Geothermal Energy in Asia
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
PROCEEDINGS of Asian Geothermal Energy '98 Symposium on “Current and Future Geothermal Energy Development in Asia” 160,"O' 90 ° 0' 155° 0' ......5 0 ° 0' I 95 ° 0 ' 105°0' 110°0’ 11S°0' i ?n°n' 1?5°0' 130°0’ 135°0' 140> 0 -0°0' > 145°0' 150°0' L10“0 ' H5°0' 120°0' 125°0' 130°0 ' 135°0' 140°0 PROCEEDINGS of Asian Geothermal Energy '98 Symposium on Current and Future Geothermal Energy Development in Asia” Subic, Philippines, October 22, 1998 New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) re do Foreword Geothermal energy, which is abundant in most Asian countries, has increasingly been drawing attention and there is a rapid increase in the number of geothermal power plants. The Philippines, the greatest producer of geothermal power in Asia, has large geothermal fields and ambitious development plans. Japan has been spending efforts to increase geothermal power production. Indonesia is now developing geothermal energy vigorously as alternative energy resources to reduce dependence on oil. China, Malaysia, Vietnam and other Asian countries have large promising fields. Geothermal energy bestows a favor on the Asian countries in harmony with the environment. To encourage the development of geothermal energy, the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization of Japan (NEDO) is implementing various geothermal energy-related projects, including surveys of resources, development of exploration methods, development of drilling and production technology and development of utilization technology. The products from these projects have been contributing not only to Japan but also to overseas fields. NEDO held the symposium on ’’Current and Future Development of Geothermal Energy in Asia” in conjunction with CCOP Annual Session aiming to establish an international forum for exchanging information about geothermal energy development. Developing the geothermal energy, the Asian countries gained experiences and improved knowledge and technology. It is high time to share our valuable understandings among the Asian countries. Assistants from the CCOP Technical Secretariat, the Mines and Geosciences Bureau, the Department of Energy of the Philippines, the Philippine National Oil Company and the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan to the symposium are appreciated for their advance of the atmosphere. The country national policy reports and update progress reports on geothermal development were presented by six countries. They are China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam. Technical problems that we are facing were discussed in the technical session. The poster session was held in parallel with the technical session for general papers. NEDO organized an editorial board to publish this proceedings, a volume of papers contributed by the participants. The editorial board filled the role of collecting and editing the papers and publishing the proceedings. The papers were fully reviewed by authorities the editorial board nominated. We believe that the symposium is a memorial landmark providing clues for future geothermal development; however, this is only a first step to establish an Asian cooperating community in the geothermal field. We should propel the dawn of Asian cooperation and gear toward opening a firm and consistent society. The society could offer opportunities for us to discuss various problems from the survey to the production of geothermal resources to improve our knowledge and contribute to the future development of geothermal energy in Asia. March, 1999 Ryutaro Kadoi Executive Director of New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization, Japan Preface Geothermal energy brings us sustainable development with small impacts on environment. Fortunately, many Asian nations have abundant geothermal energy resources. The Philippines, Japan and Indonesia have played key roles in developing the resources. However, the majority of the resources still remain unused under the ground. We have to make utmost efforts to discover and utilize them with the state-of-the-art technology for Asian prosperity. In Japan, the first geothermal power plant was in operation in 1966. In 1974, just after the first oil crisis, the Sunshine Program (changed its name and succeeded to the "New Sunshine Program" in 1993) of the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) started technology development for alternative energy resources. R&D on geothermal energy technology has been one of the major issues of the program, and the results of R&D activities have contributed significantly to the development of geothermal power generation in Japan. Consequently, the total capacity of geothermal plants in Japan was 544MW by 