The Pinch Effect Revisited
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Iter: Os Caminhos Da Energia De Fusão E O Brasil (2015)
ITER Os caminhos da energia de fusão e o Brasil MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES Ministro de Estado Embaixador Mauro Luiz Iecker Vieira Secretário -Geral Embaixador Sérgio França Danese FUNDAÇÃO ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO Presidente Embaixador Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Instituto de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais Diretor Embaixador José Humberto de Brito Cruz Centro de História e Documentação Diplomática Diretor Embaixador Maurício E. Cortes Costa Conselho Editorial da Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Presidente Embaixador Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Membros Embaixador Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg Embaixador Jorio Dauster Magalhães e Silva Embaixador Gonçalo de Barros Carvalho e Mello Mourão Embaixador José Humberto de Brito Cruz Embaixador Julio Glinternick Bitelli Ministro Luís Felipe Silvério Fortuna Professor Francisco Fernando Monteoliva Doratioto Professor José Flávio Sombra Saraiva Professor Eiiti Sato A Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão, instituída em 1971, é uma fundação pública vinculada ao Ministério das Relações Exteriores e tem a finalidade de levar à sociedade civil informações sobre a realidade internacional e sobre aspectos da pauta diplomática brasileira. Sua missão é promover a sensibilização da opinião pública nacional para os temas de relações internacionais e para a política externa brasileira. Augusto Pestana ITER Os caminhos da energia de fusão e o Brasil Brasília, 2015 Direitos de publicação reservados à Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Ministério das Relações Exteriores Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco H Anexo II, Térreo 70170 ‑900 Brasília–DF Telefones:(61) 2030 ‑6033/6034 Fax:(61) 2030 ‑9125 Site: www.funag.gov.br E ‑mail: [email protected] Equipe Técnica: Eliane Miranda Paiva Fernanda Antunes Siqueira Gabriela Del Rio de Rezende Luiz Antônio Gusmão André Luiz Ventura Ferreira Projeto Gráfico e Capa: Yanderson Rodrigues Programação Visual e Diagramação: Gráfica e Editora Ideal Impresso no Brasil 2015 P476 Pestana, Augusto. -
LANL Fusion Capabilities
LANL Fusion Capabilities INFUSE workshop Jan 22-23, 2019 1 Managed by Triad National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA Los Alamos has a long history of fusion research James Tuck, Ivy Mike, 1952 Perhapsatron, 1953 • Today magnetic and inertial fusion work resides in the Physics Division, Theory Division, and X Division (Weapons). There are also related capabilities in detectors, radiation damage, and tritium handling. • Dr. John Kline ( [email protected] ) is the present Fusion Energy Sciences (and Inertial Fusion) program manager, and a point-of-contact. 2 Managed by Triad National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA 3 Managed by Triad National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA FRC’s were developed in Russia and Los Alamos FRC’s are high beta plasmas, with many interesting features 4 Managed by Triad National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA Today FRC plasmas are still being explored 5 Managed by Triad National Security, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy’s NNSA Magnetized Plasma Team in P-24 Plasma Physics We do experimental plasma work for FES, APRA-E, and NNSA sponsors, with national and international partners, including small businesses. We use our knowledge of plasma diagnostics, pulsed power expertise, and HED plasmas in the areas of fusion energy, weapons support, and basic plasma science. Team Leader: Glen Wurden ([email protected]) Staff: Hsu, Weber, Langendorf, Dunn, Shimada Postdocs: Tom Byvank, Kevin Yates, John Boguski Student: Chris Roper (Summer) 6 Managed by Triad National Security, LLC for the U.S. -
SCIENCE and INNOVATION at Los Alamos
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION at Los Alamos Los Alamos Science Number 21 1993 1993 Number 21 Los Alamos Science 1 . Fred Reines (left) helps lower Wright Langham into a detector similar to the one used by Reines to detect neutrinos for the first time. The active medium of the detector was a liquid scintillator developed by F. Newton Hayes for assays of large biological sam- ples. The availability of liquid scintillators led to the whole-body counter, a device for monitoring the amount of certain radionu- clides in the bodies of workers exposed to radioactive materials. Wright Langham was one of the world’s experts on the metabo- lism of plutonium. Lattice-gas hydrodynamics, a discrete model for fluid flow, was invented by Brosl Hasslacher at Los Alamos with U. Frisch and Y. Pomeau. This novel formulation provides a fast, efficient, reliable method for simulating the Navier-Stokes equations and two-phase flow. A modification by Ken Eggert and coworkers is now being applied to model flow through porous media, a problem of great interest to oil companies. Norman Doggett and Judy Tesmer examine a gel at the Laboratory’s Center for Human Genome Studies. The Human Genome Project, a joint DOE-NIH effort, was largely conceived at a DOE meeting in Santa Fe in 1986. Researchers at the Los Alamos Center developed a widely used technique for fingerprinting DNA, discovered the human telomere (the se- quence at the ends of every human chromosome), are developing physical maps of several human chromosomes, and are preparing chromosome-specific libraries of clones, which are extremely useful in physical-mapping projects. -
Operational Characteristics of the Stabilized Toroidal Pinch Machine, Perhapsatron S-4
P/2488 USA Operational Characteristics of the Stabilized Toroidal Pinch Machine, Perhapsatron S-4 By J. P. Conner, D. C. H age r m an, J. L. Honsaker, H. J. Karr, J. P. Mize, J. E. Osher, J. A. Phillips and E. J. Stovall Jr. Several investigators1"6 have reported initial success largely inductance-limited and not resistance-limited in stabilizing a pinched discharge through the utiliza- as observed in PS-3. After gas breakdown about 80% tion of an axial Bz magnetic field and conducting of the condenser voltage appears around the secondary, walls, and theoretical work,7"11 with simplifying in agreement with the ratio of source and load induct- assumptions, predicts stabilization under these con- ances. The rate of increase of gas current is at first ditions. At Los Alamos this approach has been large, ~1.3xlOn amp/sec, until the gas current examined in linear (Columbus) and toroidal (Per- contracts to cause an increase in inductance, at which hapsatron) geometries. time the gas current is a good approximation to a sine Perhapsatron S-3 (PS-3), described elsewhere,4 was curve. The gas current maximum is found to rise found to be resistance-limited in that the discharge linearly with primary voltage (Fig. 3), deviating as current did not increase significantly for primary expected at the higher voltages because of saturation vçltages over 12 kv (120 volts/cm). The minor inside of the iron core. diameter of this machine was small, 5.3 cm, and the At the discharge current maximum, the secondary onset of impurity light from wall material in the voltage is not zero, and if one assumes that there is discharge occurred early in the gas current cycle. -
LASERLAB-EUROPE the Integrated Initiative of European Laser Research Infrastructures III
LASERLAB-EUROPE The Integrated Initiative of European Laser Research Infrastructures III Grant Agreement number: 284464 Work package 3 – Publicity and Dissemination Deliverable D3.2 Laserlab Newsletter issue 2 Lead Beneficiary: 14 FVB-MBI Due date: Month 24 Date of delivery: Month 21 Project webpage: www.laserlab-europe.eu Deliverable Nature R = Report, P = Prototype, D = Demonstrator, O = Other O Dissemination Level PU = Public PU PP = Restricted to other programme participants (incl. the Commission Services) RE = Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (incl. the Commission Services) CO = Confidential, only for members of the consortium (incl. the Commission Services) Deliverable D3.2 LASERLAB-EUROPE (284464) Laserlab-Europe Newsletter The present document combines the second and third issue of the Laserlab Newsletter that were published since the start of the project. Instead of publishing only one issue per year electronically and in print as foreseen according to the grant agreement, Laserlab-Europe publishes the newsletter on a biannual basis. This highly appreciated newsletter has been started in FP6 with consecutive numbering, so that the issue numbers in this document are nos. 15 and 16. Issue 15 of the Laserlab-Europe newsletter: June 2013 (M13); Focus: Access success stories from different scientific fields, giving examples for potential users Issue 16 of the Laserlab-Europe newsletter: December 2013 (M19); Focus: Laserlab-Europe and industry relations All issues of the newsletter “Laserlab Forum” may be found at: -
With a Future
FLASHBACK_Plasma Physics Perhapsatron with a Future Nuclear fusion could safeguard the energy supply of the future. The shining example is our Sun, which obtains its energy from the fusion of light atomic nuclei. Fundamental findings for the development of this new energy source originate from the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) in Garching, which celebrates its 50th anniversary this year. TEXT ELKE MAIER Everything started with the mythical figure of Prometheus: Zeus, The enthusiasm was father of the gods, had taken fire away from mankind. In order to great at first – espe- return it to them, Prometheus held the stalk of a plant into the cially since the supply sky and ignited it with the sparks flying off of the carriage of the of the components sun god, Helios. The thought of capturing solar fire has fascinat- for the fuel was al- ed mankind ever since. Researchers worldwide, including the staff most limitless. Deu- of the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) in Garching terium is present in and Greifswald, are now working on igniting the solar fire on the oceans, and tri- Earth itself, and making it available for energy generation. The tium can be produced challenges of this undertaking are much greater than the pioneers from lithium, which of fusion research anticipated a few decades ago. is found in rocks. In In the late 1940s, scientists began investigating how energy 1955, experts thought could be obtained from nuclear fusion. Back in 1929, physicists that mankind’s ener- Fritz G. Houtermans and Robert d’ Escourt Atkinson suggested gy problems would that solar fire originated from the fusion of light atomic nuclei. -
Controlled Thermonuclear Research in the United Kingdom
P/78 UK Controlled Thermonuclear Research in the United Kingdom By P. C. Thonemann* HISTORICAL magnetic fields was started by Sir George Thomson in London in 1947 and by myself in Oxford in 1948. The possibility of utilising the energy released in These independent programmes attracted Government nuclear reactions between the light elements was support in 1948 and continued in the two Universities probably first discussed at the Cavendish Laboratory, until 1951. Cambridge, in 1932. It was at this time that Lord Rutherford and his colleagues demonstrated that Several possible magnetic field configurations were artificial nuclear reactions could be produced in the studied in relation to toroidal tubes but confinement laboratory and that energy was released in each by the self-magnetic field of a current flowing in a gas appeared the most promising. Some of the results nuclear event. These reactions were produced by 2 4 accelerating positive ions or nuclei to high velocities, of this early work were published in 1951. " Figures using potential differences of hundreds of kilovolts, 1 and 2 show the type of apparatus employed at that and firing them at a target containing the other ele- time. In 1951 the London group moved to the ments. At low bombarding energies these reactions Research Laboratory of Associated Electrical Indus- were found to be most probable with the light ele- tries, Aldermaston, and the Oxford group to Harwell. ments. A small team at the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment began in 1956 to pay special attention No direct application of their discoveries for power to the interesting features of the dynamic pinch. -
What Is Pulsed Power
SAND2007-2984P PULSED POWER AT SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES LABORATORIES NATIONAL SANDIA PULSED POWER AT WHAT IS PULSED POWER . the first forty years In the early days, this technology was often called ‘pulse power’ instead of pulsed power. In a pulsed power machine, low-power electrical energy from a wall plug is stored in a bank of capacitors and leaves them as a compressed pulse of power. The duration of the pulse is increasingly shortened until it is only billionths of a second long. With each shortening of the pulse, the power increases. The final result is a very short pulse with enormous power, whose energy can be released in several ways. The original intent of this technology was to use the pulse to simulate the bursts of radiation from exploding nuclear weapons. Anne Van Arsdall Anne Van Pulsed Power Timeline (over) Anne Van Arsdall SAND2007-????? ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Jeff Quintenz initiated this history project while serving as director of the Pulsed Power Sciences Center. Keith Matzen, who took over the Center in 2005, continued funding and support for the project. The author is grateful to the following people for their assistance with this history: Staff in the Sandia History Project and Records Management Department, in particular Myra O’Canna, Rebecca Ullrich, and Laura Martinez. Also Ramona Abeyta, Shirley Aleman, Anna Nusbaum, Michael Ann Sullivan, and Peggy Warner. For her careful review of technical content and helpful suggestions: Mary Ann Sweeney. For their insightful reviews and comments: Everet Beckner, Don Cook, Mike Cuneo, Tom Martin, Al Narath, Ken Prestwich, Jeff Quintenz, Marshall Sluyter, Ian Smith, Pace VanDevender, and Gerry Yonas. -
R:\TEMP\Bobbi\RDD-8 3-16-04 Reprint.Wpd
OFFICIAL USE ONLY RESTRICTED DATA DECLASSIFICATION DECISIONS 1946 TO THE PRESENT (RDD-8) January 1, 2002 U.S. Department of Energy Office of Health, Safety and Security Office of Classification Contains information which may be exempt from public release under the Freedom of Information Act (5 U.S.C. 552), exemption number(s) 2. Approval by the Department of Energy prior to public release is required. Reviewed by: Richard J. Lyons Date: 3/20/2002 NOTICE This document provides historical perspective on the sequence of declassification actions performed by the Department of Energy and its predecessor agencies. It is meant to convey the amount and types of information declassified over the years. Although the language of the original declassification authorities is cited verbatim as much as possible to preserve the historical intent of the declassification, THIS DOCUMENT IS NOT TO BE USED AS THE BASIS FOR DECLASSIFYING DOCUMENTS AND MATERIALS without specific authorization from the Director, Information Classification and Control Policy. Classification guides designed for that specific purpose must be used. OFFICIAL USE ONLY OFFICIAL USE ONLY This page intentionally left blank OFFICIAL USE ONLY OFFICIAL USE ONLY FOREWORD This document supersedes Restricted Data Declassification Decisions - 1946 To The Present (RDD-7), January 1, 2001. This is the eighth edition of a document first published in June 1994. This latest edition includes editorial corrections to RDD-7, all declassification actions that have been made since the January 1, 2001, publication date of RDD-7 and any additional declassification actions which were subsequently discovered or confirmed. Note that the terms “declassification” or “declassification action,” as used in this document, refer to changes in classification policy which result in a specific fact or concept that was classified in the past being now unclassified. -
Spitzer S 100Th: Founding PPPL & Pioneering Work in Fusion Energy
(1) Spitzer’s 100th: Founding PPPL & Pioneering Work in Fusion Energy Greg Hammett (2) Some Stories From Working with Spitzer In the Early Years Russell Kulsrud Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Colloquium Dec. 4, 2013 These are shorter versions of talks we gave at the 100th Birthday Celebration for Lyman Spitzer, October 19-20, 2013, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, http://www.princeton.edu/astro/news-events/public-events/spitzer-100/ https://www.princeton.edu/research/news/features/a/?id=11377 Video of a longer talk by Kulsrud, “My Early Years Spent Working with Lyman Spitzer“: https://mediacentral.princeton.edu/id/1_1kil7s0p Thanks for slides: Dale Meade, Rob Goldston, Eleanor Starkman and PPPL photo archives, ... PPPL Historical Photos: https://www.dropbox.com/sh/tjv8lbx2844fxoa/FtubOdFWU2 June 19, 2014: added historical info. Jul 9, 2015: pointer to updated figure Lyman Spitzer Jr.’s 100th: Founding PPPL & Pioneering Work in Fusion Energy Outline: • Pictorial tour: from Spitzer’s early days, the Model-C stellarator (1960’s), to TFTR’s 10 megawatts of fusion & the Hubble Space Telescope (Dec. 9-10, 1993) • Russell Kulsrud: A few personal reflections on early days working with Lyman Spitzer. • The road ahead for fusion: – Interesting ideas being pursued in fusion, to improve confinement & reduce the cost of power plants I never officially met Prof. Spitzer, though I saw him at a few seminars. Heard many stories from Tom Stix, Russell Kulsrud, & others, learned from the insights in his book and his ideas in other books. 