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Tunnel Accident Data and Review of Accident Investigation Methodologies

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Tunnel Accident Data and Review of Accident Investigation Methodologies SafeT Work package 4 D4.5 report First Deliverable to EU Part I Tunnel accident data and review of accident investigation methodologies Author: Christian D’Alessio (SESM) Francesca Matarese (SESM) Ilaria Neri (SESM) Version: March 2005 Index 1. Introduction......................................................................................3 2. Methodology ....................................................................................4 3. References........................................................................................5 4. Accidents..........................................................................................7 4.1. Road Accidents..................................................................7 4.2. Rail Accidents..................................................................63 4.3. Metro Accidents...............................................................91 5. Tunnel Accident Investigations ...................................................122 5.1. Methods and Methodologies..........................................122 5.2. Accident Investigation Problems ...................................123 5.3. Accident Perceptions.....................................................125 5.4. Accident Investigation Processes...................................126 5.5. Accident Investigation Methodologies ..........................129 5.6. Accident Investigation Outputs......................................132 5.7. Relationships Among Findings......................................133 5.8. Conclusions....................................................................134 1. Introduction The aim of this document is to provide a data collection on tunnel accidents. Any available document regarding road, metro and rail accidents has been analyzed in order to obtain information on the accidents in various kinds of tunnels. Different types of information, necessary to study this problem (tunnel structure, accidents causes, number of deaths and injured, etc.), have been collected. The information in the tables below is based on the available information from the Internet and Media sources and is therefore subject to the reliability of those sources. This report is an output of the European Project Safe-T. It gives an overview about the investigation and evaluation of relevant tunnel accidents in road, train & metro tunnels. This task is part of Work Package 4 “Post accident investigation and evaluation”: “Task 4.1: Collection of relevant tunnel incidents information” T4.1 will collect all the available documents, reports, official relations and technical descriptions regarding accidents in tunnels in the different transport modes (rail, road and metro). Besides the data on the accident itself, information on the methodologies of investigation will also be collected. The report consists of the following topics: • collection of data about Road Accidents • collection of data about Rail Accidents • collection of data about Metro Accidents • incident and accident investigation methodologies. The emphasis is placed on accident investigations methodologies in road, train & metro tunnels. Task 4.1 gives recommendations to supplement the actual EU Directive, to improve safety management in tunnels, including organisational and institutional issues such as incident and accident investigations. 3 2. Methodology The methodology used for data collection consists basically in web researches. Many different databases and other sources have been consulted. A template structure containing all the information necessary for a complete description of the tunnel accident problem has been defined. The information gained on the web has been used to fill the template. Reporting all the available information in a common structure allows an easy management of data in terms of both consultation and future insertion of nowadays missing information. A template has been filled for each tunnel accident with data such as: • Date of accident; • Country; • Tunnel information (length, control center, etc.); • Accident Profile (number of deaths and injured, tunnel damages, etc.); • Comments on the accident and relative source. For some accidents has been quite easy to find a lot of documentation that allowed a complete fulfillment of the corresponding template, for others, instead, not all the information needed has been found thus leading to a partial fulfillment of the corresponding template. 4 3. References The sources used to collect accident data are the followings: [1] Fire in Tunnel (FIT) http://www.etnfit.net/ [2] Feuerwehr Wettingen http://www.feuerwehr-wettingen.ch/baregg04a.htm [3] ANPI magazine n°169 March 2004. [4] ANPI magazine n°171 June 2004. [5] NFPA Journal, May/June 2003 issue, p46/47. [6] The World’s longest tunnel page http://home.no.net/lotsberg/index.html [7] CNN web site http://www.cnn.com/2000/TRAVEL/NEWS/11/27/norway.tunnel.reut [8] Tunnel Management International, Oct 1999, p6 [9] STUVA-Studiengesellschaft für unterirdische Verkehrsanlagen (Research Association for Underground Transportation) http://www.stuva.de/ [10] BBC web site http://www.bbc.co.uk [11] New York Times, 20/04/2004. [12] MTA web site http://www.mtala.com/files/fire.html The time period covered is from year 1842 to 2004 and accidents considered are from all over the world. The principle database queried is the FIT one. Data available are not completed in details and, apart from the most known tunnels, no information about the type of tunnel (such as bidirectionality, time of accidents, traffic intensity, etc.) are available. So, the accident templates reported below are not completed but, since they refer to a large number of accidents, they can be however helpful to statistical analysis. References for the accidents and incidents investigation methodologies are the followings: [13] The Editor's Cornered, ISASI forum, Vol. 14:2, Summer 1981. [14] "Disagreement about Tenerife Crash," Foresight, August 1981 [15] Petitions from Air Line Pilots Association to the National Transportation Safety Board, June 9,1980 and June 15, 1981. 5 [16] The President's Task Force on Aircraft Crew Complement, Report of the Mishap Analysis Panel Working Group Concerning the Boeing Study, "Jet Transport Safety Record, May 5, 1981. [17] Report of the President's Commission on The Accident At Three Mile Island, The Need For Change: The Legacy of TMI, October, 1979. [18] Ferry, T.S., "Modern Accident Investigation and Analysis: An Executive Guide," John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981 [19] Benner, L., "Accident Theory and Accident Investigation," Proceedings of the ISASI Annual Seminar, Ottawa, Canada, 7-9 October, 1975. [20] Benner, L., "Accident Perceptions: A Case for New Perceptions and Methodologies", SAE Transactions, Vol. 89, 1980. [21] NTSB "Survival in Hazardous Materials Accidents", Report HZM-80-4, 1980. 6 4. Accidents 4.1. Road Accidents CH-2004-06-22 Time, date and location 2004/06/22, Switzerland of accident Tunnel Profile Name of tunnel Naxberg tunnel, on A2 motorway near Göschenen Length of tunnel 515 m Operator ? Configuration Motorway. Transport of dangerous ? goods Accident Profile Accident type Fire. Vehicles involved 1 car and 1 truck. Initiating event ? Cause of initiating The car collided the truck at the front then caught a fire. event Emergency and ? intervention measures Human : 1 injured (car driver) / Economic: damage estimated Consequences 40.000 CHF. Fire quickly put under control. A2 motorway closed 1 hour in one way. Comments Source Fire in Tunnel (FIT) http://www.etnfit.net / CH-2004-04-14 Time, date and location 2004/04/14, Switzerland of accident Tunnel Profile Name of tunnel Baregg tunnel Length of tunnel 1.080 m Operator ? Configuration ? 7 Transport of dangerous ? goods Accident Profile Accident type Fire Vehicles involved 1 car and 1 truck. Initiating event ? Cause of initiating ? event Emergency and ? intervention measures Consequences Human: 1 death and 1 injured. Comments Source Feuerwehr Wettingen http://www.feuerwehr- wettingen.ch/baregg04a.htm CH-2004-03-25 Time, date and location 2004/03/25, Switzerland of accident Tunnel Profile Name of tunnel St. Gotthard tunnel Length of tunnel 16.920 m Operator ? Configuration ? Transport of dangerous ? goods Accident Profile Accident type Fire Vehicles involved 1 coach. Initiating event ? Cause of initiating ? event Emergency and ? intervention measures Consequences Traffic jam at Northern portal. Comments Source Fire in Tunnel (FIT) http://www.etnfit.net/ 8 CH-2004-03-12 Time, date and location 2004/03/12, Switzerland of accident Tunnel Profile Name of tunnel St. Gotthard tunnel Length of tunnel 16.920 m Operator ? Configuration ? Transport of dangerous ? goods Accident Profile Accident type Fire Vehicles involved 1 truck. Initiating event ? Cause of initiating ? event Emergency and Users invited to get sheltered in refuges. intervention measures Economic : tunnel closed during 40 minutes following the Consequences incident Comments Source Fire in Tunnel (FIT) http://www.etnfit.net/ CH-2004-03-03 Time, date and location 2004/03/03, Switzerland of accident Tunnel Profile Name of tunnel Bargias tunnel (A 13) near Zillis, Grisons Length of tunnel 416 m Operator ? Configuration ? Transport of dangerous ? goods Accident Profile Accident type Fire. Vehicles involved Trailer truck. Initiating event ? 9 Cause of initiating Fire started in the engine compartment, cabin fully destroyed. event Emergency and ? intervention measures Consequences No. Comments Source Fire in Tunnel (FIT) http://www.etnfit.net
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