1997, ranking 5th in the world. NEDO and AIST are engaged in geothermal energy technology development not only domestically but also internationally. Under the International Research Cooperation Program, NEDO and AIST are carrying out various types of collaboration activities with Asian countries. One example is "Research Collaboration on Exploration of Small-Scale Geothermal Resources in Remote Islands in Indonesia". The aims of this research cooperation are (1) to develop exploration technology for geothermal resources in remote islands of Indonesia, (2) to apply the developed technology to the exploration of the resources and (3) to contribute to the Rural Electrification Program of the Indonesian Government. Geothermal scientists have been developing effective methods of discovering resources and extracting energy from them. But there remain many things to do. We have to find what should be done and what can be done in geothermal energy technology development. Finally, I would like to express my appreciation to all Asian countries for their deep involvement in this symposium and in publishing the proceedings. Katsuhiko Masuda Director of Renewable Energy Technology New Sunshine Program Headquarters, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry Contents Page COUNTRY REPORTS (1) Current and Future Geothermal Energy Development in the Philippines..................... j by: Guillermo R. Balce, Philippine Department of Energy (2) Current Development of Geothermal Energy in Japan...................................................... ^3 by: Kisaburo Kodama, Geological Survey of Japan (3) Current and Future Development in Geothermal Energy in Indonesia .......................... 23 by: Asnawir Nasution and Raden Sukhyar, Volcanological Survey of Indonesia (4) Current and Future Development in Geothermal Energy in China ................................ 33 by: Wang Ji-yang, Institute of Geology, Academia Sinica, China (5) Current and Future Development of Geothermal Energy in Malaysia ........................... 37 by: Mohd. Noh Dalimin, A. Haris A. Tuah, Sanudin Tahir and Sahat Sadikun, University Malaysia Sabah (6) Development of Geothermal Energy in Vietnam ................................................................. 55 by: Cao Duy Giang, Research Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Vietnam COVER PAGE : Digital Geologic Map of East and Southeast Asia, 1:2,000,000. Digital Geoscience Map G-2m Geological Survey of Japan Coordinating Committee for Coastal and Offshore Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (( X X)P) and Geological Survey of Japan (eds.) (1997) Page TECHNICAL PAPERS (7) Exploration and Model of the Khoy Geothermal Field, West Azerbaijan, Islamic Republic of Iran .................................................................................................................... 59 by: F.G. Deljin Jr, J. R. Ruaya, N.A. Apuada, J.P.L Catane, A.M. Ahmadi, G. Taleghani, M. Azimi, M. Ahmadipour and M.R. Rahmani (8) Study results of recent ’’Geothermal Development Promotion Surveys ” in Japan........ ^9 by: Asahi Hattori, Akira Shimizu, Kan ’ichi Shimada and Kohei Oishi (9) Heat and Fluid Sources of Hydrothermal System at Hachijojima Volcanic Island ........ 77 by: Kenzo Baba, Kazuo Matsuyama and Shinya Narita (10) Strategy of Reservoir Management Based on Numerical Simulation in the Hatchobaru Geothermal Field ......................................................................................... 59 by: Hiroyuki Tokita and Kenji Haruguchi (11) Geologic Model of the Northern Negros Geothermal Reservoir, Central Philippines ............................................................................................................................ 97 by: M. C. Zaide-Delfin, R. G. Dulce and J. A. Esperidion (12) Application of NEDO’s Core-analysis System to the Wasabizawa Geothermal Development Field .............................................................................................................. 105 by: Shun 'ichi Maeda, Hiroshi Takagi, Toshio Fujino, Takayuki Sawaki, Masao Hayashi, Takamasa Horikoshi and Yasukuni Okubo (13) Magnetotelluric and Gravity Measurements in the Northern Negros Geothermal Field, Central Philippines ................................................................................................. U5 by: David M. Rigor, Jr., Domingo B. Luyugan and Carlos F. Los Banos (14) Geophysical Studies of the Mataloko Geothermal Prospect, Flores Island, East Nusatenggara - Indonesia .................................................................................................. j 25 by: Sjafra Dwipa and Achmad Andan (15) Magma-tectonic Background of Geothermal Systems ................................................ 137 by: Hirofumi Muraoka Organization Sponsor: