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VOLUME 13 | ISSUE 3 2018

Senegal and Mauritania SEE US AT Africa’s new players THE SHOW

Growth for gas in Tanzania and Côte d’Ivoire New offshore licensing rounds for Sierra Leone

How to be a leader in employee training and corporate social responsibility Ohioze Unuigbe, Country Chief Asset integrity management, floating production, leak detection on pipelines, Executive, Bureau Veritas Nigeria multiphase pump installation case study (p34) S01 ORA 3 2018 Start_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 12/06/2018 11:02 Page 2 S01 ORA 3 2018 Start_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 12/06/2018 11:24 Page 3

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VOLUME 13 | ISSUE 3 2018

Senegal and Mauritania SEE US AT THE SHOW EDITOR’S NOTE Africa’s new players There is certainly a more optimistic mood across the oil and gas industry in Africa and beyond with the oil price rising once again and passing the US$70 mark, albeit with some caution. When Oil Review Africa interviewed HE Gabriel Mbaga Obiang Lima, Equatorial Guinea’s minister for mines and hydrocarbons, he told us while the oil price going above US$70 is good news for industry stability, if it climbs above US$100, "we are back in the danger zone". Here’s hoping that we can avoid the “danger zone” this time around and, with lessons learnt

Growth for gas in Tanzania and Côte d’Ivoire New offshore licensing rounds for Sierra Leone from the downturn, including how to run leaner, more cost-effective operations, there are plenty

How to be a leader in employee training and corporate social responsibility Ohioze Unuigbe, Country Chief Asset integrity management, floating production, leak detection on pipelines, Executive, Bureau Veritas Nigeria of reasons for hydrocarbons producers across the continent to be more upbeat than perhaps they multiphase pump installation case study (p34) have been in recent years. The buoyant mood is certainly good news for Senegal and Mauritania, two West African Senegal and Mauritania are entering a new countries hoping to benefit from massive offshore discoveries. Find out more on page 20. era of cooperation. See page 20. Georgia Lewis Image credit: Adobe Stock Managing Editor

CONTENTS

Managing Editor: Georgia Lewis NEWS AND EVENTS CSR [email protected]  28 Leveraging technology ethically. Editorial and Design team: Prashanth AP, Hiriyti Bairu, Calendar of oil and gas events Miriam Brtkova, Praveen CP, Ebin GheeVarghese, Pranav Kiran, Rhonita Patnaik, Samantha Payne, Rahul Puthenveedu, Deblina Roy, 4 Plus Upstream West Africa preview. Decommissioning Nicky Valsamakis, Louise Waters 29 Global cooperation. Publisher: Nick Fordham African hydrocarbons news Sales Director: Michael Ferridge 6 Updates from across the markets. Asset integrity management Magazine Sales Manager: Chidinma Anah 30 Managing risk around maintenance. Tel: +44 (0) 20 7834 7676 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7973 0076 Rig count E-mail: [email protected] 39 Keeping track of the industry. Floating production International Representatives 32 Classification issues. India Tanmay Mishra COVER STORY Nigeria Bola Olowo Pipelines UAE Graham Brown Senegal and Mauritania 33 Leak detection challenges. USA Michael Tomashefsky 20 A discovery that could be Head Office: transformative for the two countries. Multiphase pump installation Alain Charles Publishing Ltd 36 A Leistritz Pumpen case study. University House, 11-13 Lower Grosvenor Place, London SW1W 0EX, COUNTRY FOCUS Tel: +44 (0) 20 7834 7676 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7973 0076 Innovations Tanzania Technology to transform the industry. Middle East Regional Office: 39 18 The future is gas. Alain Charles Middle East FZ-LLC Office L2-112, Loft Office 2, Entrance B INTERVIEWS P.O. Box 502207, Dubai Media City, UAE Côte d’Ivoire Tel: +971 4 448 9260 Fax: +971 4 448 9261 22 Gas-to-power projects. Ohioze Unuigbe, Bureau Production: Srinidhi Chikkars, Nelly Mendes, Infant Prakash, 34 Veritas Rakshith Shivakumar Sierra Leone New standards for Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] 24 Offshore licensing rounds. Subscriptions: [email protected] Taiwo Togun, Prime Atlantic Chairman: Derek Fordham TECHNOLOGY AND OPERATIONS 38 Cegelec Printed by: Buxton Press Partnerships and projects. © Oil Review Africa ISSN: 0-9552126-1-8 Training 26 How to be a stand-out campaign Andy M. Morton, 42 SGS Inspection Services Mergers and acquisitions Effective service along the value chain. 27 Doing deals across Africa. Serving the world of business S01 ORA 3 2018 Start_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:43 Page 4

4 EVENTS CALENDAR ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM Executives Calendar 2018 JUNE OCTOBER 19-22 Africa Energy Forum 9-11 ECOWAS Mining & Forum & Exhibition Mauritius Abidjan www.africa-energy-forum.com www.ametrade.com/ecomof 20-21 5th East Africa Oil & Gas Summit & Exhibition NOVEMBER Nairobi 5-9 Africa Oil Week www.eaogs.com Cape Town 20-22 Upstream West Africa www.africa-oilweek.com Dakar www.upstreamwestafrica.com 12-15 ADIPEC Abu Dhabi JULY www.adipec.com 2-5 Nigeria Oil & Gas Conference & Exhibition 21-22 Ghana Summit Abuja Accra www.cwcnog.com www.cwcghana.com 27-29 Valve World Expo Dusseldorf www.valvewordlexpo.com

Readers should verify dates and location with sponsoring organisations, as this information is sometimes subject to change. Upstream West Africa draws decision-makers to Dakar

ORGANISERS OF UPSTREAM Technology is a permanent West Africa are promising a fixture on African oil and gas move away from traditional trade agendas and Upstream West shows and exhibitions with a Africa is no exception, with closed-door event featuring sessions on deepwater and subsea leading decision-makers in the production challenges African upstream sector. Image Credit: Bob Adams/Flickr and how the digital oilfield is The closed-door meeting will transforming how the oil and gas take place on the first day of the industry does business. event and it will only be open to Technology needs to work government and independent oil hand-in-hand with geology and companies, national oil to that end, there will be sessions companies and ministry with a geological focus. These representatives. include a session on critical On the second day of the geological insights for enhancing Dakar event, a keynote panel The offshore hydrocarbons industry is set to take off in Senegal and exploration programmes, discussion will kick off Mauritania, thanks to a massive discovery. presented by George Liszicasz, proceedings with a focus on chairman and CEO, NXT Energy working in remote and Ghana, which is now an businesses to support the Services, and a data-driven challenging regions and established hydrocarbons market, hydrocarbons industry, will be session on exploration and complying with environmental will be in the spotlight with a another focus on the second day. production data management in regulations. case study presentation on a A session on how Liberian Côte d’Ivoire, led by Bertrand Gas will be a strong focus, gas FPSO led by Jahn Atle companies can meet these Zahoui, geologist and exploration particularly in light of major gas Hogberg, senior vice president. challenges and discover growth and production data bank discoveries off the coast of Yinson Production. opportunities, as well as boosting manager, Petroci. Senegal and Mauritania with an Liberia, which currently does local content, will be held with update from BP on the Tortue not have any significant one-to-one meetings on the Upstream West Africa will be held project and the challenges experience in petroleum agenda. The session will be led by from 20-22 June in Dakar, Senegal. surrounding gas monetisation. operations or strong ancillary Rufus Tarbue, CEO, NOCAL. www.upstreamwestafrica.com S02 ORA 3 2018 News 01_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:45 Page 5 S02 ORA 3 2018 News 01_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:45 Page 6

6 NEWS ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

Comoros Islands could provide new Gas megahub opportunity for oil and gas logistics for Equatorial

THE COMOROS ISLANDS, Guinea located in the Indian Ocean between the Mozambique HE GABRIEL MBAGA Obiang coastline and Madagascar, could Lima, Equatorial Guinea's be among the new "elephant" oil minister for mines and and gas discoveries for Africa. hydrocarbons, announced plans Speaking at last month's to develop a "gas megahub" at the Africa E&P Summit in London, Africa Oil & Power Investor Alexander Mollinger, chief Forum, which was held last operating officer, Discover month in London. Exploration, said that the The Bioko Island project combination of the islands' comes with a tight timetable to be location in the Mozambique completed "by 2020 or even Channel and 16,000sq km of 2D Image Credit: alKomor.com/Wikimedia Commons before", according to the minister. The Comoros Islands could be a new leader in offshore and shipping. seismic data for a drill-ready field "This will prove to the world with up to 10.5bn boe of gas subsequent monetisation have thousands of miles. However, that Equatorial Guinea doesn't could transform the country's the potential to dramatically geopolitical changes are making just talk," he told deleagtes. The economy. As well as the strong increase the Comoros Islands' the Mozambique Channel an project will be led by the gas case, the data shows a GDP from US$660mn. attractive shipping route again, Ministry of Mines and potential oil find of 7bn barrels Mr Mollinger explained that avoiding chokepoints such as Hydrocarbons and a gas supply and 1.1 tcf of associated gas. the Mozambique Channel was a Yemeni and Iranian waters, agreement has been signed by Made up of three islands and busy shipping route, before the and making it suitable for the ministry and Noble Energy, with a population of just 800,000, construction of the Suez Canal shipping East African gas which operates the Aseng and a major gas discovery and shortened many routes by to Asian markets. Alen fields. Gas will be supplied to the Punta Europa gas complex, incorporating the AMPCO South Sudan minister calls for oil investors to methanol plant, Malabo power station and Equatorial Guinea make long-term commitments LNG plant. This will be combined with subsea pipelines HE EZEKIEL LOL Gatkuoth, deterred. In a candid address, installations secure and this is to connect Aseng, Aleng and South Sudan's petroleum Minister Gatkuoth said that while separate to the political situation. Alba fields. minister, reassured delegates at South Sudan has experienced "Politics? Leave it to the In an interview with Oil the Africa Oil & Power unrest as it establishes itself as a politicians," he told delegates. Review Africa at the Africa E&P Investment Forum, that the nation seven years after gaining "When you come to South Sudan, Summit, Minister Obiang Lima country's oil facilities are secure independence, the government you need to be a pure said that gas production is set to and investors should not be keeps the country's oil company that doesn't have a overtake oil in Equatorial Guinea hidden agenda." and the megahub project CNPC, the Chinese state- demonstrates the country's owned petroleum company and a commitment to gas in the west major investor in South Sudan African region. was cited by Minister Gatkuoth "There is a lot of gas in the as a good example: "CNPC [is in neighbourhood and we will have South Sudan] purely to do the perfect infrastructure to business ... They don't ask: 'How receive gas and for drilling for is the political situation?' or more gas," he said. "The incentive ‘When we are going to have an is there to make gas more agreement with the rebels?’." important than oil." His message to potential The minister said the project investors is: "You'd better be with will be completed in three phases me in my difficult times so I can and existing infrastructure means

Image Credit: Rikujojieitai Boueisho/Wikimedia Commons be with you in your good times ... that it is "already 25 to 30 per It is hoped that investment in South Sudan will boost infrastructure. we can fix the country together." cent ready to go." S02 ORA 3 2018 News 01_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:45 Page 7 S02 ORA 3 2018 News 01_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 12/06/2018 11:26 Page 8

8 NEWS ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

Apex International Energy awards contracts SDX Energy to progress exploration in Egypt experiences

HOUSTONHBASED APEX further success INTERNATIONAL Energy, the Egypt-focused oil and gas in North Africa exploration company, has awarded a contract to acquire SDX ENERGY INC, one of the 1,000 sq km of 3D seismic data in front-runners in North Africa’s its Southeast Meleiha Concession Image Credit: Stephen/Adobe Stock oil and gas sector, has reported to BGP International Egypt, LLC. positive results of the well test Apex was awarded two conducted on the Ibn Yunus 1X concession agreements consisting well following the recent of 1.7mn acres encompassing conventional natural gas discovery the West Badr el Din (4,180 sq at South Disouq, Egypt. SDX has km) and South East Meleiha Apex’s two concession agreements are located in Egypt’s Western Desert. 55 per cent working interest and (2,535 sq km) concessions, is the operator of the well. located in the Abu Gharadig for the purchase of wellheads, and drill six exploratory wells. The Ibn Yunus 1X well was Basin in Egypt's Western Desert, well casing and tubing for the “At Southeast Meleiha drilled to a total depth of 9,608ft as part of the Egyptian General upcoming drilling programme. Concession we will commence and encountered 100.8 ft of net Petroleum Corporation (EGPC) This work is part of the bid 3D seismic acquisition conventional natural gas pay in 2016 bid round. commitment Apex made to invest operations in Q4 2018. We expect the Abu Madi horizon. Well test The company has also made around US$27.4mn during the to begin drilling the first of six operations have now commenced tender awards to Weir, Vallourec first exploration phase to perform exploration wells before year and the well has successfully Oil and Gas France, Soconord SA detailed geological studies, end,” said Roger Plank, founder flowed natural gas. Working with and Tenaris Global Services SA acquire and process 3D seismic and CEO of Apex international. its partners, SDX will now aim to bring the discovery into commercial production by the end of 2018. to strengthen focus on petrochemicals Paul Welch, president and CEO of SDX, said, “The flow test SONATRACH, ALGERIA’S to reduce the country’s facility will transform propane from Ibn Yunus 1X is a very STATEHOWNED oil and gas dependence on imports of into polypropylene, a plastic for positive outcome which has company, is looking to sharpen refined products, which which demand is growing exceeded our expectations and is its focus on petrochemicals. In an amounted to US$2bn in 2017, strongly, prioritising the local and a strong endorsement of the interview with Oxford Business according to a Reuters report. Mediterranean market. It will significant potential of the licence.” Group, its CEO Abdelmoumen In support of this objective, have an output capacity of This follows an oil discovery Ould Kaddour said, Sonatrach signed an agreement 550,000 tons per year. at the Rabul 4 well in its West “Petrochemicals will be the most with Total in May to launch the Sonatrach is also planning to Gharib concession, Egypt, and important development sector for engineering studies for a buy ExxonMobil’s 175,000 barrel two conventional natural gas Sonatrach in the next century.” US$1.4mn petrochemical project per day (bpd) Augusta refinery discoveries within a month in The move is designed in Arzew, western Algeria. The and three oil terminals in Sicily, Morocco, at the LMS-1 and and other recent deals include LNB-1 exploration wells on the Sonatrach is pursuing various an agreement to exchange crude Lalla Mimouna permit, where the initiatives in petrochemicals, including for refined products with oil company has a 75 per cent stake. a US$1.4mn project with Total. trader Vitol and a deal with the Commenting on the Morocco USA’s Honeywell to produce discoveries, Welch said, “The cleaner burning transportation results of our last two exploration fuel in Algeria. wells have opened up a very Sonatrach confirmed earlier significant new play area for us in this year that it expects to the Gharb basin. This provides us complete the refurbishment of with the ability to further grow its 2.7mn tpy refinery in Algiers our reserves and production before year end, and three potential in Morocco, where we new grassroots refineries are are targeting a four-fold increase planned at Hassi Messaoud, in production from our current

Image Credit: Adobe Stock Tiaret, and Biskra. portfolio in the medium term.” S03 ORA 3 2018 News 02_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 15:10 Page 9

ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM NEWS 9

Lekoil reports Dr Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu to attend Africa revenue after Oil Week in Cape Town

production at DR EMMANUEL IBE information regarding up-and- Kachikwu, Minister of State for coming projects. This will Otakikpo field Petroleum Resources, Nigeri,a include shallow water licensing in has been confirmed as attending Congo Brazzaville and billion- LEKOIL HAS REPORTED a full- Africa Oil Week 2018 which will dollar tenders in critical year revenue for the first time take place in Cape Town, South infrastructure. after it achieved commercial Africa on 5-9 November 2018, With more than 26 per cent of crude oil production and sales in joining eight other African the investment given to Nigeria, 2017 from its oilfield in Nigeria. ministers. it is noteworthy that the minster The company reported a profit of With 88 upcoming oil and gas is attending Africa Oil Week to US$6.5mn for the year ended 31 fields to receive more than promote vital transformation December 2017 compared with a US$180bn by 2025, having such projects in Nigeria.

loss of US$15.8mn last year. strong government Economic Forum/FlickrImage Credit: World “Attracting inward investment Revenue was US$30.8mn. representation of nine ministers Dr Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu will be for upstream activities and field Lekoil expects to increase attending to deliver bidding visiting Africa Oil Week 2018. development is critical if Africa is production at its Otakikpo rounds and investment to realise its full energy oilfield to 20,000bpd by 2020, opportunities should be a boon Over the course of the week, potential,” said Paul Sinclair, from an average of 5,547bpd for Africa Oil Week as a major leading nations will take conference director for Africa from May 2017 to May 2018. It transaction platform for Africa. meetings and present proprietary Oil Week. has a 40 per cent interest in Otakikpo, located about 60km south-east of Port Harcourt. Green Energy International, the Savannah Petroleum discovers oil in Niger’s operator of the oilfield, holds the remaining 60 per cent. Amdigh-1 well in the Agadem Rift Basin "These are perhaps the most important milestones UK'S SAVANNAH completion assembly on the well consultants to commence in the history of the company, PETROLEUM said that it has after production testing. detailed development concept and represent the fruits of efforts discovered an oil-bearing The company has R1, R2 and evaluation work around the that have been ongoing since reservoir in the Amdigh-1 well, R3 permits in the Agadem Rift creation of a potential R3 East Lekoil's inception in 2010," its second in a three-well drilling Basin, which has 2P resources Area Early Production System. Samuel Adegboyega, Lekoil's operation. of 975mmbbl and output of On the drilling front, I expect chairman, said. The company said that it has 20,000bpd. our near-term focus to remain "Our priority for 2018 is to discovered 22m of oil-bearing “Two discoveries from our on the prospects in the R3 area continue to grow production reservoir sandstones in the well, first two ARB exploration wells and we expect to provide further volumes and profitability at which is located in the Agadem is clearly encouraging for the updates on potential additional Otakikpo. In tandem, we will aim Rift Basin in South East Niger. future of our Niger project. drilling activity over the coming to progress the appraisal and Savannah Petroleum said it Given these successes, we have months,” Andrew Knott, CEO of development of our Ogo would install a downhole now engaged external Savannah Petroleum, said. discovery in OPL 310. Once we receive the second Ministerial Consent, we plan to finalise funding plans for an appraisal drilling programme. The programme will comprise two wells which will include flow testing. Our aim is to secure enough information to enable the partners to take a Final Investment Decision in 2019 and then to proceed with development in partnership with

GE Oil & Gas," Lekan Image Credit: Savannah Petroleum Akinyanmi, Lekoil's CEO, said. Workers onsite at Savannah Petroleum’s Niger operations. S03 ORA 3 2018 News 02_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 15:10 Page 10

10 NEWS ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

Kosmos to WorleyParsons wins Africa’s oilfield focus on development contract in Kenya

Senegal and HAS awarded a contract to Australian Mauritania engineering company WorleyParsons to provide DEVELOPING THE services for the foundation phase ENORMOUS offshore gas of the South Lokichar onshore discoveries off the coastlines of oilfield project in Kenya. Senegal and Mauritania is According to Tullow, East Kosmos Energy’s main focus, Africa’s oilfield project comprises according to Tracey Henderson, the development of the Ngamia the company’s vice president, and Amosing fields to produce exploration. an estimated 60,000 bpd of oil

Speaking at the Africa E&P which will be transported to Image Credit: WorleyParsons Summit in London, she said that Lamu via a 900km export WorleyParsons has extensive experience in oil and gas projects. “gas is the future of Africa”. pipeline. “The demand for gas is WorleyParsons will provide (FEED) for the central processing as part of an integrated project growing in Africa,” Ms front-end engineering design facilities and will support Tullow management team. Henderson told the conference. “Oil has not really delivered the catalyst for progress that was hoped, but gas can ... Oil has GNPC signs 12-year natural gas supply already peaked in Africa [but] peak gas is much further out.” agreement with Russia’s She said that oil peaked in Africa and has been in “steady RUSSIA’S ROSNEFT HAS signed The agreement was signed Fredrick Blay, chairman of the decline ever since.” a preliminary 12-year liquefied during the XXII St Petersburg board of directors of GNPC, said To properly leverage gas from natural gas (LNG) supply deal International Economic Forum. that with this new agreement, Senegal, Mauritania and other with Ghana National Petroleum During the forum, Rosneft GNPC will play a leading role in African gas markets, FLNG is Corp (GNPC), a move that will and GNPC also signed a the development of West Africa’s “key to new development”, said see delivery of natural gas to framework cooperation oil and gas sector. Ms Henderson. Ghana’s Tema port. agreement that envisages a joint Rosneft also signed a She added that FSRUs are The agreement, which is study of high-priority directions memorandum of understanding useful for “opening new markets subject to be approved by the of mutually beneficial with Nigeria’s Oranto Petroleum [and] creating new demand” in boards of directors of both cooperation in the development on potential cooperation in the Africa where “domestic need parties, includes the supply of 1.7 of West Africa’s oil and gas fields, implementation of oil and gas [for gas] is huge.” mmtpa or 250mn scf per day. oil and oil product supplies. projects in Africa. S03 ORA 3 2018 News 02_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 15:10 Page 11 S03 ORA 3 2018 News 02_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 15:10 Page 12

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Local content and unleashing Nigeria’s gas potential on the agenda at Nigeria Oil & Gas 2018

ON THE DAY before Nigeria Oil & Gas 2018 maintaining adequate Nigerian content officially opens, delegates will be able to attend compliance and enforcement measures. a seminar on Nigerian content. The day-long With gas development fast becoming a seminar will start with addresses from Engr. major focus for African hydrocarbon producers Simbi Wabote, executive secretary, Nigerian – and Nigeria being no exception – there will be Content Development & Monitoring Board, plenty of discussion in relation to gas during the and Ahmadu-Kida Musa, deputy managing conference. Unleashing Nigeria’s gas potential as director, Total E&P Nigeria. a catalyst for socio-economic growth, Following on from these addresses, a maximising Nigeria’s gas potential, reducing gas discussion on creating an enabling business flaring and policy surrounding gas environment for Nigerian content to flourish commercialisation are all on the agenda. will take place, with Alex Aghedo, coordinator, Long-term points of discussion will also TUCN contracts, procurement and Nigerian feature at the Abuja conference, such as content for Total E&P as the moderator. developing the downstream sector, refinery Emerald Energy Insitute and the Nigerian Image Credit: Andrew/Flickr building and the ongoing challenges and Abuja will be the location for NOG 2018. Content Development & Monitoring Board opportunities posed by the wil be represented at the third session of the sessions – one on the perspectives from Bill for public and private sector stakeholders. day, which will be on expanding Nigeria’s indigenous players with senior excutives from technical capabilities for the oil and gas PETAN, MCG Vowgas and Marine Platforms Nigeria Oil & Gas 2018 will be held from 2-5 industry. After lunch, there will be two more on the panel; and a closing session on July in Abuja. www.cwcnog.com S04 ORA 3 2018 Special Feature_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:51 Page 13 S04 ORA 3 2018 Special Feature_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:51 Page 14

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Final investment decision taken on Zinia 2 Process oil field, offshore Angola by Total and partners demand up in

