb. 28 Decree passed which suspends the civil rights granted by the German constitution March 4 Franklin Delano Roosevelt inaugurated President of the United States March 22 Dachau concentration camp opens as a prison camp for political dissidents March 23 Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, empowering Hitler to establish a dictatorship April 1 Nationwide Nazi organized boycott of Jewish shops and businesses April 7 Laws for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service bars Jews from holding civil service, university, and state positions April 26 Gestapo established May 10 Public burning of books written by Jews, political dissidents, and others July 14 The Nazi Party is declared the only legal party in Germany. Law on the Revocation of Naturalization stripping East European Jewish immigrants, as well as Roma (Gypsies), of German citizenship 1934 June 20 The SS (Schutzstaffel or Protection Squad), under Heinrich Himmler, is established as an independent organization. June 30 Night of the Long Knives – members of the Nazi party and police murdered members of the Nazi leadership, army and others on Hitler’s orders. Ernst Röhm, leader of the SA was killed. August 2 President von Hindenburg dies. Hitler proclaims himself Führer. Armed forces must now swear allegiance to him Oct. 7 Jehovah’s Witness congregations submit standardized letters to the government declaring their political neutrality Oct.-Nov. First major arrests of homosexuals throughout Germany Dec. -
Lesson 8: Handout 1 Timeline: Hitler’S Rise to Power
Lesson 8: Handout 1 Timeline: Hitler’s rise to power 1. 1919 — Weimar Constitution is adopted. The constitution creates separate executive, judicial, and legislative branches of government so that one group or person cannot hold all of the power. It also includes articles protecting civil liberties (freedoms) such as freedom of speech, freedom of assembly (freedom to meet in public), and freedom of religion. The constitution also protects privacy so that individuals cannot be searched without the court’s permission. 2. 1919 — The constitution includes Article 48. This article suspends the constitution in times of emergency, allowing the president to make rules without the consent of the parliament and to suspend (put on hold) civil rights, like freedom of speech, in order to protect public safety. Many people thought this article was a good idea because there were so many political parties in Germany that sometimes it was difficult for them to agree enough to pass any laws. At times of crisis, like the inflation Germany suffered in 1923 or the depression in 1929, it was important for government to respond quickly and not be held from action by politicians who can not agree. Thus, many Germans thought it would be wise to have a clause in the constitution that would allow the president to take over and make quick decisions in times of emergency. 3. July 1932 — The Nazi Party wins 37% of the votes. For the first time, the Nazis are the largest and most powerful political party in Germany. Still, over half of the German citi - zens do not vote for the Nazis and they still do not have enough seats in the Reichstag (parliament) to be able to pass laws without getting additional votes from representa - tives from other political parties. -
Chapter Six the War Grinds to a Gruesome End
Chapter Six The War Grinds to a Gruesome End 5 The Armistice came, the day we had dreamed of. The guns stopped, the fighting stopped. Four years of noise and bangs ended in silence. The killings had stopped. We were stunned. I had been out since 1914. I should have been happy. I was sad. I thought of the slaughter, the hardships, the waste, and the friends I had lost.1 —British sergeant-major Richard Tobin of the Army’s Royal Naval Division ussia’s withdrawal from the Great War in late 1917 was a major benefit to Germany and the other Central Powers. True, the Germans would have R to leave some manpower in place in the East in order to keep an eye on Ukraine, Poland, Finland, and Baltic states that it had received according to the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. But with Russia no longer a concern, Ger- man military commanders could still shift huge numbers of troops, guns, and other military resources to the Western Front, where the enemy remained for- midable. The only question that remained, according to German strategists, was whether this additional muscle would enable them to defeat reeling French and British armies before Americans troops began pouring into Europe. A Race Against Time for Germany In early 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II remained Germany’s emperor and the offi- cial commander-in-chief of its military. In reality, however, the war had elevat- ed the country’s generals to positions of influence that eclipsed the Kaiser. From 1916 to 1918, in fact, Germany operated under an unoffical military dictator- 89 Defining Moments: World War I and the Age of Modern Warfare ship—a “silent dictatorship” in the words of some historians—led by two men, Chief of the General Staff Paul von Hindenburg and his deputy, First Quar- termaster-General Erich Ludendorff (see biography, p. -
