A Historical Retrospect of the Nazi Party and Its Leaders," (Set No, I, Set of Fourty)
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The Eagle's Nest Is Located in Berchtesgaden
media information… The Eagle’s Nest (Kehlsteinhaus 1,834m) The so-called Eagle’s Nest teahouse (Kehlsteinhaus) was offered to Adolf Hitler on the occasion of his 50th birthday with the aim of using it for representation purposes for official guests. The challenging construction of the Eagle’s Nest, including the access road was completed in some 13 months’ time. The road leading up to the Eagle’s Nest upper bus terminal area is Germany’s highest and is considered a unique feat of engineering. The brass-line elevator that gives access to the summit is also a distinctive feature of this world-famous attraction. Today the Eagle’s Nest is open to the public and can be seen in its original form. Thanks to its many visitors, proceeds from this sightsseing attraction are used for charitable purposes. Location: The Eagle's Nest is located in Berchtesgaden. Special mountain buses depart every 25 min from Obersalzberg (Kehlsteinbusabfahrt). The journey takes about a quarter of an hour each way. From the parking area at the top, visitors walk 124m (406ft) through a tunnel to the original elevator. The lift transports up to 46 passengers at a time up into the Eagle's Nest building. Local Events and cultural highlights: Road and weather conditions permitting, the building and its road access are open from around mid-May through October. On clear days, visitors to the Eagle’s Nest are rewarded with spectacular views over the Berchtesgaden area, Lake Königssee and Salzburg, as well as with a grandiose mountain panorama of the majestic Berchtesgaden Alps. -
The Fate of National Socialist Visual Culture: Iconoclasm, Censorship, and Preservation in Germany, 1945–2020
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works School of Arts & Sciences Theses Hunter College Fall 1-5-2021 The Fate of National Socialist Visual Culture: Iconoclasm, Censorship, and Preservation in Germany, 1945–2020 Denali Elizabeth Kemper CUNY Hunter College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/661 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] The Fate of National Socialist Visual Culture: Iconoclasm, Censorship, and Preservation in Germany, 1945–2020 By Denali Elizabeth Kemper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Art History, Hunter College The City University of New York 2020 Thesis sponsor: January 5, 2021____ Emily Braun_________________________ Date Signature January 5, 2021____ Joachim Pissarro______________________ Date Signature Table of Contents Acronyms i List of Illustrations ii Introduction 1 Chapter 1: Points of Reckoning 14 Chapter 2: The Generational Shift 41 Chapter 3: The Return of the Repressed 63 Chapter 4: The Power of Nazi Images 74 Bibliography 93 Illustrations 101 i Acronyms CCP = Central Collecting Points FRG = Federal Republic of Germany, West Germany GDK = Grosse Deutsche Kunstaustellung (Great German Art Exhibitions) GDR = German Democratic Republic, East Germany HDK = Haus der Deutschen Kunst (House of German Art) MFAA = Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives Program NSDAP = Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Worker’s or Nazi Party) SS = Schutzstaffel, a former paramilitary organization in Nazi Germany ii List of Illustrations Figure 1: Anonymous photographer. -
Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va
GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 32. Records of the Reich Leader of the SS and Chief of the German Police (Part I) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1961 This finding aid has been prepared by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this guide may be consulted at the National Archives, where it is identified as RG 242, Microfilm Publication T175. To order microfilm, write to the Publications Sales Branch (NEPS), National Archives and Records Service (GSA), Washington, DC 20408. Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not believed to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 58-9982 AMERICA! HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE fOR THE STUDY OP WAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECOBDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXAM)RIA, VA. No* 32» Records of the Reich Leader of the SS aad Chief of the German Police (HeiehsMhrer SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei) 1) THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (AHA) COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF WAE DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA* This is part of a series of Guides prepared -
