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Plea for Africa
••• 'I A PLEA FOR AFRICA,, SERMON PREACHED OCTOBER 26 , 1817 , IN THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, BEFORE THE SYNOD OF NEW-YORK AND NEW-JERSEY, AT THE REQUEST OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE AFRICAN SCHOOL ESTABLISHED BT THE SYNOD. BY EDWARD D. GRIFFIN, D. D. PASTOR OF THE SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN NEWARK, NEW-JERSEY. PUBLISHED BY REQUEST OF THE BOARD. NEW-YORK : GOULD, PRINTER, CHATHAM-ST. 1817. 4 their language which signify to burn and the counte- fiance,* and means burnt-face. No term of similar import is found in the Hebrew Bible. There the people whom the l^XX. called or Ethio- pians, are uniformly denominated Cush or Cushites; and this was the name by which they were known over all Asia where the Greek language was not spoken. They were the descendants of Cush, the son of Ham,t and as was common among the Asiat- ics, took their father’s name. They settled first be- tween the Euphrates and Tigris, in a region which was styled die country of the Chusdim, but by the western nations Chaldea, and in Scripture, some- times, the land of Shinar.J Here Nimrod, the son of Cush, erected the first kingdom. At an early || period branches of the same family spread them- selves throughout all the southern parts of Arabia, *Ai5-t» and a'p. Parkhursl's Greek Lexicon. Rees^ Cyclopadia, under Cush. I Gen. X. 6. f Gen. X. 8— 10. —It is thought that a part of the family II crossed the Tigris and took possession of Susiana, which is still called Kuzestan or Chusistan, the land of Chus or Cush. -
Noahidism Or B'nai Noah—Sons of Noah—Refers To, Arguably, a Family
Noahidism or B’nai Noah—sons of Noah—refers to, arguably, a family of watered–down versions of Orthodox Judaism. A majority of Orthodox Jews, and most members of the broad spectrum of Jewish movements overall, do not proselytize or, borrowing Christian terminology, “evangelize” or “witness.” In the U.S., an even larger number of Jews, as with this writer’s own family of orientation or origin, never affiliated with any Jewish movement. Noahidism may have given some groups of Orthodox Jews a method, arguably an excuse, to bypass the custom of nonconversion. Those Orthodox Jews are, in any event, simply breaking with convention, not with a scriptural ordinance. Although Noahidism is based ,MP3], Tạləmūḏ]תַּלְמּוד ,upon the Talmud (Hebrew “instruction”), not the Bible, the text itself does not explicitly call for a Noahidism per se. Numerous commandments supposedly mandated for the sons of Noah or heathen are considered within the context of a rabbinical conversation. Two only partially overlapping enumerations of seven “precepts” are provided. Furthermore, additional precepts, not incorporated into either list, are mentioned. The frequently referenced “seven laws of the sons of Noah” are, therefore, misleading and, indeed, arithmetically incorrect. By my count, precisely a dozen are specified. Although I, honestly, fail to understand why individuals would self–identify with a faith which labels them as “heathen,” that is their business, not mine. The translations will follow a series of quotations pertinent to this monotheistic and ,MP3], tạləmūḏiy]תַּלְמּודִ י ,talmudic (Hebrew “instructive”) new religious movement (NRM). Indeed, the first passage quoted below was excerpted from the translated source text for Noahidism: Our Rabbis taught: [Any man that curseth his God, shall bear his sin. -
Arrian's Voyage Round the Euxine