World Leaders: Adolf Hitler by Biography.Com Editors and A+E Networks, Adapted by Newsela Staff on 07.22.16 Word Count 679 Level 840L
World Leaders: Adolf Hitler By Biography.com Editors and A+E Networks, adapted by Newsela staff on 07.22.16 Word Count 679 Level 840L Adolf Hitler pictured in 1937 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Germany license Synopsis: Adolf Hitler was born in Austria in 1889 and became leader of the Nazi political group. Hitler led Germany from 1933 to 1945. His decisions caused World War II and the Holocaust, when millions of Jews were killed. Hitler and his wife, Eva Braun, killed themselves on April 30, 1945. Early Years Adolf Hitler was born in Austria, on April 20, 1889. When he was 3 years old, his family moved to Germany. During World War I, Hitler served in the German army, even though he was Austrian. After World War I, Hitler joined a political group called the DAP in 1919. Hitler adopted many of the DAP's ideas. These included blaming Jewish people for Germany's problems. The DAP changed its name to the National Socialist German Workers' Party, also known as the Nazis. Hitler designed the Nazi flag, a swastika in a white circle on a red background. Hitler became known for his hate-filled speeches. In 1921, he became leader of the Nazis. This article is available at 5 reading levels at https://newsela.com. Hitler's speeches began attracting followers. In 1923, Hitler and his followers stormed a meeting of 3,000 people at a beer hall. Hitler announced that the national revolution had begun and declared a new government. Hitler's attempt to take over the government failed after a short struggle and 20 deaths. -
Hitler Rise to Power OI
Name: ______________________________________ Hitler’s Rise to Power DBQ – Outside Information Directions: highlight or underline information related to the DBQ packet you just completed. In the early 1930s, the mood in Germany was grim. The worldwide economic depression had hit the country especially hard, and millions of people were out of work. Still fresh in the minds of many was Germany's humiliating defeat fifteen years earlier during World War I, and Germans lacked confidence in their weak government, known as the Weimar Republic. These conditions provided the chance for the rise of a new leader, Adolf Hitler, and his party, the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), or Nazi party for short. Hitler was a powerful and spellbinding speaker who attracted a wide following of Germans desperate for change. He promised the disenchanted a better life and a new and glorious Germany. The Nazis appealed especially to the unemployed, young people, and members of the lower middle class (small store owners, office employees, craftsmen, and farmers). The party's rise to power was rapid. Before the economic depression struck, the Nazis were practically unknown, winning only 3 percent of the vote to the Reichstag (German parliament) in elections in 1924. In the 1932 elections, the Nazis won 33 percent of the votes, more than any other party. In January 1933 Hitler was appointed chancellor, the head of the German government, and many Germans believed that they had found a savior for their nation. Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933, bringing an end to German democracy. -
Timeline Presentation
LESSON 4.2 TIMELINE June 1919 The Treaty of Versailles The Treaty of Versailles was signed in France in 1919. After the loss of World War I, Germany had to accept full responsibility for starting the war. Many Germans were shocked and angered over the terms of the treaty which deprived Germany of significant military power and territory, and imposed financial penalties. Allied delegates in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles witness the German delegation’s acceptance of the terms of the Treaty Of Versailles, the treaty formally ending World War I. Versailles, France, June 28, 1919. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD ushmm.org State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda August 1919 Ratification of Weimar constitution A national assembly drafted a democratic constitution, a new and unfamiliar form of government for Germans, initiated in the wake of World War I. Fearing the unknown, the delegates agreed to the inclusion of Article 48. The article allowed the democratic government to suspend basic rights in order to stabilize the country during a national crisis or emergency. ushmm.org State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda February 1920 Hitler presented 25-point program In this 25-point program, Nazi Party members publicly declared their intention to segregate Jews from “Aryan” society and to abrogate Jews’ political, legal, and civil rights. Point 4 stated: “ Only a national comrade can be a citizen. Only someone of German blood, regardless of faith, can be a citizen. Therefore, no Jew can be a citizen.” Pamphlet outlining the National Socialist Party 25-point program. -
The Weimar Constitution – Recap!