Classics of the Military Field in the Social Sciences
Classics of the Military Field in the Social Sciences Karl Demeter, Das deutsche Offizierkorps in seinen historisch-soziologischen Grundlagen, Berlin, Verlag von Reimar Hobbing, 1930 ; Das deutsche Heer und seine Offiziere, Berlin, Verlag von Reimar Hobbing, 1935 ; Das deutsche Offizierkorps in Gesellschaft und Staat, 1650-1945, Frankfurt am Main, Bernard & Graefe Verlag für Wehrwesen, 1962. English translation, with an introduction by Michael Howard : The German Officer Corps in Society and State, 1650-1945, New York, Praeger, 1965. Presented by Bengt Abrahamsson The books by Karl Demeter listed above obviously have the same theme, and share much the same substance. Indeed, the question can be asked whether they are the same book under various titles, revised and augmented as time went by over more than thirty years, or whether they can be regarded as distinct contributions. The main difference, of course, is that the later editions cover the Third Reich period. While little is known about their reception in Europe apart from Germany (where Demeter seems to have enjoyed high esteem to this day), they powerfully influenced American historiography and military sociology at different times, and with different impacts. This writer’s contention is that despite such differences, they ought to be presented together. The main reference in what follows naturally is to the 1962 version. oOo On 25th May 1934, Gen. von Blomberg, then Minister of Defence in Adolf Hitler’s government, issued the following order to the officers of the German armed forces : “The old practice of seeking company within a particular social class is no longer any part of the duty of the corps of officers. -
Aubrey Cox Professor Marcuse Hist 133A November 14, 2018 Source
Aubrey Cox Professor Marcuse Hist 133A November 14, 2018 Source exploration "Mass Rally in Front of Feldherrnhalle [Field Marshal's Hall] in Munich - Adolf Hitler in the Crowd (August 2, 1914)." GHDI - Image. Accessed November 01, 2018. http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_image.cfm?image_id=3736. This source exploration investigates the photograph that supposedly shows Adolf Hitler among a crowd to hear the declaration of war against Russia that sparked the beginning of World War I. Mass Rally in Front of Feldherrnhalle [Field Marshals’ Hall] in Munich – Adolf Hitler in the Crowd. (August 2, 1914). The photograph of a large crowd gathered on the Odeonsplatz, taken 2 by Heinrich Hoffmann, shows Hitler celebrating the start of World War I. The photo is copyrighted Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz/ Heinrich Hoffmann. "Heinrich Hoffmann (photographer)." Wikipedia. September 26, 2018. Accessed November 01, 2018. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hoffmann_(photographer). The Photographer to capture such a historic photograph was a man by the name of Heinrich Hoffmann. Hoffmann (b. 12 Sept. 1885- 15 Dec. 1957) was a photographer and a publicist who published his works in the Nazi party’s weekly magazine the illustrierter Beobachter. Hoffmann trained for years under various photographers learning many aspects of the trade. He met Adolf Hitler in 1919. Hoffmann would later become Hitler’s personal photographer, the only photographer allowed to photograph him and thus a major player in Nazi propaganda. This famous photograph was published on March 12, 1932; just before Hitler’s election to Reich President according to the welt.de article cited further below Google scholar search with terms “Heinrich Hoffmann”, “Odeonsplatz”, and “Hitler” returned the result of the book titled “Germans into Nazis”. -
Bavaria + Oktoberfest
Exclusive Journeys BAVARIA + OKTOBERFEST Berchtesgaden Visit AAA.com/TravelAgent for the AAA Travel Consultant nearest you 17 GERMANY 4 Munich AUSTRIA Salzburg 3 Tegernsee Neuschwanstein Berchtesgaden Join our AAA Host and professional German guides for this once-in-a-lifetime journey... delight in DAY 4 | Travel to Munich the history and beauty of the Bavarian Alps and A guided tour of Neuschwanstein offers fascinating insight into experience Munich at the height of Oktoberfest! King Ludwig II. Also known as the Fairytale King, Ludwig’s love of Wagner’s operas is much in DAY 1 | Welcome to Germany evidence as you explore this From Munich Airport, it’s a magnificent and somewhat INSPIRING unusual castle. Continue to the EXPERIENCES scenic 1-hour drive to beautiful Lake Tegernsee, cradled in the 4-star Pullman Munich Hotel AUTHENTIC Bavarian Alps. You’ll have time before dining at the Augustiner ENCOUNTERS to relax in your room at the 5-star Brau Beer Hall. meals b+d Althoff Seehotel Überfahrt before DAY 5 | Discover Munich ONLY FROM AAA a welcome dinner accompanied Your tour of Old Town includes by fine German wine. meals d • Begin your trip in style... the landmarks that grace the our deluxe hotel on the DAY 2 | Excursion to Salzburg Marienplatz and the imposing shores of Lake Tegernsee Join our guide for a scenic drive Frauenkirche Cathedral. Enjoy a has been welcoming across the border to Austria. On free afternoon and dinner tonight distinguished guests for your tour of Salzburg, you’ll see at the Hofbräuhaus. meals b+d more than a century. -
The German Military and Hitler
RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST The German Military and Hitler Adolf Hitler addresses a rally of the Nazi paramilitary formation, the SA (Sturmabteilung), in 1933. By 1934, the SA had grown to nearly four million members, significantly outnumbering the 100,000 man professional army. US Holocaust Memorial Museum, courtesy of William O. McWorkman The military played an important role in Germany. It was closely identified with the essence of the nation and operated largely independent of civilian control or politics. With the 1919 Treaty of Versailles after World War I, the victorious powers attempted to undercut the basis for German militarism by imposing restrictions on the German armed forces, including limiting the army to 100,000 men, curtailing the navy, eliminating the air force, and abolishing the military training academies and the General Staff (the elite German military planning institution). On February 3, 1933, four days after being appointed chancellor, Adolf Hitler met with top military leaders to talk candidly about his plans to establish a dictatorship, rebuild the military, reclaim lost territories, and wage war. Although they shared many policy goals (including the cancellation of the Treaty of Versailles, the continued >> RESOURCES ON THE GERMAN MILITARY AND THE HOLOCAUST German Military Leadership and Hitler (continued) expansion of the German armed forces, and the destruction of the perceived communist threat both at home and abroad), many among the military leadership did not fully trust Hitler because of his radicalism and populism. In the following years, however, Hitler gradually established full authority over the military. For example, the 1934 purge of the Nazi Party paramilitary formation, the SA (Sturmabteilung), helped solidify the military’s position in the Third Reich and win the support of its leaders. -
Brienner 45 an Art Project by Benjamin Und Emanuel Heisenberg
