Regional Workshop on Radon in Workplaces as an Element of a National Radon Action Plan, Tallinn, Estonia, 23-27 May 2016

Serbian experience in radon measurements at the workplaces

Radon Working Group Developing national radon action plan in Serbia Institutional framework

Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection

Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development

Ministry of Construction, Transport and Infrastructure

Ministry of Health

Serbian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (SRPNA) Developing national radon action plan in Serbia Radon in national legislation

¥ Programme of systematic environmental radioactivity examination establishes locations and number of measurements of indoor radon ¥ Rulebook on limits of exposure to ionizing radiation and measurements for assessment the exposure levels (Official Gazzete of RS No. 86/11) establishes action levels for radon in workplaces to 1000Bq/m3, and action levels for chronic exposure to radon in homes to 200Bq/m3 for newly built and 400Bq/m3 for existing buildings . RADON MEASUREMENTS AT THE WORKPLACES IN SERBIA

Data provided by the follow institutions in Serbia:

• Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade

• Vinča Institute of Nuclear Science, University of Belgrade - Radiation and Environmental Protection Department - Department for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, ECE Laboratory

• Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad

• Serbian Institute of Occupational Health „dr Dragomir Karajović“, Belgrade

• Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, ECE Laboratory, Belgrade, Serbia Dr Zora S. Žunić

- Serbian indoor radon survey was based on measurements made in primary schools only, within research projects at the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia. The first phase started in August 2008 and has so far included 340 schools within 13 communities in three districts in South Serbia (Jablanicki, Pcinjski and Zajecarski district). In the last community Sjenica in the West Serbia, 37 schools have been investigated in the period (2014-2015).

- The radon concentration measurements have been carried out in cooperation with an Italian research team led by the Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy (Dr Francesco Bochicchio, head, Carmen Carpentieri, Gennaro Venoso, Sara Antignani), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba , Japan (Dr Ishikawa Tetsuo, Yasutaka Omori, Dr Shinji Tokonami, head), Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India, (Dr Rosaline Mishra and Dr Y.Mayya, head), EU Joint Reserach Center (Tore Tollefsen-unofficial collaboration, consulting person) and Dr Peter Bossew, from the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Berlin, Germany. DETECTORS RADUET Type of Radio- Used in Origin detector nuclide period: Chiba, •1998.-1999. UFO Rn/Tn Japan •2003. - 2007. Chiba, RADUET Rn/Tn •2005.-2012. Japan CR-39 ISS, Rn •2008.-2012. CR-39 ISS Italy BABHA Rn/Tn Rn/Tn Center, •2010.-2012. progeny progeny India

UFO

Rn/Tn progeny Radon measurements protocol in schools of Serbia – the activities from May 2008 to 2011

ORGANIZATION

CONTACTS

CONTRACTS

FIELD WORK

FIELD ACTIVITY REPORTS

DETECTORS DELIVERY LABORATORY WORK

RESULTS

MAPPING Preparation before field work in schools II Administrative implementation I Design implementation •Contact with municipality: Rn survey performed in exchange for logistic support

Logistical implementation III Logistical implementation •Visiting of the area, deployment/collection of detectors, informing local authorities about progress •Select schools; In schools: select room; In room: select location. Communicate to teachers: purpose, method, how to treat the detectors, etc. Field work in schools

Protocol and database

Each site is represented by a file consisting of protocol (one for each visit) and data sheet.

The protocol includes for following data: • Site: district, municipality, village, name of school; • GPS coordinates (map if available) • Type of room, floor level, location of detector in the room; • Date of detector deployment or collection; • Detector codes; • (observations, remarks).

Information on school and municipality: • School: construction year, construction type (building material), photo; • School: number of pupils and teachers; • Municipality: area and population of municipality, number of schools; • Administrative data and documents. Annual radon concentration Summary for each district N Average StDev StErr Min Max Median GM Region GSD schools (Bq/m 3) (Bq/m 3) (Bq/m 3) (Bq/m 3) (Bq/m 3) (Bq/m 3) (Bq/m 3) Zaječarski 26 87 45 9 37 202 73 78 1.6 Jablanički 91 93 46 5 17 289 86 84 1.6 Pčinjski 210 134 88 6 27 607 109 111 1.9 Total 327 119 78 4 17 607 97 100 1.8 Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department for Nuclear and Plasma Physics, ECE Laboratory, Belgrade, Serbia Dr Zora S. Žunić

The essential discussion considering radon in schools included the questions such as follows: - summary of design, methodology of sampling and field survey in schools of Serbia; - radon concentration measurement methodology (detector etching and track counting, uncertainty analysis, quality assurance); - logistical difficulties and how to proceed with the survey; - to which degree can radon measurement in schools be considered representative of the population exposure to radon in dwellings? - how to evaluate the relationship between radon measurement in schools and in dwellings? - how to achieve an evaluation of spatial distribution of radon concentration based on the available data? Performed by Serbian Institute of Occupational Health “ Dr Dragomir Karajović” Vesna Arsić Jovana Ilić METHOD: EERF Standard Operating Procedures for Radon- 222 Measurement Using Charcoal Canisters“, (EPA 520/5-87- 005, Gray D.J, Windham S.T, 1987., United States Environmental Protection Agency, Montgomery, 1987) Distribution of average radon concentration in schools and kindergartens in municipalities of Belgrade

