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Historyczny Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego Instytut Archeologii Justyna Wydział Filozoficzno – Historyczny Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego Instytut Archeologii Justyna Karolina Dworniak Wizerunek Medei w greckim malarstwie wazowym od VII do IV w. p.n.e. na podstawie zabytków archeologicznych występujących na terenach Etrurii, Attyki i Μεγάλη Ἑλλάς. Praca doktorska napisana pod kierunkiem prof. Ilony Skupińskiej – Løvset. Łódź 2017 Podziękowania Pragnę podziękować przede wszystkim mojemu opiekunowi i zarazem promotorowi Profesor Ilonie Skupińskiej- Løvset za umożliwienie mi napisania rozprawy doktorskiej pod swoimi auspicjami, a także za cenne rady i okazaną pomoc, jak również zachętę do pracy. Chciałabym podziękować Profesorowi Kazimierzowi Korusowi i Profesor Joannie Komorowskiej za cenne uwagi dotyczące kwestii filologicznych i literaturoznawczych. Podziękowania należą się także Annie Gębarowskiej za tłumaczenia z języka francuskiego. dr Ewie Kubiak, mgr Jadwidze Sieroń i Izabeli Rott za korektę językową i czas poświęcony na przeczytanie tak obszernego tekstu. Dziękuję również mgr Adamowi Jarychowi, który jako pierwszy zapoznał się z tekstem rozprawy i naniósł swoje poprawki oraz za okazaną cierpliwość i wsparcie na każdym etapie powstawania pracy. Specjalne podziękowania należą się moim Rodzicom za ich wiarę we mnie oraz mobilizację do działania – to Im dedykuję tę pracę. 2 Nota edytorska Termin „wazy‖ użyty w rozprawie jest określeniem zastosowanym w archeologii, oznaczającym każde naczynie, a zwłaszcza gliniane. Tym samym w rozprawie używam go wymiennie z nazwami danych wyrobów ceramicznych. Ponadto stosuję greckie terminy zapisane zarówno po polsku, grecku czy po łacinie, aby uniknąć powtórzeń. Dla zachowania klarowności tekstu używałam głównie rzeczowników pochodzących z języka greckiego i łacińskiego w nominatiwie liczby pojedynczej i mnogiej, z uwagi na fakt, że odmieniane słowa z tych języków brzmiały źle w momencie zestawienia ich z polską fonetyką. Skróty imion i dzieł autorów antycznych zostały podane na podstawie: H.G. Liddell, R. Scott, H.S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon, Oxford 1996 oraz Oxford Classical Dictionary, S. Hornblower, A. Spawforth, E. Eidinow (ed.), Oxford 2012. Część pracy została już opublikowana w formie artykułu: Innowacje mitograficzne za sprawą tragedii. Wpływ tragedii Eurypidesa na malarstwo wazowe w IV w. p.n.e., [w:] Innowacje w kulturze na przestrzeni dziejów, J. Kołat, A. Świerczek, S. Wyszogrodzka (red.), Kraków 2016. Oprócz przedstawień Medei, które zostały wyodrębnione w malarstwie wazowym, pojawiły się jej inne prezentacje, które nie były związane z żadną tradycją omówioną w dysertacji. Dlatego, żeby nie burzyć obranego schematu te wizerunki heroiny zostały umieszczone w tabeli na końcu pracy. 3 Spis treści Podziękowania………………………………………………………………………………………..2 Nota edytorska………………………………………………………………………………………...3 Wykaz skrótów użytych w pracy…………………………………………………………………...6 Wprowadzenie……………………………………………………………………………………….15 Rozdział I……………………………………………………………………………………………..23 Greckie źródła literackie do poznania mitu o Medei Rozdział II……………………………………………………………………………………………46 Medea i węże (δράκοντες) oraz Medea jako czarodziejka (φαρμακίς) – przedstawienie wizerunku Kolchijki w ikonografii malarstwa wazowego w VII w. p.n.e. z terenów Etrurii. Rozdział III…………………………………………………………………………………………...75 Wizerunek Medei w attyckim malarstwie wazowym od 530 r. p.n.e. do roku 420 p.n.e. 3.1. Medea i węże (δράκοντες) - kobieca głowa flankowana dwoma wężami…………...........77 3.2. Baran (κριός) i kocioł (λέβης) oraz Medea, Pelias i Peliady – czyli rytuał odmłodzenia..85 3.3. Medea jako gotująca ludzi (ἑψάνδρα) - motyw odmłodzenia Jazona lub Ajzona……..…142 Rozdział IV………………………………………………………………………………………….154 Ἀργὼ πᾶσι μέλουσα, παρ᾽ Αἰήταο πλέουσα – Argo znana wśród wszystkich czyli Medea, Jazon i Argonauci w attyckim malarstwie wazowym w latach 450 - 390 p.n.e 4.1. Kolchijska czarodziejka i śmierć Talosa…………………………………………………...…156 4.2. Medea i przybywający na Kolchidę Argonauci………………………………………….....172 Rozdział V…………………………………………………………………………………………..182 Mit Medei w malarstwie wazowym z terenów Wielkiej Grecji (Μεγάλη ἗λλάς) w latach 415 p.n.e. – 310 p.n.e. 5.1. Medea, Argonauci i smok z Kolchidy (Δρακων Κολχικος)………………………………..186 5.2. Medea, bovus i Jazon………………………………………………………………………...…208 5.3. Medea towarzysząca Jazonowi w przekazaniu złotego runa Peliasowi lub Ajetesowi...216 Rozdział VI………………………………………………………………………………………….220 Mit (Μῦθος) i tragedia (τραγῳδία) - Medea w attyckim i południowoitalskim malarstwie wazowym od II poł. V do końca IV w. p.n.e. Motywy ikonograficzne uwarunkowane wpływem tragedii 6.1. Medea jako królowa Aten – czyli czarodziejka, Tezeusz, byk i Aigeus. Malarstwo attyckie i południowoitalskie……………………………………………………………………...224 6.2. Medea jako królowa Aten – rozpoznanie Tezeusza przez Aigeusa……………………....251 4 6.3. Apoteoza (Αποθέωσις) Medei oraz rydwan Heliosa – ucieczka Kolchijki przed gniewem Jazona………………………………………………………………………………………………...256 6.4. Zemsta Medei – czarodziejka, Kreuza i Kreon………………………………………….......268 6.5.Medea jako dzieciobójczyni (παιδολέτειρα)……………………………………………...….272 Zakończenie……………………………………………………………………………………….. 283 Apendix…………………………………………………………………………………………...…..298 Tabela 1 - Greckie źródła literackie do poznania mitu o Medei od VIII w. p.n.e. do II w. n.e…………………………………………………………………………………………………….298 Tabela 2 - Motywy w malarstwie wazowym i ich korelacje ze źródłami literackimi…………………………………………………………………………………………...300 Tabela 3 - Zabytki archeologiczne przedstawione w pracy………………………………...….303 a. Katalog zabytków pochodzące z etruskich manufaktur……………………………….303 b. Katalog zabytków pochodzące z attyckich manufaktur. ……………………………...304 c. Katalog zabytków pochodzące z manufaktur znajdujących się na terenie Megale Hellas……………………………………………………………………………………..…312 Tabela 4 - Katalog zabytków malarstwa wazowego, których sceny z Medeą nawiązują do innej tradycji……………………………………………………………………………………..….319 Bibliografia……………………………………………………………………………….………….321 Źródła ilustracji…………………………………………………………………………………..