Special Libraries, December 1958

San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks

Special Libraries, 1958 Special Libraries, 1950s

12-1-1958

Special Libraries Association

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Recommended Citation Special Libraries Association, "Special Libraries, December 1958" (1958). Special Libraries, 1958. 10. https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/sla_sl_1958/10

This Magazine is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Libraries, 1950s at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Special Libraries, 1958 by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. IN1)E)LING Husines+. Technical and E'opular Periodical lncfext~s . . . Indexing Sen ices . . .. %-39Subvottlnlittee on Indexing Report . . . New \. ork Times Indt-. SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY: MARIANI!. LUCIUS Special Libraries Association i1 East 10 Street, New York 3. New York MEMBERSHIP

Due: III- $100; Actif i, -- $15; A.~.r,i~.i.r/' St(): ,-l#/i.rrt -- 515 : SINJCNI $2; Etur ri/r,.t - $5 ; Lif~, $250. For qualitications. privilege\ and further information. writc thc Enecutiw Secretarl; Speci:ll I.ibr:irie\ Assc~ciation.

PUBLICATIONS Aviation subject headings, 1949 ...... $1.75 I.ibrarics for resrarch and industry Bibliography of engineering abstract- planning and equipment (SLA mono- ing services (SLA bibliography no. graph, no. 1). 1955 ...... $3.00 1),1955 ...... 1.50 Map collections in the CT. S. and Can- Bibliography of new guides and aids ada; A directory, 1954 ...... 3.00 to public documents use 1953-1956 National insurance organizations in the (SLA bibliography no. 2). 1957 ...... 1.50 United States and Canada, 1957 ...... 3.50 A brief for corporation libraries, 1949 .... 1.75 Nicknames of American cities. towns Contributions toward a special library and villages past and present, 1951 .... 2.00 glossary, 2nd ed., 1950 ...... 1.25 S1.A directory of members, .IS of Sep- Correlation index document aeries & tember 1956. 1957 1.00 PB reports, 1953 ...... 10.00 ...... Creation & development of an insur- Source list of selected labor statistics, ance library, rev. ed., 1949 ...... 2.00 rev. ed.. 195.3 ...... 2.00 Directory of special libraries, 1953 ...... 5.00 Subject headings for aeronautical en- Handbook of commercial. financial and gineering libraries, 1949 ...... 4.OO information services, 5th rev. ed., Subject headings for financial librar- I956 ...... 5.00 ies, 1954 ...... 5.00 Handbook of scientific and technical Technical libraries, their organization awards in the United States and and management, 1951 ...... 6.00 Canada, 1900-1952. 1956 ...... 10.00 Visual presentation. Our library, 195.3 .... 5.00 TECHhTZCAL BOOK IIE171ElY7 IhTDES--Sub\cr~ption. $7.50; Foreign, $8.00; Single copies, 75~~

POSTMASTER: If undeliverable, send Form 3579 to Special Libraries Association, 31 East 10 St.. New York 3. N. Y. How to get more out of your news files in 1959

Do you often waste valuable time when paper or news magazine you keep on file. you're looking for information buried in your What is more, there are thousands of news files? skillfully written news summaries in every You can avoid it-by letting The New issue of the Index. They often come up with York Times Index give you a hand. all the facts you need! Twice a month, there's a brand new issue Every day, The New York Times Index of the Index packed with over 20,000 refer- is saving time and energy for librarians all ences to recent events in the news, alphabet- over the country. And they like the low cost! ically arranged by subjects, persons and A full year's service-24 issues-is only $45 organizations. Each reference leads you For $25 more ($70 in all) your subscription straight to the complete story in your file of includes the cumulative Annual Volume cov- The New York Times. ering an entire year's events. And because the Index gives you the orig- If you act promptly, your subscription inal publication date of each event, you can will include all of the twice-a-month issues use it in locating items in any other news- for 1959. Send your order in today.

THE NEW YORK TIMES INDEX 229 West 43rd Street, New York 36, N.Y. DECEMBER 1958 RENEW or START Subscriptions To SLA's Periodicals NOW

Special Libraries The official journal of Special Libraries Association contains information and news of value and interest to all librarians. In addition to a variety of articles on methods, sources, problems and practices, there are regular features on library planning, new equipment and services, how-to-do-its, book reviews and annotated listings of new serials and nonserial publications. Published ten times yearly. Annual index. United States: $7.00 Elsewhere: $7.50 Technical Book Review Index Provides citations and quotations from book reviews appearing in more than 800 scientific and technical journals. Issued ten times a year, it serves as both a check list and as an index. United States: $7.50 Elsewhere: $8.00

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION 31 East 10 Street New York 3, New York

NEW REPRINTS . Ready early 1959

Acta Arithmetica Volume 1-3, 1936-1939 Single volumes, paper bound each $15.00 Missiles and Rockets Volume 1, 1956 Paper bound ...... $20.00 Volume 3, No. 1, January 1958 Paper bound...... $ 4.00 Volume 3, No. 2, February 1958 Paper bound ...... $ 4.00 Plant Physiology Volumes 1-4, 1926-1929 Single volumes, paper bound...... each $20.00 1 I I Reprinted with the permission of the original publishers. ~ Please address orders and inyuzries to I JOHNSON REPRINT CORPORATION 11 1 Fifth Avenue, New York 3, New York -~ California Office: 4972 Mount Royal Drive, Los Angeles 41 SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT!

Prepublication price for full set (33 volumes) now extended to January 31st 1959. In response to many requests the United Nations will accept full orders at the reduced price of $435 during the first month of 1959. After January 31st the price will approximate $500. Volumes may also be purchased separately.

The Proceedirtgs: more than 2,200 scientific papers from the leading scientists of approximately 70 countries. M~iuslihjects covered: CONTROLLEDFUSION REACTORPHYSICS, ECONOMICS, SAFETY RESEARCHREACTORS POWERREACTORS NUCLEARPHYSICS NUCLEARMATERIALS RADIOACTIVEMATERIALS WASTETREATMENT ENVIRONMENTALASPECTS RADIATIONEFFECTS, CHEM- ICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ISOTOPESIN INDUSTRY PHYSIOLOGYAND MEDICINE AND OTHERS

All volumes to be available by June 1959 DECEMBER 1958 and SPECIALIZED SUBJECT GLOSSARIES

Unavailable anywhere else, this is the first Russian-English Physics Dictionary to be published. Complete, accurate, and up-to-date, this unique volume will cover the scientific and technical terminology, as well as ordinary Russian expressions and idioms which have special meanings in various fields of physics. Pre-publication subscribers to the Dictionary (now in preparation) will also receive a free copy of each of the interim glossaries listed below. These glossaries are being published and mailed to subscribers as they are compiled, and when sold apart from the Dictionary cost $10.00 each. Pre-publication Cost of Dictionary (cloth-bound and indexed, plus glossaries) $50.00 complete. -- GLOSSARIES NOW AVAILABLE

Nuclear Physics and Engineering Solid State Physics Over 12,000 Russian terms. Contains all terms in the 4,000 Russian terms. Covers solid state theorj, USSR Academy of Sciences Dictionary of Nuclear Physics crystallography, metallurgy, physics of metals, ferro- and ~n~ineerih~.90 pp., $10.00 to-non-subscribers- magnetism, semiconductors, important general quan- tum theory, electronics. 90 pp., $10.00 to non- Acoustics and Ultrasonics subscribers 10,000 Russian terms. Covers acoustics, electro-acous- *Electronics and Physics tics, with emphasis on the growing field of ultrasonics. 22,000 Russian terms, including an 11 page. 10 Terms are selectd from thousands of pages of the most section appendix covering 77,s.-Soviet vacuum tuhe recent issues of Soviet physics and engineering journals. equivalents, circuit components and notations, and Includes 23-page index of Russian-English equivalents for abbreviations. Also rrplains spccificd fields in names commonly found in acoustics and ultrasonics which terms are used. *313 pp.. sold only as part of theory. 170 pp., $10.00 to non-subscribers Ihrtionanj subscription.

OTHER GLOSSARIES IN PREPARATIOP;: Electricity and Magnetism; Liquids and Ilydrnulics; Mechanics and General Phgsics; Atomic Physics; Spectrosropy and Optics. . . $10.00 each, to non-subscribers.

GLOSSARIES AVAILABLE IN OTHER FIELDS

GERMAN-ENGLISH NEUROPHYSIOLOGY GLOSSARY Makes the voluminous, highly significant, and largely untranslated German htcrature in this important field more accessible to English-reading scientists. Contains cxpresions in neuroanatomy, biochemistry, physiology, neurology, applicable electrical engineering and electronics, as well as idioms and selrctcd general >ocabular~. (9,000 terms, 181 pp., $7.50) RUSSIAN-ENGLISH HYDROBIOLOGY GLOSSARY The first and only volume of its kind. Contains 311 terms in the 1955 edition of the S. S. Srnimov Hydro- biology Glossary, and crners expressions in biology, botany, hydrobiology, zoology, medicine, morphology. physiology, entomology, ornithology, hydrology, ichthyology. (8,000 terms, 107 pp., $7.50)

All l~lossaricsarc translated b~ bilingual acimti~ts.Reproduction is by multilith process from "cold" type, ond books are staple-bound in heavy paper covers. at your bookstore, or order directly from INTERLANGUAGE DICTIONARIES PUBLISHING CORP. AN AFFILIATE OF CONSULTANTS BUREAU, INC. 227 West 17th Street, New York 11, N. Y. SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIAL LIBRARIES 0ficial Journal Special Libraries Association

Voltme 49, No. 10 DECEMBER 19S8

Periodical Indexing Workshop Introduction ROSE BOOTS 459

Indexing Business Week MRS. LYNDONARNOLD 460

Indexing McGraw-Hill Magazines HELENSCHAEFER 462

Indexing General and Popular Magazines ANN BLANCHET 468

Indexing Services ROBERTAPURDY 472

2-39 Subcommittee on Indexing Final Report 4 74

The New York Times Index JOSEPHC. GEPHART 482

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION Military Librarians' Workshop Metals Division Fall Meeting New Horizons for SLA Translation Center

NEWS Have You Heard Off The Press

Editor: MARYL. ALLISON COMMITTEEON SPECIALLIBRARIES Busi,ess Manager: MARIANE. LUCIUS Chairman: MRS.JEANNE B. NORTH

SPECIAL LIBRARIES is published by Special Libraries Association, monthly September to April, bimonthly May to August, at 73 Main Street Brattleboro Vermont. Editorial Offices: 31 East 10 St., New York 3, New York. 0 Subscriptionr: U. S. $7; 'foreign, $7.80; single copies 750. 0 Second class postage paid at Rrattleboro, Vermont. 0 Papers published in SPECIAL LIBRARIES express the views of the arthws and do not represent the opinion or the policg of the editorial staff or the publisher. Manwcripts submitted for publication rnvst be typed double space on only me side of paper and mailed to the editw. 0 Reprints may be ordered immediately before or after publication. @ by Special Libraries .4ssociation 1958. INDEX^ IN Business Periodicals Zndez, Public Affair3 Infwmation Serviee, and Library Literature. MEMO: To those involved in reference work.

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SPECIAL LIBRARIES Periodical Indexing Workshop Introduction ROSE BOOTS, Moderator Librarian, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Inc., New York

HE FOLLOWING FOUR papers were presented June 12, 1958, at the T SLA Convention in Chicago, Illinois, before a joint meeting of the Financial, Insurance, Metals, Museum and Publishing Divisions. The meeting was sponsored by the Publishing Division. The 2-39 Subcommittee on Indexing, American Standards Associa- tion, in its final report, October 1958, came up with the following definition of an index : Within the fields of library, .practice and documentation, at2 index is a guide to the contents of any reading matter or other documentary materials, which provides a systematic, sustained subject a?zalysis of the contents of such materials arranged according to alphabetical, chronological, nunzerical, or other chose?? order. Each entry is followed by page number, paragraph number, or other indicator showing the exact location of the reference. The 2-39 Subcommittee agreed also that an index is not a concordance, a glorified table of contents, a mere list of words not in subject entry form, a glossary, a checklist, a history nor a background analysis of an action arranged chronologically. In this workshop we are concerned only with the important branch of periodical indexing. The importance of indexes is so widely recognized and the want of them so frequently de- plored that no argument in their favor seems necessary among a group of 1ibrarians.l With the vast accumulation of scientific and technical publications being published today, the need for adequate indexing is becoming increasingly necessary. There are three types of periodical indexes: 1) the index to a single volume; 2) the cumulative index to several volumes of a single periodical; 3) the cumulative index to a large number of periodicals of varying scope and frequency of issue, for example, indexing services.2 Our speakers will cover all three types of indexes. Two of them will explain the methods used in indexing- magazines- in the fields of business, industry and technology; one will present the problems encountered in indexing general and popular magazines; and another will describe the procedures followed by indexing services, specifically the Applied Science & Tech?zology Index. Fortunately there has been much improvement in indexing serial publications in recent years. The rbom for improvement is obiious when examininksome of the earlier periodical indexes. Instead of a true table of subjects in one alphabet, many indexes offered several al- phabetic lists of titles or subjects found in the various departments of the magazine under such headings as "The Week," "Editorial," "Contributed Articles" or "Correspondence." This forced the ;eeker to consult several alphabets to obtain all material on a g&en subject and often separated statements of fact from editorial comment or the criticism of corre~pondence.~ Yes, indexes have come a long way. There is always room for improvement, however, and that is why we are here today. we hope that you wiil obtain many-practical ideas from this session. Perhaps our indexers will also take back to work some valuable suggestions from you -the users of the indexes. Strange as it may seem, precious little of a practical nature has been written on the subject of periodical indexing. To my knowledge there is no adequate text covering all of the problems encountered in indexing periodicals. Most of the literature on indexing covers primarily book indexing. Surprising, too, is the fact that there are no practical courses devoted ex-

DECEMBER 1958 459 clusively to periodical indexing-at least in the New York area. These are the reasons which prompted this meeting. We are proud and happy to say that, as a result of the interest shown at this meeting, the School of Library Service, Columbia University, New York City, plans an Institute On Indexing Periodicals, May 25-29, 1959, immediately preceding the SLA Con- vention in Atlantic City, which will be open to all SLA members. I am sure that the members of many library staffs throughout the country who are responsible for indexing company publications, as well as other magazines and professional journals of particular interest to their organizations, will want to take advantage of this opportunity to widen their horizons. In my estimation indexers and catalogers are going to play an ever-increasing part in the fields of documentation, information retrieval and machine literature searching, all of which are going forward with great strides today. Indexing, in many respects, at times seems like a thankless job-many people just take it for granted, as often they are inclined to take libraries and librarians for granted. The indexers at the New York Times have some favorite sayings which help to bolster their morale from time to timeone of them is "Any fool can write, but it takes a genius to index." I go along with this.

1. WHEELER,Martha Thorne. Izdexing Principles, Rules and Examples, 5th ed. Albany: New York State Library, University of New York, 1957, p. 7. 2. IBid., p. 45. 3. Ihid., p. 44-45.

ROSE BOOTS, who has headed the library at McGraw-Hill Publishing Company since 1949, received her B.A. from Indiana University and her B.S. from Columbia University School of Library Service. Be- fore joining the publishing field, she was a financial librarian in the Marvyn Scudder Financial Library, for Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Beane and for Standard Brands, Inc. From 1953 through 1956 she taught a course on "Special Libraries" at Pratt Institute. A distinguished member of SLA, Miss Boots has served the Association in some capacity every year since 1934.