The Weimar Constitution – Recap! How is the President of Germany chosen? What is the role of the President? How is the Chancellor of Germany chosen? What is the role of the Chancellor? BONUS: Can you name any previous Presidents or Chancellors of Germany? The Weimar Constitution – Recap! How is the President of Germany chosen? He is chosen by a public vote every seven years. What is the role of the President? He does not get involved in day to day government, but in an emergency can use Article 48 or mobilise the army. How is the Chancellor of Germany chosen? He is chosen by the President. Usually this is given to the leader of the largest party in the Reichstag. What is the role of the Chancellor? He runs the government and proposes laws for the members of the Reichstag to pass. BONUS: Can you name any previous Presidents or Chancellors of Germany? Friedrich Ebert (chancellor and president), Gustav Stresemann (chancellor briefly) Paul von Hindenburg (President), Heinrich Bruning (Chancellor) 19/03/2021 How Hitler became the German Chancellor – 1932-1933 January 1932 • At the start of 1932 the Weimar Republic was struggling. The Wall Street Crash had led to huge economic trouble and growing unemployment. • Heinrich Bruning was the Chancellor of Germany, but was struggling to control the situation. He relied more and more on persuading President Hindenburg to pass laws using Article 48. Hindenburg was at heart a monarchist and didn’t really like democracy, so he was happy to rule by decree. • Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party was doing better than ever, they had won 108 seats during the 1930 Reichstag elections. -
3 1920S (Italy+Germany)
Awesome & Awe-Inspiring Information #3 Italy & Germany in the 1920s A Chronology on Fascism in Italy (thru 1929) 1896 Defeat of Italians by Ethiopians at Adowa 1912 Benito Mussolini becomes editor of socialist newspaper Avanti! ("Forward!") 1914 Mussolini expelled from Italian Socialist Party for his pro-war stance Mussolini starts his own new newspaper Il Popolo d'Italia 1915 Italy enters World War I on side of the Entente 1919 Formation of the first fasci (Fasci Italiani de Combattimento) Waves of strikes and land seizures begin, initiating a near civil war Poet Gabriele d'Annunzio organizes volunteers to occupy Fiume (Rijeka) 1920 Workers occupy factories in Turin & Milan 1921-22 Paralysis of parliamentary government in Italy 1922 "March on Rome': Mussolini comes to power as prime minister 1923 Italians invade and occupy island of Corfu Passage of Acerbo Election Law (gives 2/3 of seats to party with most votes) 1924 Mussolini's coalition gains 374 out of 535 seats in elections (by Acerbo Law) Murder of Giacomo Matteotti, leader of the parliamentary socialists 1926 By end of 1926, emergence of personal rule of Mussolini and Fascist monopoly 1929 Mussolini signs Lateran Pact with Papal authorities A Chronology on the Weimar Republic (thru 1933) 1918 Sept Supreme Army Command calls for armistice & parliamentary gov't Oct October Reforms: Constitutional monarchy established Nov Proclamation of Republic, armistice signed 1919 Jan "Spartacus Uprising" of radical socialists Jan Elections to National (Constituent) Assembly Feb Friedrich Ebert -
HINDENBURG the WOODEN TITAN by the Same Author
HINDENBURG THE WOODEN TITAN By the same author Brest-Litovsk: The Forgotten Peace, March 1918 Munich: Prologue to Tragedy The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics, 1918-1945 King George VI: His Life and Reign John Anderson: Viscount Waverley A Wreath to Clio E. Briber, Berlin PRESIDENT VON HINDENBURG HINDENBURG THE WOODEN TITAN JOHN W. WHEELER-BENNETT Palgrave Macmillan This book is copyright in all countries which are signatorieB of the Berne Convention ~Preface and new Bibliographical Note: John W. Wheeler-Bennett 1967 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1967 978-0-333-04550-3 First published 1936 Reissued with Preface and new Bibliographical Note 1967 ISBN 978-0-333-08269-0 ISBN 978-1-349-15236-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-15236-0 MACMILLAN AND