2 2 Lyman Spitzer, Jr. 1914-1997 Photo by Orren Jack Turner, from Biographical Memoirs V. -
DNA1.94Og27.Ool G
DNA1.94Og27.Ool g No. Pub. Year Citations File Name File Size (bytes) 5 1967-1968 857 RADBIB05.TXT 791,604 The search criteria was for radiation or radiological for publication year greater than 1966 and less than 1969. The document database four character field names and a descriptor for each. field are as follows: ABS Abstract ACCD Accession Date ADNO DTIC Number ---*->*h I AUTH Author (s) CCDE Computer Code ( s ) CLSS Classification CONN Contract Number CORP Corporation DATE Report Date DESC Descriptor (s) EFFT Damage Mechanism EMPF Electro Magnetic Pulse File number(s) HESO High Explosive Shot(s) INUM Item Number LA Country or Language PROJ Project Number REPN Report Number SHOT Nuclear Test (s) SUCE Device Designation SUJO DASIAC Subject number(s) SYMJ Published in SYST System Affected TEMP Document Control number(s) TITL Report Title TNFF Tactical Nuclear Warfare TREE Transient Radiation Effects on Electronics number(s) TSHO Shot. Type Statement A Approved for public release;* Distribution unlirnited.ZMi-d=- .folddata Report Log for Bibliography Report 'bibliography' scheduled as 'radbib' Bibliography using full text searching with selection qualification. STILAS text selection v6.2 started on Monday, June 13, 1994, 10:45 AM Search will use the KUNI database Search strings will be read from standard input The catalog key will be written to standard output 19940613104505 BRS/Search-Engine v.5 started for seltextl 11379 records found for #1: RADIATION OR RADIOLOGICAL 1 searches considered 1 searches selected. STILAS text selection finished on Monday, June 13, 1994, 10:49 AM STILAS catalog selection v6.2 started on Monday, June 13, 1994, 10:45 Ah4 Catalog key will be read from standard input The catalog key will be written to standard output The author key will be written to standard output The title key will be written to standard output Catalog will be selected if year-ofjub is more than 1968 and less than 1971 11379 catalog record(s) considered 893 catalog record(s) selected. -
Signature Redacted %
EXAMINATION OF THE UNITED STATES DOMESTIC FUSION PROGRAM ARCHW.$ By MASS ACHUSETTS INSTITUTE Lauren A. Merriman I OF IECHNOLOLGY MAY U6 2015 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING I LIBR ARIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FEBRUARY 2015 Lauren A. Merriman. All Rights Reserved. - The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly Paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author:_ Signature redacted %. Lauren A. Merriman Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering May 22, 2014 Signature redacted Certified by:. Dennis Whyte Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering I'l f 'A Thesis Supervisor Signature redacted Accepted by: Richard K. Lester Professor and Head of the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering 1 EXAMINATION OF THE UNITED STATES DOMESTIC FUSION PROGRAM By Lauren A. Merriman Submitted to the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering on May 22, 2014 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Science and Engineering ABSTRACT Fusion has been "forty years away", that is, forty years to implementation, ever since the idea of harnessing energy from a fusion reactor was conceived in the 1950s. In reality, however, it has yet to become a viable energy source. Fusion's promise and failure are both investigated by reviewing the history of the United States domestic fusion program and comparing technological forecasting by fusion scientists, fusion program budget plans, and fusion program budget history.