I ndexing Business Week

MRS. LYNDON ARNOLD, Indexer Business Week, New York

HE BUSINESS housed in the Business Week library where TWEEK INDEX it is easily accessible to the editorial, adver- covers the editorial tising and library staffs. After the printed content of the mag- semi-annual index is published, the index azine from 1930 cards for this period are discarded and the (BW started publi- printed index is used by the library staff for cation September 7, answering questions. 1929) to date and The indexing is done by an indexer (for- the advertisements from 1944 through the merly the librarian of Business Week) who first half of 1956. It has been published does the work at home and is not a member semi-annually, in booklet form, from 1938 of the library staff. The indexing and the to date. From January 1930 through Decem- typing of the cards require about 20 hours ber 1937 the index is available on cards only. a week. An average of 300 cards are used The index is kept up to date by a current for each issue and approximately 8,000 cards card file, which is cumulated for six months. for each six months' cumulation for the The entire index, which is not cumulative, is printed index. The printed index runs to

SPECIAL LIBRARIES about 90 pages, with three columns to a cases where such is either the subject of the page. story or has a primary relationship to the Each issue of Business Week is indexed topic covered. The following are examples as soon as it comes off the press. Entries are of subject, individual .and company cards: typed directly on a glossy stock, 10 by 15 AUTOMOBILES inches, with a carbon backing, which is marked off in 10 squares of 3 by 5 inches. Chrysler Faces Up to Its Troubles: First victim of the auto industry's recession is This paper is manufactured by Copy Papers, going through a major reorganization (with Inc., 121 West 17th Street, New York 11, chart and 3 illus) p. 28, May 3. New York. By means of the Ditto duplicat- COLBERT, L. L. ing process, six copies of each sheet are made by transferring the 10 entries to heavy Chrysler Faces Up to Its Troubles (with chart and illus) p. 28, May 3. sheets of index paper the exact size of the original. These six heavy sheets are then cut CHRYSLER Corp. into 3 x 5 inch cards, thus producing six Chrysler Faces Up to Its Troubles: First duplicate sets of index cards. The original victim of the auto industry's recession is going through major reorganization (with glossy sheet is kept by the Duplicating De- chart and 3 illus) p. 28, May 3. partment for about a month in case a rerun is required. This process is rather expensive No prepared list of subject headings is but to date it is the only way which has been used-the same main subject headings are found to obtain the six sets of cards needed used in every index. As a check for subject for the indexer, the library and four news headings the back copies of the index are bureaus in Washington, Chicago, San Fran- used. The number of cards needed for each cisco and Los Angeles, all of which need article varies-three or four cards are suffi- the current index. The cost of the paper runs cient for some while others may require 14 to about $140 a year, and the duplicating or 15 cards. and the cutting amounts to about $430, mak- In general, broad subject headings are ing a total cost of $590 a year. used, such as Aviation, Petroleum, Taxation, All six sets of cards are sent to the Busi- Education. This makes it easy to locate all ness Week librarv where one set is sorted stories on a given subject. For example, ar- out and filed in the cumulative six months' ticles on textiles are listed under that head- card file. This operation requires about three ing with subheadings, Rayon or Wool. Un- hours. The other five sets are sent to a com- der the heading Wool there will be a cross pany service department, which estimates reference card, see Textiles-Wool. Under that sorting and alphabetizing the five sets, the subject of Automobiles there are sub- for the indexer and the four editorial offices, headings, Dealers, Models, Foreign. Articles takes from five to six hours each week. The on foreign cars are under the heading Au- set that goes to the indexer for her cumu- tomobiles-Foreign, also under the main lative master file is proofread at the end of heading of the country where they are pro- six months and then sent to the I~rinter. It duced. The following cards are examples of takes from two to two and one-half months these entries : for the final index to come back from the printer. A number of different printers have AUTOMOBILES been tried, but they all seem to take about Foreign Fiat Will Float Its Cars Direct To US. West the same amount of time. At present the Coast p. 52, Mar. 29. index is being printed by an Ohio printer whose rates are more reasonable than those ITALY of firms in the New York area. Fiat Will Float Its Cars Direct To U.S. West All articles are indexed alphabetically by Coast p. 52, Mar. 29. subject and by the names of individuals, In very few cases are foreign company companies or government agencies, in all names used, except when the company is

DECEMBER 1958 well known, such as Rolls Royce. This is not sisting of only five or six lines, are marked true in the case of American companies. by a number sign (#).This is of great help There is always an entry for the name of the to the editors when they are referring back company as well as a listing under the head- to an article written by them in the past. In ing Automobiles. most cases, they remember whether it is a General articles on labor are listed under long or a short story they are seeking. Full this subject, with the subheadings, Boycots, entries under each heading are listed in the Legislation, Strikes and so forth. Labor bar- order of publication so as to allow a quick gaining articles are always under the com- and easy grasp of each article at a glance. pany name, the union and government If an illustration, chart or table is used with agency, if one is involved. Proper names of the article, it is so designated on the entry. the unions are not used, as few people know The printed index is not supplied auto- them, except for a few of the very largest matically to all subscribers, but it is avail- ones. The heading AFL-CIO is used, with able upon request for $1 for each six months, a subheading under the industry, such as January-June and July-December. Automobiles, Steel or Rubber. Articles deal- The librarians of Bu~inessWeek use the ing with independent unions can be found index constantly for answering questions of under that heading. In every case, under the editors as well as those of subscribers, ad- name of the company involved, numerous vertisers and librarians of other institutions. cross references and "see also" cards are The four out-of-town news bureaus use the made. index extensively to inform readers, sub- Short items, of which Business Week has scribers and advertisers in their areas about many like the "New Products" column, con- articles which appeared in the magazine. MRS. RUTH ARNOLD has been indexing Business Week for 22 years, from 1936 to the present. She joined Business Week in September 1929 as assistant librarian and the following year became the librarian, a post she held until 1942. Although she now works at home, devoting about 20 hours a week to the BW index, Mrs. Arnold has the distinction of having the longest employment record of any living individual on Business Week.

Indexing McGraw-Hill Magazines HELEN SCHAEFER, Chief Indexer, Library McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, Inc., New York

OURTEEN of the neering and Mining Journal, Factory, Fleet F McGraw-Hill Owner, Food Engineering and Power. As can Publishing Com- be readily seen from these titles, the subject pany's magazines are matter to be indexed covers a wide variety indexed in the Mc- of specialized information, ranging from the Graw-Hill Library by chemical field through the mining, constmc- two and one-half per- tion, electrical, oil and power industries, to sons, two full-time the latest developments in metalworking indexers and one part-time indexer. The practices and plant trends. It even covers magazines include two bimonthlies, Ameri- such unrelated fields as new products and ccln Alncllinist and Chemical En~ineering;five processes in the food field, the trucking in- weeklies, Chemical Week, Electricnl World, dustry and the new, highly specialized field Engineering News-Record, Petroleum Week of control engineering and instrumentation. and Ptodlrct Engineering; and seven month- No three indexers could hope to have lies, Coal Age, Control Engineering, Engi- sufficient technical background and knowl-

SPECIAL LIBRARIES edge of so many subject fields to fully un- tively. "Round Table"-dates and pages for each derstand and interpret each of these publi- issue. Omit "Round Table" discussions. cations. The fact that one of the indexers PRACTICAL IDEAS: Index by author and subject. has a brother in the chemical field, that one (P.I.) is listed on all subject cards after the comes from Kentucky and feels an affinity author's name. for coal mines and that I have developed a REFERENCE BOOK SHEETS: Index by subject strong interest in oil (purely mercenary to and author. There is also one card under "Refer- be sure), makes our work more interesting ence Book Sheets" on which dates and pages are added consecutively. (Ref. Bk. Sheet) is listed on and challenging. To help cope intelligently subject cards only, after the name of the author. with this vast amount of highly technical information, we work more closely at times NEWS OF METALWORKING: Index this section by subject. with the various editors than would be usual if the magazines indexed were of a more BOOK REVIEWS: Omit general nature. NAMES IN THE NEWS: Omit NEW SHOP, EQUIPMENT, MATERIALS AND Basic Indexing Rules PARTS: Omit We have prepared and provided each in- TALENTED TOOLING: List dates and pages dexer with 1) a general guide for indexing consecutively on one card under title "Talented all magazines; 2) specific rules for index- Tooling." ing and printing each one; and 3) a list of DIEMAKER'S KINKS: List on one card using subject headings for each publication. These title "Diemaker's Kinks" (same as above). form the basis from which the indexer SHOP SHOTS: List on one card using title "Shop works. The specific rules for the individual Shots" (same as above). magazines list the sections to be indexed, FIELD REPORT USA: Index first article only, if explain how thoroughly they are indexed, important, by subject. note sections that are not indexed and give the footnotes and symbols used. All of these Subject Headings rules vary with each magazine. Following are the specific rules for in- The selection of subject headings is one dexing American Machinist: of the most important and difficult problems. The subject headings used are determined by COVER: The cover is indexed according to the the indexers and the editors and are con- description given on page 2 of the magazine. Index stantly being revised. All changes must be by subject, using the exact title given on the cover. (cover) should be listed on each card after the approved by the editor of each magazine. title. When there is a major revision of a subject heading list for any publication or when a SPOT NEWS OF METALWORKING: Omit list of-subject headings is compiled for a GAGING METALWORKING: Omit new magazine." the librarian me& with the EDITORIAL: Index editorials by subject and by indexers and the editors to discuss the the name of the editor. Use exact title. On the problems and methods of procedure. When subject cards (ed) should follow the title to in- it is necessary to add a new subject heading dicate that this article is an editorial. or to change an old one, we check reliable FEATURE ARTICLES: Articles are indexed by indexing services, Subject Headings Used subject and author, or authors. Index also by com- In The Dictionary Catalogs Of The Library pany if the article is a special report on a particular company. of Congress (6th edition, 1957) and other sources, to determine what, if any, headings SPECIAL REPORTS: Index reports by subject, author and company if it applies to a particular are being used for a new process or develop- company, and also under "American Machinist ment. Reports." Use exact title on all cards. Type (re- After selecting the new heading or head- port) on subject and company cards after listing. ings that we believe to be suitable, we check ROUND TABLE: Index on one card consecu. with the editor of the magazine who either

DECEMBER 1958 approves the new heading or suggests one that what one might think incongruous is he feels is more suitable. Most of the time sometimes just what the reader wants. we arrive at a satisfactory agreement but sometimes we do not. If the heading isn't Preparation of Index Entries too objectionable, we go along with the When an indexer is ready to index a mag- editor because, in the final analysis, we are azine, she takes out her list of subject head- indexing the magazine primarily for the use ings and her specific rules for indexing the of the editors and the subscribers and we particular publication at hand and then be- want to use terms familiar to them. It is un- gins to check through the issue itself. In derstandable that the subject headings for some cases almost everything in the mag- each magazine be geared to the terminology azine will be indexed, and in others certain used in the publication. sections, such as new equipment briefs, book In 1955 we were called upon to begin an reviews or personals, will be omitted. The index for a new McGraw-Hill publication, indexer begins with the first item to be in- Control Engineering. Since this was an en- dexed and classifies it by subject or subjects, tirely new field of publication, it was diffi- author or authors, if any, and in some cases cult to find any subject headings that would by company name. These entries can be cover such specialized information. After written in the issue itself or typed immedi- talking to the editors we decided that they ately on the index cards, depending up themselves weren't quite sure just what sub- the preference of the indexer. After examin- jects they were going to cover and that the ing the articles, the indexer refers to her list indexer had better draw up some sort of a of subject headings to determine the proper subject headings list. This was done by go- classification. If at all possible, one of the ing through the first few issues and classify- established headings is used. ing the articles by broad categories, such as Entries are typed on 3 x 5 cards, which computers, systems and telemetering. With come in perforated strips of eight with a this initial list in hand, the indexer and ed- wax carbon beneath so that an original card itors reviewed the entries and were able to and a copy are typed at the same time. Using make more specific breakdowns and to add strips of cards saves time because it elimi- additional headings. By this time the editors nates inserting and removing individual had more definite ideas about what they were cards. These cards are made by Waxon-Car- going to write and include, and we had a boff, Inc., 4 Commercial Street, Rochester better idea of what we were going to index, 14, New York. The company will send sam- so the magazine and the index grew to- ple sheets and a booklet giving discounts. gether. The cost is approximately $7 for 1000 sets. Just last year one of the magazines de- One 3 x 5 card is used for each subject, cided that it needed a "bigger and better" author and company entry. The form used index for promotional purposes. The pro- in typing is the same for each magazine. All posed new, "bigger and better" index was, typing is double spaced. The cards are typed in itself, a wonderful idea, but the editors as follows: in the upper left hand corner the wanted not only additional subject entries subject heading, author name or company but seven separate indexes (company, au- name, depending on the entry being made; thor, subject, commodity, geographical, title in the upper right hand corner the volume and personal) and an enormous list of cross number; below and indented, the title or references. We won half of the battle. Com- short abstract of the article, as concise as modities and countries are listed in the reg- possible, followed by the date and page ular subject index. The personal and title number. indexes were finally decided against, but the Subject Cavds cross references remained. However, we have been informed that the new index has re- Generally, most feature articles are listed ceived favorable comment, and this proves under approximately four subject headings, SPECIAL LIBRARIES brief items under two headings. When pos- Example: Author Card Form sible, the exact title of the article is used, Author's name Vol. # of magazine especially if it is self-explanatory and to the Exact title Date & page # point. In some magazines, however, catch Year titles or ~hrasesas used bv the editors; therefore it is necessary for the indexer to Example: Author Card invert the title or to change it completely. Tucker, Spencer A. 102 When indexing briefs or news items that The ABC's of machine-hour rates do not have a title, the indexer must invent May 5-113-128 one. In all cases the important word or 1958 phrase is, if possible, given at the beginning of the title, so that in long alphabetical list- Conzpatzy Cards ings it is easy to locate a particular article. These cards are set up exactly as the sub- All descriptive words and symbols are en- ject cards, using the company's name in tered on the subject and company cards, ac- place of the subject, followed by the title, cording to the written rules for indexing author's name, date, page, year. each magazine. These are entered after the title. Examples of descriptive words and Example: Company Card Form symbols used by the various magazines are: Company name Vol. # of magazine Proper listing decided upon ": (denotes illustrations) Author's name (report) Date & page # (charts) Year (tables) (e) Equipment (N) News items Example: Company Card (T) Trends General Electric Company (D) Developments How GE makes gas turbines (C) New Components George V. Keller, Jr. (Ed) Editorials (charts and tables) (DR) Design Roundup (report) (SP) Significant Parts June 6-137-152 (P.I.) Practical Ideas 1955 (P.D.) Product Development Cross Refereace Cads Example: Subject Card Form Subject heading Vol. # of magazine These cards are simple "see" and "see Proper listing decided upon also" references. Two sets of cross reference Author's name cards are made, one set for the cumulative Date & page # index and one set for the printer's file. After Year the index is printed and before the printer's Example: Subject Card cards are destroyed, the cross reference cards Metalworking 102 are removed and used again for the next Where metalworking is heading year's index. (charts) (report) Mar. 10-113-124 1958 Number of Entries The size of an index depends upon the Author Cards decision of the editor of the publication con- If there is more than one author. a card is cerned. A certain number of pages, ranging made for each. Descriptive words and sym- from 4 to 29, is allotted to each index. Some bols are not included on these cards, except publications do not feel the need of a very an asterisk (*) to denote illustrations, pro- detailed index, either because of the editorial vided this symbol is used by the magazine content of the magazine or because of the being indexed. The asterisk is placed before actual cost. Other editors prefer more ed- the page number. itorial or advertising pages than a detailed

DECEMBER 1958 index. The size of the printed index limits the lead story. All companies are indexed by the number of entries that can be assigned to company name, except in the rare case of an each article. An index is kept to the specified article which mentions briefly six or more number of pages. This occasionally presents companies in the space of a few paragraphs. a problem to the indexer, for it may mean This magazine has one of the larger indexes, not only a less thorough indexing job but but in indexing all of the publications the a more difficult choice for the indexer. If procedure followed is about the same, though she has to choose just two subject headings perhaps not as detailed. when she would like to choose four, she can only hope that the reader will check under Printing and Production Procedures at least one of the headings she has chosen, After the magazine has been indexed, each rather than under one she had to omit. strip of cards is separated by tearing along The editors generally realize this problem, the perforations. All cards are separated into however, and as a result a number of our in- three categories-subject, author and com- dexes have grown considerably in the last pany-then alphabetized under each cate- few years. For example, the Chemical Week gory. The original cards are separated from semi-annual index ran 29 pages in 1957 the wax carbons. The originals are stamped compared to 8 pages in 1951, and the index with the name of the magazine in the right for Engineering 6 Mining ]ozlrnal grew hand corner, above the volume number, and from 12 pages in 1956 to 20 in 1957. We then filed by subject, author and company keep a record of the number of entries we in the cumulative index file. The carbon make for each issue. In this way we can copies are not stamped with the name of judge fairly well if an index is going to the magazine, and the volume number and grow out of proportion. If this happens, we the year are crossed out in pencil because the must talk with the editor, who decides if a printer does not need this information. The more detailed index is justified or if certain carbon copies are filed in a separate file for sections will have to be omitted. Happily, in the printer, cumulated for the current year. most cases, the editors have increased the They are filed in the same order as the orig- size of the index rather than omit the in- inals. Angle tab guide cards in the original dexing of certain sections. cumulative index file and orange guide cards Chemical Week is one publication in in the carbon printer's file are used for each which everything possible is indexed. The subject heading and to separate the author lead story is generally regarded as a feature and company cards. All of the filing is done story and as such would probably be indexed by the indexer who is responsible for a par- under two, three or four subjects, plus com- ticular magazine. pany entries. Rarely are any articles signed The cumulative file of wax carbons, or by a particular author or editor, but authors printer's cards, contains only current, non- are indicated for the special reports. Any published material. This duplicate card in- author's name given, however, is indexed. dex serves an additional purpose by making In Chemical Week several sections are termed available for quick reference, very current newsletters, the first of which is the Business material on a particular subject, without hav- Newsletter. Each of these newsletters may ing to use the 20 year cumulative file. cover six or seven separate developments or Indexers are responsible for overseeing news stories about companies. In the case of the printing of the indexes, so all editing newsletters, all items are indexed by subject and proofreading is done by them. The fre- and by company. The company expansion quency of an index depends upon each pub- section of Chemical Week is indexed only lication. As a general rule, semi-annual in- by company name. New product briefs, dexes are prepared and printed separately for equipment briefs and research briefs are in- the weekly magazines, separate annual indexed by subject and by company. All fea- dexes for the bimonthlies and annual indexes ture articles are indexed in the same way as for the December issues of the monthlies.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Some of the latter are printed separately also. had to index an entire article from just a The cost of printing depends upon how first page, and, on occasion, we have even many pages the index runs, how many copies indexed an entire issue from a contents page, are printed and whether or not the index is with notes from the various editors. pinted separately or as part of an issue. When the November issue is indexed, the When an index is ready to be printed, the printer's cards are edited, numbered consecu- carbon copies are edited. The subject head- tively and taken to the Production Depart- ing is left only on the first entry of each ment. While the index is being printed in subject for which there are two or more en- galley form, the December issue is indexed. tries, and subsequent duplicate headings are When the index galleys are returned they crossed out. All revisions. corrections and are proofread and corrected. The cards that additions are made in pencil, and the cards have been typed for the December issue are are numbered consecutively with a number- numbered and inserted by numbers under the ing machine. They are then ready for the correct subject heading on the galleys. The printer and are taken by the indexer to the galleys and the December entries arc then re- Production Department. Each index is han- turned to the printer with instructions for dled by the member of the Production De- page proofs to be made. The pages are then \ partment who does the production work for returned and proofread. the magazine concerned. Thc printer who prints the magazine prints the index too. If Other Indexing Services the index is to be varityped, it is handled Our indexing service does not end with by the Varitype Department. All galleys, to- the indexes we prepare. Fifteen other Mc- gether with the wax carbons, are returned to Graw-Hill magazines publish printed in- the indexers for proofreading. The proof- dexes. Only six out of 36 McGraw-Hill mag- read galleys are then returned to the Pro- azines are published without indexes, so it duction Department to be made into pages. can be seen that the company thinks indexing Some editors like to see the galleys or the is important! A few of the indexes are sim- page proofs so that they will know what ple listings of articles, others are more de- they are finally going to publish. Occasion- tailed. Some of the magazines have contin- ally they make deletions and changes. The ued to do their own indexing for historical, printer's cards (wax carbons) are kept for special editorial or cost reasons. The actual two months in case any errors have to be indexing is usually done by one of the verified. editors or editorial assistants. From time to When the annual index appears in the time these editors call upon us for help with December issue, we have a deadline to meet. their indexing problems. We answer their The annual index copy must reach the specific questions, explain in detail the printer before the November issue of the methods we use, give them samples of our magazine is published, so two issues of the magazine must be indexed before they are printed indexes and rules for indexing, show actually published. This is accomplished by them various sources for subject headings keeping in touch with the editorial depart- and lend them books and articles on index- ments of the magazines, beginning sometime ing and abstracting. in October of each year, to make sure that The McGraw-Hill indexes that are printed information is indexed from the author's separately are not sent automatically to sub- copy, galleys or page proofs of articles, scribers but they are available without charge whichever we can put our hands on first. (except Business Week and Chemical Week) Here again the indexers work with the edi- upon request. Some magazines maintain tors. Usually the managing editor arranges mailing lists for indexes. for us to have the copy that is available. Our cumulative index files, covering ap- However, complete copy may be late or not proximately 20 years for each of the mag- available at all. In such instances we have azines indexed, with the exception of new

DECEMBER 1958 publications, provide one of the most valu- The McGraw-Hill indexes have grown able reference tools in the library. They are from a simple aid for editors and subscribers used constantly for reference by the editors, to an important tool for all subscribers, sales and business managers and the refer- manufacturcrs, advertisers, advertising agen- ence librarians. The editors use the files to cies, librarians and promotion men in our obtain previous information they might have own and related industries. We have every written on a particular subject, for references reason to believe that the demand for our to use as "fish-backs," or even to make sure services will continue to grow. We enjoy the that they haven't already reported on some- recognition that has made our indexes a vital thing that turns out to be "old hat." part in the communication of information. HELEN SCHAEFER, the chief indexer of the McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, is responsible for the indexing of 14 of the firm's technical magazines. She began her career in the library as a clerk 11 years ago, in 1950 became the assistant indexer and four years later was made chief indexer. Miss Schaefer has studied library science at Columbia University and elsewhere and was trained for her job by the former chief indexer who had indexed McGraw-Hill journals for 24 years.

Indexing General And Popular Magazines

ANN BLANCHET, Chief Indexer Time, Inc., New York City

A SlC.1'ION continuing news stories. Many times they of Time, Inc. Li- ask for background detail, a quotation or a brary, indexes and footnote; if we are to give them the exact keeps cutnul~ti\.cfiles reference quickly, the index cards must show of 7'i//le, Lifr, 1:or.- some of this detail. /NII~311d S/IOI./J IIINs- Advertising promotion uses Index for roundups of coverage on an industry or a News and picture firm. Recently we had to list every item on magazines with many-sided appeal and mass aviation in Time during the last two years. circulation present unusual indexing prob- Another project was a list of 140 recording lems; there must be a wide range of sub- artists to check for mention in Time. With ject headings and detailed annotation. We a list of issue dates and page numbers, Ad ionsider first who will use the index, what promotion ordered all the tearsheets and he will want to check, and how he will ask then made a selection for a promotion piece. for it. Sports Illustrated Ad promotion used S.I.'s color spread "spectacles" on Caribbean and Uses And Users South American sports, which resulted in an Choice of subject headings and annota- ad placed by a south-of-the-border airline. tions on each card is determined by the The letters correspondents who handle varied demands on Index. Editors and re- queries from readers and subscribers come to searchers want to know if and when a story Index for the issue date and page number of has been published. For them our cards must requested stories. In 1957 Index checked be fully annotated to differentiate one story 8,256 letters and found 96 percent of the from another, a most important factor in stories.

468 SPECIAL LIBRARIES Subjects most frequently asked for are Fortune book and movie reviews, diseases, satellites Standard procedures for periodical index- and paintings in color reproduction. Seldom ing are followed for Fortune. Titles and au- do inquirers give the correct title of a paint- thors of feature articles are noted under the ing or the artist's name, but they do give a main subject headings and are annotated to detailed description, even down to the small bring out: the main points of the article. For dog in the right hand corner. We try to find example : the picture. Requests from outside the company ac- AI,*TOMOBILES Cijy and the Cay, Francis Bello's report on count for about half of the total requests. U.S. metropolitan transportation growth since They come from special libraries, advertising 1947, lead over public transit, expenditure agencies, radio and TV programs, students increase 1930-1955, findings FORTUNE rush- (from graduate schools down to the sixth hour driving test, charts, questionnaire com- grade) and the general reader who has a muters' views, table, traffic problem, relief proposals Oct 157. personal reason for wanting a story. A survey of telephone calls for one day Entries also appear under TRANSPORTA- showed the varieti of reader interests: a TION, CITIES AND TOWNS, TRAFFIC, wireless electric light bulb, Gettysburg Bat- CHARTS. Signed articles are also listed un- tlefield, Polish tapestries, Knights of Co- der the author's name. lumbus, mushrooi rites of Mexican Indians, Brussels World's Fair, properties of light, Life DEW Line, Miss America, recipes for East Life's stories and photographic essays are Indian chicken dishes, punch shot in golf, fully indexed. Each picture must be noted roll-flow forming of metals, richest men, under the general subject heading and is labor costs of non-productive worker vs. also indexed separately: productive worker, ~leo~atra'sBarge and snickering purple baboons. Sculpture ART Photo essay beauty of Madonna and Child in Indexing Practices sculpture captured by three photographers ;. Golden Virgin of Amiens, Henry Moore's Indexers watch for heading and subhead- Mother and Child, Our Lady of Grace im ing uniformity and adequate cross references. Toulouse, Epstein's Madonna, details, Ma- Uniformity of subject headings is most im- donna of Church of St. Denis, gold image of portant for a cumulative index, especially for Essen Cathedral, details, Michelangelo's Mary a news magazine. atzd Jesus, c.p.,d.c.p.,c.cov. 16D58. Cross references are used generously. "See The same entry is duplicated under MARY also" references save duplication and indi- (VIRGIN) and PHOTOGRAPHY. These cate related material: VIENTIANE See entries are cut to a line or two for the printed. Laos-Cities and Towns-Vientiane; MED- index : ICINE See also diseases by name; Doctors; Drugs ; Hospitals ; Surgery. SCULPTURE All four magazines are fully indexed, but Beauty of Madonna and Child in sculpture, c.p., c.cov. 16 D 58. many brief entries are not printed in the semiannual indexes. Time's Business Time Life's features on photography, other than Clock, Medicine Capsules and Education regular picture material, are indexed under Re~ortCard are indexed for the files but PHOTOGRAPHY with subheadings Aerial ; are not printed. International editions are Multiple exposure; Time exposure. A picture indexed only for articles and pictures that of a chimpanzee imitating Picasso's flashlight have not appeared in the regular editions. drawing will be indexed under PHOTOG- For Time, we indicate "CAN." or "L.A." on RAPHY-Stroboscopic. It will also appear the index card, for Life, "INT." These en- under PICASSO and CHIMPANZEES, with tries are not printed in the semiannual in- a brief entry under FLASHLIGHTS. Under dex. Life en Espanol has its own index. PHOTOGRAPHY-Trick is an entry on re- DECEMBER 1958 flected lights appearing as flying saucers over Committee, expected win approval in popular New York. PHOTOGRAPHY-Micropho- referendum Oct. 5 ; provisions outlined would tography includes a spider's fight with a fly; reduce National Assembly's powers, strengthen President's; controversial Article 14 granting this entry also appears under SPIDERS, emergency dictatorial rule to President 11 FLIES and INSECTS. Ag 22.

Time Government FRANCE News indexing with headline style is used Premier De Gaulle's proposal new constitution; submitted to Constitutional Consultative for Time. The news peg is first. Background Committee, expected win approval in popular material in each story is indicated on the referendum Oct. 5; provisions outlined would card. Titles of business essays and other reduce National Assembly's powers, strengthen boxed articles are indicated on the subiect President's; controversial Article 14 granting card. Titles of news stories are not indicated. emergency dictatorial rule to President 11 Ag 22. Continuing stories of foreign news are fully annotated to distinguish this week's Political conditions FRANCE news report from last week's. For example, Premier De Gaulle's proposal new constitu- stories on the Middle East appear nearly tion; submitted to Constitutional Consultative every week. Baghdad Pact meetings, actions Committee, expected win approval in popular referendum Oct. 5 ; provisions outlined and proposals by various nations or U.S. 11 Ag 22. policy statements must be included in the entry under the heading MIDDLE EAST. GAULLE, CHARLES DE Full annotations enable us to give the date Unveils proposed new constitution, submits to Constitutional Consultative Committee, ex- of the right story without checking the is- pected win approval in popular referendum; sues. or-example: provisions outlined ; would reduce National Assembly's powers, greatly strengthen Presi- MIDDLE EAST dent's 11 Ag 22. London meeting of Baghdad Pact, Iraq not present. U.S.'s Dulles pledges to back security Three persons who made comments on the and defense of member nations, declaration poposed constitution were also indexed makes U.S. "full partner," boost in eco- briefly. nomic and military aid expected; Dulles aide claims no new commitments involved The following entries were made for a re- 11 Ag 19. port in the medicine section :

The same story is indexed under seven VACCINES other headings : DULLES, JOHN FOSTER ; Live-virus polio vaccine mass tested in BAGHDAD PACT; UNITED STATES- Belgian Congo, complete safety and effective- Foreign relations ; IRAQ-Foreign relations ; ness reported; taken orally; Chat strain (Type TURKEY-Foreign relations ; IRAN-For- I) and Fox 111 (Type 111) used, made at Philadelphia's Wistar Institute; Dr. Kop- eign relations ; PAKISTAN-Foreign rela- rowski and patients in Congo, p. 11 Ag 32. tions. A picture of the meeting is indicated with "p." on the BAGHDAD PACT card. INFANTILE PARALYSIS Four foreign ministers in a group picture are Live-virus vaccine against paralytic polio indexed under their names, "At Baghdad mass-tested in Belgian Congo, complete safety Pact meeting, p." These entries carry a sym- and effectiveness reported; taken orally; made bol which indicates they are brief mentions from two strains of polio virus at Philadel- phia's Wistar Institute under Dr. Koprowski and are not to appear in the printed index. 11 Ag 32. A recent storv on France shows the need for duplication under the same main heading VIRUSES but under different subheadings. Live-virus polio vaccine mass-tested in Belgian Congo, complete safety and effectiveness re- Constitution FRANCE ported; Chat strain (Type I) and Fox 111 Premier De Gaulle's proposed new constitu- (Type 111) used, made at Philadelphia's Wis- tion; submitted to Constitutional Consultative tar Institute 11 Ag 32. SPECIAL LIBRARIES KOPROWSKI, HILARY Methods And Special Services Heads mass trial of live-virus polio vaccine in Index clerks type index cards, work with Belgian Congo, reports complete safety and the indexers in making corrections, file and effectiveness; with patients in Congo, p. interfile. They also take telephone calls and 11 Ag 32. check the files for issue dates. They must be familiar with subject headings to answer re- '&ISTAR INSTITUTE quests quickly and efficiently. In Philadelphia makers of live-virus polio The indexing is written on yellow sheets, vaccine successfully tested in Belgian Congo, Dr. Koprowski project head 11 Ag 32. main headings circled to indicate they are to be typed in caps and subheadings added Belgian Congo MEDICINE where needed. The typist adds the issue date Mass trial of live-virus polio vaccine, com- and page number. Typing is done on strips plete safety and effectiveness reported ; taken of 2 x 5 inch ~erforatedcards with a wax orally; U.S.'s Dr. Koprowski and patients, p. 11 Ag 32. carbon. After correction by the indexer, the cards are torn, carbons of the "not to print" The WISTAR INSTITUTE card, preceded entries are discarded and the other carbons by the symbol "o", will not appear in the are filed with the card in the current year printed index. The rest of the entries will file. At the end of a half year period, the be much briefer in the printed index. carbons are edited and sent to the printer. The indexing of congressional news pre- Filing the carbon with the original saves us sents unusual problems. The same piece of a double job of filing and interfiling. legislation may be referred to in one issue Auxiliary files for covers provide quick as the "labor-reform bill," in another as reference. Time's cover file is an alphabetical "Senator Kennedy's labor bill" or "the Ken- list by name, followed by a miscellaneous nedy-Ives bill for labor reform." We index file for subject covers such as the stock mar- all bills and probes under the subject, i.e., ket bull, space travel, do-it-yourself, road- POSTAL SERVICE ; LABOR-Legislation ; building machinery or US. taxpayer. We are UNIONS ; UNITED STATES-Foreign re- often asked to list cover stories in combina- lations or CIVIL RIGHTS. We also index tions such as all covers picturing Canadian congressional legislation and investigations personalities, families that have had two or under UNITED STATES-Congress-Sen- more members on Time covers or the num- ate or House of Representatives ; committees ber of baseball players. Recently we received and subcommittees are included in the entry the inquiry, "HOG many times have dead but not indexed as headings or subheadings. persons appeared on the cover ?" There were Assistant Time indexers confer with the six-Washington, Marx, Stalin, Freud, chief indexer on new subject headings, name Theodore Roosevelt and the Lindbergh baby. changes or major revisions in the files. The We were once asked to list all the covers of cumulative file is our best handbook of sub- people who came from Denver. That was ject headings. impossible. We have a chronological list of covers in the cumulative file, with name and Sportr Illustrated identification. It is a help in compiling lists Sports Illustrated, the youngest index, was for only a few years back. Life, Fortu~eand set up with the first issue in August 1954 Sports Illu.rti,zted have title files. with an indexer and a typist-index clerk. In 1957 we added nearly 70,000 cards to This magazine has fewer subject headings the files: 27,600 l'inle entries (average 550 but many more subheadings. There may be a each issue) ; 18,500 Life (355 each issue) ; dozen subheadings under FISHING making 9,000 Fortune (750 each issue) ; 14,300 it easier to pick out the article on salmon or Sports Illz~.rtra/ed (275 each issue). marlin or trout. S.I. has regional Issues which We answer from 3,000 to 4,000 telephone must be indexed for material that does not calls a month and keep a daily tabulation of appear in the regular edition. departmental and outside calls.

DECEMBER 1958 In 1957 we received 51,432 requests, in- asking about United States influence on 30 cluding telephone calls and letters. We were other countries; "What do you have on ac- able to answer 95 percent of these questions. quisitions? I mean like getting others, par- Questions may be "Have you any material on ticularly focusing objectives and component Asia?" ; "I am in the sixth grade and the parts;" "Have you seen that play the Desk project I have chosen is 'What effect has the Set? Do you have an IBM machine?" United States had on Belgium in the last ten We are constantly aware of the need for a years?' " and the same request from all the full and accurate index to satisfy our editors sixth-graders in the same town in California, and subscribers. ANN BLANCHET has been the chief indexer at 7':me, Inc. since 1949 and is responsible for indexing Time, Life, Fortune and Sports Illuslmted. A graduate of Smith College, Miss Blanchet has taken post-graduate work at Columbia University's Teachers College and School of Library Service. Before coming to Time, Inc., she worked with the Columbia University Bookstore for 13 years. Indexing Services

ROBERTA PURDY, Editor Applied Science & Technology Index, The H. W. Wilson Company, New York

HE H. W. Wil- There are general indexing policies that T son Company be- all the Wilson indexes follow. Everything gan 60 years ago of permanent reference value is indexed. with a single publi- Very brief items of temporary interest are cation. In the follow- omitted. ing years Wilson has I shall describe the procedures followed gradually expanded, by the Applied Science 6 Technology In- until at ~resent it dex with which I am most familiar. publishes 12 periodical indexes in addition We index 197 periodicals elected by sub- to numerous reference works. These indexes scribers : 147 monthlies, two semimonthlies, cover every field and include general works, 15 bimonthlies, 11 weeklies, six biweeklies, such as the reader.'.^ ~uide-toPeriodical 13 quarterlies, two semiquarterlies and also Literature, and specific works, such as the the separately published articles of the Pro- new Applied Science & Technology Index ceedings of the Institution of Mechanical En- and the Business Periodicals I~zdex. gineers. Many hundreds of periodicals are included Because of the time involved in the print- in the Wilson indexes. An effort is made to ing and because we try to have the Index in avoid duplication, but at times this is not the mail by the middle of the month, the possible. For instance, subscribers voted to indexing period is always the month pre- duplicate eight periodicals in the two new ceding the date of issue. For example, for indexes, Applied Science 6 Technology In- the May 1958 issue the indexing period was dex and Busimss Per.iodicdlr Ijzdex, both March 27 through April 25. The June 1958 being outgrowths of the former Industrial issue, which is a 3 month cumulation, in- Arts Index. With these eight periodicals, the cludes indexing from February 25 through technical articles are indexed in Applied Sci- May 16. (The closing date was a week ence C Tech~zologyIndex and the articles earlier this time, so that I could finish read- pertaining to business are indexed in Busi- ing and editing the galleys before attending ness Periodicals Index. Business also dupli- the SLA Convention.) cates five periodicals indexed in Reader's When indexing, we always try to keep in Guide and four in I?ztesnntio?zal Ivdex, again mind the phrase "permanent reference by vote of subscribers. value." All signed articles are included. We

472 SPECIAL LIBRARIES index short abstracts if they contain perti- tems engineering" was used throughout, so nent information. We include panel discus- we decided to use "SYSTEMS engineering" sions, symposiums, annual meetings of asso- as a heading. Another example is the head- ciations and unsigned articles that seem to ing "TRANQUILLIZING drugs." When have permanent reference value. In keeping we decided to use this heading last year, we with Wilson policy, we omit everything that could not find it used elsewhere. Most of our is ephemeral and of temporary interest. If sources used SEDATIVES for the tranquil- every item, both large and small were in- hers. We felt quite elated when, a while cluded, the Index would contain mainly later, the Library of Congress also began to ephemeral material, it would lose much of use "TRANQUILLIZING drugs" as a sub- its reference value and, of course, the cost to ject heading. subscribers would be greatly increased. When a series appears in every issue of a Each article is given careful considera- periodical, we index it by using a blanket tion, and the most specific subject headings reference which includes the phrase "Pub- are assigned. The subject headings in the lished in monthly (or weekly) numbers of Applied Science C Techtzology Index are (name of the periodical) " For example: based on those used in the former Industrial LINOTYPE Arts Index. In general we try to keep to- Your slug-casting machine problems. L. gether similar subject material. To do this Brewington. Published in monthly num- we often have to use inverted headings, for bers of Inland printer. example : Panel discussions and symposiums are in- PAPER dexed under a general heading Individual PAPER, Glass papers are indexed separately oily if a more (not GLASS paper) specific subject heading is necessary. For RUBBER instance, when this workshop is published, it RUBBER, Artificial will be indexed under "PERIODICALS- (not ARTIFICIAL rubber) Indexing." The individual papers will not TEXTILE fibers be separately indexed. TEXTILE fibers, Synthetic We write the subject headings and cross (not SYNTHETIC textile fibers) references directly in the periodicals. We indicate the title kith check marks and en- We do not always invert headings. We circle the author's name if it is hidden in the have many beginning with the words elec- text. The magazine is sent to the Production tric, electronic, hydraulic, pneumatic. When Department where the copy is typed and re- using inverted headings, we make cross ref- vised. All the Wilson indexes use the same erences, such as: form of entry: Subject. Title. Author. bib- ARTIFICIAL rubber. See Rubber, Artificial liog (if any) il (if any) Name of period- ARTIFICIAL satellites. See Satellites, Artificial ical. Volume number: paging of article. Month. Year. For example: For new headings we consult other Wil- son indexes for suggestions. We also use the PRINTING presses Library of Congress list of subject headings, Lubrication Engilzeering Index, Chemical Abstracts and Life of your press depends upon good lubrication. G. M. Halpern. il Inland Ptr. technical dictionaries. If these sources fail us, 140:12-3+ Mr '58. we then have to use the word or phrase commonly used in the articles. An example We indicate bibliographies of five or of this is the heading "SYSTEMS engineer- more entries. For lengthy bibliographies we ing." We could not find this heading used indicate the paging. For example: bibliog anywhere. Yet the January 1958 issue of (~56-8). Instrzcments and Automatiotz contained many The copy is typed on sheets of paper articles on this subject, and the phrase "sys- which are divided into five sections. When

DECEMBER 1958 the copy has been revised and removed from make certain that articles are under the the periodical, these sheets are cut to form proper subject heading. individual pieces of copy and are then filed. The galleys are then returned to the Print- The copy is then sent down to the Print- ing Department for make-up into pages. ing Department to be set on the Linotype When the pages, with the galleys, come back, machine. Galleys are then printed and sent the pages are measured to be sure no lines up to the editorial office to be compared have been dropped and are compared with with the copy. They are returned to the the galleys to see that all corrections have Printing Department for correction. been made. They are then returned to the The revised galleys are sent back in dupli- Printing Department for final printing. cate. One set is gummed, and these galleys The Index is printed in forms of 32 pages. are cut and the individual entries are pasted The forms then go to the bindery where to the original typewritten copy. This forms they are assembled into copies of the Index the card catalog with which cumulated gal- and then bound. The final step is the mail- leys are compared for missing lines. ing of the copies to subscribers. The other set of galleys is read twice. All Wilson indexes follow the same pro- The first reading is for typographical errors. cedure as the Applied Science & Techrzology The second reading is for subject matter, to Itzdex. ROBERTA PURDY, editor of the new Applied Science C Technology Index since its inception in Janu- ary 1958, was earlier the editor and an indexer for its predecessor, Industrial Arts I~zdex.Miss Purdy has been at the H. W. Wilson Company since 1952, having had previous experience as a cataloger at Time magazine and the Russell Sage Foundation Library. She is a graduate of the Woman's College of the LTniversity of North Carolina and the School of Library Service at Columbia University.

2-39 Subcommittee on Indexing American Standards Association ANNE J. RICHTER, Chairman, 2-39 Subcommittee

HIS FINAL REPORT of the American Standards Association 2-37 Sub- Tcommittee on Indexing is the result of many months of committee work. In the winter of 1955 the Subcommittee's chairman was appointed, and by the spring of 1956 representatives of various gro,ups interested in indexing and individuals actively engaged in indexing were invited to serve on the committee. The first meeting was held in May of that year, and the decision was made to limit the recommenda- Bricirllnr~m~rnn.ua,,nsm tions of the group to 1) the scope of an index; 2) the style of an index; 3) the format of an index; and 4) the physical form of an index. Four committee members accepted assignments to prepare working pap-rs. The group nearly bogged down on the question of the "definition" of an index, but finally agreement was reachc-d on the definition and its accompanying glossary, as it now appears. During 1757 the committee mct in thc o&ces of various members-the Library of Con- gress, the New York Public Library, the United Nations Library, the New York Tiilze~Li- brary and the R. R. Bowker Company-and by November of that year a preliminary draft had been mailed to members. A revised draft followed and this was presented in December 1957 to the Council of National Library Associations, thz sponsoring organization of the 2-39 Committee. In April 1958 the report was given to thz full 2-37 Committee for approval as a proposed ASA standard. There was practically unanimous acceptance except for

474 SPECIAL LIBRARIES certain reservations by the representative 06 Chemical Ab~tractswho, while approving the report in general, felt that no provisions had been made in the draft for indexing in accord- ance with CA's specific needs. During the past summer representatives of Chemical Ab- styacts have worked with the Subcommittee, and the final report incorporates the points this outstanding indexing service had suggested. At the October 31, 1958 meeting of the 2-39 Committee, whose responsibility is to develop standards for concepts, definitions, terminology, letters and signs, practices, methods, supplies and equipment used in the field of library work and the preparation and utilization of documents, the report of the Subcommittee on Indexing was accepted for circulation among all 2-39 Committee members for a written ballot for final approval. MRS. ANNE J. RICHTER, book editor of the R. R. Bowker Company, is vice-chairman of the2-39 Com- mittee and chairman of the 2-39 Subcommittee on Indexing, and has served as the SLA representative to the 2-39 Committee for the past four years. At the 1953 SLA Convention in Toronto, Mrs. Richter mod- erated a panel on "Standards for Magazine Format" and during her term as chairman of the Publishing Division, the "Checklist for Magazine Publishers" was prepared and widely distributed by the Division. In May 1959 she will be chairman of the five-day Institute on Indexing Periodicals, which is being planned by the Columbia University School of Library Service. In addition to her interest in Iibraries and library problems, Mrs. Richter is active in the book trade world. She is currently serving as the first national president of the Women's National Book Association and in 1957 received that association's Constance Lindsay Skinner Award for her outstanding contributions to the world of books.

0 Final Report, October 1958 Foreword Eleanor F. Steiner-Prag, R. R. Bowker Com- This standard was prepared by a subcom- pany. * mittee of Sectional Committee 2-39 on The members of the Subcommittee on In- Standardization in the Field of Library Work dexing who prepared the standard were Bur- and Documentation. Committee 2-59 is or- ton W. Adkinson, Office of Scientific In- ganized under the procedures of the Amer- formation, National Science Foundation ican Standards Association and sponsored (formerly of the Library of Congress); by the Council of National Library Asso- Mary D. Alexander, University of Chicago ciations. Press; John Askling, John Askling Associ- The Subcommittee on Indexing was or- ates, index consultant to Bell Telephone ganized in May 1956. Eight meetings were Laboratories; Mildred W. Benson, Encyclo- held. Diverse types of indexes were dis- paedia Britannica; William Bridgwater, Co- cussed at length, and the subcommittee en- lumbia University Press, representing the deavored to base its recommendations on the American Association of University Presses; best known and accepted indexing practices. Edwin B. Colburn, H. W. Wilson Company The question of how to define an index was and secretary, Council of National Library given careful study and considerable discus- Associations; James B. Coover, Music Li- sion. It was decided to add a glossary of brary, Vassar College; A. P. DeWeese, New terms and a section on "what an index is York Public Library; Henry J. Dubester, Li- not" in order to make the definition com- brary of Congress; Lavinia Dudley, Amer- pletely clear. icana Corporation ; Elizabeth Ferguson, In- Two bibliographies prepared for the Sub- stitute of Life Insurance Library; Bertha M. committee's use are published in the standard Frick, School of Library Service, Columbia as appendices to provide additional reference University ; Joseph A. Groesbeck, United material. The bibliography of periodical ar- * EDITOR'SNOTE: Copies of these bibliographies ticles was compiled for the subcommittee by may be obtained upon request from Anne J. J. Myron Jacobstein, assistant law librarian, Richter at the R. R. Bowker Company, 62 West Columbia University. The bibliography on 45th Street, New York 36. They may also be consulted in Lib~dryJournal, May 1, 1958, vol. 83, books and pamphlets was compiled by no. 9, p. 1356-58. DECEMBER 1958 Nations Library; Rollin Hemens, University H. Carruthers, Chief, Photographic Service, of Chicago Press; Ernest Hildebrand, Amer- New York Public Library (Alternate) Vernon D. Tate, Librarian, An- icana Corporation ; J. Myron Jacobstein, napolis Law Library, Columbia University, repre- AMERICANTEXTBOOK PUBLISHERS INSTITUTE: senting the American Association of Law Theodore Waller, Grolier Society Libraries ; Elaine Jost, Americana Corpora- ASSOCIATEDBUSINESS PUBLICATIONS: Ivan A. tion; Frank A. Lundy, University of Ne- Given, Editor, Coal Age braska Library, .representing the Association ASSOCIATIONOF AMERICANLIBRARY SCHOOLS: of College and Reference Libraries ; William Dorothy L. Bevis, School of Librarianship, Uni- versity of Washington, Seattle T. Morris, Jr., H. W. Wilson Co.; John ASSOCIATION01: AMERICAX~N~VERS~TY PRESSES: Rothman, New York Times Index; George August Frugk, University of California Press A. Schwegmann, Chief, Union Catalog Di- ASSOC~AT~ONOF RESEARCHLIBRARIES: Jerrold vision, Library of Congress; Joseph W. Orne, Librarian, University of North Carolina Sprug, Catholic Periodical Index, represent- BOOK MANUFACTURERS'INSTITUTE. INC.: Mal- colm H. Frost, Executive Director ing the Catholic Library Association; and CATHOLICLIBRARY ASSOCIATION: Laurence A. Anne Richter, Bowker Company, J. R. R. Leavey, Assistant Librarian and Assistant Profes- chairman. Laurence Leavey, St. Vincent Col- sor of Bibliography, St. Vincent College Library lege Library, former chairman of the 2-39 COUNCILOF NATIONALLIBRARY ASSOCIATIONS: Committee; Robert E. Kingery, New York Edwin B. Colburn, Chief, Indexing Services, Public Library, former secretary of the 2-39 H. W. Wilson Company Committee: and Ruth E. Mason, American COUNCILON LIBRARYRESOIJRCES, INC.: Verner W. Clapp, President and Director, Council on Standards Association, served as ex-officio Library Resources members. JEWISHLIBRARIANS ASSOCIATION: Rabbi Isidore S. The Subcommittee completed its work and Meyer, Librarian, American Jewish Historical submitted the standard to the Sectional Com- Society mittee 2-39 on April 3, 1958, and a revised JOINT COMMITTEEON MICROCARDS:Fremont final report on October 31, 1958. The Rider, Godfrey Memorial Library ~ectionaiCommittee voted approval late in JOINT COMMITTEEON PHARMACYCOLLEGE LIBRARIES:Mildred P. Clark. Winthrop Labora- 1958. 'The sponsoring organization (CNLA) tories is expected to approve the standard at its De- LIBRARYBINDING INSTITUTE: Dudley A. Weiss cember 6 meeting and will submit it for ap- LIBRARYOF CONGRESS:Henry J. Dubester, Chief, proval by ASA. The standard will then be General Reference and Bibliography Division given final approval as an American Stand- MEDICALLIBRARY ASSOCIATION: Gilbert J. Claus- ard. man, Librarian. NYU-Bellevue Medical Center Members of the Sectional Committee 2-39 Library at the time of approval of the standard were: Musrc LIBRARYASSOCIATION: James Cower, Music Library, Vassar College AMERICANASSOCIATION OF LAW LIBRARIES: NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONOF MAGAZINEPUB- Edith L. Hary, Law Librarian, Maine State LISHERS:George C. Lucas Library NATIONALBUSINESS PUBLICATIONS, INC.: Robert AMERICANBOOK PUBLISHERSCOUNCIL: Anne J. E. Harper, President, National Business Publica- Richter, R. R. Bowker Company tion AMERICANCHEMICAL SOCIETY: Dale B. Baker, (Alternate) William L. Chapman, Jr., General Associate Director, Chemical Abstracts Manager, Medical Economics Inc. (Alternate) James L. Wood, Librarian, Chem- NATIONAL RESEARCIICOUNCIL: Harold Oatfield, ical Abstracts Charles Pfizer & Company AMERICANDOCUMENTATION INSTITUTE: Wil- NATIONALSCIENCE FOUNDATION: Burton W. liamina A. Himwich, Medical Research Asso- Adkinson, Director, Office of Scientific Informa- ciate, State Research Hospital, Galesburg, Ill. tion, National Science Foundation AMERICANLIBRARY ASSOCIATION, RESOURCES & SOCIETYOF AMERICAKARCHIVISTS: G. Philip TECHNICALSERVICES DIVISION: Laura Cum- Bauer, National Archives mings, Columbia University Libraries SOCIETYOF TECHNICALWRITERS AND EDITORS, ASA SECT~ONALCOMMITTEE ON PHOTOGRAPHIC INC.: Mrs. Helen Friedemann, Dr. Henry Haus- REPRODUCTIONOF DOCUMENTSP-H5: Ralph ner SPECIAL LIBRARIES SPECIALLIBRARIES ASSOCIATION: Anne J. Richter, dicating the nature of the material to be R. R. Bowker Company found there. Some indexes, such as those TECHNICALPUBLISHING SOCIETY: Edward A. on punch cards, may not have entries in Stearn, Ramo-Wooldridge Corp., Guided Missile Research Division this sense. SUBJECT:A unit concept found in, or de- L1.S. NAVYDEPARTMENT, BUREAU OF SHIPS: M. Bonniwell, Head, Technical Library Department rived from, the material indexed. The of Navy, Bureau of Ships unit concept may be found or expressed MEMBERS-AT-LARGE:Robert E. Kingery, Chief, as a thematic topic, a name, a date, the Preparation Division, New York Public Li- first line of a poem, the title of a work, brary; Chairman, 2-39 Committee an expression coined to give the gist of John H. Ottemiller, Associate Librarian, Yale University the material indexed, etc. Ralph H. Phelps, Director, Engineering Societies SUSTAINED:Comprising the entire work to Library be indexed, from beginning to end, and EX-OFFICIO: Carroll C. Moreland, Chairman, using the same method of indexing con- Council of National Library Associations; Li- sistently for all its parts. brarian, Biddle Law Library, University of Pennsylvania SYSTEMATIC:Using a logical, consistent ,4SA STAFF REPRESENTATIVE:Ruth E. Mason, method of dividing the material indexed American Standards Association and grouping the resulting entries (except for certain punch card indexes which 1. Aims And Purpose do not require such grouping). This standard provides basic criteria for indexing books, periodicals and other docu- 2.3. What an Itzdex is Not mentary materials. It includes a definition of An index is not a concordance, a table of an index and standards covering the nature, contents, a mere list of words not in subject organization and style of an index, as well entry form, a glossary, a checklist, a history as certain observations about indexing pro- or background analysis of an action arranged cedure generally and the value of an index. chronologically. It does not attempt to set standards for every detail of indexing, which must be de- 3. Nature And Variety Of Indexes termined on the basis of the type of ma- 3.1. The nature of an index is determined terial indexed and the readers to which the by the subject content of the material to be material is addressed. indexed and by the use to which the index is to be put. Hence, the qualifications and pur- 2. Definitions poses of the prospective readership must be 2.1. Defiuitio~z of an Index taken into account. Within the fields of library practice and 3.2. Indexes are applicable to single documentation, an index is a guide to the works, whether monographic or encyclo- contents of any reading matter or other pedic, in one or more volumes, and to mul- documentary materials, which provides a tiple related works. The most common types systematic, sustained subject analysis of the of material indexed are: (a) single books, contents of such materials arranged accord- (b) multiple issues of a single periodical or ing to alphabetical, chronological, numerical newspaper, (c) single or multiple issues of or other chosen order. Each entry is followed multiple periodicals (indexing services), by page number, paragraph number or other (d) encyclopedias, (e) collections and mis- indicator showing the exact location of the cellaneous groups of publications or other reference documentary materials. 3.3. Indexes to these different types of 2.2. Glossary of Key Terms Used i~zthe materials vary not only in their organization Defiuitiorz and format but also in the extent to which ENTRY:Any item in the index referring to the analysis of the content is carried out. a single specific place in the text and in- An index to a single book of 200 pages, for

DECEMBER 1958 example, may be far more detailed than an and also, if warranted, at major subject index to a group of periodicals comprising headings. 300 separate articles for a total of 2,000 pages; an index for an abstract journal may 4.2. Entries (Heading, Subheadings and be more detailed than either of these. Modificdtions) 3.4. The scope of an index is necessarily 4.2.1. In its simplest form, an entry con- determined, and therefore its quality may be sists of a single, concise item derived from limited, by such practical considerations as the text and the reference to its location (a) amount of space available, (b) cost of there. In more complex indexes, an entry publication, (c) publication deadlines, and may have several subentries or modifications (d) size and quality of the indexing staff. (e.g., Shakespeare, early years 4-6; educa- 3.5. Indexes may be appended to the tion 5, 6), or several entries pertaining to work indexed and published within it; the); the same subject may be grouped under a may be published as separate volumes; or heading encompassing all, which may, in they may be issued in card form (punched turn, be divided into several subheadings. or unpunched) or otherwise. The difference in method is outwardly one of typographical arrangement; the choice 4. Content, Organization And Style should be determined by the complexity of 4.1. General the material and the minuteness with which 4.1.1. Indexes should cover all material it is indexed. in the work indexed unless certain excep- 4.2.2. The subject form of entries (for tions are predetermined and called to the indexes which require such form) should be attention of the user. Indexes should include derived from the text indexed; and the ter- significant material in forewords, prefaces, minology, once established, must be followed introductions, footnotes, addenda and ap- consistently. Through the use of "see" refer- pendices. An index may supply information ences provision should be made for synony- implicit but not actually found in the text, mous terms (e.g., Aeronautics-Aviation) , such as full names, identifying dates, ma- for popular as against scientific or technical terial such as names of chemical compounds terms (e.g., Heart Attack-Coionary Throm- and other important terms inadvertently bosis), for terms well-known as abbrevia- omitted from abstracts indexed, etc., pro- tions (e.g., AFL-CIO) and for obsolete as vided that such additions serve only for against current terms (e.g., Flying Saucers- clarification and fall strictly within the scope Unidentified Flying Objects ; Alabamine- and intent of the work indexed. Indexes Astatine). These "see" references should be need not cover the title page, dedications, used from the time when a given term comes the table of contents, detailed chapter analy- into general usage until it has lost all popu- ses at the beginning of each chapter and the lar currency. bibliography, although a note in the index 4.2.3. Main headings should be as specific referring to the bibliography and stating that as possible, except in indexes designed to fa- chapter analyses may be found in the work cilitate generic searching where main head- will be helpful. If the work includes ad- ings must be of a more general nature. Sep- vertising matter of reference value, this arate subheadings should be established, or should be indexed. Separate indexes to ad- modifying phrases (modifications) coined, vertising and text material are advisable. for each aspect of a given subject, if feasible, 4.1.2. Indexes should be organized ac- and must be established whenever the num- cording to a logical, balanced, consistent and ber of references in any one subentry exceeds easily recognizable pattern. A note explain- four. Subheadings and modifications under ing the pattern and calling attention to nec- a given main heading should form a consist- essary deviations, if any, should be present ent pattern. Subheadings should all be on whenever it is thought useful. Such notes the same level of classification (e.g., if under should appear at the beginning of the index a main heading Steel Industry a subheading

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Labor Relations is used. then Strikes should 4.3.4. In multiple word headings, the not also be used as a parallel subheading, word-by-word method of alphabetizing (New since it is in fact subsidiary to the other). York before Newark) should be used rather For this reason, also, the Subcommittee sug- than the letter-by-letter method. The Sub-

gests that subject subheadings and geograph- committee recognizesu that the latter method ical subheadings not both be used under the is widely used and suggests that a note stat- same heading on the same level of classifica- ing which method is used should be included tion. (For example: If under the heading in the index. Education both Canada and Elementary ap- 4.3.5. Certain deviations from the strict pear as parallel subheadings, the reader will alphabetical order may be made when it not know whether entries on elementary seems reasonable to do so (Henry I1 filed schools in Canada will be found under Edu- before Henry V) . cation-Canada or under Education-Ele- 4.3.6. Under authors' names, "by" entries mentary. To avoid this, use Education-Can- should be filed before "about" entries in in- ada with Elementary as a further subdivision, dexes which combine the two. or use ducati ion-~lementar~ with Canada 4.3.7. Where the same word denotes both and other geographic entities as further sub- a subject and a personal name, filing should divisions.) When headings have many sub- be in the order of person, place, thing, title. headings and subentries, a note explaining 4.3.8. "See" references should be filed the structure and listing the subheadings is in normal alphabetical order. often helpful. 4.3.9. "See also" references should be 4.2.4. The first page reference (or refer- filed in normal alphabetical order before all ence to a fraction of a page) under a given entries except when they pertain not to the heading should be to the first introduction of given heading or subheading as a whole but the subject in the text, even if that is not to only one specific entry under it, in which necessarily the main reference. case they should follow that entry. Although there is a difference of opinion on this point, 4.3. Alphabetizing (Filing) this standard is based on the consideration that the user of an index is told immedi- 4.3.1. Standards are recommended here ately in the heading what material is not to for the principal aspects of alphabetizing and be found under it. filing. However, the American Library Asso- 4.3.10. Abbreviations should be filed as ciation Rules for Filing Catalog Cards (1942) if spelled out (St. Louis as Saint Louis), ex- and the Library of Congress Filing Rules cept (a) when the words abbreviated are (1956) should be consulted for additional not known (e.g., C.I.T. Financial Cory.) guidance. and (b) when abbreviations are used as 4.3.2. In alphabetically arranged indexes, headings for "see" references to the cor- a single alphabet should be used in most responding terms spelled out (e.g., ICC see cases. (Likely exceptions would be an an- Interstate Commerce Commission). Abbre- thology of poetry, in which separate alpha- viations should be filed preferably at the be- bets for authors, titles and first lines may be ginning of the letter; however, if they are advisable; or of chemistry, in which au- filed as words, a note of explanation should thors, molecular formulas, patent numbers, organic rings, subjects, etc., may be advis- be carried. able.) 4.3.11. Elisions should be filed as printed, 4.3.3. Subheadings, subentries and modifi- ignoring punctuation (e.g., Who's Who filed cations should appear in alphabetical order, as though spelled Whos Who). ~~otin the order in which pertinent material 4.3.12. Hyphenated words should be filed appears in the text. However, subentries de- as though two separate words, except, for noting historical periods should be filed instance, such words as cooperation, anti- chronologically (17th Century before 18th trust, postwar, which have become single Century). words through usage.

DECEMBER 1958 4.3.13. Numbers should be filed as if dex. A note informing the reader that such spelled out, except as noted in 4.3.3. and special information is available should also 4.3.5. be given there. 4.3.14. Geographic entities having the 4.5.4. If a series of references is given same name should be filed in strict alphabet- for a single item, the reference leading to ical order (e.g., New York City, -County, the fullest information on that subject should -Port, -State). Gazetteer-type filing (by size be made distinct from the rest through some and location, and political feature before typographical device such as bold-face type. geographic feature) should be used only where gazetteer-type information is given in the index. 4.6.1. The type face in an index should 4.3.15. Where both subject and geograph- be in harmony with that used in the text. Its ical subheadings are used, a single alphabet size may be, and usually is, smaller, but for both is preferred. should not be smaller than 6 point size of a legible face. Variations in the type through the use of bold face, italics, and capitals are The use of inversions should be governed desirable. by the type of material indexed (does the 4.6.2. The number of columns per page depends on the type of material in the index, author always give the full, legal names of especially the length of entry lines and on all companies, associations, and the like?) the page dimensions. and by the character of the prospective read- 4.6.3. Indentations should be designed so ership (will the reader look under Teamsters that headings, subheadings, modifications, en- Union or under International Brotherhood tries and page references can be located of . . . ?). The index should contain a note easily on the page. Progressive left-to-right explaining in detail whether inversions are indentation seems to be most successful with used, what headings are inverted and how page reference run on. For example: the inversions are run. "See" references from Main heading uninverted headings and from alternate in- Subheading versions to the inverted headings should be Entry used extensively. Shakespeare 4.5. References Works About Chute, M, Shakespeare of London 10 4.5.1. References should be as precise as possible, even to the fraction of a page. In listings such as those of first lines of When a reference is made to more than two poetry, the first line of each item should be consecutive pages, the first and last pages set flush left and run-over lines indented, should be given, rather than the first page care being taken that such indented run- only, supplemented by "ff" (p. 3-8 rather overs are not to be confused with indented than 3ff). subheadings. Indentations obviate the need for repeating headings. Where indentations 4.5.2. Indexes to a periodical or to a vari- are not so used, headings should be re- ety of periodicals should indicate the length peated rather than be replaced by dashes if of an article by giving inclusive pages. the size of the index warrants. For chemical 4.5.3. Depending on the type of work in- indexes, dashes may be used to replace names dexed, it may be very useful to show in the (or parts of names) of chemicals. entries in the index whether a given refer- 4.6.4. Single line entries are preferred to ence includes illustrations, maps or graphs, run-in (paragraphed) entries. However, in or whether it guides the reader to a direct complex indexes entries under the lowest- quotation. If abbreviations are used in giving level subdivision may be run together. When such information, a key to abbreviations entries are run together, they should be in should be given at the beginning of the in- alphabetical order, not in the order in which

SPECIAL LIBRARIES the material appears in the text (for exam- reference. A permanent master file of cross ple, in the index to a biography of Shake- references has been found useful for indexes speare, under Shakespeare-Works the plays to abstract journals. A file of inverted cross should be listed in alphabetical order, not in references helps to control the cross refer- the order in which they are discussed in the ence file. text). If the material in the text is arranged chronologically (for example, a chronology 5. Further General Observations of the discussion of the United Nations Dis- 5.1. Since indexes are of great value to all armament Subcommittee), then paragraphed types of research, indexers should be given entries in the index should also be in chrono- proper credit for their contribution. It is sug- logical order. gested that indexers be given credit by name 4.6.5. "Continued" lines should be used in the publication indexed and that book re- whenever an entry breaks from one column viewers be persuaded to comment on absence to another with headings repeated. The ab- of or quality of indexes in their reviews. breviation "cont." is suggested. 5.2. Since objective analysis of the text is the basic requirement for a good index, it is 4.7 Csoss References generally advisable that the index be devised Cross references should be considered as by a qualified person other than the author. substitutes for but equivalent to duplicate The author can be of great help to the in- entries. They should be devised carefully and dexer in the analysis of the text, the selec- used generously. However, when a cross tion of subject headings, etc.; but the author reference leads only to a single entry, a du- should beware of the tendency to impose on plicate entry should be used giving exact the index his own biases or own vocabulary.

INSTITUTE ON INDEXING PERIODICALS A five-day Institute on Indexing Periodi- The preparation of the printed index cals is to be held under the auspices of from the start to the finished product will Columbia University's School of Library be illustrated. There will be an evaluation Service in New York City, May 25-29, of existing indexes by professional users. 1959, immediately preceding the Annual Institute members will visit the larger in- Convention of Special Libraries Association dexing units in the New York area. The in Atlantic City. sessions will be held at the School of Li- The Institute will be essentially practical brary Service, Columbia University, each of in its purpose. It is designed for persons the five days from c):30-ll:30 a.m. and now engaged professionally in indexing or 1 :30-3 :30 p.m. preparing for such positions. It will include an analysis of principles and practices Membership will be limited to 30 per- in indexing general and popular magazines, sons. Application for membership is open business and technical journals, newspapers to working indexers with or without and general indexing services. library school training. A fee of $30 will Mrs. Anne J. Richter of the R. R. Bowker be charged. No academic credit will be Company and chairman of the 2-39 Sub- given. committee on Indexing of the American Standards Association, is to be the Institute Persons wishing to enroll or seeking ad- Chairman. Associated with her, and serv- ditional information should write to the ing as session chairmen, will be experts in Dean of the School of Library Service, 5 15 the indexing of each of the four types of Butler Library, Columbia University, New periodicals. York 27, New York.