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0 Percentage distribution of radon concentration in schools and kindergartens in Belgrade 2010-2013

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< od 200 Bq/m3 79% 200-400 Bq/m3 > 400 Bq/m3 Radon concentration in post offices of Subotica region )

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0 Pošta 1 Pošta 3 Pošta 5 Pošta 6 Pošta 7 Pošta 9 Pošta Pošta 10 Pošta 11 Pošta 12 Pošta 13 Pošta 14 Pošta 15 Pošta 16 Pošta 18 Pošta TT centar TT Radon activity (Bq/m3 concentration Upavna zgrada Upavna Pošta 2, magacin 2, Pošta Pošta 2, magacin štamparije magacin 2, Pošta Radon concentration in post offices of Subotica region (measurement locations)

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50 Radon concentration activity (Bq/m3) 0 Mol Ada Palić Pačir Bajša Orom Utrine Bikovo Đurđin Senta 1 Senta Kanjiža Feketić Senta 2 Senta Horgoš Bajmok Tornjoš Kelebija Adorjan Čantavir Gunaroš Tavankut Lovćenac Mali Iđoš Mali Martonoš Trešnjevac Hajdukovo Gornji Breg Gornji Male Pijace Male Novi Žednik Novi Stari Žednik Stari Novo Orahovo Novo Stara Moravica Stara Bački Vinogradi Bački Bačka Topola-blgajna Bačka Bačka Topola-garderoba Bačka Radon concentration in post offices of Vranje region

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0 Džep Bistar Stubal Biljača Božica Klisura Klenike Vranje-1 Vranje-5 Vranje-3 Vranje-4 Ristovac Sveti Ilija Sveti Vranje-1a Surdulica Trgovište Korbevac Preševo-1 Kriva Feja Kriva Preševo-3 Bujanovac Bosilegrad Vlasina Rid Vlasina Grnja Lisina Grnja Vladičin Han Vladičin Donja Ljubata Donja Veliki Trnovac Veliki Vranjska Banja Vranjska Radon concentration in theatre “Atelje 212”

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adon concentration activity (Bq/m3) 10 R

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0 Stolarska Mala Garderoba Biletarnica Gornji Balkon Probna Umetnički Hinter radionica scena foaje sala sekretar bina Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Radiation and Environmental Protection Department, Belgrade, Serbia Dr Gordana Pantelić

− = G B A Rn tCf Df Ef

G - total number of counts in the ROI, between 270 keV and 720 keV, (Cpm), B - total number of counts in the same ROI of the background spectrum,

Cf - calibration factor specific for radon detector (expressed in l/min),

Df - decay factor, used to correct for radon decay and

Ef - gamma spectrometer efficiency (expressed in Cpm/Bq) Radon concentration - working place (Bq/m3)

2012 2013 2014 2015 Min 50 13 23 33 Average 270 ± 310 60 ± 54 50 ± 30 200 ± 100 Max 833 266 95 370

Accredited laboratory: Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Radiation and Environmental Protection Department, Belgrade, Serbia Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia Dr Sofija Forkapić

Indoor radon measurements in 50 kindergartens and schools in Novi Sad

Radionuclide Measurements statistics (in Bq m−3) Standard σ of Geo. Max. Min. Mean Geo. mean deviation mean 222 Rn 250 2.7 50.2 52 31.1 2.8 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac

Prof. Dr Dragoslav Nikezić

RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN SCHOOLS AND KINDERGARTENS IN KRAGUJEVAC CITY, CENTRAL SERBIA

- Radon concentration was measured using passive discriminative radon/thoron dosimeters (UFO) developed at NIRS, Chiba, Japan - Two UFO chambers were distributed to each school or kindergarten. Classrooms on the lowest floors were chosen for monitoring. Detectors were usually placed on lockers or shelves, at least 20 cm distant from walls and at least 1 m above the ground. The exposure lasted for three months, from November 2013 to February 2014. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac

Prof. Dr Dragoslav Nikezić

RESULTS

Min. Max. AM GM SD GSD Median 25 145 59.6 55.1 25.6 1.18 54.5

Descriptive statistics of radon activity concentration (Bq m-3) AM = arithmetic mean; GM = geometric mean; SD = standard deviation; GSD = geometric standard deviation Low-Background Laboratory for Nuclear Physics Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Dr Vladimir Udovičić

Continuous Radon Monitor Device Sun Nuclear - model 1029: The short-term radon measurements are performed with SN1029 radon monitor (manufactured by the Sun Nuclear Corporation, NRSB approval- code 31822). The characteristics of the SN1029 radon monitor declaried by the manufacturer are: the measurement range from 1 Bqm-3 to 99.99 kBqm-3, accuracy equal to ±25%, sensitivity of 0.16 counts/hour per Bq/m3. Short-Term Radon Measurements in Bogovina cave

Rn = 3723.9 Bqm-3

Rn = 2164.5 Bqm-3 Short-Term Radon Measurements in the student amphitheater at the Singidunum University THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION