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JOURNAL OF ADVENTIST ARCHIVES Volume 1 2021 Journal of Adventist Archives Vol. 1 (2021) Foreword . i Roy K. Kline with D. J. B. Trim Articles: Varieties of Adventists after 1844: Emerging from “fanaticism of every kind” into “the order of heaven” . 1-44 D. J. B. Trim Personal Diaries and the Study of Adventist History: Filling out the Context of Adventist Events and Communities . 45-72 Gilbert M. Valentine Seventh-day Adventists and Abolitionist Petitions . 73-81 Kevin M. Burton James H. Howard and the Emergence of Adventism as an African American Religious Alternative, 1896-1919 . 82-104 Douglas Morgan Make America Healthy Again: Seventh-day Adventists, Cookies, and the Health Message from 1910 to 1930 . 105-145 Kristopher C. Erskine Archival News and Notes: Update on Recent Accessions and Collections at General Conference Archive . 147-149 Ashlee Chism Looking Back on a Year of Accreditations . 150-152 D. J. B. Trim Journal of Adventist Archives Volume 1, 2021 Editor: Roy K. Kline Managing Editor: Michael F. Younker Editorial Board Merlin Burt, Kevin Burton, Frank Hasel, Doug Morgan, Tim Poirier, Dragoslava Santrac, Galina Stele, and David Trim. The Journal of Adventist Archives is a refereed journal published annually by the General Conference Corporation of Seventh-day Adventists, under the Office of Archives, Statistics, and Research. Direct all editorial correspondence to [email protected]. Office of Archives, Statistics, and Research Seventh-day Adventist Church World Headquarters 12501 Old Columbia Pike, Silver Spring, Maryland 20904 United States of America www.adventistarchives.org [email protected] All articles not copyrighted by their authors are copyright © 2021 by the General Conference Corporation of Seventh-day Adventists. The opinions expressed in JAA reflect those of the authors. The validity and accuracy of quoted material included in articles is the responsibility of the authors of the articles. JAA articles from past issues may be found online at https://documents.adventistarchives.org/ArchivesPublications ISSN 2769-4844 Journal of Adventist Archives, Vol. 1 (2021): i–iii Foreword Roy K. Kline, Editor D. J. B. Trim, Director of ASTR Welcome to volume 1 of the Journal of Adventist Archives (JAA). Why is the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists Office of Archives, Statistics, and Research (ASTR) launching this journal in the area of Seventh-day Adventist history and archives? Primarily because there are currently no peer-reviewed journals or periodicals dedicated to Adventist history. Even the long-defunct and much-lamented Adventist Heritage was a magazine, rather than a refereed journal. While Seventh-day Adventist scholars often publish beyond the pages of denominational periodicals, there are many topics in Adventist history that justify scholarly consideration yet have never been explored, having seemed unworthy of publication by editors aware of only the broadest contours of Adventist history. At present, articles on such topics might be sent to several Adventist publications, none of which have Adventist history as their focus. In the end, it may be as difficult to place Adventist history articles in nominally sympathetic journals as in those outside the Adventist sphere. Further, there is no journal dedicated to Adventist archives and manuscript collections. This is unsurprising, yet in light of the undeveloped, immature state of Adventist historiography, there is an even greater need than in historical studies for a place to publish articles that identify important sources (whether in church record offices, manuscript libraries, personal collections, or government archives), expound on their relevance, and explain Journal of Adventist Archives - ii their strengths and limitations. Such a forum is arguably almost a precondition for improving the state of Adventist studies, since at the moment there is little information available to guide scholars wanting to examine problems and lacuna in the original source data on Adventist history—to understand what relevant sources may exist, their nature, and even where they are located. The Journal of Adventist Archives will publish the following: (1) Articles that explore particular collections or records series, providing a guide to future researchers. (2) Articles more historical than archival in nature but that demonstrate the value of collections or records series that have been but little used, if at all, in past research. (3) Articles on general Adventist history: while we will prioritize articles from categories 1 and 2, the JAA will, from time to time, publish historical articles, especially ones on unusual or narrowly focused topics that, while deserving to be made available to a wider audience, might be difficult for an author to publish elsewhere. (4) Bibliographical (or bibliographical-archival) articles on printed Adventist sources: while we will prioritize articles from category 2 over category 4, researchers can also benefit from critical explorations of published, not just unpublished, Adventist sources. (5) Annually, a version of the previous year’s Adventist Archives Lecture (co-sponsored by ASTR and Washington Adventist University Honors College). (6) Short notes in which researchers identify collections in larger archives or libraries that they have discovered in the course of recent research, especially where future scholars might not look for sources on Adventist history (similar to category 1, but shorter and not requiring peer review). (7) Brief reports of new additions to the collections of established church archives and libraries, or news of older iii - Personal Diaries and the Study of Adventist History collections that have been or are in the process of being inventoried and having research guides created for them. (8) Reports of new digital collections, which should ideally assess not only the contents but also the extent and success of curation. All articles in categories 1–5 will be peer reviewed. In some cases, notes (categories 6–8) may also be peer reviewed, depending on their scope and purpose. In categories 1–4, we seek articles that are thoroughly researched, critical (in the best sense), but written from a stance broadly supportive of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Articles in categories 2 and 3 should situate and contextualize their subject matter. We hope chiefly to publish articles about collections (whether archival—including sound and video archives—manuscript, photographic, or digital collections), but will also publish beyond those limits. However, JAA is intended to be a journal not so much of general Adventist history, but about the sources for Adventist history and about how such sources might help us write more accurate and insightful history. We welcome submission of articles and notes, and also invite scholars to volunteer to serve on the journal advisory board and as peer reviewers. It will surely take us a little while to achieve our ambitious goals, but we hope in due course the Journal of Adventist Archives will be a feature of the Adventist historical and archival landscape. This will only happen with the support of Adventist archivists, manuscript librarians, records managers, historians, and scholars of religious studies. We invite you to become part of the JAA community. Articles Journal of Adventist Archives, Vol. 1 (2021): 1-44 Article copyright © 2021 D. J. B. Trim Varieties of Adventists after 1844: Emerging from “fanaticism of every kind” into “the order of heaven”* The Adventist Archives Lecture Washington Adventist University October 22, 2019 D. J. B. Trim In the first half of the 1840s, to an extent not true probably for centuries before (and not true since), many thousands of people in Christendom believed that Jesus Christ was just about to return to earth, to “judge the quick and the dead” and inaugurate “His kingdom” (2 Tim. 4:1).1 The majority of believers in Christ’s “Second Advent” were in North America, and became associated with the name of William Miller, the New England exegete whose teaching and preaching that the Parousia would take place in 1843 or 1844 had put a metaphorical match to a powder-keg of eschatological expectation.2 Yet “Millerites” was the label * This was the first annual Adventist Archives Lecture, hosted by the Honors College at Washington Adventist University and co-sponsored by the Office of Archives, Statistics, and Research. I am grateful to Bradford Haas, director of the Honors College for proposing the Lectureship, for his work with his team to host a successful event, and for inviting me to be the inaugural lecturer. 1 Scriptural quotations are taken from the Authorized (King James) Version. 2 Major studies include Everett N. Dick, “The Advent Crisis of 1843–1844”, Ph.D. diss. (University of Wisconsin, 1930), publ. as William Miller and the Advent Crisis 1831–1844, ed. Gary Land (Berrien Springs, Mich.: Andrews University Press, 1994); Francis D. Nichol, The Midnight Cry (Washington, D.C.: Review & Herald, 1944); Edwin S. Gaustad (ed.) The Rise of Adventism: Religion and Society in mid-Nineteenth-century America (New York: Harper & Row, 1975); Journal of Adventist Archives - 2 mainstream American Protestants had put on these believers in a premillennial, imminent, and corporeal Second Coming of Christ. Their term for themselves was “Adventist”.3 Miller had not designated a precise date for the Second Advent; as a result, a number of dates in 1843 and 1844 were proposed by other Adventists, favored by some and contested by
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