TOTAL AND ITS partners said Africa and that they have taken the final investment decision on an oilfield Middle East off the coast of Angola. The Zinia 2 project, which has GLOBAL PROCESS OIL nine wells, will have a production demand is forecast to grow 1.4 capacity of 40,000bpd. In light of per cent per year to 7.2 mmt in higher oil prices, international oil 2021, according to the Freedonia companies such as Total have Group, a Cleveland-based taken an interest in developing international business research offshore fields in Africa. company. “Zinia 2 opens a new chapter Growth for process in the history of Block 17. This oil demand will be fastest in Image Credit: Total project will allow to extend the The CLOV FPSO project is important to Total’s Angolan operations. Africa and the Middle East profitability of this prolific block, region due to expected above- with over 2.6 billion barrels president, Total Exploration & a half,” Breuillac said. average increases in African already produced. Thanks to the Production. Total operates the Block 17 manufacturing. favourable fiscal framework “The project is also a good with a 40 per cent interest, While India is expected to introduced by the Angolan example of capex discipline and alongside affiliates of , undergo the biggest growth, authorities for satellite cost optimisation: the work Exxon Mobil, and BP. Sonangol is India and countries with mature developments, other projects carried out to simplify the design concessionaire. It has four FPSOs manufacturing markets, such as similar to Zinia 2 are currently while capturing deflation allowed – Girassol, Dalia, Pazflor and Japan and South Korea, will under consideration on Block the partners to cut the CLOV. In 2017, its production limit aggregate growth outlook 17,” said Arnaud Breuillac, development costs by more than averaged 600,000bpd. for the region. According to the review, the rate of growth is expected to be lower than the global average in North America South Africa to speed up exploration and Western Europe, where manufacturing growth will be the applications in the Karoo Basin slowest, and higher than average in all other regions. THE GOVERNMENT OF South This was announced by Main Karoo Basin may have Multiple factors have been Africa is planning to fast-pace the Gwede Mantashe, minister of about 205 tcf of “technically cited as drivers of the market. exploration of shale gas in the mineral resources in South recoverable” shale gas. These include: Increase in world southern Main Karoo basin, with Africa, during his budget speech Therefore, he added, the rubber consumption is forecast to a view to maximising production in the parliament on 15 May government plans to speed up accelerate, particularly in and to reshaping the country’s 2018. According to the statement, the finalisation of exploration developing countries as a result of energy economy. PetroSA has estimated that the rights applications, so South expanding vehicle parks; fast Africa can achieve economic population growth in developing development goals by regions will boost the level of transforming the energy sector. food and beverage manufacturing; So far, the South African and mature manufacturing government has received three industries and the offshoring of applications for shale gas operations to utilise cheaper exploration rights, according to labour costs will limit process oil the minister. The government requirements in developed areas plans to issue a notice in terms of of the world. the Promotion of Administrative The report said that the major Justice Act, inviting people to driving factors for global process comment on the decision. oil demand will be: increased With shale gas transforming manufacturing in developing the US energy sector, the South regions; heightened global trade;

Image Credit: Nicholas A. Tonelli/Flickr Image Credit: Nicholas African industry has high hopes and a growing level of energy The shale gas revolution has transformed the US energy sector. for similar success. consumption. S04 ORA 3 2018 Special Feature_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:51 Page 15

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Dana Gas Aiteo champions the safety and prosperity of receives communities

payment from AITEO EASTERN and CEO of the Aiteo Group EXPLORATION and reiterated the company’s Egypt Production Company has commitment to local spoken out on behalf of the content, business growth

DANA GAS, THE Middle East’s Niger Delta communities in Image Credit: Aiteo Group and supporting the largest regional natural gas which it operates in Nigeria. development of sport in company, has been given US$40 While the region has Nigeria as part of its mn from the Egyptian experienced issues with corporate social government towards paying illegal bunkering and responsibility programme. down its receivables. With this refining activities, as well as “Aiteo is one of the payment, Dana Gas has received oil theft, Aiteo’s management leading indigenous energy a total of US$88.8mn from Egypt has released a statement to companies in Africa and during 2018. reiterate its commitment to employs more than 300 Dr Patrick Allman-Ward, the local communities. Nigerians,” said Mr Peters. “I CEO, Dana Gas, said: “We are The statement said: “As a Benedict Peters, founder and look forward to once again pleased to have received this socially responsible CEO, Aiteo Group. focusing all my efforts on US$40mn payment from the organisation, Aiteo growing our business and Egyptian Government which understands that the community bears the brunt of supporting sports development in Nigeria and across takes our total receipts to nearly illegal bunkering and refining activities.” Africa, such as the CAF Awards, the Nigerian US$90mn for the first half of the In an earlier statement, Benedict Peters, founder national football team and the Federation Cup.” year. It is a timely cash boost and highlights the government’s publicly stated commitment to substantially reduce the OPEC launches 2018 Annual Statistical petroleum companies’ receivables during 2018.” Bulletin with member country data “The monies will enable us to proceed with important growth THE OPEC SECRETARIAT has Venezuela. Some of the major The report also found that world initiatives such as drilling released the 53rd edition of the findings of this year’s ASB include oil demand averaged 97.20 mb/d Balsam-8 in our Development Annual Statistical Bulletin (ASB). the 2017 decline of world crude in 2017, up by 1.7 per cent year- Lease onshore the Nile Delta, This year’s ASB provides updated oil production by 701,000 b/d, or on-year, with the largest increases which should provide statistical data on the oil and 0.9 per cent, as compared to 2016, taking place in Asia and Pacific incremental production to fill our natural gas activities of OPEC’s 14 to reach 74.69 mb/d, marking the region, Europe and North onshore facilities to its capacity,” member countries: Algeria, first yearly decline since 2009. America. The 2017 oil demand in added Dr Allman-Ward. Angola, Ecuador, Equatorial OPEC-14 crude oil Africa and the Middle East grew “Our primary focus remains on Guinea, Gabon, Islamic Republic production fell year-on-year by by around 100,000 b/d, compared increasing production and of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, 926,000 b/d, or 2.8 per cent, to 2016, while oil demand on drilling our first offshore well Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the while crude production in non- declined in Latin America for the in Block 6, due to commence United Arab Emirates and OPEC countries registered gains. third year in a row. in early 2019. Block 6 is highly prospective and contains several material prospects with multi-tcf potential.” Dana Gas first entered the Egyptian market in 2007 and has become the fifth largest gas producer in the country. In Q1 2018, production was 36,800 boepd. It has title to 14 development leases, three exploration concessions and two processing plants. Its 2P

reserves stood at at 117 mmboe Image Credit: OPEC at the end of 2017. OPEC leaders assembled for a Ministerial Monitoring Committee meeting. S04 ORA 3 2018 Special Feature_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:51 Page 16

16 NEWS ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

Ugandan government selects consortium for Wet flue greenfield refinery project in Hoima District gas plant

THE ALBERTINE GRABEN achieves high Refinery Consortium (AGRC), comprised of YAATRA Ventures, efficiency GE, LionWorks Group and , signed a GE’S STEAM POWER business project framework agreement has successfully completed tests confirming its selection by the for performance of Unit 1, of the Ugandan government for the Wet Flue Gas Desulphurisation realisation of a 60,000 bpd Plant (WFGD) at Eskom’s Kusile capacity refinery with a project plant, the first air quality control estimated value of around system of its kind in Africa. US$3 billion. Located in South Africa, The refinery, to be located in Image Credit: Baker Hughes GE the WFGD Plant will be the Hoima district, will process crude Irene Muloni, Uganda’s energy minister, with Ms Jandhyala. cleanest coal-fired power plant oil from fields developed by in Eskom’s fleet. Total, Tullow and China’s “We look forward to the YAATRA Ventures, said. During its performance tests, CNOOC and future upstream execution phase and delivering a The Albertine Graben Kusile’s WFGD plant has operators. The Ugandan world class facility that represents Refinery Consortium will have exceeded original performance government has included in the a unique opportunity for investors. each member undertake a commitments as it achieved 93 project scope a refined-product The project will deliver a broad, specific role during Pre-Final per cent removal efficiency rate, pipeline to Kampala for significant economic development Investment Decision (Pre-FID) to deliver more value to Eskom transporting finished products impact for Uganda and the East Activities and Engineering, and the local communities. from the facility as well as the Africa region,” Rajakumari Procurement and Construction Eskom’s acting CEO distribution of refined products. Jandhyala, president and CEO, (EPC) of the refinery. Phakamani Hadebe said “Kusile is the first power plant in Africa to implement clean fuel technology such as flue-gas NNPC tasks IBB University for Bida Basin desulphurisation – a state-of-the- art technology used to remove oil exploration oxides of sulphur, such as sulphur dioxide, from exhaust flue THE NIGERIAN NATIONAL Speaking to the media, Dr Dr Baru disclosed that the gases in power plants that burn Petroleum Corporation Maikanti Baru, group managing corporation had signed a MoU coal or oil. (NNPC) has charged the IBB director of NNPC, commended with four states on the “This technology is fitted as University with more the institution on the search for development of renewable energy an atmospheric emission collaboration on oil exploration oil in the basin, praising the projects, which when completed, abatement technology, in line in the Bida Basin, one of the services offered by Ivory Tower are expected to produce fuels and with current international seven inland basins in Nigeria. in that area. generate about 50MW of practice, to ensure compliance electricity. He added that the with air-quality standards, NNPC would collaborate with especially since the power station IBB University to benefit from is in a priority air shed area.” their expertise. GE’s scope in Kusile is the Dr Mohammed Saminu Engineering, Procurement and Turaki, chairman of council at Construction (EPC) of six IBB University, lauded the NNPC turbine islands, air cooled for sustaining exploration in the condensers and wet flue gas inland basins and developing desulphurisation plant (WFGD). renewable energy. Once in full operation, Kusile Mohammed Nasirudeen power plant will consist of six Maiturari, vice-chancellor of the units delivering 800MW each for university, said that the a total of 4,800 MW. This is collaboration with NNPC had enough power to meet the

Image Credit: Naziftm/Wikimedia Commons boosted the exploration and electricity needs of 3.5 million The NNPC is collaborating with IBB University on Bida Basin exploration. production portfolio of the basin. households in South Africa. S04 ORA 3 2018 Special Feature_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:51 Page 17

ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM NEWS 17

BP Energy Natural gas industry leaders join forces to Outlook find combat methane emissions

energy mix is THREE GLOBAL ASSOCIATIONS – the diversifying International Gas Union (IGU), the International Assosciation of THE 2018 EDITION of BP’s Oil and Gas Produceres (IOGP), Energy Outlook, released earlier and IPIECA – have become this year, considers the forces associate signatories to the shaping the global energy Methane Guiding Principles. transition out to 2040 and the These principles have been main uncertainties surrounding devised by the Climate and that transition. The speed of the Clean Air Coalition and

energy transition is uncertain and companies which have signed up Image Credit: WildEarth Guardian/Flickr the new Outlook considers a include BP, , ExxonMobil, Flaring by oil and gas operators is a major contributor of methane emissions. range of scenarios. , , “We are seeing growing , Statoil, Shell, Total, from IGU, IOGP and IPIECA, and increased efforts towards competition between different Wintershall and Woodside. the commitment “forms part methane emissions mitigation, energy sources, driven by While the three organisations of wider efforts by the global and the Guiding Principles are a abundant energy supplies, and do not have the mandate to energy industry to ensure that significant step toward achieving continued improvements in enjoin their members, as natural gas continues to play a that goal,” said David Carroll, energy efficiency. As the world associate signatories they will critical role in helping meet IGU president. “Natural gas learns to do more with less, play an important role in future energy demand while remains well positioned to make demand for energy will be met by encouraging the application of tackling climate change and a significant contribution to the most diverse fuels mix we the Guiding Principles. improving air quality.” improving air quality while also have ever seen,” said Spencer According to a joint statement “The IGU supports urgent reducing carbon emissions.” Dale, group chief economist, BP. “By 2040, oil, gas, coal and non- fossil fuels each account for around a quarter of the world’s Cameroon’s Logbaba Field looking promising energy. More than 40 per cent of the overall increase in energy after seismic reprocessing demand is met by renewable energy.” VICTORIA OIL AND Gas said The London-listed company company estimates. The 2P The Outlook offers regional that it has increased 2P resources estimates the resources from reserves level will support a analysis and finds that Africa is from its Logbaba Field in the field are now 309bcf, up 52 production rate of 90mmscfd for playing an increasingly important Cameroon after seismic per cent from its previous 10 years, according to the role in driving energy demand, reprocessing and completion of estimate. Proven resources or 1P Victoria Oil and Gas statement. contributing more to global the company’s 2017 development resources at the field are 69bcf, "The results ... provide a demand growth from 2035 to drilling campaign. up 73 per cent, according to significant value upgrade to the 2040 than China. Logbaba Project and confirm Trends in regard to that the field reserves will meet innovations, such as the the growing demand in the increased popularity of electric Douala market for the foreseeable cars, are analysed in the Outlook. future. Importantly, this will now “The suggestion that rapid enable us to market larger growth in electric cars will cause volumes of natural gas on a oil demand to collapse just isn’t longer term contractual basis to supported by the basic numbers – buyers, providing them with the even with really rapid growth,” security of supply they require. explains Dale. “Even in the We are actively negotiating Gas scenario where we see an internal Sales Agreements for these combustion engine ban and very projects and we will provide high efficiency standards, oil updates when appropriate," Kevin

demand is still higher in 2040 Image Credit: Victoria Oil and Gas Foo, Victoria Oil and Gas than it is today.” The Logbaba rig when it was under assembly in 2016. chairman said. S04 ORA 3 2018 Special Feature_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:51 Page 18

18 TANZANIA ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

TANZANIAN NATURAL GAS BENEFITS THE DOMESTIC MARKET

Tanzania is enjoying significant economic and social benefits through its use of domestically produced natural gas. While there are a few challenges along the way, the news is generally positive for the country’s gas market. Georgia Lewis reports.

HE TANZANIAN PETROLEUM Development Corporation T(TPDC) has conducted research which found that using domestically produced natural gas in the east African country has saved US$4bn between 2015 Image Credit: Iain Camerin/Wikimedia Commons and 2017. This has had the knock-on effect of increasing access to energy through more energy sources and stimulating the economy. Greater use of natural gas in Tanzania has, in turn, reduced dependence on heavy furnace oil (HFO), diesel, petrol and jet fuel, particularly in regard to operating machinery. Aristides Katto, the TPDC researcher, found that in 2015 alone, Tanzania’s Songo Songo gas plant is an important US$6.7bn was saved by replacing part of the country’s natural gas infrastructure. HFO and diesel with natural gas for electricity generation. "As a country gearing up for customers in selected regions. savings that Katto found in his Additionally, the Tanzanian industrialisation, Tanzania While there is a strong research indicating this makes government is working at a local should bank on natural gas as one appetite for natural gas exports financial sense. level with Dar es Salaam, the of the basic ingredients to from Tanzania, it is estimated The scope of the master plan country’s commercial capital, to making the industrialisation that only 10 per cent of the covers gas industry development connect major industries to gas. drive a success," Katto said. country’s natural gas is used for up to 2045. "The plan is to reduce In 2017, TPDC announced power generation in some It is a broad plan which covers dependence on electricity as the that a master plan would be industries. The aim of the master the utlisation of gas for power only source of power for drafted outlining how to set up plan is to increase the quantity of generation, industrial production by the industries," infrastructure to supply natural natural gas used in the domestic applications, households, Subira Mgalu, deputy minister gas to residential and industrial energy mix, with the economic institutions, transport, fertiliser for energy, told the Tanzanian production, methanol production National Assembly. He said that including methanol-to-gasoline, some important industrial Tanzania should bank on natural gas di-methyl ether production and players had already embraced gas as one of the basic ingredients to make an ambitous gas-to-liquid project, a source of fuel, including depending on the outcome of a Bakhresa Industries, which the industrialisation drive a success” feasibility study into the produces juices, as well as Coca- profitability of such a venture. Cola Kwanza.  S05 ORA 3 2018 Country Focus_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:53 Page 19 S05 ORA 3 2018 Country Focus_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:53 Page 20

20 SENEGAL AND MAURITANIA ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

CROSS-BORDER OPTIMISM FOR SENEGAL AND MAURITANIA

With Senegal and Mauritania agreeing to cooperate in developing a shared offshore gas field, there is a spirit of optimism shared by these west African neighbours. Georgia Lewis reports. Image Credit: L’Aeropiston/Flickr

Developing offshore gas should be a massive boon to the Mauritanian economy.

N FEBRUARY, SENEGAL according to a report by Ecobank export as well as domestic Technology Conference in and Mauritania signed an on emerging trends for the consumption. The Ecobank report Houston, he was very clear that agreement in which the continent, with governments recommends deregulating the gas LNG was integral to the Senegal- Ineighbouring countries agreed across west Africa seeking to ramp market and allowing market- Mauritania project, while pointing to work together and split up efforts to secure gas supply, for driven gas prices to help unlock out that it would be a challenge for production in an enormous further gas infrastructure both companies. offshore gas field. The field is development across the region. “Practically, this project is an being developed by BP and The Senegal- Infrastructure development engineer’s dream. By that I mean it Kosmos Energy in a partnership. along the entire value chain will is a challenge – or a puzzle – of the The Greater Tortue Complex, Mauritania be essential for both countries. In kind that us engineers relish,” Mr which straddles the Senegal- offshore project is Senegal, there is an ageing oil Looney said. “It involves producing Mauritania maritime boundary, an engineer’s refinery and there has been vast volumes of gas situated in is estimated to hold more than discussion about creating a very deep water – around 2700m 25tcf of gas. It is expected to dream – it is a second-generation refinery, but depth – and moving that gas along come online in 2021 with challenge – or a more will need to be done in more than 100km of flowlines to production to be exported via an terms of gas processing a modular floating LNG ambitious liquefied natural gas puzzle – of the infrastructure if the BP-Kosmos production system.” (LNG) facility. kind that us Energy project is to succeed. Mr Looney went on to tell the It is all part of a projected engineers relish” In a speech given by Bernard conference how the project significant uptick in gas activity Looney, BP’s chief executive, would benefit the economies of across west Africa in 2018, upstream, at the 2017 Offshore both countries, saying “the story S05 ORA 3 2018 Country Focus_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:53 Page 21

ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM SENEGAL AND MAURITANIA 21

does not end with the gas being In March this year, country manager for Mauritania. supplied to domestic or Mauritania’s gas ambitions It is hoped that the IDA export markets.” received an additional boost grant, along with a similar “Even more importantly, the when it was announced that the World Bank project for Senegal,

revenues from that gas will boost World Bank had approved a Image Credit: BP/Flickr will be a role model for cross- the economies of Mauritania and US$20mn International border cooperation in Africa, Senegal,” he said. “The project Development Association (IDA) particularly after Senegal and will have both direct and indirect grant to boost its capacity to Mauritania were able to quickly employment impacts across the negotiate investment agreements resolve cooperation issues in two countries, and we will be for the Greater Tortue discovery. regard to the maritime border. working with both governments The grant aims to help “The development of this to support the development of Mauritania utilise international joint resource will require local capabilities.” experts to strengthen the strong cooperation between For Kosmos Energy, the institutions involved in the the Governments of Mauritania Senegal-Mauritania project is management of the field and to and Senegal,” said Riccardo Bernard Looney, part of its wider work as a enhance the fiscal, legal and chief executive, upstream, BP. Puliti, senior director, energy frontier operator in the west regulatory framework, as well as and extractives global practice African hydrocarbons market. assisting the government in with strong support from the at the World Bank Group. Last year, Kosmos Energy added effective engagement with private government. We trust all “The Government of Senegal to its exploration portfolio in the sector stakeholders. stakeholders will be provided an is receiving similar assistance, so region by entering into three oil “This grant will strengthen opportunity to engage and this project could very well serve and gas contracts in Equatorial Mauritania’s capacity to ensure a contribute to accelerate inclusive as an example for other countries Guinea following the EG Ronda major gas resource is developed growth in Mauritania,” said that share natural resources with licensing round. effectively by private operators Laurent Msellati, World Bank their neighbours.”  S05 ORA 3 2018 Country Focus_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 12/06/2018 11:27 Page 22

22 CÔTE D’IVOIRE ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

POSITIVE OUTLOOK FOR OIL AND GAS IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE

With a strong focus on gas-to-power, as well as a busy time for offshore oil operators, there is plenty of positive hydrocarbons news coming out of Côte d’Ivoire. Georgia Lewis reports.

T THE END of 2017, Thierry Tanoh, the Ivorian energy and petroleum Aminister announced encouraging news for the west African country’s hydrocarbons industry. He said that average crude output for Côte d’Ivoire was revised from a previous estimate of 38,000 bpd up to 40,000 bpd. In regard to gas production, he said that was “significantly higher” at 275 mcf per day, revised up from an earlier estimate of 200 mcf per day. As is the case with many other African countries, gas is being used as a major source of fuel for electricity generation. The benefits are obvious – it is the cleanest-burning of the fossil

fuels, it is a reliable bridging fuel Image Credit: Abdallahh/Flickr while renewable energy Gas will continue to play a major role in bringing electricity to domestic and industrial customers in Côte d’Ivoire. technology improves and, because it can be ramped up capacity to the 430 MW plant with the East and West Espoir production sharing contracts quickly, it is a reliable bridging which supplied approximately 25 reservoirs, which are located (PSCs) for exploration and fuel for when renewable sources, per cent of Côte d’Ivoire’s power. about 60km south-west of production on two offshore such as solar and wind power, Canadian Natural Resources Abidjan. The field uses highly blocks, CI-12 and CI-502. The fail. In January this year, Minister is also involved in oil production deviated wells and water injection contract was signed between Tanoh announced that work on as well as other enhanced oil Foxtrot, its partners SECI and the new units at Ciprel and recovery techniques. The light PETROCI and the Côte d’Ivoire Azito’s combined-cycle gas Majority- crude is processed, stored and government. The blocks are turbine (CCGT) plants would private sector offloaded using an FPSO vessel. located offshore Jacqueville in commence this year near Additionally, the deepwater water depths up to 1,000m in Abidjan, the capital. In Côte players are Baobab field, located 8km south CI-12 and between 1,000-2,000m d’Ivoire, majority-private sector responsible for of Espoir uses an FPSO for for CI-502. players, such as Foxtrot and processing, storage and export. In the first phase of the Canadian Natural Resources, are supplying the LNG Foxtrot, meanwhile, contract, seismic processing, responsible for supplying the for thermal energy announced at the start of 2018 geological and geophysical LNG for thermal energy that it would be expanding its studies will take place to confirm production. The upgrading work production” hydrocarbons presence in Côte any gas and oil deposits and to set will add a further 30 MW of d’Ivoire with the signing of two out a plan for the field’s S05 ORA 3 2018 Country Focus_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:53 Page 23

ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM 23 Image Credit: Guillaume Mignot/Flickr Offshore oil opportunities abound for Côte d’Ivoire operators and investors.

development with the aim of commercial discoveries are made, using the resources to meet Côte the maturity of the Côte d’Ivoire d’Ivoire’s energy needs. The oil industry suggests a relatively minimum investment over three short and low-cost path exploration periods is more than to production”. US$70mn for both blocks. At a government level, the Tullow is another big African International Monetary Fund’s player extending its Ivorian (IMF) report on a team visit to reach. In February this year, Côte d’Ivoire in April 2018 noted Tullow signed two exploration some concerns in regard to the licenses for CI-534 and CI-520. country’s economic performance Work began on these two blocks including the need to facilitate in April 2018 with a full tensor reforms for ongoing fiscal and gradiometry gravity survey social stability. commencing. In 2019, Tullow According to a statement from expects to acquire 2D seismic the IMF, the team “noted the data. This follows on from four efforts to mitigate fiscal risks by licenses awarded to Tullow in advancing on restructuring the October 2017 in CI-518, CI-519, national and cI-301 and CI-302, covering public banks.” 5,035 square kilometres along the Later this year, Côte d’Ivoire Ivorian coastline, mostly west of will get an opportunity to Abidjan. These four blocks are showcase its extractive industries situated in a proven petroleum sector with the second edition of system, as indicated by multiple the forum and exhibition of the oil seeps and production from Economic Community of West the Eboinda . African States (ECOWAS), called Tullow is optimistic about the ECOMOF 2018, under the theme prospects of these four blocks "Strategies to promote the and said in a statement that “if development of mineral and oil resources in West Africa". This will be held in Abidjan If more from 9-11 October and it will commercial allow the country to promote its oil and mining sectors through discoveries are outlining investment made offshore, opportunities, presenting there should be a implementation actions and discussions between other relatively short, ECOWAS member states in regard low-cost path to to cross-border management and cooperation, a functional regional production” marketplace and regional strategy development.  S05 ORA 3 2018 Country Focus_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:53 Page 24

24 SIERRA LEONE ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

SIERRA LEONE’S LATEST OFFSHORE ROUND EXTENDED UNTIL SEPTEMBER

The Petroleum Directorate of Sierra Leone is optimistic about the prospects for the blocks that will be allocated in the country’s latest offshore licensing round. Georgia Lewis reports.

IERRA LEONE’S FOURTH offshore petroleum licensing has been extended until 27 September Image Credit: pdsL S2018. The round was originally scheduled to close at the end of June but the bid deadline has been moved to September because of an extended election period resulting from the run-off between Sierra Leone’s two main political parties. This round is offering five contract areas featuring a new block system. This includes areas of undeveloped discoveries from earlier drilling campaigns and there are shallow, deep and ultradeep blocks on offer. The licensing round was launched in London in January 2018 and more than 30 oil companies attended. At the end of last year, Oil Review Africa reported on the launch of the fourth round when it was announced at Africa Oil Week by Raymond Kargbo, director general of the Petroleum Directorate of Sierra Leone A map of the blocks which are incorporated in Sierra Leone’s latest offshore licensing round. (PDSL). The licensing round is supported by the Getech Group through its subsidiary, ERCL. the undoubted potential of the Sierra Leone margin. We look forward to The data rooms include technically detailed information such as a the fourth licensing round and assisting the Directorate in attracting 15,000km line of 2D seismic data, more than 10,000km² of 3D seismic investment in the upstream petroleum sector of Sierra Leone.’’ data, all wells from the 2009-20013 drilling campaigns, which produced In a further boost for Sierra Leone’s oil fortunes, African Petroleum, four discoveries. an exploration and production company announced at the end of 2017 On the prospects for the Sierra Leone blocks, Jonathan Copus, CEO that a survey indicated a significant increase in potential. African of the Getech Group said: “As exploration interest steps up in the Petroleum commissioned an offshore survey by petroleum consultancy, neighbouring waters of Guinea, potential investors are able to access an ERC Equipoise. The results show net prospective oil resources were extremely high quality technical database to assist in their evaluation of about 75 per cent higher than the previous estimate from 2015, up to more than 2.5bn barrels. It could be a positive alignment of multiple factors for Sierra Leone’s oil prospects with the oil price making a strong recovery to more than The data rooms include a US$70 a barrel, as well as a fall in costs necessary to exploit 15,000km line of 2D seismic data and ultradeepwater oil discoveries off the west African coast. more than 10,000km2 of 3D seismic data, In a statement, African Petroleum CEO, Jens Pace said: "We will continue our de-risking efforts on these licenses and, in due course, all from 2009-2013” work towards formulating a suitable drilling strategy that meets with the current license commitments.”  S06 ORA 3 2018 Training CSR_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 13/06/2018 08:05 Page 25 S06 ORA 3 2018 Training CSR_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:57 Page 26

26 TRAINING ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

LEVERAGING TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE WORKER TRAINING

What separates a good company and a great company? Often, great companies have a strong identity and a strong business culture. However, for oil and gas companies with remote workers and independent workers, that can be hard to achieve. The answer may be in the cloud.

ITHIN THE because this is all done via the INDUSTRIAL sectors, cloud, anyone, near or far, can oil and gas, and energy be part of this conversation, Wsectors, remote galvanising your workforce. workers and small independent This is important for your teams work everywhere for you. workers for a number of Particularly across the continents reasons. First, a colleague of Africa and the Middle East, exuding the company’s ethos and those who are based will sell the company positively offshore, a handful of people will to every client they visit. be hundreds of miles away from Secondly, they will be more any of their colleagues. Of course, involved within the company we have social media and and will feel more valued, and promotional materials, but today, therefore will value their these are less effective, with employer more and third and colleague engagement decreasing finally, and probably most over time. This is why targeted importantly, their advertising using information compliance will increase, collected off social media and decreasing HSE risks, saving web browser can be so crucial. the company money. Across many of the sectors There are also benefits such above, we use cloud technology to as improving staff retention improve efficiencies, operational through growth opportunities strategies and production flow. and the ability to ‘skill up.’ This can be done with smart flow Cloud learning and meters in refineries, Augmented communication has a number of Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality benefits for remote workers. Its (VR) glasses and screens, and relatively low cost and potential tracking and response apps on cost savings could be vital to

smartphones. But a business Tarumbwa Image Credit: Tafadzwa efficiencies. Furthermore, the culture is harder to define, pin Smartphones can empower remote workers and improve efficiencies. inclusive mentality and a great down, and quantify. In fact, many business culture will help with workers may not even realise that can harbour elearning resources In practice, managers can staff retention, safety they are part of a business culture. that workers can access from speak to their team by compliance and transparency Those isolated are in even more anywhere in the world with recommending reading, videos, and a greater manager employee danger of losing sight of company collaborative tools to engage with audio and other content, both relationship. For many goals and instilling business values their other colleagues. This can produced internally and businesses, this may be the and ethics into their own work. driven by both management and externally, to allow them to have answer to many For workers to understand by colleagues to promote a a conversation and question issues for remote workers.  what the company is trying to business culture and to engage their own business culture and achieve, we can continue to use with it. This can be done via a education and engage with the By Kestell Duxbury, Knowledge cloud technology. In particular, we learning platform. company’s business culture. And Editor, BlueBottleBiz.com S06 ORA 3 2018 Training CSR_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 12/06/2018 11:29 Page 27

ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM M&A 27

IMPROVED OIL PRICE DRIVES AFRICAN M&A ACTIVITY

The signs of recovery that were witnessed in the Africa mergers and acquisitions market look set to increase during this year. Leading consultancy firm EY analyses the promising news for deals across the continent.

HE MERGERS AND more appetite now for reserve acquisition (M&A) market replacement for growth as can be for the oil and gas sector in seen by high interest again in TAfrica showed signs of exploration assets. Majors recovery in 2017. After several continue to upgrade their years of slowdown, the recovery portfolios as they improve comes on the back of companies working capital, so we may see who have raised cash for capital some more disposals.” projects through divestitures; improved their balance sheets and Political and economic are replenishing upstream reserves. landscape There was a 62 per cent There are political shifts in major increase in total deal value from economies such as Angola and 2016 to 2017. In 2017, there were South Africa to elect leaders who 65 deals with a total value of are perceived to be more business US$8.6bn. The upstream sector friendly. Although it is early days dominated deal activity totalling and investors are still in a ‘wait US$7.3bn, up from US$4.6bn in Claire Lawrie, EY Partner and Oil and Gas Advistory Lead for Africa, and see’ mode. “The lacklustre 2016. One major upstream deal India and the Middle East. macroeconomics of low growth, was ExxonMobil’s US$2.8bn high inflation and currency acquisition of a 25 per cent stake concentrated in just one or two operational success. Africa’s volatility which marred the last in Eni’s operations in Mozambique. countries. political and fiscal regimes few years is getting better,” Lawrie This is a major addition to “The partial recovery of the remain an important factor for concludes. “This is making ExxonMobil’s natural gas portfolio. oil price has improved the deal attracting investment. “Majors valuations easier and giving There were few deals in environment. 2017 was the best are continuing to upgrade their investors some more confidence. downstream in 2017, but, deal year for deal making in Africa portfolios and generate cash from “We expect the M&A market value doubled to US$1.2bn in since the oil price fall in 2014. divested assets such as Royal in West Africa in 2018 to be 2017. A major deal was in Gabon Furthermore, companies have Dutch Shell’s upstream busier. Nigeria is likely to see where sold all more cash to spend after years of operations in Gabon and increased deal activity. The its onshore oil and gas operations cutting costs and improving their Chevron’s downstream operations monetary environment is and related infrastructure to balance sheets. To date, the deal in South Africa,” she adds. improving, helped by the oil price Assala Energy for US$628mn. activity has been highly focused recovery and the security situation Portfolio upgrading was the on exploration assets. Recovery in full swing in the Niger Delta is improving. driver for both companies Replenishing upstream reserves EY is optimistic about 2018 being The MSGBC Basin will continue “Investor confidence across and growth is back on the a good year for oil and gas M&A to attract explorers. Following the Africa appears to be returning,” agenda. In Southern/Central in Africa as part of a recovery giant Yakaar gas discovery says Claire Lawrie, EY Partner Africa, Statoil, Total, ONGC trajectory evidenced since 2017. offshore Senegal, and the Cairn- and Oil and Gas Advisory Lead Videsh have all showed interest in Lawrie explains that several led deepwater oil discovery, the for Africa, India and the Middle the exploration sector.” industry related factors are Basin is expected to see an uptick East. “We see deals happening According to Lawrie, the deal- driving recovery. in exploration activity.”  across several countries in Africa making will continue to follow “The oil price has partially rather than deals being capital availability and recovered” she says. “There is www.ey.com S06 ORA 3 2018 Training CSR_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 12/06/2018 11:30 Page 28

28 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTY DELIVERED VIA TECHNOLOGY

Any corporate social responsibility (CSR) message can alienate the local workers in developing countries, particularly if the message is coming from a European or North American perspective. But this could be overcome via a Learning Management System (LMS).

IMPLY PUT, AN LMS is a An LMS can help instill a safety culture at piece of software that can all levels of an operation. deliver the application, Sdocumentation, track, report and deliver learning or educational resources. These come in a variety of forms to complement each sector and industry, but this is the basic premise that we shall use for this example. An LMS, first and foremost, can give your workers, wherever they may be in world, information to help them improve themselves and their work. This can improve their working output, their work-life balance and their efficiency. This, of course, brings obvious benefits Image Credit: Eni/Flickr to both the employee and the employer. However, an LMS can own library with some working happen, what shouldn’t happen, often don’t have time to teach soft do more, and one of those things examples to drive home vital and how to look for any unusual skills as they are broader and take is to improve the CSR message of learning skills. This can help activity that suggests that they more time. the company. workers, whether at home or should take measures to rectify By harvesting a learning A LMS is a secure technology working remotely, learn about the this. It is a great skill to have if platform via an LMS, any worker, that is often integrated into a company's message both at home they just need to work with smart remote or inbound, can continue company’s existing systems. This and further afield. Greater valves. However, a soft skill that their learning away from their gives reassurance to companies communication channels, may be useful to work alongside trainers to enforce transferable who are concerned about supported by the learning methods this is the ability to gauge risk skills, which in the case of safety, security. In light of the infamous from an external learning provider, and hazards. A skill like this can can be a net saving for the 2012 hacking, can improve colleague engagement be used to interrupt the workflow company and also an investment external systems that integrate a and improve understanding of a if they spot a potential risk in the in the worker. This can feed into company’s computer systems can company’s CSR goals. future, improving safety and an overall CSR project by be a security risk, but these can One issue that many have potentially dangerous situations. promoting good working efforts be managed internally and are when it comes to training is Not only is this applicable to for every colleague, increasing increasingly secure. harvesting the best from their them monitoring smart valves, the company’s safety record and Some LMSs can integrate a employees through hard skill but is transferable to other tasks making the worker feel clients’ own content by uploading training. An example of this is if that they may need to complete appreciated via crucial their own training material, as well you need to train someone to in their everyday line of work. transferable investment.  as any other content, to the LMS. adjust and monitor a smart valve This is a basic example, but This means that they could include to control oil flow. You can pairing hard and soft skill By Kestell Duxbury, Knowledge management training from their demonstrate to them what should learning can be difficult. Trainers Editor, BlueBottleBiz.com S07 ORA 3 2018 Asset Integrity Floating_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:54 Page 29

ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM DECOMMISSIONING 29

GLOBAL DECOMMISSIONING CONSORTIUM REDUCES THE BURDEN

A collaborative supply chain approach to global decommissioning has been launched, offering an end-to-end solution from industry leaders, to reduce the decommissioning burden, risk and cost for operators.