DECEMBER 1958 The New York Times lndex JOSEPH C. GEPHART, Editor The New York Times Index, New York City

IBRARIES and the New York Times Index ter material under broad headings and run L have one boundless object in common. cross references from specific headings to It is information. Information is your busi- the general headings, as in a classification. ness and information is our business. And Long years of experience have shown that I think we'll all agree that, contrary to the it is advisable to use both methods in the songwriters, there is no business like the Index, and they should not cause incon- information business. venience or confusion to the user because It is strange, in view of the magnificent he is protected by an extensive network of service librarians have given for centuries, cross references. and given in so many instances to authors, The elements used in presenting a news that quotations singing their prz',lses are story summary in the New YorL Times In- practically non-existent. Well, at the Index dex are : we have two quotations. One is: "Librar- Heading: AGRICULTURE ians are the royalty of Index users." The Cross references: See: Food, Product names other: "A librarian is the Index's best Subhead: Uaited States friend." And we hope the Index is one of Paragraph: PRICES Entry (Summary): Repr Keating hails Benson your best and most helpful friends. policies With the mass of information growing Date, Page, Column: S 11, 29:l in mountainous quantities each day, there is a vital, an imperative necessity for a Historical Background sweeping trend toward indexing more and The New Yolk Times Index is as old as more books and articles if we hope to find the New York Times itself and it is sup- anything at all after it has been published. posed to be the earliest newspaper index Authors and publishers should awaken to in the United States. Both the Times and the fact that practically every book-and its Index were founded at 113 Nassau this includes many novels-leaving their Street in 1851. hands and shops should be equipped with Perhaps it was Henry Jarvis Raymond, an efficient and comprehensive index. the limes' founder, who saw the advan- Surely, the failure of publishers to add in- tages of having an index and ordered one dexes to their important books cannot be to be compiled. Perhaps he believed that charged to penny-pinching in favor of a it was as important for the Times to keep highly valuable and useful service for li- a record of its news and editorial transac- brarians and readers. And surely, it cannot tions as it was to keep a record of its fi- be a matter of space that is stalling the nancial transactions. Supporting this the- creation of indexes. Show any manuscript ory is the fact that the first Index. the 1851 to a good editor and in no time he will cut issue, was recorded in a ledger, a business out enough unnecessary verbiage to make ledgcr, in a fine Spencerian hand. room for an index. As an example, a book The New I'ork 1.ime.r Index is the only so dear to the hearts of all time^ people complete news index published by a news- as Meyer Berger's The St0i.y of The hrew paper in the United States for the public. Yorh Ti9ne.r had 68,000 words cut from it. In England, the London Turzer produces a The hTew York 'I'i7ize.r Index is a combi- quarterly index. nation of an index and a classification. We In one form or another, the New I'orL enter material under specific headings and 1'inte.r Itzdex is available for every year, cross references run from general headings with the exceptions of 1859 and 1862 and to the specific, as in an index; we also en- the period of July 1905 through December

SPECIAL LIBRARIES 1912. A special project was set up some field of publishing and in most other time ago to fill these gaps, and it is hoped fields. Without accuracy, all would be lost that this enormous undertaking will be -unless one happens to be the politician completed within a year or two. who said, "When facts get in my way, The idea for the rebirth of the Index they don't have a chance." after its discontinuance in 1905 came from Another policy is consistency. The In- the genius-mind of the enterprising Adolph dex must keep its facts in the right places, Simon Ochs in 1913 when it appeared as a under the right classifications according to quarterly. Since then the Iudex has been subject matter, from issue to issue and published continuously and it is now in its from year to year, with a few practical ex- forty-sixth consecutive year. ceptions. There should not be any strays In 1930 the Index speeded up its fre- at all and if there are, they must be quency of publication by changing from rounded up and branded correctly. Al- quarterly to monthly, and it also began the though consistency has been called the production of a cumulative annual volume. quality of a stagnant mind, it pays big Then in 1948, with the world moving dividends in any enterprise dealing with faster and faster and making vast and classifications and cross references. How- sweeping changes every day and with the ever, in all types of work it might be well demand for information speeding up and to remember what William Randolph growing accordingly, the Index, as a spe- Hearst once said: "I would rather be right cial service to its users, adopted a policy than consistent." of semimonthly publication and also in- Another major policy is brevity. The troduced a new, much easier to consult, Index does not have space to burn nor does much easier to use format. it have money to burn; it is very definitely In 1951 in the interests of economy and a non-profit organization. We have limits efficiency, the Index made a change in the in space and money beyond which we mechanical phase of production, discard- should not go, just as other publications have. Our platform on being brief is to ing the Linotype-letterpress method in fa- give the highlights of a story and the exact vor of Varitype-offset. spot where the complete story can be Guiding Principles And Practices found in the Times. If good judgment and some restraint are not used in adhering to What are some of the policies and a policy of brevity, the size of the Index principles that play an important part in would soon get out of hand and could be- building the solid character of the Index? come so large that the costs of production At the top of the list would be, of course, would be prohibitive. By being brief and accuracy. It is by far the most important, by treating story entries on a basis of rela- most respected, most essential factor in the tivity, the Index is able to give an abun-

The editorial ofice of the New York Times Index

A'ew York Tzmes DECEMBER 1958 483 dance of extra information that would not and in the depths of oceans, in the science be possible otherwise. In adhering to the laboratory and in the pulpit. It begins concept of brevity, the Izdex tries to keep wherever news is made. in mind a remark by Robert Louis Steven- From a thousand or more sources every son: "It is not a hard thing to know what day a million words of news flow into the to write; the hard thing is to know what Times newsroom, largest in the world, to leave out." where an army of editors eliminate dupli- Another principle is objectivity-we cations, cut excess wordage and kill the un- must not slant an entry; it must follow the important in order to reduce those million story exactly; and we must neither give a words to about 130,000, the average num- long entry to a dog story simply because ber found in a daily edition of the Times. we like dogs nor an inadequate entry for a major crime story simply because we do These 130,000 words become the raw not like crime. product of the Iudex. And it is the little Still another policy deals with selectivity, 17zdex that truly makes the big Times "the which can be explained in general by say- newspaper of record." As the Time.r is the ing that we index all the news that's fit to raw product of the Index, so, in turn, the be indexed. Our definition of news that is Index becomes the by-product of the Times. fit to be indexed would be news that has In this world of rush, catastrophic definite and specific research value, some- changes and new discoveries, a day-by-day thing that has and will retain substance history of mankind on the march, whether over the years. it be a forward or a backward march, must Another policy is on-time production. be recorded in all phases of its activity The Itzdex works on a deadline system just and made available as quickly as possible as the News Department does. All duties and at all times. The Times I~dexperforms must be carried out according to schedule that indispensable function and performs -and this means on time. it thoroughly, completely, on time. This is "Keep the public informed" is another a stupendous job, and more persons are creed of the Index. We cannot shift ma- needed to carry on the editorial operations terial from one heading to another, no of the Index than are on the entire news matter how valid the reason, without ad- staffs of many big newspapers in medium- vising the reader. A classic example of this sized cities and more than there are in the occurred when the state of Israel came into editorial departments of many national being. An entry on that fact was made un- magazines. der Palestine, followed by a note that sub- In one Annual issue of the I~zdex,a book sequent material would be found under only two inches thick, there is in con- the heading Israel. A cross reference was densed form the news of 365 issues of the inserted under the Israel heading to guide 7'irne.r. That is condensation par excellence, readers to Palestine where preceding ma- for if those 365 issues were piled one on terial had been carried. top of another, they would reach approxi- Another instance of keeping the reader mately 16 feet in height. And in that An- informed is when an error is discovered. nual there are more than two and one We relay corrections to readers as quickly quarter million words covering more than as possible by insertions in the addenda 3,500 general subject headings under each and errata section, published in the back of which there is the news of that subject of sernimonthly and Annual issues. for the entire year. And that is not all. The history of na- Size And Scope tions and of oceans and mountains and of The making of each issue of the Index the space age are recorded under 930 geo- does not necessarily begin in New York- graphical headings. There are 4,000 churches it begins in India and Indonesia, in Russia and other organizations, 770 educational and in France, in the upper atmosphere institutions, and more than 5,000 company

SPECIAL LIBRARIES names. On top of all this fabulous amount Controlling, channeling and handling of information are 20,000 names of per- the gigantic volume of information pre- sons who made news during the year. In sented in the Times each day, especially on addition, 13,000 personal names will be Sundays, calls for a system-and the sys- found in the deaths listing and hundreds tem is a simple one. A production assistant more under art, books, music, television, checks each story of the paper and marks theatre, etc. The Index does not specialize on it the identification letter of the in- in one type of news-it specializes in every dexer to whom that subject has been as- tY Pe. signed. Each editorial worker has a letter The Times Iudex is the only service sum- of the alphabet assigned to him, which he marizing and classifying news alphabeti- uses in all his duties. After all stories have cally by subjects, persons and organiza- been marked, the papers are sent to the tions. It is an integral part of hundreds of filing section, which consists of a super- public, college and university libraries, visor and three clerks, where the month, Government departments and agencies, business and professional offices and the day, page and column number (the ele- offices of newspapers throughout the coun- ments of a date reference) are stamped on try. No newspaper has yet found a better each story. The paper is then ripped, col- method, as the Times has with the Index, umn by column, story by story, and the to gain such an important and effective ac- clippings are sorted and distributed to the cess to "minds in the making," the hun- indexers. dreds of thousands of students in our In addition to these duties the filing colleges and universities. The Index is a clerks, nimble of finger and of brain, file publication with an international reputa- approximately 25,000 semimonthly and an- tion and circulation. In addition to having nual cards every two weeks. This is not an subscribers in every state of the Union, it ordinary filing job for it involves filing not has subscribers in 41 foreign countries, in- only alphabetically, according to many di- cluding Russia. visions, but chronologically as well. Four separate departments are vital cogs Indexers must be thorough, fast, ac- in the production of the Index. The copy curate readers; they also must be speedy is written and edited in the Index's edi- typists. They must have an outstanding torial offices; from there it goes to the job knowledge of the subjects they index; they shop where it is typed on Varitype ma- must be experts in the backgrounds of chines; the Varitype galleys are cut up and those stories; they must be masters in the art of condensation, turning mountains of pasted into page forms, and the pages are news into mole hills of succinct fact; they then sent to an outside plant and made into must have excellent memories and be able plates from which the Index is printed by to bring to mind the proper classifications the offset process. The final step is the de- for a story at the snap of a brain cell; they livery of an edition to the Library Services must be experts in the art of selectivity, be- Department for distribution to subscribers. ing able to sift the important from the un- important; they must have the skill to Indexing And Editing Procedures make small words do the job of big words; Twenty-seven persons comprise the edi- and they must have a "nose for indexing." torial department, with men outnumbering An indexer types his entries and cross women 17 to ten. As a group they have references on 3 x 4% inch cards of 20- attended colleges ranging from Columbia, pound stock that come in perforated sheets Harvard and Princeton to Pikesville Jun- of six white cards backed by a sheet of six ior CoIIege in Kentucky. Eight members of blue cards with a carbon in between. The the staff are native New Yorkers; others blue cards (duplicates) on which cross come from the Union of South Africa, references have been made are used to England, China, Germany and Russia. save time and insure accuracy in the edit-

DECEMBER 1958 ing of subjects. The duplicates also are charge of proofreading and also carries a kept as insurance against the possible loss heavy program of editing. of originals until publication of the issue, The assistant editor works closely with for if one section of a letter were lost or all indexers and supervisors and settles damaged and duplicates were not available, many problems of subject classification and all papers of the entire semimonthly pe- the handling of complex stories. He plays riod would have to be re-indexed-a hor- a major role in the editing and proofread- rible thought when costs and the loss of ing of the Annual. He also takes over time are considered. many of the editor's responsibilities when the editor is away from his desk. Here is an example of a typical list of The editor is in charge of the over-all subjects to be found in one indexer's pro- production of the Ifzdex and assumes the gram : academic freedom, area studies, full and final responsibility for the prod- atomic energy, culture, colleges, displaced uct. It is his job to see that the entire op- persons, education, foundations, freedom, eration proceeds smoothly, efficiently and Great Britain, language, minorities, Ne- accurately and that all deadlines are met groes, professions, religious education, re- on time. His role is largely one of adminis- search, scholarships, social sciences, voca- trator. His is a job of planning, of intro- tional training. Each indexer has a similar ducing ideas and of weighing ideas of- program, which is balanced according to fered by others; of selecting staff and of an average volume of news in the subjects keeping the staff working effectively as a in his program and according to the com- team; and of keeping subscribers satisfied plexity of that news. Each program in- from a standpoint of editorial content and cludes many related subjects. on-time production. He determines final Each day an indexer will receive 15 to policy and handles all personnel matters. 20 stories. He works on a strict deadline He realizes that the main ingredient for schedule, as does the entire office. In addi- success as an editor is to surround himself tion he does preliminary editing of all his with competent persons and to see that the indexing subjects and checks cross refer- work is done properly. And, of course, the ences. He also edits a miscellaneous section editor would be "lost" without the serv- of a letter, such as Ch. to Cn. These miscel- ices of an exceptional secretary of out- laneous editing assignments are made to standing ability. give the indexer a certain diversity in his One of the most serious problems of the tasks and also to prepare him for possible Ilzdex is that of obtaining replacements promotion to a supervisory position. In- when staff vacancies occur. If the News De- dexing is by no means a dead-end job. partment needs a new reporter, it usually There are five supervisors of indexing, has little difficulty locating one of proven and they are responsible for the work of worth who can jump in and turn in a good the indexers assigned to their desks. Their performance from the start. But if the In- main job is the editing of copy for the dex needs a replacement, it has no source semimonthlies and for the Annual. They of trained news indexers to call upon. A also read proof and pick up the work of new employee, even though he has had li- indexers who are on vacation or ill. brary and indexing experience of one kind Two production assistants perform a va- or another, requires a training period of riety of tasks, especially in times of emer- between six months and a year before he gency. The one who marks the paper also is properly prepared for the job. Replace- is in over-all charge of indexing, and it is ments are a costly item at the Index. his responsibility to see that all indexers At the end of each indexing period, the complete their assignments on time and to editing of copy begins. Four days are re- give advice on matters of indexing policy. quired by production assistants, supervi- He also directs the training of new index- sors and indexers to edit the copy for each ers. The other production assistant is in semimonthly issue. As an extra precaution SPECIAL LIBRARIES in the battle for accuracy, the editor and must produce it and the semimonthlies of assistant editor make a special recheck of that period at the same time-and on all copy after it has been edited by the time. persons regularly assigned to it. Common Errors In Using The Index Just as we assign special subjects to indexers, we assign special subjects and sec- Sometimes a person looks for something in the without success. Here are tions of letters to those whose task is edit- Iudex some of the reasons: ing. In this way they become specialists in 1. He hasn't bothered to take a few min- their subjects and are more likely to spot utes to read the special section, "How To errors than if they were unfamiliar with Use The Index." He is bound to find it them. For example, the indexers and edi- helpful, and perhaps it will solve his tor on the subject of mortgages probably problem. know as much about the subject as experts in 2. He is looking for a story about the ap- the Real Estate News Department. ointment of K. T. Keller as head of the We use many checking, double-checking guided missile program. He knows abso- and even triple-checking processes in an lutely that Keller was named in 1952- effort to keep the Izdex as free from error but it turns out it was in 1950. Only two as possible. And there is opportunity years off! This is nothing in comparison aplenty for error, especially when you con- to some persons who are as much as ten or sider the thousands and thousands of facts 15 years off in the time of an event. that are recorded, the thousands and thou- 3. He is ready to bet a million that a cer- sands of proper names, many with difficult tain story about Governor Meyner ap- foreign spellings, and the thousands and peared in the Times. But it didn't; it was in thousands of numbers that must be typed the Tribune. After a few days or weeks, in the making of date references. All this some people think that everything they typing must be done twice, too-once by have read, whether it's James T. Farrell's the staff member making the original cards Baseball Diary or Corey Ford's article on and once by a varitypist typing the same humor, appeared in the Times. matter in a different physical form (on 4. Then there's the cha~who wants infor- galleys) from which the plates for print- mation about a scientist but he hasn't the ing are made. faintest idea of the man's name and he ex- The production of the Annual issue pects a librarian to pull it out of a hat takes on, in some respects, a different for- simply on the basis that the man is a scien- mula. It is largely a job of combining the tist. And there is the case of the inquirer cross references and entries, under their who knows only the first name of a pkrson respective subjects, that were made for the and thinks it is his family name. Not long 24 semimonthlies. This requires considera- ago, someone wanted material on "Senator ble time and great care; editors must be Strom." What he really meant was Senator alert to inconsistencies that are bound to Strom Thurmond. occur during the year. They must be con- 5. There's the person who incorrectly stantly on the lookout for errors, for the copies down the date in a cross reference or Annual is the final record for the ages and entry. He will write page 61 when the refer- it should be perfect. The Annual also pre- ence says page 16 and then curse the Index sents a formidable assignment in proof- for what he think is an inaccuracy. reading of galleys and pages. 6. The impatient or lazy soul is another On a small scale, some phases of Annual example. He looks up an entry in the Zn- work go on in one form or another most dex, copies the date reference correctly of the year but it strikes in full force in and goes to the paper but can't find the in- January and continues for three or four formation he wants. Why? He expects the months. Careful planning must be carried part of the story he wants to flash before out during Annual production, for we him in neon lights ; he can't be bothered to DECEMBER 1958 read through to the fourth paragraph The cross reference that should be quali- where he will find the material he seeks. fied and is not can have some interesting 7. Once in a while a person will be unable connotations. For example, District Attor- to find a story because he consults the city ney Frank S. Hogan is crossed to "Sex edition of the paper instead of the final Crimes." Mr. Hogan has no connection late city edition which is the one we index. with a crime of that type except as prose- 8. There are strange cases too. A few cuting attorney against someone who did years ago the magazine section ran a po- commit the crime. The way to protect Mr. litical article on India with the headline, Hogan from having someone misunder- "Volcanic Forces Rumble in India." A stand the cross reference would be to qual- reader called and complained that he could ify it with the word "prosecutor." not find the story under the heading "Vol- A statement once made by Dr. Julian P. canoes." There also is the case of the Boyd sums up in noble words and brilliant reader who tried to find a story about rail- phrases the purpose of the Index: road rolling stock under "Stocks and "The Nezu Yovk Tin~esIndex is far more Bonds." than an index to the daily news; it is a re- 9. And there are many, many cases of re- flection of the Z'ii?~e~'consistent philosophy searchers who are too impatient to follow and practice of responsible journalism. It through on cross references. is an expression of the well-founded con- viction that reliable information, pains- Cross References takingly gathered from the ends of the Speaking of cross references, may I say earth, responsibly presented to an en- that the invention of the fascinating cross lightened audience, should not be cast reference is as important in the boundless overboard into the vast sea of newsprint field of research and record keeping as the and thus lost to the inquiring scholar, the invention of the wheel is in the world of busy professional man, the reference 11- industry. Both get you where you want to brarian, the student of public affairs and go. Without the wheel, trains, planes and the casual inquirer, but should be codified, cars would be at a standstill; without the analyzed and indexed." cross reference, great masses of informa- May all your explorations in 13-11458'K tion could not be stored and preserved be fruitful ones! and could not be made available to the public because of prohibitive costs. The * Library of Congress number of the New YorR cross reference is truly the economic guide Times Index. to research. Take the New Yo1.k Times Index for example. It probably holds the championship FOR SALE for being the heaviest user of the cross SLA Anniversary Seals reference in the publishing world. The es- Blue and gold seals commemorating timate is that it uses 150,000 in its 24 semi- the Fiftieth Anniversary of Special Li- monthly issues and 200,000 in the Annual braries Association have been widely -a total of 350,000 a year. If these cross distributed to Division and Chapter references were set one to a line, they chairmen, presidents and membership would fill 266 solid pages of the Times. and public relations chairmen. They So you see, we not only believe in cross are now available for purchase by in- references, we believe in using them. dividual libraries and librarians and The terminology used for Index cross may be ordered in quantity from SLA references is of many varieties. It includes Headquarters at the following prices: form or straight, see, see also, implied, re- 100 seals ...... ,604 ciprocal, dated, undated, qualified and eg 1000 seals ...... $6. (exernpli gj.atia).

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Military Librarians' Workshop

HE Second Annual Military Librarians' One outstanding achievement of the TWorkshop was held at Fort Sill, Okla- Workshop was the appointment of a com- homa, October 2, 3, and 4. Eighty-seven mittee on the expansion of the Military Pe- librarians representing 41 installations of riodical Iadex. The /Military Periodical Index. the Army, Navy and Air Force in the which is published by the Air University, United States and Canada were present. indexes about 70 of the better known mili- Three days of Workshop sessions were tary periodicals. At last year's Workshop, devoted to roundtable discussions of those plans were made for an expansion of this problems that are peculiar to military li- index through the cooperative efforts of braries. One afternoon session was devoted several other military libraries. Because of to cataloging problems, with particular in- the success of this venture, a further ex- terest in "Corporate Authors" and "Serial pansion will be carried out during the Publications." coming year. A permanent committee to Ernest DeWald, from the Army Map work on this was formed and will report Service in Washington, led a discussion on progress from time to time. on "Utilization of Subprofessional Person- The entire group of conferees were the nel." This discussion resulted in a resolu- guests of Major General and Mrs. Thomas tion to be forwarded to the United States E. de Shazo, Commandant, U. S. Army Civil Service Commission urging that it Artillery and Missile School, at a reception reconsider its stand on the revision of on the evening of Thursday, October 2, at standards for subprofessional personnel. the Fort Sill Officers Club. The conferees Lt. Col. George V. Fagan, librarian of accepted an invitation to hold the next the Air Academy, led a discussion on Workshop meeting at the Naval Postgrad- "Size and Services of a School Library as uate School, Monterey, California. Profes- Related to the Student Body Served." sor George R. Luckett, librarian, will be Dr. Philip G. Seitner, of the Office of the host for that meeting. Scientific Information, National Science The conferees also witnessed a demon- Foundation, spoke on "Inventory of Federal stration of the five major missiles now in Scientific Information Activities." use by the United States Army and visited Other subjects discussed were "Micro- the Fort Sill Indian School. film and Microcards," "Translation Prob- 0.WILLARD HOLLOWAY, Librarian lems," "Subject Headings," "Circulation U.S. Army Artillery and Missile School Methods" and "Inventory Methods." Ft. Sill, Oklahoma

Major Robert C. Lutz (right) explains an Hon- est John rocket to military librarians attending the Workshop at Fort Sill (left to right): 0. Willard Holloway, director of the U.S. Army A&MS Library, Fort Sill; Charles H. Stew- art, Librarian at the De- partment of National Defense, Ottawa; and J. Bernard Vinet, chief librarian, College Militaire Royale, Quebec. U. 8. Army Photograph DECEMBER 1958 489 Fall Meeting Of The Metals Division

The ninth annual fall meeting of the Met- study propulsion problems, from the chem- als Division of SLA was held in Cleveland istry of propellants to the operation of en- this year in conjunction with the National gines under conditions simulating flight Metals Congress and Exposition, which was within and outside the earth's atmosphere. in session the week of October 27-31, 1958. After a movie entitled "Beating the Heat," Over 50 SLA members participated in the three NASA specialists were introduced in two-day program, and open meetings were turn by George Mandel, librarian of Lewis well-attended by other Congress visitors. Research Center and President of the Cleve- On Wednesday evening before the two- land Chapter of SLA. Some phases of NASA day conference, Alice Paulin, immediate research -on materials for Beronautics and Past-Chairman of Metals Division, enter- space were discussed. John C. Freche spoke tained members at her home in Cleveland. on "Materials for Propulsion and for Space This was a particularly happy affair as Mrs. Vehicles," George C. Deutsch on "Mate- Margaret H. Fuller, another Past-Chairman rials for Nuclear Reactors" and Dr. Robert of the Division and now President of SLA. A. Lad on "Some Problems in Solid State joined the party. An international atmos- Physics and High Temperature Chemistry." phere was evident as visitors from Sweden Following luncheon on the reservation, a attending the Metals Congress were guests tour of the facilities took up the balance of as were SLA members from Canada and the the afternoon. Included were the Lewis Li- United States. brary, the Rockets Operations Laboratory, Thursday, October 30, the group boarded the Materials and Structures Building and a bus and was taken to NASA Lewis Re- the 10 x 10-foot supersonic wind tunnel, so- search Center. The National Aeronautics and called because of the size of its test section. Space Administration was launched on Sep- Members of NASA staff conducted the tour tember 30, 1958, with the former National and answered the multitude of questions Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and its posed by the group. 43-year tradition of scientific accomplish- Thursday evening the Cleveland Chapter ments as a core. The Lewis Research Center, of SLA invited Metals Division members formerly the NACA Lewis Flight Propulsion to meet with them at a joint dinner held at Laboratory, was established on a 200-acre the new Cleveland Engineering and Scien- site near the Cleveland Airport in 1941 and tific Center. George Mandel, Chapter Presi- has recently acquired an adjacent tract of 100 dent, introduced the special guest of the acres to provide space for future expansion. evening, Mrs. Margaret H. Fuller. Mrs. NASA directs all United States aeronautical Fuller talked about-the past, present and and space activities, except those primarily future of SLA, highlighting the organiza- military in nature. These activities include tion's 50th anniversary this year. The speaker research into, and solution of, problems of for the affair was then introduced by Mr. flight within and outside the earth's atmos- Mandel-George F. Sullivan, editor of Iro~ phere ; development and operation of aircraft Ape.0 His talk centered around his recent and spacecraft for research purposes; and the three-month tour through Russia with a conduct of other activities needed for space group of Americans representing various exploration. steel companies. His observations of the More than $125 million worth of research steel industry there covered such phases as facilities are in use at Lewis. Chemical, nu- steel produci-ion and handling, the union clear and nuclear-electric rockets for missiles situation, the mode of living of employees and spacecraft are studied here, as are turbo- and other interesting areas. Mr. Sullivan jet and ramjet power plants for missiles and showed colored slides of his trip and they aircraft. Unique tools of research are used to were coupled with running comments on the

SPECIAL LIBRARIES The active, well-attended Metals Division Exhibit Booth

Miller-Ertler Studios plants visited, the people whom he met and search as he talked on "Implications of Steel the treatment of these American visitors by Industry Growth." the Russians. The Friday afternoon session began with On Friday, October 31, at an open meet- a luncheon as guests of Republic Steel Cor- ing held at the Public Auditorium, the theme poration, after which a very interesting and of the four-member panel disrussion was informative tour of Republic's new Research "Metals Meet the Competition." Robert Gib- Laboratory was conducted. son, Chairman of Metals Division, introduced During the entire week of the Metals Con- the spcakers at a well-attended, outstanding gress, the Metals Division Booth attracted session. The first participant, I. Grant Clark large numbers of visitors. This year the ex- of Reynolds Metals Company, discussed hibit was completely planned and executed "The Trend to Curtain Walls." The increas- by Robert Gibson and members of the Bat- ing use of aluminum in buildings of all telle Memorial Institute art staff. The effec- kinds and in bridges and the anodizing of tiveness of the booth was evidenced by the aluminum for these DurDoses were discussed. I I early exhaustion of the bibliographies and accompanied by slides and illustrations of other materials prepared for distribution for the high points. "Aluminum Foil for Pack- this particular event. Metals Division mem- aging ~~$ications"was covered by Arvil B. bers manning the booth commented on the McKee, assistant chief, Foil and Packaging greater-than-ever interest in the materials on Division of Alcoa Research Laboratories. display, requests for information and the New Kensington, Pennsylvania. Mr. F. A. work of the organization. Bibliographies pre- Loebarh's talk, entitled "Aluminum-The pared for distribution were: Aluminum (Al- Modern Building Material." was most en- - coa Library), Hafnium Carbide (Linde lightening and aroused considerable discus- Company), High Temperature Scaling (In- sion later. Mr. Loebach is a registered archi- tect and presently manager of-~rchitectural ternational Nickel Company), Ultra High Sales of Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Strength Steels (U.S. Steel Corporation) and Sales, Inc. The final speaker, John D. Briggs, Hydrogen Embrittlement of Steels (Socony is manager of Commercial Research and In- Mobil Oil Company). dustrial Development of Bethlehem Steel MRS.RUTH L. MACDONALD,Librarian Company. He challenged special librarians Erie County Technical Institute in the metals field to aid the cause of re- Buffalo, New York EDITOR'SNOTE: Copies of the four papers presented at the "Metals Meet the Competition" panel are available upon request from SLA Headquarters, 31 East 10 Street, New York 3, New York, as long as the supply lasts. DECEMBER 1958 49 1 New Horizons for SLA Translation Center As of January 1959, the Special Libraries Association and the OfFice of Technical Services of the United States Department of Commerce will begin a new cooperative venture in the collection and distribution of unpublished translations. This new program will bring about some changes for the Center that are expected to provide an increased coverage of the field of translations and better service to users of the Translation Center. The major change is the discontinuance of Translation Monthly with the December 1958 issue. This will be succeeded by Technical Translations, which will be issued by the Ofice of Technical Services. This publication will appear semimonthly and will list material available in translation. Titles will be arranged under broad subiect headings and will be followed by short abstracts. The first issue will appear in January 1959, and subscriptions can be placed through the Office of Technical Services, Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C. The annual subscription will be $12 domestic and $1 6 foreign. The second maior change as a result of this agreement with OTS is the designation of areas of collection. The SLA Translation Center will collect translations from non- governmental agencies (industries, societies, universities, institutes, etc.) both domestic and foreign. OTS will collect translations from governmental agencies, both domestic and foreign. Copies of all non-governmental translations received by the Translation Cen- ter will be forwarded to OTS for indexing and abstracting, and in turn copies of all governmental translations received by OTS will be deposited in the Translation Center. For the year 1958 it is estimated that the Center will receive about 5,500 items. Under the new cooperative setup, it is estimated that the Center and OTS will jointly collect over 10,000 translations. All of these will be on deposit at the SLA Translation Center at The John Crerar Library in Chicago and in the Library of Congress. Identical indexes and files pertaining to translations will be maintained at both centers. Translations listed in Technical Translations will generally be available from either center at the same price. In cases where multiple copies are received by OTS, these will be sold only by OTS until the original copies are gone. Photocopies will then be available at both centers. Technical Translations will also list translations available from commercial firms, translations of available abstract publications and work in progress in translation in government agencies. Richard A. Davis, Chief of the SLA Translation Center, has made the following statement in regard to the new situation: "It is felt that this cooperative agreement between the Center and OTS should enable us to give better and more complete service to those industries, agencies and institutions interested in translations or translation activities. The listing of the available translations will prevent duplication of effort and expense in the making of translations and will prove to be an even larger contribution to our scientific wealth. All organizations engaged in translation activities are urged to cooperate with the Center by depositing copies, and to make use of the Center's fast copying service. It is hoped that those who have questions regarding translations or translation activities will turn to us for aid."

RICHARDA. DAVIShas re- editor of the Fawzer.r IVeeLIy Rez,iew, then a pro- cently been appointed Chief duction chemist and later purchasing agent at the of the SLA Translation Bio-Process Co. With the advent of the Korean Center at The John Crerar conflict, Mr. Davis rejoined the US. Navy Air Library in Chicago. Born in Corps as a Lt. Commander and was awarded the Pasadena, California, Mr. Air Medal. From 1954 to 1957 he attended the Davis served as a Lieuten- University of Chicago Graduate Library School, ant in the US. Naval Air becoming a member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1957 Corps during World War while concurrently working in The John Crerar 11. and then attended the University of California where he graduated in 1948. From there he went Library. Prior to his SLA appointment, Mr. Davis to Joliet, Illinois, where he was for two years was Chief of the Technology Department at Crerar. SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASM Success With Electronic Searches Dana Publicity Award. The Brookley AFB A pilot plant research program, conducted Library won first place in the Air Materiel by the Center for Documentation and Com- Command and third place in the Air Force, collecting $400 in award money. munication at Western Reserve UniversitvI and sponsored by the American Society for Metals, has proved conclusively that metals MELVINVOIGT, assistant librarian at the Uni- engineering technical and scientific literature versity of California, Berkeley, has been can be searched by an electronic "brain." A awarded a Fulbright Research Grant for $7,000 increase in the Center's annual grant study at the University of Copenhagen, will provide for the gradual transition from during the academic year 1958-1959. His the experimental to the operational stage and project is entitled "An Evaluation of Scien- for training a staff for a future ASM Metals tific and Technical Abstracting and Index- Information Center. During 1959 the Center ing Services Based on Their Intrinsic hopes to prepare 75000 encoded abstracts Values." from current metals ~xriodical literature. Coming Events This literature searching project is an expan- "A better-read, better-informed America" sion of the published abstracting service, is the objective of the second NATIONAL ASM Review of Metal Literature. LIBRARYWEEK, scheduled for April 12-18, 1959. The National Book Committee, Inc., Chemical Trademark File a non-profit citizens group, is sponsoring The Cheminform Institute, located in the program in cooperation with ALA and the Coliseum Towers, New York 19, has other library and publishing organizations. announced the formation of a new chemical information service. This service features a file of trademarks, international in Advertising Sources Course scope and including registered, unregis- A comprehensive recap of up-to-date re- tered, common, trivial, foreign, scientific search, advertising and marketing sources and technological names in every type of has been made available by the New York chemical and chemical using industry. The Advertising Group of SLA. The notes are director of this new service is H. Bennett, based on eight lectures given by the group Editor-in-Chief of the Cbemical Formulary. earlier. Topics included were: general sources (leading books and periodicals for Index to AALL's Journal basic information) ; media sources (vital A one-volume Cmmmbtiz~e Index to the information offered by trade publications) ; Law Library ]otlwzal'~ first 50 volumes will picture sources (outstanding pictorial ref- contain a detailed author-subject analysis erence books, indices and others) ; paid covering legal research methods and legal research sources (organizations providing bibliography. It will be published by the data on specific markets) ; U.S. government American Association of Law Libraries sources (description of government refer- and distributed early in 1959 at $16. ences, available statistics for industries, Orders may be placed now with Dorothy etc.) ; association sources (associations of- Salmon, Law Librarian, University of Ken- fering historical and marketing data to tucky, Lexington, Kentucky. non-members). Copies of the notes are available at $2.50 from Mrs. Doris B. Katz, Members In The News National Broadcasting Company, 30 Rocke- MRS. JIMMIEM. MCWHORTER,librarian at feller Plaza, Rm.-RKO 304, New York 20, Brookley Air Force Base, Alabama. won for New York. Please make checks payable to the second consecutive year the John Cotton Mrs. Katz.

DECEMBER 1958 Ranganathan's paper on "Library Classification as a Discipline" relegates that subject to the closing paragraphs and is mainly a restatement of the principles of faceted classifications as embodied New Serials in Colon. As such, it will serve as a good introduction to Colon for those who are unfamiliar THECZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS with it. Fortunately, D. J. Campbell has supplied IN ENGLISHTRANSLATION will be published a glossary. Colon's terminological requirements by the Consultants Bureau, Inc. starting make for difficult reading. with the January 1959 issue, at an annual Dean Shera's paper on "Pattern, Structure and subscription rate of $50 for six issues. The Conceptualization in Classification" is another of his erudite, well organized and well written es- translations, by bilingual physicists, will says. In many ways, this paper is an explanation include all tabular, diagrammatic and of the background and significance of the reex- photographic material integral with the amination of which the other papers are part-re- text and are designed for scientists who are ports. Shera examines the nature of classification not conversant kith Russian. German or itself, its objectification in retrieval tools and the purpose and logic of its varied applications and French, original languages of many articles. misapplications. The paper impressed me as a classic. It ranges from a discussion of the "un- EXECUTIVEBOOK REVIEWselects and gives warranted assumption that classifications of knowl- thumb-nail reviews of 50 or 60 books on edge are . . . applicable to books" to a projection management, personal development, commu- of librarianship as not only a matrix but also a catalyst in the acquisition of knowledge. It is nity, national and international affairs, his- alone worth the price of the book. tory, biography and science. The monthly, Mills and Vickery discuss the value of faceted published at 3209 Columbia Pike, Arlington classification in solution of the problem of multi- 4, Virginia, costs $7.50 for the first subscrip- ple significance, Mills within separate disciplines, tion and $3 for each additional subscription Vickery between disciplines. In both papers one sees how the demands of terminology and spatial to the same address. sequence inevitably throttle philosophies of scientific schemata and deform them to the compromises Book Review imposed by that ancient tool, the book. Coates' PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL paper is an interesting experiment in facet notation STUDY CONFERENCE ON CLASSIFICATION for infinite hospitality; Farradane's a brief plea FOR INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, HELD AT for construction of mechanical systems of selection BEATRICE WEBB HOUSE, DORKING, ENGLAND, 13- on the reliable basis of classification. 17~~MAY, 1957. ASLIB, London; Pergamon, All of these papers, though they are facet-ori- New York, 1957. 154 p. $5.50. ented (the Research Group Report also settles on the need for a faceted classification), are generally This book contains eight papers by men promi- valuable for their demonstration of the direction nent in the field, a memorandum report of the of research in mathematics, linguistics logic, nota- Classification Research Group in London, a classi- tion and abstract classification, to enable librarian- fication scheme for documents on occupational ship to accomplish the goals Dean Shera's paper safety and health and a lengthy but rather dis- sets for it. Doing this, they may oppress some jointed summary of the conference discussions. readers, but N. T. Ball and Grolier wisely show It is an important book, and one that anyone in their summings-up that librarianship and classi- involved in document and information retrieval fication have already come a long way. will find pofitable and enjoyable. It is a surpris- ingly comprehensive statement of the background, ROBERTL. HAYNE,Head moment, methods and preliminary results of the Document Analysis Unit world-wide reexamination of library and docu- Smith, Kline & French Laboratories mentation philosophy and practice. (I should think Philadelphia, Pennsylvania some editors would wish to have arranged the papers in a sequence that would better display SLA Authors this cohesion.) Not a few readers may find pleas- FELLAND,NORDIS. United Nations Publications ure in its format and make-up as well. Although Useful to Geographers. letterpress, like classification itself, especially in The P~ofes~ionalGeogvu- pher, vol. 10, no. 4, July 1958, p. 11-3. the United States, has fallen into disrepute as a tool of communication, it is nevertheless agreeable FOY, BERNARDL. TVA Library Program. Ten~e.r- to read the subject dressed up beyond the now see Librarrrrrr, vol. 10, no. 4, July 1958, p. 94-6. usual unjustified typescript and stapled paper GARRISON.ROBERT M. Adventures in Records bindings. Management. The 0,Pc.z. July 1958.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES HAJOS, ELIZABETHM. The Concept of an En- JARGONOF LIBRARIANSHIP(Aspects of Librarian- gravings Collection in the Year 1565, Quicchel- ship, no. 16). Kent, Ohio: Department of Li- berg, lnscritiones vel Tituli Theatri Amplissimi. brary Science, Kent State University, 1958. Gratis. The Art Bulletin of the College Art Association, (Available from John B. Nicholson, Jr., Depart- June 1958. ment of Library Science, Kent State University, HYSLOP,MARJORIE R. Forecast of an Information Kent, Ohio.) Center. Metal Progress, vol. 74, July 1958, p. 108. KINDER,KATHARINE L. Professional Associations' Role in Public Relations. Library Trends, vol. 7, CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING no. 2, October 1958, p. 312-7. Positions open and wanted--50 rents per line; MCCOMB,RALPH W. Closed Circuit Television in minimum charge f 1 .so. a Library Orientation Program. College and Re- search Libraries, vol. 19, no. 5, September 1958, p. 387. MCMULLEN,DR. HAYNES.In Libraries a Hundred POSITIONS OPEN Years Ago. Wilson Library Bulletin, vol. 33, no. 2, October 1958, p. 130-2. CHEMISTRYLIBRARIAN to assume complete charge of an important and growing branch library in a MCNUTT, MRS. DOROTHYC., co-author. Science university library system. Library degree and sci- Bookmobile. Library Journal, vol. 83, no. 18, Oc- ence background preferred, with or without expe- tober 15, 1958, p. 2799-800. rience. Salary open. Liberal benefit plans. Write ORNSEN,KATE C. Cutting Laboratory Time with Cecil K. Byrd, Indiana University Library, Bloom- Library Research. The Pioneer, vol. 21, no. 4, July- ington, Indiana. August 1958, p. 8-11. SADOW,ARNOLD. Book Copying Machines: A De- FOR A BETTER PLACEto live and greater oppor- scription and Evaluation. Bulletin of the Medical tunities, come to Pomona, California. Two posi- Library Association, vol. 46, no. 3, July 1958, p. tions open, beginning salary $3936-$4716, de- 344-51. pending on qualifications: READER'SASSISTANT: SHARP,HAROLD S. Fiction for Technical Libraries. Graduates, this is a good place to begin and ad- Library Journal, vol. 83, no. 18, October 15, 1958, vance rapidly; if you are more experienced, we p. 2795-6. have room for your special abilities in a growing STRIEBY,IRENE M. Public Relations Activities of library system. ASSISTANTCHILDREN'S LIBRARIAN to take charge of children's work in Branch: This Special Libraries. Library Trends, vol. 7, no. 2, October 1958, p. 290-7. is a golden opportunity to advance your career under a cracker-jack children's supervisor. We ZIMMERMAN,MRS. CARMARUSSELL. Public Rela- have a creative program and welcome new ideas. tions of State and Federal Libraries. Library Trends, Pomona has liberal vacation and fringe benefits. vol. 7, no. 2, October 1958, p. 298-311. Both positions apply to Raymond M. Holt, Po- mona Public Library, 380 N. Main Street, Po- RECENT REFERENCES mona, California. LIBRARIANSHIP AMERICAN BOOKS IN THE NON-WESTERN HEADTECHNICAL LIBRARIAN. Large midwest cor- WORLD:Some Moral Issues (R. R. Bowker Me- poration has opening for a male librarian to super- morial Lectures, no. 18). Datus C. Smith, J7. vise an established technical library. A college de- New York: New York Public Library, 1958. 22 gree in science plus accredited library school degree p. pap. 25c. required. Duties would include answering scientific COLONCLASSIFICATION, vol. 1 : Basic Classifica- and general questions as well as technical searches. tion, 5th ed. S. R. Ranganathan. Madras, India: Salary will be commensurate with experience. For Madras Library Association, 1957. 464 p. About confidential and personal interview, send resume $5. (Available from G. Blunt and Sons, London.) to Box B 2. CONTEMPORARYLIBRARY DESIGN (Frontiers of TECHNICALLIBRARIAN: an expanding library in a Librarianship, no. 1). Wayne S. Yenawine, ed. large electronics company needs an associate li- Syracuse, N. Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1958. brarian to handle readers services, undertake ref- 32 p. pap. $1.50. erence and literature searches, edit abstract bul- Three papers, "Public Library Design" by Fran- letin. Subject background in mathematics, physics cis Keally, "School Library Design" by Margaret and physical chemistry essential. Experience and I. Rufsvold and "College and University Library L.S. degree desirable but not mandatory. Usual Buildings" by Howard Rovelstad, originally pre- industrial fringe benefits. Salary commensurate with sented at the Symposium on Contemporary Li- training and experience. Reply to Elizabeth H. brary Design held at Syracuse University on July Weeks, Librarian, Research Division Library, Ray- 18, 1957. theon Manufacturing Company, Waltham 54, Mass.

DECEMBER 1958 MAGAZINE SUBSCRIPTIONS INFORMATION SPECIALISTS for Expanding Pharmaceutical Com- SPECIAL LIBRARIES pany offers excellent opportunities Faxon's Librarians Guide I for: free on repest I For the very best subscription service at Medical Editor competitive prices-ask about our Till For- B.S. or advanced degree graduate bidden plan. with training in basic medical sci- F. W. FAXON CO., INC. ences and experience in editing, ab- 83-91 Francis Street Boston 15, Mass. stracting and writing, to edit tech- Continuous Library Service Since 1886 nical manuscripts for publication and write material for manuscripts and brochures (knowledge of one for- SENIOR REFERENCE LIBRARIAN I eign language desired). Rcference work in library with business, statistical and economic collection. In Information Scientists charge of library in absence of librarian. B.S. or advanced degree graduate Library school graduate, prefer some ref- with training in Biological or re- erence experience. 35 hour week, excellent company benefits. Please send resume to: lated sciences to screen and abstract unpublished scientific information Employment Office and to develop and utilize coding Personnel Dept., Room 1616 processes in recording, analysis and NEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE CO. correlation of research data. 51 Madison Avenue New York 10, New York Translator-Scanner B.S. with advanced biology, chemistry, medical sciences training and knowledge of several languages to MAGNOLIA PETROLEUM scan current medical and other scientific periodicals and translate scientific information. (A Socony Mobil Company) announces a position Research Records Compilator Permanent position for female college graduate, biological science. RESEARCH LIBRARY Position is that of research data librarian whose primary assignment Library Science degree required. Experi- ence in industrial, public or university Li- will be the indexing, cross indexing brary essential. Background in physical sci- and maintaining library of research ences desirable. data. Primary duties in circulation and readers assistance. Reference work and acquisition Company is located in small, proof technical publications also required. Our new Library facilities sewe 200 scientists gressive community in semi-rural and engineers engaged in petroleum ex- area of Central New York State. We ploration and production research and de- will welcome your writing to us. velopment. Present Library consists of more Please forward rCsumC to: than 10,000 volumes. Send training and experience resume to: Personnel Director HOMERB. HIX Eaton Laboratories Division MAGNOLIAPETROLEUM COMPANY FIELDRESEARCH LABORATORY Norwich Pharmacal Company Box 900, DALLAS21, TEXAS Norwich, New York

SPECIAL LIBRARIES Technical Reports Librarian TECHNICAL FOR BELL TELEPHONE LIBRARIANS LABORATORIES in Whippany, N. J. Chrysler Corporation, Missile Di- Excellent opportunity with flourishing library system of an outstanding research organization. College graduate with li- vision, has outstanding opportu- brary science degree to catnlog and indrx technical documents and assist in the de- nities for a Cataloger and a Ref- velopment of advanced report procrssing syetems. THIS IS A CAREER POSITION OF- erence Librarian in a technical FERING: . . . Liberal salary . . . company-paid heneflt and pension plan, Re11 library being extensively re- System type . . . company-paid graduate study plan . . . generous vacations and holidays. . . the finest in modern working cataloged and expanded. facilities. . . attractive suburban location . . . low-cost group life insurance. Pleare send complete resume to Technical Employment Supervisor Applicants should possess a MLS BELL TELEPHONE or undergraduate degree with LABORATORIES Murray Hill, New Jersey appropriate technical library experience in engineering or physi- - - TECH N ICAL Ll BRARlAN cal science fields. AC SPARK PLUG DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS offers unusual opportunity for Candidates selected will receive experienced man. excellent starting salaries and Trained man is needed to develop technical library which equal opportunities for personal will adequately reflect present and anticipated technical fields of interest for engineering staff advancement. largely engaged in advance research in the fields of electronics and guidance for missiles and space vehicles! Please send resume to: Applicant must be qualified to supervise growing library staff.. . administer policies and procedures. Master's degree in Library Mr. A. B. Fairbanks Science required as well as experience with technical reports pertaining to government Personnel Dept., 220B contract type operations. Write to Mr. Thomas Pierce, Personnel Sec- CHRYSLERCORPORATION tion, AC Spark Plug Division of General Motors . . . 1925 E. Kenilworth Place, Missile Division Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin. P. 0. Box 2628 AC SPARK PLUG Detroit 28, Michigan Division of General Motors

DECEMBER 1958 Just ofl the press-the new 1958 revision of SCIENTIFIC, MEDICAL & TECHNICAL BOOKS PUBLISHED IN THE U.S.A.

Now you can find-in one handy volume-8,000 outstanding scientific and technical in-print books published through 1956, with full bibliographical details and invaluable annotations on content, scope, etc. All of the titles included in this 1,491-page volume (3,500 of them appearing for the first time) have been carefully selected after actual examination by R. R. Hawkins and a panel of experts specializing in all fields of science, technology, and medicine. Send for your on-approval copy today, at $20 net pp., from: R. R. Bowker Co., 62 W. 45th St., N. Y. 36. Replace your outdated first edition Q supplements NOW!

A NEW BIBLIOGRAPHY OF DICTIONARIES Bibliographisches Handbuch Der Sprachwoerterbuecher

AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LANGUAGE DICTIONARIES

By Wolfram Zaunrnueller

XVI, 248 pp., 4to., cloth $1 2.00

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by Here are 100 copies of a 60-page Kathleen B. Stebbins research report 1958 304 p. $6.00 Some comments from librarians:

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