Brienner 45 An art project by Benjamin und Emanuel Heisenberg and Elisophie Eulenburg en Brienner 45 – An art project at the NS-Dokumentations - zentrum Munich by Benjamin and Emanuel Heisenberg and Elisophie Eulenburg Countless reports have etched the images and narratives of the Nazi regime into our collective memory. They accompany us and are yet disconnected from our life today. How can we translate the historical past into our present? What do people who lived in extreme situations actually have in common with us? We may speak the same language, but how do we use the concepts from this time and what kind of images do they evoke in us? These are the questions the work “Brienner 45” asks of the viewer. Through the medium of film the distance between the present and history is nullified and the timespan between today and back then ruptured. In how they juxtapose and sequence images and concepts, the films generate a kind of “stream of consciousness” 1 Excerpt from the “Jäger-Report” on mass across time. This method has an emotional impact and enables executions in Lithuania, written on 1 December past experiences and thoughts to be connected directly with the 1941 by Karl Jäger, Commander of ‘Einsatz- viewer’s here and now. One of the concerns of this work is to kommando (Mobile Killing Squad) 3’ establish a relationship – based on critical reflection – between 2 Chaim, the 14-year-old son of Jewish farmers, our experiences today and the accounts drawn from everyday inserted his last letter in the barbed wire life and the ideological tracts and depiction of crimes committed of the Pustków concentration camp in Galicia in the “Third Reich”. -
München Erkunden
PREISE FÜR BEFAHRENE ZONEN IN € Fares for your zones in € S-Bahn, U-Bahn und Regionalzug im MVV www.mvv-muenchen.de - - - - - - Tramnetz München Suburban trains, underground and regional trains in MVV network Partner im Münchner Verkehrs- und Tarifverbund Munich tram network - - - - - Partner im - - - - RE 1 Ingolstadt, Nürnberg | RB 16 Ingolstadt, Treuchtlingen, Nürnberg RE 2 Landshut, Regensburg, Hof | RE 3 Landshut, Passau | RE 25 Landshut, Regensburg, Prag | RE 50 Landshut, Regensburg, Nürnberg | RB 33 Landshut RE 22 Landshut, Regensburg - - - S1 Freising / RB 33 - - Flughafen (Airport) S8 Flughafen (Airport) Freising Marzling Langenbach Moosburg - Feldmoching Altomünster Petershausen 23 Garching- U2 Forschungszentrum Pulling Schwabing Nord Kleinberghofen Unterföhring U6 16 1737 Vierkirchen- EINZELFAHRT ErwachseneSingle St. Emmeram Erdweg Esterhofen Lohhof Eching Neufahrn 3,303,40 3,303,40 3,303,40 5,005,10 6,606,80 8,308,50 10,209,90 11,5011,90 12,9013,60 Domagkstr. Fröttmaning Singlesingle Trip trip Ticketticket Single (Adult)Adult Arnbach Besucherpark Flughafen München Anni-Albers-Str. Unterschleißheim Munich Airport Fritz-Meyer-Weg RE 22 Single U2 Markt Indersdorf Röhrmoos U6 TAGESKARTE Olympia- Am Münchner Tor Hallbergmoos 7,90 7,90 7,90 9,00 9,70 10,80 12,00 13,20 14,20 U3 Einkaufszentrum Olympiazentrum 27 Garching-Forschungszentrum Daily Ticket Single (Adult) Moosach (Bf.) U3 U3 U8 Regina-Ullmann-Str. München Niederroth Schwabinger Tor Oberschleißheim S2 U1 U8 Petuelring Althegnenberg Garching Erding Hugo-Troendle-Str. Schwab- gültig ab Kauf bis 6 Uhr des Folgetages Gruppe (2-5 Pers.) Petershausen 20 Pelkovenstr. U7 hausen Hebertshausen 12 Scheidplatz Parzivalpl. Taimerhofstr. Haspelmoor Garching-Hochbrück valid until 6 a.m. -
Holocaust and World War II Timeline 1933 1934 1935
Holocaust and World War II Timeline 1933 January 30 German President Paul von Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany Feb. 27-28 German Reichstag (Parliament) mysteriously burns down, government treats it as an act of terrorism Feb. 28 Decree passed which suspends the civil rights granted by the German constitution March 4 Franklin Delano Roosevelt inaugurated President of the United States March 22 Dachau concentration camp opens as a prison camp for political dissidents March 23 Reichstag passes the Enabling Act, empowering Hitler to establish a dictatorship April 1 Nationwide Nazi organized boycott of Jewish shops and businesses April 7 Laws for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service bars Jews from holding civil service, university, and state positions April 26 Gestapo established May 10 Public burning of books written by Jews, political dissidents, and others July 14 The Nazi Party is declared the only legal party in Germany. Law on the Revocation of Naturalization stripping East European Jewish immigrants, as well as Roma (Gypsies), of German citizenship 1934 June 20 The SS (Schutzstaffel or Protection Squad), under Heinrich Himmler, is established as an independent organization. June 30 Night of the Long Knives – members of the Nazi party and police murdered members of the Nazi leadership, army and others on Hitler’s orders. Ernst Röhm, leader of the SA was killed. August 2 President von Hindenburg dies. Hitler proclaims himself Führer. Armed forces must now swear allegiance to him Oct. 7 Jehovah’s Witness congregations submit standardized letters to the government declaring their political neutrality Oct.