HE NEW GLOBAL important challenge of decommissioning decommissioning offshore oil consortium, which and gas infrastructure.” Tincludes Lloyd’s Register, Global spending on oil and WorleyParsons, and Ardent, gas decommissioning is expected brings together 350 years of to be $13bn per year by 2040. The collective experience to reduce Image Credit: Roy Luck/Flickr consortium plans to deliver the interfaces, costs and risks of smarter decommissioning activities decommissioning for the oil and with end-to-end project gas industry. This consortium management and execution for includes leading experts to cover operators in Europe, Asia and all aspects of decommissioning, Americas that include best practices from late life management to from other sectors such as float planning, readiness for removal, and tow, used widely in salvage. execution, waste management Offering considerably more and monitoring post removal. technical value for operators The consortium has the unique than rival partnerships, the capability to take well operatorship, members of the consortium have duty-holdership and title of a proven track record across all offshore structures, in addition to areas of late life and providing independent third- decommissioning. It can ensure party assurance. project efficiency, regulatory “This consortium offers a compliance and cost certainty in new, collaborative approach to the execution of decommissioning decommissioning for operators,” activities, wherever in the world highlights Steve Gilbert, director the assets may be. of asset management and John Cox, global decommissioning from LR. “It decommissioning lead, represents a fundamental step WorleyParsons, says: “The value change for the industry, aligning for industry is that our combined assurance, project management, Best-practice decommissioning is essential at the end of a project. expertise covers the full and safe, fit-for-purpose removal decommissioning lifecycle. We and disposal. activity, knowing that their consortium over 150 years of have the unique capability to “Decommissioning can be decommissioning project is in maritime retrieval experience, as become well duty holders and take daunting; the cost uncertainty, safe hands. As experts in asset a global leader in salvage and title of offshore structures plus we the colossal project scope and and risk management, and a wreck removal. Through our offer independent assurance the unknown long-term number one provider of expertise, we are in the unique throughout the decommissioning liabilities. The consortium helps verifications services, this position of being able to apply process. This consortium to reduce the overall cost, time approach will assure safety, techniques and learnings from provides a new in and liability burden for efficiency and reputation.” other sectors such as marine cost-effective decommissioning operators and allows them to Peter Pietka, Ardent CEO, wreck removal, to improve how activities, with safety and peace focus resources on more fruitful says: “We bring to the to tackle the increasingly of mind for the operator.”  S07 ORA 3 2018 Asset Integrity Floating_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:54 Page 30

30 ASSET INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

Woodside has used technology to streamline all operations. MANAGING RISK AROUND MAINTENANCE IN THE

DATA-RICH AGE Energy Image Credit: Woodside

Technology is disrupting the world of business. Digitalisation for oil and gas could be worth up to US$2.5tn for the industry over the next decade What is the reality of risk in the current business world and how can technology and data enable safer, efficient environments for our businesses?

RTIFICIAL AI or the human element but for sophisticated threat actors and innovation without the associated INTELLIGENCE IS optimal risk management it must vectors, it is becoming financial risk. The Lloyd's already changing focus on human intelligence and increasingly more complicated to Register Safety Accelerator will Abusinesses in unexpected artificial intelligence combined. protect business critical assets. address issues, acting as a barrier ways. As demonstrated by This has been shown in the To date many organisations have to improved industrial operation. Woodside Energy, who deployed manufacturing of components to relied almost purely on We’re using the virtual artificial intelligence to reduce hold cables above a road in The technology for protection. The environments today to improve their workforce and improve Hague, by using the best of both focus has been on creating an the risk environment offshore. efficiencies. What they didn’t the human and computer, the impregnable fortress and This helps you experience real- predict was through the component can now support the protecting all assets within that life challenges which the oil and knowledge that this new same weight but weighs 75 per fortress to the same level, from gas industry is exposed to, and in technology has given them, their cent less and is 50 per cent the canteen menu to the client a non-threatening environment, existing staff would become more smaller than either the human or database. This is an expensive thereby enhancing your own engaged and more efficient, computer component alone. and inefficacious approach. knowledge of the issues the which led to more work and When we adapt this combined To manage security properly, industry faces offshore. increasing their workforce. approach into risk management businesses need a holistic The value to a business using The case of a 19-year-old’s we can enhance quality, provide approach encompassing VR technology is immense and ‘robot lawyer’ which overturned deeper insights and reduce costs. technology, people and processes, helps to reduce the costs of non- 160,000 parking tickets with Through AI we have automated which helps maximise the productive time, measured in artificial intelligence, is also set-up and assessment of risk efficacy of their technical hundreds of millions of pounds another example of how AI is scenarios. AI and digitalisation defences and reduce risk. This annually across the industry, due driving efficiencies. With the rise can provide real time insights as approach must be risk-based and to operating down-time and of technology and the speed of the risk environment changes driven through security analytics inefficiencies. change in the AI market, new based on weather conditions, and threat intelligence so as to There is significant benefit industries and new ways of doing manning, work orders, understand what to protect and and value to be gained from things are appearing quickly. If maintenance programmes and how. This builds a scalable managing risk though you’re not adapting, your inspection programmes. We can security posture providing better technology. The reality is that competition will be. To stay reduce the time to build risk resilience in the face of attack. the business environment, oil ahead, you must adapt to this models, reduce man-hours to We’re now in full swing of and gas and energy sectors are new reality. build the model, automate industry 4.0 and the digitalising changing ,and risk in the current What does this mean for risk document compliance, improve our businesses as technology is world can be enhanced using management? We’re all using knowledge transfer and optimise delivering more and more for our new technology and data to artificial intelligence in our engineering time by focusing on businesses, drones for enable safer, risk reduced and everyday lives. Why not use these design improvements rather than inspections, AI, augmented efficient environments for our intelligent machines to create modelling. reality, asset digital twins and businesses. Not just in the safer, risk reduced environments? The reality of all these new centralised data. The LR future, but now.  Risk management, in the new technologies is that, in Foundation is offering industry digital future, will focus not only conjunction with more partners to be early adopters of www.lr.org S07 ORA 3 2018 Asset Integrity Floating_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:54 Page 31 S07 ORA 3 2018 Asset Integrity Floating_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:55 Page 32

32 FLOATING PRODUCTION ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

CLASSIFICATION OF FLNG AND FSRU PROJECTS

With so many large LNG projects coming onstream, the nature of gas as a primary fuel for the developed world and emerging economies, is changing. It is predicted that this expansion will drive down technology costs and therefore open up gas as a fuel to an even larger market.

ITH GREATER AVAILABILITY of FPSOs are a versatile option gas, the trading nature of gas has for gas operators. also started to change. While gas W prices have historically tended to be more localised and more dependent on fixed long-term sales contracts than oil, we have seen a move to a more active spot market – often at considerable discounts to long-term contract pricing. This has been enabled by the increase in transportability of LNG due to

growth of the LNG carrier fleet and receiving Image Credit: kees torn/Flickr facilities. The lower gas price environment has plant offering smaller footprint but better and sizes. It is the high versatility of this asset several effects: efficiency. type which gives it its advantages, particularly 6 A push for cheaper, simpler, field 6 Number of (more traditional) gas floating over shore-based solutions. However, this development solutions on the upstream production storage and offloading (FPSO) throws up challenges to class societies in (FLNG) side. units providing gas conditioning linked producing, revising and adapting their rules 6 An increase in demand for supply-side with a centralised liquefaction facility – and guidance to meet the technical demands FSRU (floating storage and regasification allowing individual units to be smaller and of a diverse group. unit) solutions which are on the upside of a less complex, potentially reducing the need 6 Gas ship with regasification facilities. lower gas price and provide a practical for more extensive subsea infrastructure. 6 Storage barge with regasification facilities. solution to the growing energy demands of 6 FLNG providing liquefaction (only) 6 Near-shore, at-shore or at-sea locations. developing nations – or anywhere where facilities for gas produced and conditioned 6 Mooring systems, hull and mooring design extended electricity grid networks are elsewhere and accessed via land or subsea for tidal conditions. impractical. pipeline. Advantages over land-based The much reduced operating costs of an FSRU 6 Renewed interest in gas compression solutions for remote areas or those with with respect to a trading LNG carrier can projects. difficult political or social circumstances. make conversion an attractive option for These market developments are having 6 Near shore export FLNGs ranging from LNGC operators. inevitable knock-on effects for the types and simple LNG storage and offloading to full So where does class fit in this changing designs of assets that are favoured for blown FLNG solutions. environment and how can it support production or supply of gas from LNG – and All of these options are now being explored or innovation while not compromising on safety? consequently are exerting pressure on class actively developed in response to various local The view of Lloyd’s Register (LR) is that societies to deliver rules and guidance for these circumstances. As a consequence of driving new rules do not necessarily provide the most new designs. Instead of having a land-based down cost, the industry seeks innovative effective solution to highly focused projects, as LNG plant fuelled from a (consequentially very solutions to monetarising large and small they tend to deliver a more refined vision of large) floating platform (meaning that the gas offshore remote gas, proposals being prescription in an environment where the reserves would need to be sufficiently large to considered are for: safest, most cost-effective solutions aren justify the large field development capex) 6 Very large offshore floating gas usually found by allowing developers more FLNGs are smaller, simpler assets which can be compression projects and compressed freedom on innovative concepts. LR believes mobilised more quickly, allowing swift natural gas (CNG) for combined storage the core elements of its Offshore Rules provide monetisation of projects. and pipeline solutions. a suitable foundation for offshore projects 6 Simpler liquefaction process allowing 6 Long deep subsea compressed gas with the flexibility to be able to be applied over smaller footprint, but at reduced efficiency. pipelines. many concepts. This is then supported by 6 More complex, miniaturised liquefaction FSRU designs can come in a variety of shapes written guidance for specific project types.  S08 ORA 3 2018 Editorial 01_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:58 Page 33

ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM PIPELINES 33

PRODUCED WATER AND CRUDE GATHERING: LEAK DETECTION CHALLENGES

The US shale boom highlighted the importance of produced water management along pipelines. Leak detection is imperative to this process and the lessons learned from the US can be applied to other markets, such as Africa.

IL PRODUCERS LAID water system. Factors that hundreds of miles of influence the performance of gathering pipelines to leak detection technology for Okeep pace with shale these upstream systems boom across North America. include: number and quality of Produced water production Guardians Image Credit: Forest sensors on the pipeline; increased exponentially with oil availability and quality of and gas production. US oil and telecommunications system; gas wells alone now produce over pipeline operating scenarios such one trillion gallons per year of as transient events from produced water, the inadvertent continuous start and stop of byproduct that must be contained injections and deliveries and and transported to disposal or slack flow conditions. reclamation sites. The everyday Pumps on the wells at inlets of use of trucks to carry this dirty a gathering system frequently start water creates its challenges such and stop and flow rates change The world can learn from the US pipeline experiences. as cost, safety and traffic often; there is seldom a steady state congestion. Produced water is The produced water pipeline 6 Implementation speed; well- as normal operating conditions considered hazardous to the infrastructure gathers produced pads can be added weekly as tend to always be in transient. environment. It is prudent to water from temporary storage new production comes online. Some technologies are hard- consider cost-effective options for available at production sites and 6 Dynamic nature of injecting pressed to cope with transient leak detection on these pipelines typically uses automatic pumping from numerous wells at behaviour and must desensitise to as well as on the crude gathering to transport the produced water different flow rates. avoid false leak alarms. networks. The December 2016 to temporary storage, to a 6 Limited access to the right-of- With a rising demand for leak detection study, “Pipeline disposal site, or a reclamation ways to add instrumentation nimble, efficient and cost- Leak Detection – Field Evaluation facility. The crude gathering at the branch connections, so effective pipeline leak detection, Of Multiple Approaches For network collects crude from the typically there is only flow the statistical corrected volume Liquids Gathering Pipelines”, wells and carries it to temporary and pressure data available balance technology has proven to commissioned by the state of storage or delivers it directly into from the LACT units at the be the most suitable and reliable North Dakota, and written by the a transportation pipeline. Crude wells and at the outlet. leak detection technology for Energy & Environmental gathering networks and the 6 Constrained communications gathering systems. Field Research Center, the University of produced water networks share bandwidth limits the SCADA deployments show the SCVB North Dakota states: challenges for leak detection: update rate to minutes at best. LDS functions well with “Field evaluation results 6 Product composition is 6 Draining can cause slack in minimum instrumentation and suggest that the addition of CPM variable depending on the the network pipelines filling slow data scan rates. This system to an unpressurised gathering specific well, the production as injection pumps operate continues to prove itself in the system could provide a 96 per field, and the region, and intermittently. production fields, detecting real cent reduction in total spill there are usually no density Such challenges explain why leaks quickly.  volume when compared to daily measurements available to the many leak detection methods flow accounting and would SCADA from each well. that work on transmission This is an abridged article from reduce the time to detect to less 6 Gathering networks can have pipelines may be unsuitable for a Atmos International; than two hours.” many injections and deliveries. gathering system or produced www.atmosi.com S08 ORA 3 2018 Editorial 01_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:58 Page 34

34 INTERVIEW ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

BUREAU VERITAS: A NEW GLOBAL PARTNER FOR HIGH STANDARDS IN NIGERIA

Bureau Veritas, a partner providing inspection, auditing and certification services to the Nigerian oil and gas industry, is a new actor in the SON Conformity Assessment Programme (SONCAP), bringing 190 years of experience in conformity assessment and its global network. Image Credit: XEON/Wikimedia Commons

Bureau Veritas has long been a partner with the Nigerian oil and gas industry.