COMPANY LIMITED Little EsBex Street London WC2 also Bombay Calcutta Madras Melbourne THE MACMILLAN COMPANY OF CANADA LIMITED 70 Bond Street Toronto 2 ST MARTIN'S PRESS INC 176 Fifth Avenue New York NY 10010 Library of CongreBB Catalog Card number: 67-15778 TO GERALD PALMER AND TO HIS MOTHER I DEDICATE THIS BOOK WITH GRATITUDE AND AFFECTION CONTENTS PREFACE TO THE REISSUE ix BmLIOGRAPHICAL NoTE TO THE REISSUE X'V PART I: TANNENBERG AND PLESS 1 PART II: KREUZNACH AND SPA • 77 PART III: WEIMAR AND NEUDECK 225 INDEX 477 Vll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS President von Hindenburg frontispiece Jollou·iny pn(Je 270 Hammering Nails into the Wooden Statue Hindenburg with Wounded Men on his 70th birthday, October 2nd, 1917 The Wooden Statue in the Siegesallee, Berlin Hindenburg at Spa, June -
The Weimar Republic and the War of Memory
Southern Methodist University SMU Scholar The Larrie and Bobbi Weil Undergraduate Research Award Documents Fondren Library Spring 2020 The Weimar Republic and the War of Memory Madeline Dixon Southern Methodist University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/weil_ura Part of the European History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Dixon, Madeline, "The Weimar Republic and the War of Memory" (2020). The Larrie and Bobbi Weil Undergraduate Research Award Documents. 11. https://scholar.smu.edu/weil_ura/11 This document is brought to you for free and open access by the Fondren Library at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Larrie and Bobbi Weil Undergraduate Research Award Documents by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. The Weimar Republic and the War of Memory Madeline Dixon HIST 4300: Junior Seminar Dr. Hochman April 27, 2019 Dixon 2 This paper is about the havoc World War I unleashed on Germany and its impact on the Weimar Republic. While the war dismantled Imperial Germany, a second war soon began to brew within the newly-formed republic. This war over the memory of the Great War was a key player in Weimar’s destruction, and was rooted in differing interpretations of the war’s meaning, which existed as soon as the declarations of August 1914. The first of such narratives was the “Spirit of 1914,” an exuberant celebration of the war’s conception that took hold of Germans and drove them and their celebrations into the streets. -
A Concise History of the Third Reich
1.Benz,A History of the Third 10/13/05 3—41 PM Page 20 1 THE “NATIONAL REVOLUTION” “WHAT WE ARE WITNESSING BELOW, these thousands upon thou- sands and ten thousands upon ten thousands of people, who, in a fren- zied delirium of exultation and enthusiasm, are acclaiming the new lead- ership of the state—this is truly the fulfillment of our dearest wish, the crowning achievement of our work. We are fully justified in saying Ger- many is awakening!” The man who spoke these elated words into the mi- crophones of the radio stations of the German Reich in the late evening of January 30, 1933, was Joseph Goebbels, the propaganda chief of the NSDAP. Hitler had been named chancellor that same morning. Goebbels was standing at the window of the chancellery in the Wilhelmstraße in Berlin. He was enjoying the torch parade that the SA, the paramilitary unit of the party, and the Stahlhelm were putting on between the Branden- burg Gate and the Wilhelmstraße on the occasion of the party’s assump- tion of power, ostensibly in honor of President Paul von Hindenburg but mostly for their own leader, the new Chancellor Adolf Hitler. —Hitler. This staged outpouring of jubilation, which would be followed by many [FIGURE] [figure 6] state spectacles organized by Goebbels, was the origin of the legend of the national revolution, of Hitler’s “assumption of power” (Machtergreifung). Goebbels was a tireless disseminator of this phrase, using it to divert at- tention from the fact that Hitler had been named chancellor at the head of a coalition government in which his own NSDAP was only a minority, represented by Wilhelm Frick as the new minister of the interior and Her- mann Göring as minister without portfolio.