…351 5 Skróty użyte w pracy Autorzy antyczni Acus. = Acusilaus Alcm. = Alcman Alex. Thrall. = Alexander Thrallinus Medicus Febr. = De febribus Antiph. = Antiphanes Antipho. = Antipho Antim. = Antimachus Eleg. = Fragmenta Elegiaca Anth. Pal. = Athologia Palatina Apollod. = Apollodorus Bib. = Bibliotheca Epit. = Epitome Apul. = Apuleius Met. = Metamorphosis A.R. = Apollonius Rhodius Arg. = Argonautica Ar. = Aristophanes Ec. = Ecclesiazusae Eq. = Equites Lys. = Lysistrata Pax Pl. = Plutus Ra. = Ranae 6 Arist. = Aristoteles Reth. = Rethorica Ath. = Athenaeus Call. = Callimach Aet. = Aetia Hec. = Hecale Canthar. = Cantharus Cic. = Marcus Tullius Cicero leg. Man. = pro lege Manilia ND = de Natura Deorum Sen. = De Senectute Clem. Alex. = Clemens Alexandrinus Strom. = Stromateis Cleon Sic. = Cleon Siculus Lyricus Dicaeog. = Dicaeogenes Dinol. = Dinolochus D.S. = Diodorus Siculus Diog. Ath. = Diogenes Atheniensis D.L. = Diogenes Laertius Dion. Mit. = Dionysius Mitylaenensis Diph. = Diphilus Drac. = Dracontius Med. = Medea Epich. = Epicharmus Erot. = Erotianus Etym. Mag. = Etymologicum Magnum Eub. = Eubulos 7 Eur. = Eurypides Alc. = Alcestis Bacch. = Bacchae Med. = Medea Eumel. = Eumelus Gp. = Geoponica Hdt. = Herodotus Hecat. = Hecataeus Hellanic. = Hellanicus Hermesian. = Hermesianax Herodor. = Herodorus Hes. = Hesiodus Th. = Theogonia Sc. = Scutum Herculis Op. = Opera et Dies Hipp. = Hippys Hom. = Homerus Od. = Odyssea Il. = Ilias Hor. = Horace Carm. = Carmina Sat. = Satirae Hyg. = Hyginus Fab. = Fabulae Poet. astr. = Poetica astronomica Ibyc. = Ibycus Joseph. = Josephus 8 BJ = Bellum Judaicum Liv. = Livius Lykoph. = Lykophron Alex. = Alexandra Macr. = Macrobius Sat. = Saturnalia Mart. = Martialis Melanth. = Melanthius Mimn. = Mimnermus Myrsil. = Myrsilus Myth. Vat. = Mythographi Vaticani Neophr. = Neophron Orph. = Orphica A. = Argonautica Ov. = Ovidius Her. = Heroides Met. = Methamorphoses Tr. = Tristia Palaeph. = Palaephatus Paus. = Pausanias Pherecr. = Pherecrates Pherecyd. = Pherecydes Philostr. = Philostratus Ep. = Epistualae Her. = Heroicus Philostr. = Philostratus Imag. = Imagines 9 Phryn. = Phrynihus PS. = Praeparatio Sophistica Pi. = Pindarus P. = Pythian Odes O. = Olympian Odes Nem. = Nemean Odes Pl. = Plato Chrm. = Charmides Euthd.= Euthydemus Smp. = Symposium Plaut. = Plautus Pseud. = Pseudolus Plin. = Plinius Maior NH. = Naturalis Historia Plu. = Plutarchus Cim. = Cimon Cons. Ap. = Consolatio ad Apollonium Poll. = Pollux Porphyr. = Porphyrius Rhinth. = Rhinthon schol. in A.R. = scholia in Apollonii Rhodii Argonautica schol. Ar. = scholia in Aristophanem schol. in Ar. Eq. = scholia in Aristophanis Equites schol. Ar. Pl. = scholia ad Aristophanis Plutus schol. in Eur. Med. = scholia in Euripidem Medea schol. in Pl. = scholia in Platonis schol. in Il. = scholia Greaca in Homeri Iliadem 10 schol. ad Lykoph. = scholia ad Lykophronem schol. in Pind. Ol. = scholia vetera in Pindari carmina (scholia in Olympionicas) Simon. = Simonides S. = Sophocles Fr. Fragmenta Stob. = Stobaeus Flor. = Florilegium Str. = Strabon Geog. = Geographica Suid. = Suidas, Lexicon Theoc. = Theocritus Thuc. = Thucydides Val. Flacc. = Valerius Flaccus Arg. = Argonautica Varro = Varron Rust. = de re Rustica Verg. = Vergilius Georg. = Georgica Xen. = Xenophon Anab. = Anabasis Hell. = Hellenica Zen. = Zenobius Czasopisma i wydania zbiorowe AA = Archäologischer Anzeiger ABV = J.D. Beazley, Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters, Oxford 1956 Addenda = L. Burn, R. Glynn, Beazley Addenda, Additional References to
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