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Habs in FJORDS and COASTAL EMBAYMENTS ISSN 1538 182X GEOHAB

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Habs in FJORDS and COASTAL EMBAYMENTS ISSN 1538 182X GEOHAB GEOHAB CORE RESEARCH PROJECT: HABs IN FJORDS AND COASTAL EMBAYMENTS ISSN 1538 182X GEOHAB GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY OF HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS GEOHAB CORE RESEARCH PROJECT: HABs IN FJORDS AND COASTAL EMBAYMENTS An International Programme Sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO Edited by: A. Cembella, L. Guzmán, S. Roy and J. Diogène The report was developed following workshop discussions with the Ocean Science Meeting International Organizing Committee and attending members of the GEOHAB Scientific Steering Committee, including Allan Cembella (Germany), Einar Dahl (Norway), Patricia Glibert (USA), Leonardo Guzmán (Chile), Bengt Karlson (Sweden), Grant Pitcher (South Africa), Robin Raine (Ireland), and Suzanne Roy (Canada). We further appreciate the contributions to this document provided by those presenting plenary lectures on the key topics. Additional Contributors: Margarita Fernández, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain Dolors Furones, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain Changsheng Chen, Department of Fisheries Oceanography, School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA MAY 2010 This report may be cited as: GEOHAB 2010. Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms, GEOHAB Core Research Project: HABs in Fjords and Coastal Embayments. A. Cembella, L. Guzmán, S. Roy, J. Diogène (Eds.), IOC and SCOR, Paris, France and Newark, Delaware USA, 57 pp This document is GEOHAB Report #7. Copies may be obtained from: Edward R. Urban, Jr. Henrik Enevoldsen Executive Director, SCOR Programme Coordinator College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae University of Delaware University of Copenhagen Newark, DE 19716, USA DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark Tel: +1 302 831 7011 Tel: +45 33 13 44 46 Fax: +1 302 831 7012 Fax: +45 33 13 44 47 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] This report is also available on the Web at: www.geohab.info Cover photos: Left, remote-sensing view of the coast of Chile (courtesy of Leonardo Guzmán, unpublished); top right, micrography of paired cells of Dinophysis caudata (courtesy of Suzanne Roy, unpublished); middle right, picture of the Saguenay fjord in Canada (courtesy of Urs Neumeier, unpublished), and bottom right, remote-sensing image of the Ebre delta, NW Mediterranean, courtesy of the Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Centre, url: eol.jsc.nasa.gov and reproduced from Cembella et al., 2005, Oceanography, vol. 18, No. 2, page 159, url: www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/ issue_archive/ 18_2.html. Copyright © 2010 IOC and SCOR Published by IOC, PARIS Printed in Vigo, Spain Table of Contents GEOHAB Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms Core Research Project: HABs in Fjords and Coastal Embayments Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................6 List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................7 I. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................8 II. The GEOHAB Approach to the Study of Harmful Algae in Fjords and Coastal Embayments .....10 III. An Overview of HABs in Designated Fjords and Coastal Embayments ...................................... 11 A. General Description of the Fjords and Coastal Embayments Systems ............................................... 11 B. Representative Systems for Comparison ..........................................................................................12 1. The Chilean Fjordal Systems (SE Pacific) ................................................................................12 2. Coastal Embayments of the Ebre Delta (NW Mediterranean)..................................................16 3. Coastal Embayments of Eastern Canada (NE Atlantic) ..........................................................19 4. The Scandinavian Fjords and Coastal Embayments (North Sea and Skagerrak) ....................21 4.1. Southern Norway Bays ......................................................................................................21 4.2. Coastal Embayments of the Swedish Skagerrak ...............................................................23 5. Estuaries of Southern Ireland (Celtic Sea) ................................................................................27 IV. Research Priorities for Understanding HAB Dynamics in Fjords and Coastal Embayments .....30 V. Framework Activities ........................................................................................................................32 A. Scientific Networking and Coordination of Resources ......................................................................32 B. Data Management and Data Sharing ................................................................................................32 C. Protocols and Quality Control .........................................................................................................33 D. Capacity Building ............................................................................................................................33 E. Co-ordination of Modelling Activities ...............................................................................................33 F. Interaction With Other International Programmes and Projects ..........................................................35 VI. Next Steps........................................................................................................................................37 References .............................................................................................................................................39 Appendix I – Programme .......................................................................................................................43 Appendix II – Meeting Participants .....................................................................................................49 Appendix III – List of OSM Poster Presentations ..............................................................................53 5 Executive Summary The Global Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful – Are there definable adaptive strategies that Algal Blooms (GEOHAB) programme was initiated in characterize HAB species in confined and 1999 by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research semi-confined systems? (SCOR) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic – What is the importance of life history transitions Commission (IOC) of UNESCO to develop a research and cyst distribution in bloom initiation and programme on the ecological and oceanographic maintenance — endogenous seed beds versus mechanisms underlying the population dynamics of exogenous introduction? harmful algal blooms (HABs). The end goal of this – How do physical dispersion and aggregation programme is to allow the development of observation processes within a semi-confined basin affect systems and models that will enable prediction of HABs, HAB growth and distribution? thereby reducing their impacts on the health of humans and marine organisms, as well as their economic and – What is the relative contribution of nutrient flux social impacts on societies. and supply ratios to HAB dynamics in eutrophic versus non-eutrophic coastal embayments? The GEOHAB Implementation Plan (GEOHAB, 2003) specifies the formation of Core Research Projects – What is the importance of spatial scale and (CRPs) related to four ecosystem types—upwelling retention time in the expression and effects of systems, fjords and coastal embayments, eutrophied allelochemicals/toxins in semi-confined systems, and stratified systems. systems? This report summarizes the Open Science Meeting – How do embayment morphology, bathymetry (OSM) held in April 2004 and provides the proceedings, and hydrodynamic flux affect HAB dynamics? progress and synthesis of research efforts on the study – Are the effects of anthropogenic activities (e.g. of HABs in fjords and other coastal embayments. At aquaculture) and global climate change on this OSM, participants had the opportunity to present HAB dynamics magnified in enclosed and and discuss research findings in a variety of coastal semi-enclosed embayments? embayments and to begin the development of a research Our understanding of and ability to predict HABs agenda for coordinated studies. The meeting served to in coastal embayments over the next 5-10 years will identify interested participants and research regions and reflect the extent to which this GEOHAB CRP can to bring together the international community to design answer these questions. The practical implementation core research. Meeting participants discussed a wide of Core Research activities in coastal embayments has variety of research topics related to HABs in these advanced since field work was initiated in 2005. coastal systems, which the Core Research Committee The OSM programme, including the list of participants distilled into seven key questions: and abstracts, can be found at: www.geohab.info (Research Activities, Core Research Projects, Fjords and Coastal Embayments).
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