December 2015 Newsletter
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Overlooked No More: Ralph Lazo, Who Voluntarily Lived in an Internment Camp - the New York Times
11/24/2019 Overlooked No More: Ralph Lazo, Who Voluntarily Lived in an Internment Camp - The New York Times Overlooked No More: Ralph Lazo, Who Voluntarily Lived in an Internment Camp About 115,000 Japanese-Americans on the West Coast were incarcerated after Pearl Harbor, and Lazo, who was Mexican-American, joined them in a bold act of solidarity. July 3, 2019 Overlooked is a series of obituaries about remarkable people whose deaths, beginning in 1851, went unreported in The Times. By Veronica Majerol When Ralph Lazo saw his Japanese-American friends being forced from their homes and into internment camps during World War II, he did something unexpected: He went with them. In the spring of 1942, Lazo, a 17-year-old high school student in Los Angeles, boarded a train and headed to the Manzanar Relocation Center, one of 10 internment camps authorized to house Japanese-Americans under President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s executive order in the wake of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor a few months earlier. The camps, tucked in barren regions of the United States, would incarcerate around 115,000 people living in the West from 1942 to 1946 — two-thirds of them United States citizens. Unlike the other inmates, Lazo did not have to be there. A Mexican-American, he was the only known person to pretend to be Japanese so he could be willingly interned. What compelled Lazo to give up his freedom for two and a half years — sleeping in tar-paper-covered barracks, using open latrines and showers and waiting on long lines for meals in mess halls, on grounds surrounded by barbed-wire fencing and watched by guards in towers? He wanted to be with his friends. -
EDUCATOR Resource GUIDE
EDUCATOR resource GUIDE powered by VERSION 1.1 a letter for educators... Dear Allegiance Teachers, Thank you for bringing Allegiance into your classroom, enriching your students’ experience, and sharing the story of this unique time in American history. THIS GUIDE CONSISTS OF PRE- AND POST-SHOW ACTIVITIES AND QUESTIONS TO RAISE ON YOUR WAY TO THE SHOW, AT INTERMISSION, AND ON THE WAY BACK TO SCHOOL. Each activity includes step-by-step instructions with highlighted and italicized questions and infor- mation that you can read directly to your students to support their understanding of the activities. We hope, with the assistance of this Guide, Allegiance will be an impactful and inspiring event for your students. We welcome your feedback: please contact us if you have ideas or would like assis- tance with modifications based on the needs of your students. With gratitude, Matt Freeman, Matthew J. Schneider, Director of Education, Inspire Change Director of Education, Allegiance [email protected] [email protected] INSPIRE CHANGE biography Initially launched with the Broadway musical Memphis in 2009, Inspire Change is an innovative arts program that partners with commercial theater productions to provide schools and communities across the tri-state area with subsidized tickets and high-impact educational experiences. Inspire Change’s programming is developed in tandem with productions, drawing on and contribut- ing to their research and artistry, in order to create the most effective tools to educate communities, foster dialogue, and inspire change. 1 BEFOREshow THE ALLEGIANCE SYNOPSIS ALLEGIANCE FOLLOWS ONE AMERICAN FAMILY’S EXPERIENCE OF WORLD WAR II; THE ACTIONS THEY TAKE AND THE CONSEQUENCES THAT FOLLOW WILL HAUNT THEM FOR DECADES. -
Pilgrimage Powell & Cody 2018 Heart Mountain 2018 Heart ● July26–28,2018
Pilgrimage2018 Heart Mountain Powell & Cody ● July 26–28, 2018 by Estelle Ishigo, Allen Eaton Collection, Japanese American National Museum Allen Eaton Estelle Ishigo, by Heart Mountain Mess Hall Shibai 1 Map of Holiday Inn Cody Guest Rooms Registration Ballroom QTs Gift Shop Sales Artifact Donations Restaurant Silent Auction Moving Walls Children’s Activities Discussion Cocktail Reception Discussion Groups 3 & 11 Discussion Dessert Reception Groups 6 & 8 Groups 2 & 12 Courtyard Bottoms Up Eaton Exhibit Cabins Buffalo Bill Banquet Lounge Discussion D Room Taggart Groups 7 & 14 Discussion Discussion Groups 5 & 9 Discussion Groups 1 & 13 Front Desk Groups 4 & 10 & Office Guest Rooms A B C Snacks & Water Lobby (Meet for buses) Conference Employees Only Guest Rooms Room Main Entrance Parking Comfort Inn each other. andtohelpus better understand help usbetterbefore, understandthosewhocame we lookwell—to toart,as year’s Pilgrimage, Forthis forgotten. thisstory sure wasnever make tousetheirart otherstocreate, could.Shealsoencouraged ever words better thanmere oflifeatHeart therealities Mountain convey would they paintings anddrawings.Sheknew somuchtimetodocumenting lifeinthiscampwithher understanding. It’swhyshedevoted tofostering route thatartwasthemostdirect manyothers,knew like Estelle Ishigo, again. onlyforamoment—free were—if they painted,incarcerees When performed,danced, sang, orcomposed, bands. swing people’s young compositions ofIsseipoets noiseofthe thecontemplative from andjoyful totheboisterous Artwaseverywhere insideHeart nowords. -
White by Association: the Mixed Marriage Policy of Japanese American Internees”
“White by Association: The Mixed Marriage Policy of Japanese American Internees” Ashlynn Deu Pree University of California, Santa Barbara Department of History Abstract The purpose of “White by Association: The Mixed Marriage Policy of Japanese American Internees” is to describe in detail the Mixed Marriage Policy, implemented during World War II regarding the incarceration of Japanese Americans, and the reasons for its implementation. This policy allowed for specific multiracial Japanese Americans and those involved in mixed marriages with White males to exit the camps and return home to the West Coast if they could prove their lifestyles to be culturally Caucasian. This paper argues that the Mixed Marriage Policy was created in order to prevent White males from challenging the constitutionality of the Japanese American incarceration. Introduction “One obvious thought occurs to me—that every Japanese citizen or non-citizen on the Island of Oahu who meets these Japanese ships or has any connection with their officers or men should be secretly but definitely identified and his or her name placed on a special list of those who would be the first to be placed in a concentration camp in the event of trouble.’ – Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, 1936.1 The imprisonment of Japanese Americans in U.S. concentration camps during World War II violated the constitutional rights of the imprisoned American citizens and residents who were denied citizenship. The same right-violators who were responsible for this incarceration, were also the creators of the Mixed Marriage Policy, which allowed multiracial couples and individuals to return to their homes on the West Coast and avoid incarceration. -
The Everyday Heroes of World War II: Ordinary People Who Did Extraordinary Things
The Everyday Heroes of World War II: Ordinary People Who Did Extraordinary Things Dr. Lynn Chun Ink Go For Broke National Education Center 2015 1 I could have done no different. I would not have known how. --Elizabeth Humbargar, on helping Japanese Americans during the war years, The Stockton Record, 1978 2 Introduction The history of the Japanese community in the US during World War II is often retold against the backdrop of the battlefields of Europe and Asia, where Nisei soldiers fought fiercely to prove their loyalty as Americans, or from within the confines of the incarceration centers, where Nikkei families struggled to lead a life of normalcy after being forcibly removed from their West Coast homes. Yet not only are the Nikkei wartime experiences as varied and multifaceted as the thousands of people who endured them, but they also involved many other individuals who were not of Japanese descent, people who, like schoolteacher Elizabeth Humbargar, could do “no different” but join in the struggle. The Japanese community as a whole rallied together in support of one other. But there were also countless individuals outside of this tightly knit community who either on their own or within a group sought fair and just treatment for the Nikkei. They were everyday people—from ministers to teachers to farmers to teenagers—who often endured condemnation from others who viewed those of Japanese descent through eyes clouded by hatred, fear and suspicion. They were ordinary people who took extraordinary measures for people they viewed as their equals and more significantly, as their friends. -
Tule Lake Segregation Center
WWII Valor in the Pacific National Monument National Park Service Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior Tule Lake Unit Tule Lake Segregation Center War and Injustice After Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the lives of 110,000 men, women, and children of Japanese ancestry living on the West Coast drastically changed. Their constitutional rights were violated when they were imprisoned in ten War Relocation Centers* run by the War Relocation Authority. Many were forced to give up their homes, farms, businesses, and personal property, in addition to their freedom. *These camps were officially called “War Relocation Centers.” However, during WWII, the media and many Americans referred to them as the “Jap camps,” which is now considered to be an offensive racist description. President Roosevelt and other government officials on occasion referred to them as “concentration camps.” Most Americans now know of them as “internment” camps, although that is actually an incorrect usage of that legal term. Executive Order 9066 On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt Washington, Oregon, California and Arizona were signed Executive Order 9066 authorizing the Secretary ordered to evacuate their homes and businesses and of War “to prescribe military areas in such places and of report to 17 temporary “Assembly Centers” located such extent as he or the appropriate Military at fairgrounds, racetracks, and other makeshift facilities. Commander may determine, from which any or all At these centers, which essentially served as temporary person may be excluded … The Secretary of War is detention facilities, a family usually lived in a single hereby authorized to provide for residents of any such horse stall for up to 100 days with straw filled bags for area who are excluded there from, such transportation, beds. -
Farewell to Manzanar
Farewell to Manzanar Activity Inquiry Question How does Farewell to Manzanar reflect the experiences of Japanese Americans interned during World War II? Summarize the ways in which Farewell to Manzanar reflects the experiences of Japanese Americans interned during World War II. Clarifying Questions What is Japanese American internment? How did Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston portray Japanese American internment in her book Farewell to Manzanar? Vocabulary internment: the process of confining a group of people, usually prisoners of war or enemy alien residents, in a restricted area. Issei: a Japanese word used to describe the first generation of migrants from Japan to North America, most of whom left Japan between 1868 and 1924. Nisei: second-generation Japanese Americans, many of whom faced much prejudice and racism while living in the western United States in the mid-20th century. Nikkei: a person of Japanese descent living in the United States loyalty oath: in February 1943 the War Relocation Authority issued a loyalty oath, or questionnaire, that was required of all Japanese Americans over 17 years of age, that would help identify those who could be trusted for release to work, attend college, or serve in the military outside the internment camps. Background Information Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, Japanese Americans became targets of fear and discrimination by the U.S. public and government. The U.S. government feared that Japanese Americans would work as spies for the Japanese Empire. These fears came to a head in 1942 when President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which authorized the evacuation and relocation of Japanese Americans without due process. -
Japanese American Resilience in Los Angeles
Theater Arts Faculty Works Theater Arts 2019 From Heart Mountain, Wyoming, to the Heart of Little Tokyo: Japanese American Resilience in Los Angeles Arnab Banerji Loyola Marymount University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/thea_fac Part of the Theatre and Performance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Banerji, Arnab. “From Heart Mountain, Wyoming, to the Heart of Little Tokyo.” Boom California, 8 July 2019, boomcalifornia.org/2019/02/18/from-heart-mountain-wyoming-to-the-heart-of-little-tokyo/. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Theater Arts at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theater Arts Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Articles From Heart Mountain, Wyoming, to the Heart of Little Tokyo Japanese American Resilience in Los Angeles LIKE THIS: Like 2 bloggers like this. Boom California on February 18, 2019 Arnab Banerji Recent Posts 160 Miles East of Los Located in the heart of the city’s Little Tokyo Angeles: On Covering Historic District, a visit to Los Angeles’ Japanese the Eastern Coachella American National Museum (JANM) is a humbling Valley experience. JANM exists by active community Japanese American Resilience in Los Angeles experience. JANM exists by active community collaboration.[1] The museum’s exhibits tell the Black California: A Review of West of Jim story of a group of people who persevered in their Crow hopes of making America their home even as “white” America pushed back on accommodating South Central is and accepting people of Japanese ancestry. -
July 28–29 # Cody & Powell, Wyoming
Pilgrimage2017 Heart Mountain July 28–29 ● Cody & Powell, Wyoming American Self 75 Years After EO 9066 Time Description Schedule of Events: Saturday, July 29 8:30am, 8:45am, Buses leave Holiday Inn, Cody for Heart Mountain Interpretive Center Time Description & 9:00am Friday, July 28 Opening Ceremony (Heart Mountain Interpretive Center) Registration & Silent Auction (Taggart Room, Holiday Inn, Cody) • Flag Ceremony & Pledge of Allegiance with Boy Scouts and 8:30am–2:30pm • Heart Mountain staff will be available to receive artifact and archive donations Yellowstone Harmony Choir • Introduction & Recognition of Distinguished Guests by Educational Sessions (Park County Library, Cody) HMWF Chair Shirley Ann Higuchi and Vice-Chair Douglas Nelson • Bus leaves Holiday Inn at 9:00am 10:00–11:15am • Featured Speakers: U.S. Senator Alan K. Simpson (Ret.) (Library address: 1500 Heart Mountain St, Cody, WY 82414) & Consul General Hiroto Hirakoba Rescued Heritage: Heart Mountain Artifacts and Estelle Ishigo's Works 9:30am–12:00pm • • Keynote Introduction: Secretary Norman Mineta (Ret.) with Nancy Ukai & Bacon Sakatani • Keynote Address: Ann Burroughs • Memories of Five Nisei: The Untold Story of Former Prisoners • Spoken Word Performance by G Yamazawa with Sam Mihara, Takashi Hoshizaki, Toshi Ito, Willie Ito, and Shig Yabu • Closing Remarks ✳ 9:30–11:30am: Optional bus between Holiday Inn & Interpretive Center Explore HMWF Shop and Special Exhibits 12:00–1:30pm Informal Networking at the Library: Boxed lunch for sale at Biblio Bistro • Original artwork -
The President's Wartime Detention Authority
Yale University EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale Harvey M. Applebaum ’59 Award Library Prizes May 2015 The rP esident's Wartime Detention Authority : What History Teaches Us Anirudh Sivaram Yale University Follow this and additional works at: https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/applebaum_award Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Legal Commons, National Security Law Commons, President/Executive Department Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Sivaram, Anirudh, "The rP esident's Wartime Detention Authority : What History Teaches Us" (2015). Harvey M. Applebaum ’59 Award. 8. https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/applebaum_award/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Library Prizes at EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. It has been accepted for inclusion in Harvey M. Applebaum ’59 Award by an authorized administrator of EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PRESIDENT’S WARTIME DETENTION AUTHORITY: WHAT HISTORY TEACHES US Anirudh Sivaram Yale University EP&E 491 – The Senior Essay Advisor: Professor John Fabian Witt Second Reader: Professor Stephen Skowronek Submitted to the Department of Ethics, Politics & Economics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Abstract 2 2. Acknowledgments 3 3. Introduction 4 4. Section I : Youngstown and detention standards 10 4.1. What constitutes detention 10 4.2. Sources and scope of Executive detention power 11 4.3. The Youngstown framework 14 4.4. A note on Executive Practice 15 4.5. -
Timeline of Japanese American History
JAPANESE AMERICAN NATIONAL MUSEUM Timeline of Japanese American History This timeline is designed to provide a general historic framework for understanding the Japanese American experience and the contents of Common Ground: The Heart of Community. It is designed specifically to help you prepare for your visit to the Japanese American National Museum and is not all-inclusive of every event in Japanese American history. More information about the Japanese American experience can be found at janm.org/education/resources/. We look forward to welcoming you to the Japanese American National Museum! 1790 Congress decrees that “any alien, being a free white person” who has resided within the United States for at least two years can become a citizen (i.e. no person of color could become a naturalized citizen) 1848 – 1855 Discovery of new gold brings 300,000 people westward and helps propel California into statehood 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry uses military might to open Japan to Western trade 1861 – 1865 Civil War over the question of slavery divides the United States 1868 Known as the Gannenmono, 153 Japanese—including six women and a child—are the first immigrants to Hawai`i from Japan 1873 Congress decrees that “persons of African nativity or descent” are eligible for citizenship. All Asian immigrants remain ineligible May 1882 Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act, setting the precedent for laws explicitly excluding Asian immigrants and shutting off Chinese immigration for the next sixty years 1908 Gentleman’s Agreement between Japan and the United States effectively ends further immigration of Japanese laborers to the United States Immigration Period Immigration 1913 Alien Land Laws in California and Arizona prohibit “aliens ineligible to citizenship” (i.e. -
To Download a PDF of the Viewing Guide
Farm family on the day of the evacuation in Salinas, California. They are waiting to board the bus for the trip to the Assembly Center at the Fairgrounds, April 1942. Na- tional Archives Return to the Valley Teachers Viewing Guide and California State Standards alignment by Ann Muto and Eric Wong Historical Advisor: Stephen Fugita, PhD, Santa Clara University Consultant: Aggie Idemoto, EdD., Director, Japanese American Museum of San Jose (JAMsj) Additional material and layout: Christina Lim Artwork: KTEH Photo Credits: National Archives, Mike Honda Teacher Viewing Guide copyright 2007 and 2008 KTEH Education Network KTEH is a service of Northern California Public Broadcasting, Inc. Visit the Return to the Valley website at www.returntothevalley.org Return to the Valley is a documentary and educational project that was produced and broadcast by KTEH, the Public Television (PBS) station for the Santa Clara Valley and Central Coast in 2003. It is the story of the Japanese American communities of the Santa Clara Valley (San Jose) and the Central Coast region after World War II. Please visit the website at www.returntothevalley.org and download the color version of the teacher guide. Funding Credits: www.returntothevalley.org website was originally funded in 2003 by grants from the California Civil Liberties Program (CCLPEP) administered by the California State Library, Hewlett Packard Company, and Lockheed Martin, and The Henri and Tomoye Takahashi Charitable Foundation. The 2008 website update and hosting, teacher workshops and educational materials including the hardcopy of this guide are generously funded by grants from the California Civil Liberties Public Education Program (CCL- PEP) and the George Masunaga Family Fund.