HIOZE UNUIGBE, substandard and unsafe products It eases trade operations in What services can Bureau COUNTRY Chief entering the domestic market. It Nigeria by preventing delays in Veritas offer to help customers Executive of Bureau is important to Nigeria because it clearance and prevents unfair meet SONCAP requirements? OVeritas, Nigeria Limited, improves the quality of products competition of poor quality As an independent accredited talks to Oil Review Africa about and protects consumers against imports, thus safeguarding the firm for SONCAP, Bureau Veritas the company’s new role with dangerous, substandard or domestic economy. is authorised to carry out pre- SONCAP. counterfeit products. shipment conformity assessment What is the impact of Bureau and verification and to issue the Tell us about SONCAP – what Veritas’ appointment with certificates that are mandatory is it and why is it important to SONCAP SONCAP on the oil and gas for importation and Nigerian Nigeria? addresses the industry in Nigeria? Customs’ clearance: Product SONCAP is the pre-export challenge of Bureau Veritas’ one-stop shop Certificates 1, 2 and 3 and verification of conformity offer is an additional advantage for SONCAP Product or Shipment programme deployed by the substandard the oil and gas sector and all other Certificates. Standards Organisation of products and eases industries. As a unique partner, we Nigeria (SON) to ensure that trade operations, propose the SONCAP certification How can Bureau Veritas make products imported into Nigeria in addition to the global range of the SONCAP process easier? comply with the applicable thus safeguarding services offered to the oil and gas Bureau Veritas is an historical Nigerian Industrial Standards the domestic industry up to now such as actor in conformity assessment (NIS) or equivalent approved economy” inspection, testing, auditing, asset programmes, the first to become international standards.SONCAP management integrity solutions accredited at the international addresses the challenges of and certification. level. S08 ORA 3 2018 Editorial 01_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 13/06/2018 10:26 Page 35

ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM INTERVIEW 35

Our worldwide coverage of 1,400 offices and laboratories allows us to carry out pre- shipment verification in any country. We deliver an extensive panel of testing and analysis services for consumer goods, industrial products and commodities – including oil and petrochemicals – through our network of accredited laboratories. Importers and exporters can keep track of their pre‐shipment inspections at Verigates, which is our web platform dedicated to pre-shipment inspection programmes. Verigates allows them to require an inspection, to get real‐time updates on their inspections and receive electronic certificates.

What other plans does Bureau Veritas have for its Nigerian oil and gas clients? Bureau Veritas is ready to deploy Smart Inspection tools to aid the inspection process in the oil and gas industry. The number of companies introducing wireless or electronic technology into the industry is increasing rapidly.

As companies embark on Timbee/WikimediaImage Credit: Fred Commons their digitisation quest, Bureau Veritas hopes to diversify into agriculture, among other sectors, but oil and gas remains important. partnering with a knowledgeable technology and compliance service companies in the oil and comments transmission between needed to diversify its economy, expert such as Bureau Veritas is a gas industry to help innovate and VeriSTAR Project Management, if it was going to sustain critical success factor being increase their efficiency as their which is the Bureau Veritas economic growth. adopted by many companies. solutions partner of choice. Marine web-based collaborative This proved very difficult as Last April, Bureau Veritas and platform, and SHI’s counterpart investment is required in other Is there a case study of a Samsung Heavy Industry (SHI) technology, i-DOCS. sectors in order to diversify, and successful collaboration mutually celebrated the milestone After one year of feedback, e- with the top revenue generator, between Bureau Veritas and a achievement of the first CODS has been proven secured, oil and gas, going through a major client? successful year of utilisation of e- efficient, user-friendly and downturn. Therefore, funding The e-CODS (electronic CODS technology. allowing to dramatically decrease our diversification dreams connection of drawings system) – e-CODS is a fully integrated lead time of plan approval by became much harder. this shows how Bureau Veritas is digital process facilitating and eliminating non-added value However, now that the oil working with operators and speeding up drawings and tasks. price is improving, it has created a lot of optimism in Nigeria because With the oil price improving, we now have a way of funding our During the last oil downturn, it has this created a climate of diversification ambition. This can optimism in Nigeria? clearly be seen in this year’s became apparent that Nigeria needed to Nigeria traditionally has relied budget, where most of our budget diversify its economy if it was going to heavily on income generated is going to fund other sectors, sustain economic growth” from the oil and gas industry. such as agriculture and During this last oil downturn it infrastructure, rather than the became apparent that Nigeria traditional oil and gas sector.  S09 ORA 3 2018 Editorial 02_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 12/06/2018 11:31 Page 36

36 MULTIPHASE PUMPS ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

CASE STUDY: A SUCCESSFUL OFFSHORE MULTIPHASE PUMP PROJECT

Multiphase pumps have been successfully used for onshore and offshore applications worldwide. The technology gained increasing acceptance among global producers for keeping marginal and declining oil fields producing, and to reduce flaring as a contribution to a cleaner environment.

HE MAJORITY OF pipeline instead of separating oil, Technology can be used to reduce flaring. multiphase pumps (MPP) water and gas at gathering operating are based on stations and exporting oil and gas TTwin Screw Pump through separate pipelines to Technology. These self-priming central production facilities. pumps are of double volute Multiphase pumps are essentially design and hence, hydraulically a means of adding energy to the balanced. The possibility of speed unprocessed well stream, which variation by means of Variable enables liquid/gas mixtures to be Frequency Drives offers a wide transported over longer distances

operating envelope. Twin screw without the need for prior phase Image Credit: Blondinrikard Fröberg/Flickr MPPs are available for flow rates separation. up to 5,000 m³/h (755,300 bpd) Pumping the multiphase fluid pressure wells by using WHP with six wells. There were and differential pressures up to directly to the central processing dedicated multiphase pumps. three low pressure wells 150 bar (2,175 psi). The pumps facility eliminates the 6 Production restoration of intermittently flowing or not are designed to handle high Gas requirement for separators, dead wells by reduction of the flowing at all due to the high Volume Fractions (GVF) and to heater treaters, pumps, well back pressure. pressure from the remaining tolerate gas slugs with 100 per compressors and storage tanks at 6 Maximum utilisation of wells into the common manifold. cent GVF. the in-field gathering stations and existing production facilities Therefore, it was considered An installation with twin offers the following advantages: on a declining field by adding technically and commercially screw multiphase pumps has Reduction of installation space production from remote feasible to install a multiphase been commissioned on a requirements due to less wells. pump at the WHP connecting wellhead platform (WHP) off the equipment; Reduction of 6 Elimination of flaring and gas the low pressure wells. UAE coast, where oil has been operation and maintenance recovery by boosting the The MPP system which is priduced since the 1980s. The interfaces due to less equipment; unprocessed well stream to now installed on the WHP production from these fields is Reduction of manpower due to central separation facility. consists of: pumped from the wellhead the fact that MPP installations are 6 Reduction of unstable flow 6 The pump skid with the MPP, platforms to central onshore or suitable for remote control and regimes in multiphase the electric motor, the lube offshore facilities for processing, require no permanent manning. pipelines to higher superficial and seal oil system, an storage and export. Further arguments for velocities. automatic filter, the liquid To sustain the field’s oil multiphase pump technology are: 6 MPPs are designed to operate management system, the on- production at the current level 6 De-bottlenecking of existing with variable suction skid piping with motor the implementation of short term flow lines by maximising the pressures. This is an operated valves and the on- development projects was throughput. advantage over conventional skid instrumentation. initiated, which consisted of 6 Integration of low and medium separation systems featuring 6 The air conditioned and installing electrical submersible pressure wells into a high compressors which are pressurised control container pumps (ESP) and a multiphase pressure manifold/separator. designed to operate solely at a for the VFD, PLC etc. pump (MPP) at selected WHPs. 6 Integration of marginal fields pre-determined fixed inlet 6 The transformer The engineers proposed or remote tie-backs to existing pressure level. 6 The low voltage distribution multiphase pumps as a cost facilities. For the installation of the board.  effective technology to transport 6 Segregated production multiphase pump the operators multiphase fluid via a single schemes of medium and low chose production facilities on a www.leistritz.com S09 ORA 3 2018 Editorial 02_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 13/06/2018 08:08 Page 37 S09 ORA 3 2018 Editorial 02_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 12/06/2018 11:33 Page 38

38 INTERVIEW ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

OPTIMISM ABOUNDS FOR THE NIGERIAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

Taiwo Togun, chief operating officer, Prime Atlantic Group, talks to Oil Review Africa about the company’s major achievements, including a certified training programme for offshore workers, which has helped more than 800 people so far.

Please tell us more about Prime services while building capacity locally. We Atlantic Cegelec. have trained and certified operations and Prime Atlantic Cegelec is a partnership maintenance technicians who are now between Prime Atlantic Nigeria Limited and employed in international oil companies. Vinci Energies Oil & Gas (previously Cegelec). PACE has also trained more than 100 The company started in 2005 with a training commissioning technicians involved in center in Ogere in Ogun State to train various projects across the country. While the operation and maintenance technicians for the company started in 2007 with five Nigerian Chevron Agbami FPSO. The joint-venture staff, 180 national employees are now Prime Atlantic Cegelec Nigeria Limited contributing to its success. (PACE) was created in 2007. The objective of the partnership is to deliver high standard Is the outlook for Nigerian oil and gas services to the oil and gas industry leveraging optimistic? Cegelec expertise and referencing Prime The plunge in the crude oil prices was a Atlantic’s extensive knowledge as a service difficult time for Nigeria. However, the provider to the Nigerian Oil and Gas industry. combination of growth of national capacity,

PACE started its activities in training and soon Atlantic Image Credit: Prime the strong level of proven crude oil reserves successfully broadened its reach into and the recent increase of crude oil price has maintenance and inspection of Taiwo Togun, COO of Prime Atlantic Group. led the different stakeholders of the industry projects, execution of projects and to be optimistic for the future. commissioning activities. comprise of engineers, supervisors and technicians. What about CSR projects? What are some of the major projects you It has always been our will to give back have executed? What are some of your major especially to the children who represent the Some of the major projects we have excecuted achievements? future. PACE has sponsored school programs are the commissioning and engineering on Our OPITO (Offshore Petroleum Industry by buying books, dictionaries, furniture and OFON-2 wellhead platforms. On the USAN Training Organisation) certified training computers, and have also upgraded some FPSO, we performed all the maintenance and programme. Through the programme, we school buildings in Lagos state and inspection works during its construction, and, have been able to contribute to the building of Ogun state. for the last six years, been executing the local competences as over 800 students have general maintenance contract which involves been trained to become operations and What future plans does Prime Atlantic Instrumentation, Electrical, HVAC and maintenance technicians for the Akpo and Cegelec have? Mechanical works. The maintenance expertise Agbami FPSOs. The curriculum includes PACE wants to grow its maintenance concept offered by PACE was recognised for the Egina extensive training in instrumentation, systems, and know-how in NOCs. There are a FPSO for which PACE, with the support of electrical, HSE, mechanical, process and number of advantages to indicate this Actemium Oil and Gas, mobilised 15 behavioral courses. maintenance concept is invaluable, such as Engineers to Korea over three years to execute Our involvement in the successful cost control, better performance and the maintenance and inspection engineering execution of major contracts on various availability, safety culture, respect for the Contract for the pre-commissioning phase of FPSOs in Nigeria is also significant. environment and local content capacity the FPSO. In addition, PACE is executing the building. We strongly believe that it will commissioning of the Egina FPSO at Ladol Can you talk about capacity building? ultimately be beneficial for the oil and gas Nigeria, involving about 180 personnel which The objective of PACE is to provide high level industry and Nigerians.  S10 ORA 3 2018 Innovations_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 14:59 Page 39

ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM RIG COUNT 39

AFRICAN RIG COUNT

COUNTRY April 2017 March 2018 April 2018 Annual change

ALGERIA 40 41 40 0.0% ANGOLA 4 3 2 -50% CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE) 1 2 3 200% GABON 1 3 4 300% KENYA 1 1 1 0.0% LIBYA 0 0 0 N/A NIGERIA 10 12 13 30% SOUTH AFRICA 0 0 0 N/A TUNISIA 0 2 2 200% OTHER AFRICA 3 3 6 100% AFRICA (TOTAL) 60 67 71 18.3% Source: EnergyEconomist.com

Enhanced reservoir software offers more robust risk analysis and reserves estimates for E&P operators

EMERSON HAS LAUNCHED the reservoir simulator. This Roxar Tempest 8.2, which is the leads to a better understanding of latest version of its reservoir the reservoir geometry, more management software, bringing robust reserves estimations, and advanced uncertainty analysis better-informed decisions for tools and increased support to future field development the Big Loop workflow and scenarios. robust risk analysis and reserves Users of Tempest 8.2 may also estimates across the seismic to benefit from additional post simulation workflow. processing capabilities through This adds to Emerson’s end to Tempest VIEW. These include end exploration & production full support for the latest CMG

(E&P) software portfolio, helping Image Credit: Emerson simulator output, direct creation operators boost performance and Better visualisation for E&P operators. of PowerPoint presentations and project certainty on investment improved streamline analysis and and operational goals within new PBS and UGE, and it is easier to enhanced. All results can be fault visualisation. and established reservoirs. connect other third party and visualised in the Tempest Roxar Tempest, which runs Enhancements to the Big internal applications into the VIEW module. on Windows and Linux and Loop workflow within Tempest workflow. Post processing and The Big Loop workflow is the operates alongside Emerson’s ENABLE, Emerson’s uncertainty analysis of the Big Loop cornerstone of Emerson’s reservoir characterisation and management and history ensembles is also now reservoir characterisation and modelling solution Roxar RMS, is matching module, centre on fully integrated. modelling process, tightly an integrated software suite that greater connectivity to other IT Tempest MORE 8.2, the integrating the static and provides a wide range of reservoir ecosystems, leading to the closer reservoir simulator, can now dynamic domains and engineering features and is used integration of geology and handle gas liquid recovery plants, propagating uncertainties from in hundreds of installations engineering, simpler workflow enabling the calculating of liquid seismic characterisation through worldwide. All modules can be setup and improved risk and petroleum gas (LPG) and natural to geological modelling and deployed together or separately uncertainty analysis. gas liquids (NGLs) production. simulation. Reservoir within third-party simulation To this end, the system now In addition, the modelling of the uncertainties are captured and workflows. supports the Nexus* and CMG physical processes for near well varied as input parameters, simulators, several cluster bore flow and for multiple creating an ensemble of realistic www.emerson.com/Reservoir queueing systems, such as LSF, simultaneous fluid types is reservoir models that all feed into Engineering S10 ORA 3 2018 Innovations_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 12/06/2018 11:35 Page 40

40 INNOVATIONS ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

Project on ergonomics for offshore workers Total’s IT on helicopters recognised with award research for

THE RESULTS OF a ground- oil, gas and breaking project into the body sizes of UK offshore workers on beyond board various helicopter crafts has been recognised with an TOTAL HAS COMMENCED a award for outstanding three-way research collaboration contribution to ergonomics. with Stanford University’s School The three-month study was a of Earth, Energy & Environmental joint project by Robert Gordon Sciences (Stanford Earth) and University (RGU) and Step Lawrence Livermore National Change in Safety, in response to a Laboratory (LLNL) on the FC- mandate from the Civil Aviation MAELSTROM project.

Authority to ensure offshore Image Credit: Robert Gordon University The research will focus on workers were sitting adjacent to Researchers Dr Arthur Stewart, Emily Taylor and Robert Ledingham. developing integrated algorithms windows through which they and numerical methods for next- could make an emergency escape. maximised the probability of Human Factors, for outstanding generation supercomputer The project involved successful escape, following and innovative contributions to architectures to advance measuring the shoulders of a concerns about window egress in the field. The study was led by Dr computational engineering 75,000 strong workforce to an emergency situation. Arthur Stewart, from RGU’s sciences. This project is part of establish how many were Following the project’s School of Health Sciences, who Total’s ambition to be among the designated as ‘XBR’ or ‘extra completion, the team was has previously been recognised leaders of CCUS technologies; broad’. With these figures in awarded the William Floyd for his ongoing work into the size more precisely it will help to mind, the team would be able to Award from the Chartered and shape of the North Sea develop a new research simulator advise seating logistics which Institute of Ergonomics and offshore workforce. for modeling operations in geological formations. Total’s investment and expenses in this significant effort represent more Independent reservoir analysis system uses than US$20m over 5 years, supported by Total R&D. pulsed-neutron technology “For Total, the spectrum of applications is very broad and PROBE, A SUPPLIER of logging and reservoir neutron technology to measure reservoir fluids corresponds to any business monitoring technology to the global oil and gas and behind casing and well tubulars. This technology is where operations impact geothermal industries, announced the RAS pulsed- applied to monitor fluid contacts in the reservoir, subsurface,” says Philippe neutron tool, a three-detector system that uses sigma diagnose production problems and to locate Cordier, who is in charge of R&D and carbon-oxygen (C/O) techniques to measure bypassed pay zones. Numerical programme. reservoir fluid saturation of oil, water and gas. Full-function pulsed-neutron reservoir One of the first identified The ability to accurately and reliably monitor monitoring tools that employ sigma logging and C/O applications of this research reservoir conditions is an ongoing challenge for spectroscopy have been available from the major project is geological COC storage operators and service companies alike. For years, the wireline service companies. “Operators and smaller at gigatonne scale needed to meet industry has relied upon systems that employ pulsed wireline service companies had no alternative but to the 2°C scenario. Anticipating use the tools offered by a few major players,” potential events is key to said Federico Casavantes, president and providing safe and acceptable CEO of Probe. “Consequently, demand for a operations. Total believes that the full-function pulsed-neutron tool from an use of HPC and dedicated

Image Credit: Probe independent supplier, that could offer the simulators are critical in this same – or better – reservoir saturation data, context. This joint research effort continued to escalate. This demand was also will constitute an opportunity to being driven by market dynamics which tackle this area of research. The greatly favoured tool reliability, long-life and project supports the development low total cost of ownership, all of which we of a critical mass of research are now able to fully address.” scientists and engineers with core competencies in applied The pulsed-neutron tool will help in monitoring reservoir conditions. www.probe1.com computational science. S10 ORA 3 2018 Innovations_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 13/06/2018 08:13 Page 41

ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM INNOVATIONS 41

Latest version of Pipeline Toolbox launched in Houston

TECHNICAL TOOLBOXES HAS inspectors have been able to released Version 19.0 of its design, build and maintain flagship product, The Pipeline today’s pipelines and help deliver Toolbox. The Pipeline Toolbox much needed energy and V19 features a range of improved petroleum products to our calculations and applications, growing world.” which improve the user “We are guiding customers on experience, along with an their migration to the new embedded new license manager platform, where they will have that strengthens security and access to the most up-to-date enables visibility of The Pipeline industry calculations and Toolbox utility to better service applications,” Lafleur continued. client needs and identify “The Pipeline Toolbox V19 will, opportunities to grow in turn, drive the development of

functionality within their Image Credit: Ken Kistler our next generation Digital businesses. The latest software can improve pipeline management at all project stages. Toolbox, where we will address Drew Lafleur, chief much needed data, application technology officer, Technical tool for the design, construction, 230 unique pipeline-specific oil and workflow needs in our Toolboxes, said, “The Pipeline operations and integrity of and gas applications and various pipeline businesses and Toolbox has been the industry pipelines worldwide for more calculations, engineers, drive the pipeline industry well standard calculation and analysis than 20 years. With its more than contractors, operators and into the 21st Century.”

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42 VALUE CHAIN ISSUE 3 2018 • WWW.OILREVIEWAFRICA.COM

MEETING THE NEEDS OF CLIENTS ALONG THE ENTIRE VALUE CHAIN

Andy M. Morton, oil, gas and chemical services business manager, talks to Oil Review Africa about how SGS Inspection Services is working closely with upstream and downstream clients in a competitive marketplace.

What services are popular among monitoring for locating vessels and samples upstream clients? in transit have helped optimise our service For upstream clients, the most popular services to clients. The transition from hand-written currently are M&I (metering and reporting and telex nominations through to instrumentation) and Laboratory services. desk top computers with fax machines and Metering and measuring services accurately now on to laptops and tablets with measure the amount of hydrocarbons extracted smartphones and internet access has and produced, and with instrumentation revolutionised the inspection industry over services, our qualified technical staff provide the past three decades. calibration, maintenance and overhaul services for valves, and meters to enable reliable and safe How important is safety? operation of hydrocarbon systems. Safety is paramount. We have 15 rules for Laboratory services, including technical life to keep our people safe, always. These support, operations management, technical are based on the risks we have identified staff, equipment and facility rental, are popular within the industries where we work. These too. Locally, we are looking to expand our rules have to be obeyed by everyone laboratory services to include sample conducting work on behalf of SGS. Safety management, reservoir fluids analysis using the meetings are conducted at least on a weekly pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) basis at all sites. Safety is analysed from the equipment and introduce other services, outset at personal and business levels via our including wireline and slickline well operational integrity team and our risk intervention and SGS Horizon covering Image Credit: SGS Inspection management internal control strategy. We Andy M. Morton explains how to maximise value subsurface and engineering aspects. for upstream and downstream sectors. have a risk management plan in place and consider potential risks and events before What about services for downstream clients? the crude to produce petroleum products for they happen. The biggest service by far is quality and national consumption. This should mean a quantity supervision and certification of reduction in historical business of quality Are you optimistic with the improved custody transfers of bulk petroleum cargoes for and quantity shipping inspections. oil price? import and export. The most common of these However, refinery-building will create We are always optimistic. Highs and lows are offshore ship-to-ship petroleum operations opportunities for our other sectors such as bring their own challenges. Our experience where larger vessels, too big to dock in port, our industrial and environment, health & and proactive approach means we are discharge product to smaller vessels that can safety divisions through their design, constantly looking beyond customers’ and offload in port. As specifications for individual commissioning, start up and continuous society’s expectations in order to deliver products vary from location to location, operations. OGC services will evolve to market leading services wherever they laboratory analysis to ensure that the product incorporate innovative services such as fuel are needed. conforms to specification is very important. integrity and retail. These services focus on We provide innovative services and the end consumer, assuring product quality solutions for every part of the oil and gas Will an increased focus on refinery-building at petrol pumps. industry. Our reputation for independence, in Nigeria help downstream business? excellence and innovation have established There will be fewer What technology is helping you offer us as the market leaders in providing imports and fewer crude oil exports as the optimal service? services that improve efficiency, reduce risk refineries, once operational, will be processing Digital communications, wi-fi, GPS and deliver competitive advantage.  S11 ORA 3 2018 Interview_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 15:07 Page 43 S11 ORA 3 2018 Interview_ORA Master Template - 2016 New 11/06/2018 15:07 Page 44