-Nov. First major arrests of homosexuals throughout Germany Dec. -
Cr^Ltxj
THE NAZI BLOOD PURGE OF 1934 APPRCWBD": \r H M^jor Professor 7 lOLi Minor Professor •n p-Kairman of the DeparCTieflat. of History / cr^LtxJ~<2^ Dean oiTKe Graduate School IV Burkholder, Vaughn, The Nazi Blood Purge of 1934. Master of Arts, History, August, 1972, 147 pp., appendix, bibliography, 160 titles. This thesis deals with the problem of determining the reasons behind the purge conducted by various high officials in the Nazi regime on June 30-July 2, 1934. Adolf Hitler, Hermann Goring, SS leader Heinrich Himmler, and others used the purge to eliminate a sizable and influential segment of the SA leadership, under the pretext that this group was planning a coup against the Hitler regime. Also eliminated during the purge were sundry political opponents and personal rivals. Therefore, to explain Hitler's actions, one must determine whether or not there was a planned putsch against him at that time. Although party and official government documents relating to the purge were ordered destroyed by Hermann GcTring, certain materials in this category were used. Especially helpful were the Nuremberg trial records; Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939; Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945; and Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1934. Also, first-hand accounts, contem- porary reports and essays, and analytical reports of a /1J-14 secondary nature were used in researching this topic. Many memoirs, written by people in a position to observe these events, were used as well as the reports of the American, British, and French ambassadors in the German capital. -
Georg Elser (1903–1945)
Peter Steinbach/Johannes Tuchel Georg Elser (1903–1945) m 8. November 1939, wenige Wochen nach dem Beginn des Zweiten Weltkrie- A ges, schreckte die deutsche Öffentlichkeit ein Anschlag auf, den ein „Mann aus dem Vol- ke“ verübt hatte. Dieser Regimegegner kam sei- nem Ziel, den verhassten Diktator auszuschal- ten, denkbar nahe. Allerdings hatte Hitler nur wenige Minuten vor der Explosion den Ver- sammlungssaal verlassen. Der zunächst uner- kannt gebliebene Attentäter wurde wenig spä- ter eher zufällig beim Versuch festgenommen, in die Schweiz zu entkommen. Überführt wur- de er wegen einiger verdächtiger Gegenstände, die man in seinen Taschen fand, nachdem Zoll- Georg Elser beamte ihn der Polizei übergeben hatten. Nach (1903–1945) tagelangen Verhören gestand der Inhaftierte sei- ne Tat und bekräftigte dabei immer wieder sei- ne Absicht, durch die Tötung Hitlers den Weg zu einem europäischen Frie- den gebahnt haben zu wollen. Es handelte sich um die Tat eines einzelnen Mannes, des schwäbischen Tischlers Georg Elser, der entschlossen, beharr- lich und konsequent den Anschlag geplant hatte. Neben Claus von Stauffen- bergs Anschlag vom 20. Juli 1944 war es die einzige Tat, die dem Leben des deutschen Diktators direkt gefährlich wurde. Während seit den 50er-Jahren Stauffenberg und seine Mitverschworenen langsam nicht mehr primär als „Verräter“, sondern als Widerstandskämpfer gewürdigt wurden, blieb diese Ehrung Elser noch lange Zeit versagt. Er wurde diffamiert, als verschrobe- ner Sonderling oder gar als Handlanger der Gestapo abgestempelt. Obwohl alle seit Ende der 60er-Jahre vorliegenden Quellen seine Alleintäterschaft bezeugen, setzte sich erst langsam seine öffentliche Anerkennung durch.1 Entschluss zum Tyrannenmord Der 1903 im württembergischen Hermaringen geborene Georg Elser wuchs in Königsbronn unter schwierigen Familienverhältnissen auf.