— T.('vn.l,r fuipf ARRIAN'S VOYAGE ROUND THE EUXINE SEA TRANSLATED $ AND ACCOMPANIED WITH A GEOGRAPHICAL DISSERTATION, AND MAPS. TO WHICH ARE ADDED THREE DISCOURSES, Euxine Sea. I. On the Trade to the Eqft Indies by means of the failed II. On the Di/lance which the Ships ofAntiquity ufually in twenty-four Hours. TIL On the Meafure of the Olympic Stadium. OXFORD: DAVIES SOLD BY J. COOKE; AND BY MESSRS. CADELL AND r STRAND, LONDON. 1805. S.. Collingwood, Printer, Oxford, TO THE EMPEROR CAESAR ADRIAN AUGUSTUS, ARRIAN WISHETH HEALTH AND PROSPERITY. We came in the courfe of our voyage to Trapezus, a Greek city in a maritime fituation, a colony from Sinope, as we are in- formed by Xenophon, the celebrated Hiftorian. We furveyed the Euxine fea with the greater pleafure, as we viewed it from the lame fpot, whence both Xenophon and Yourfelf had formerly ob- ferved it. Two altars of rough Hone are ftill landing there ; but, from the coarfenefs of the materials, the letters infcribed upon them are indiftincliy engraven, and the Infcription itfelf is incor- rectly written, as is common among barbarous people. I deter- mined therefore to erect altars of marble, and to engrave the In- fcription in well marked and diftinct characters. Your Statue, which Hands there, has merit in the idea of the figure, and of the defign, as it reprefents You pointing towards the fea; but it bears no refemblance to the Original, and the execution is in other re- fpects but indifferent. Send therefore a Statue worthy to be called Yours, and of a fimilar delign to the one which is there at prefent, b as 2 ARYAN'S PERIPLUS as the fituation is well calculated for perpetuating, by thefe means, the memory of any illuftrious perfon. -
Notes Du Mont Royal ←
Notes du mont Royal www.notesdumontroyal.com 쐰 Cette œuvre est hébergée sur « No- tes du mont Royal » dans le cadre d’un exposé gratuit sur la littérature. SOURCE DES IMAGES Google Livres ORATORUM ATTICORUM VOLUMEN Il Imams. -- moulinant Hum Nour FIIATluzs, tu noms, 56. 3mm -- OBATOBES ATTICI LYCURGUS, ÆSCHINES, I-IYPEBIDES, DlNABCHUS, GOBG’IÆ. LESBONA(JTIS, HEBODIS, ALCIDAMANTIS DEGLAMATIONES FRAGMENTA ORATOBUM .ATTICORUM GOBGIÆ LEONTINI, ANTlPHONTIS, LYSIÆ, lSOCRATlS, lSÆl, LYCURGI HYPERlDlS, DlNARCHl, DEMADIS, ALIORUMQUE SEXAGINTA GRÆCE CUM TRANSLATIONE REFICTA A CAROLO MULLERO ACCEDUNT SCHOLIA IN ORATlONES lSOCRATlS, ÆSCHINIS, DEMOSTHENIS ET INDEX NOMINUM ET RERUM ABSOLUTISSIMUS QEEM couac" J. HUNZIKER VOLUMEN SEÇUNDUM PARISIIS EDlTOBE AMBBOSIO FIBMIN DIDOT INSTITUTI IMPERIALIS FRANGIÆ. TYPOGRAPIIU vu .ucon, fifi M I’)(ICC LVlIl Notes du mont Royal www.notesdumontroyal.com 쐰 Une ou plusieurs pages sont omises ici volontairement. 322 lSÆI sont in orationibus quas nos habemus inveniri. llermogenes t. I, p. 22 W212. : Taupin): 191.01 Denique Rutilius Lupus 2 S 19 duo exempla rît «matie; 11h11 113v piCuv avec. mxpdv, si" 8è nop- ætiologiæ posoit, quorum prius, cum nomen nàv 710x611. Cf. Aphthanius t. I, p. 63 , 14, W. oratoris excidisset, homines docti non viderunt Theo t. I,p. 203 : ’Icoxpoim: ô coma-hg robe ex Isocratis or. 8 1o petitum esse. Jam cum tôçueîç 117w 11.0101111711: OCËW 110582:01:11»: aveu. Cf. ib. posteriori exemple hæc præmittantur z Item ejus- p. 210 sq. et 215, 2. dem , jure aliquis statuere sibi videri possit, etiam Theo t. I, p. 207 :’Icoxpdrnç ô M1109 11019331111 alterum exemplum Isacrati lribuendum esse. Bu- WÎÇ pœpipotç 1190,1111Çv 113v yovÉoiv 101k 8180101161004, tilius verba græca siclatina fecit :etsi acerbumvobi: 81:1 al 113v 100" Civ 11611011, 0l 8è 81843101101 ni 1075 quad dictant: sur" videbitur, [amen æquo anima 112153: C511 alun yeyâvacw. -
Martianus Capella. Franciscus Eyssenhardt Recensuit. Accedunt
Digitized by Coogle Digitized by Copgie MARTIANYS CAPELLA FRANCISCVS EYSSENHARDT RECENSVIT ACCEDVNT SCHOLIA IN CAESARIS GERMANICI ARATEA LIPSIAE IN AEDIBVS B. G. TEVBNERI MDCCCLXVI Digitized by Googlc 4 LIPSIAE xrpis B. G. TEVBNERI Digilized by Googie PRAEFATIONIS IN MARTIANVM CAPELLAM CAPVT PRIMVM Martianus Miniieiiis (uelMinneus: nam solum genetiuum casum Minnei codices exhibent, uid. p. 27 adnot.) Felix Capella de nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii qua aetate scripserit Remigius Antisiodorensis aeque inepte quaesiuit atque Martianum ah eo enarra- tum esse glossae mullis codicibus serualae testantur, ab hoc enim homine profectam, esse uilam Martiani, quae nomine auctoris omisso editioni Basileensi anni MDXXXII praefixa est, summa docet similitudo, quae inter hanc uitam et excerpta de commento Remigii in Martianum codicis Gudiani n. 335 intercedit, sed de hoc interprete postea dicetur. Recenliore uero aetate de Martiani aeuo exposuit Meihomius in praef. uol. II mus. script. hunc autem inquit circa Apuleii tempora vixisse autumo., qui similiter Gau- dentii Harmonicam et Nico?nachi Geraseni Arithmeticam uertit. sed haec opinatio ea solum re nititur, quod pariter atque Apuleius Graecorum illorum scripta Latine inter- pretatus est, Martianus Aristidem Quintilianum in suum sermonem conuertit, quae nulla plane causa est. a * Digilized by Coogle IIII PRAEFATIO IN MARTIANVM CAPELLAM Multi alii ueluti Vossius de poetis Latinis p. 66, Gad- dius de scriptoribus non- ecclesiasticis (Florentiae 1648) p. 145, Vossius de historicis Latinis 1. III p. II p. 225, Saxius onomastici litterarii uol. I p. 517 p. 518 sq., Fa- bricius bibi. Lat. ed. Ern. uol. 111 p. 215, Funccius com- mentarii de inerti ac decrepita ling. Lat. senect. p. 204, Schroeckhiiis historiae ecclesiasticae uol. -
Genesis Chapter 10 Continued
Genesis Chapter 10 Continued Genesis 10:13-14 "And Mizraim begat Ludim, and Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naphtuhim," "And Pathrusim, and Casluhim, (out of whom came Philistim,) and Caphtorim." Mizraim has seven sons, from who are derived eight nations. "And Mizraim begat Ludim": Mizraim was the second son of Ham. Ludim he is said to beget, the word being plural, is not the name of a man, but of his posterity; and the sense is, that Mizraim begat the father of the Ludim, whose name very probably was Lud, which name is preserved (in Isaiah 66:19). These Ludim are the same with the Lydians (Jeremiah 46:9), and whose country is called Lydia, (Ezekiel 30:5), but to be distinguished from Lydia in Asia Minor, and the Lydians there who sprung from Lud, a son of Shem (Genesis 10:22), for, as these sprung from Mizraim, the founder of Egypt, they must be somewhere thereabout. Bochart has proved, by various arguments, that they are the Ethiopians in Africa, now called Abyssines, whose country lies to the south of Egypt. A people formerly famous for archery, as Lud and the Lydians are said to be (Isaiah 66:19). And whoever reads the accounts Diodorus Siculus gives of the Egyptians and Ethiopians, will easily discern a likeness between them, and that the one sprung from the other; both deifying their kings. Showing a like carefulness about their funerals. Both using hieroglyphics; having the like order of priests, who used shaving; and circumcision was common to them both, as Herodotus observes. We must remember here, that these were the descendants of Ham. -
Cornell Notes 1898 to World War II
The Papers of F. G. Marcham: II Cornell Notes 1898 to World War II By Frederick G. Marcham Edited by John Marcham The Internet-First University Press Ithaca, New York 2006 The Papers of F. G. Marcham: II Cornell Notes 1898 to World War II By Frederick G. Marcham Edited by John Marcham The Internet-First University Press Ithaca, New York 2006 The Internet-First University Press Ithaca NY 14853 Copyright © 2006 by John Marcham Cover: Professor Marcham in his office in McGraw Hall, March 4, 1987, in his 63rd year of teaching at Cornell University. —Charles Harrington, University Photos. For permission to quote or otherwise reproduce from this volume, write John Marcham, 414 E. Buffalo St., Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A. (607) 273-5754. My successor handling this copyright will be my daughter Sarah Marcham, 131 Upper Creek Rd., Freeville, N.Y. 13068 (607) 347-6633. Printed in the United States of America ii Cornell Notes: 1898 to World War II by Frederick G. Marcham Contents Childhood .................................................................................2 World War I ..............................................................................3 In a New World .........................................................................5 On to Oxford ............................................................................7 What Career? ..........................................................................11 Why Leave England? ..............................................................14 On to Cornell ..........................................................................18 -
The Line of Noah Noah’S Three Sons
[I am still working on this project; right now the PDF views better than the html document] The Line of Noah Noah’s Three Sons I. Shem 1. Elam: Persia (now called Iran) 2. Asshur: [Assyria] 3. Arpachshad (also, Arphaxad): Chaldeans 1) Salah i Eber [Hebrews] (1) Peleg (i) Reu º Serug º Nabor º Terah º Abram (2) Joktan (i) Almodad (ii) Sheleph (iii) Hazarmaveth (iv) Jerah (v) Hadoram (vi) Uzal (vii) Diklah (viii) Obal (ix) Abimael (x) Sheba (xi) Ophir (xii) Havilah (xiii) Joab 4. Lud: [Lydia] 5. Aram 1) Uz [a land of Job? Perhaps 2800 B.C.] 2) Hul 3) Gether 4) Mash II. Ham 1. Cush: Old Ethiopia [Ethiopia] 1) Seba [Meroe] 2) Havilah [Arabia] 3) Sabtah [Sabeans] 4) Raamah [Arabia] i Sheba ii and Dedan 5) Sabteca. 6) Nimrod: Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh in Shinar [Babylonia]. He went from that area to Assyria and built Nineveh, Rehoboth Ir, Calah, and Resen. [Babylon, Ninevah] 2. Egypt (Hebrew = Mizraim): Egypt 1) Ludites (or, Ludim): 2) Anamites (or, Anamim): 3) Lehabites (or, Lehabim): 4) Naphtuhites (or Naphtuhim): 5) Pathrusites (or, Pathrusim): [Pathros] 6) Casluhites (or, Casluhim): [Philistines] 7) Caphtorites (or, Caphtorum) [Crete] 3. Put (or Phut): Libya; the ancient river Phut is in Libya. 4. Canaan: Palestine; also known today as Israel and Jordan. 1) Sidon: the ancient city Sidon 2) Heth [Hittites, Cathay] 3) Jebusites: Jerusalem 4) Amorites: Canaan 5) Girgashites: Canaan 6) Hivites: Canaan 7) Arkites: Canaan [Phœnicians] 8) Sinites: Canaan [Sino, China] 9) Arvadites: Canaan 10) Zemarites: Canaan 11) Hamathites: Canaan. III. Japheth 1. -
Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi * Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ * SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI TARİH PROGRAMI AMMIANUS’UN KARADENİZ TASVİRİ AMMIANI DESCRIPTIO PONTI EUXINI (Ammianus Marcellinus Rerum Gestarum Kitap XXII, Bölüm 8) YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Hatice Tuğba AKDOĞAR ARALIK 2014 TRABZON KARADENİZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ * SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ TARİH ANABİLİM DALI TARİH PROGRAMI AMMIANUS’UN KARADENİZ TASVİRİ AMMIANI DESCRIPTIO PONTI EUXINI (Ammianus Marcellinus Rerum Gestarum Kitap XXII, Bölüm 8) YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Hatice Tuğba AKDOĞAR Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Mehmet ÇOĞ ARALIK 2014 TRABZON BİLDİRİM Tez içindeki bütün bilgilerin etik davranış ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, ayrıca tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada orijinal olmayan her türlü kaynağa eksiksiz atıf yapıldığını, aksinin ortaya çıkması durumunda her tür yasal sonucu kabul ettiğimi beyan ediyorum. İmza Hatice Tuğba AKDOĞAR 09 / 12 / 2014 ÖNSÖZ M.S. IV. yüzyılda yaşamış bir Roma tarihçisi olan Ammianus Marcellinus’un tasvirinden, Pontus Euxinus’un (Karadeniz), çevirisi ve değerlendirilmesinin yapıldığı bu çalışmaya, eserin orijinal dili Latince’den yola çıkarak Klasik Filoloji’nin ve bunun yan dalı olan Tarih’in önemine değinerek başlamak isterim. Bilindiği üzere Ortaçağ’da, batıda Roma Dünyası’nın temel ve pratik yaşamı için artık kullanışsız ve yetersiz görüldüğü antik Yunanca’nın (Hellence) yerini, zamanla Latince almış ve bu dil ise gerek kilisenin gerekse pratik yazının genel bir aracı haline dönüşmüştür. Başlangıçta Ortaçağ Avrupası’nda nüfusun büyük çoğunluğu Latince’den habersiz idi, ancak herhangi bir kişinin bu dili öğrendiğinde, ana dilin kullanıldığı tüm Roma İmparatorluğu sınırlarında etkili olabileceği düşünülmüştü. Bugün, tarih boyunca yazılmış birçok tarihi belgeye bakıldığında, bunların daha çok zamanın bir bölümünü kapsadığı, sonrasında ise kesildiği ve başka bir belge ya da yayının ise onu görmezlikten gelerek bir başka mevzii olayı anlattığı bir gerçektir. -
The Woman Suffrage Debate 1865-1919
Dialectic of the Enlightenment in America: The Woman Suffrage Debate 1865-1919 Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät für Sprach-, Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaften der Universität Regensburg vorgelegt von Frau Borislava Borisova Probst, geboren Marinova Wohnadresse: Ludwig-Thoma-Str. 19, 93051 Regensburg Vorlage der Arbeit bei der Fakultät für Sprach-, Literatur- und Kulturwissenschaften im Jahre 2014 Druckort: Regensburg, 2015 Erstgutachter: Herr Prof. Dr. Volker Depkat, Lehrstuhl für Amerikanistik, Universität Regensburg Zweitgutachter: Frau Prof. Dr. Nassim Balestrini, Institut für Amerikanistik, Karl-Franzens- Universität Graz Dialectic of the Enlightenment in America: The Woman Suffrage Debate 1865-1919 Table of Contents: I. Introduction: I. 1. Aim of Study…………………………………………………………………..…1 I. 2. Research Situation ………………………………………………………………9 I. 2.1. Scholarly Situation on Female Suffrage ……………………………10 I. 2.2. The Enlightenment in America…………………………………..……12 I. 2.3. Dialectic of Enlightenment in America………………………….……16 I. 3. Mothodology und Sources ……………………………………………………..18 I. 3.1. Methodology………………………………………………………….18 I. 3.2. Sources………………………………………………………………30 II. Suffragist and Anti-Suffragist Pragmatics of Communication II. 1. The Progressive Era, Women and the Enlightenment…………………………33 II. 1.2. The Communication of the Suffrage Debate: The Institutionalization of the Movements…………………………….……42 II. 1.3. Organized, Public Suffrage Communication………………………………43 II. 1.4. Organized Public Anti-Suffrage Communication……………………….….67 III. Enlightenment and Inclusion: Suffrage Voices…………………………………………88 III. 1. Isabella Beecher Hooker: “The Constitutional Rights of the Women in the United States” (1888)……………90 III. 2. Carrie Chapman Catt: “Will of the People” (1910)………………………………..104 III. 3. Further Suffrage Voices………………………………………………………….…114 III. 3.1. Suffragists’ Self-understanding…………………………..……………….115 III. 3.2. Rights…………………………………………………………………..…120 III. Suffragism and Progress……………………………………………………….126 IV. -
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ACTA PHILOLOGICA FENNICA VOL. XIII HELSINKI 1979 HELSINGFORS I N D E X Barry Baldwin An Anonymaus Latin Poem in Gellius ... 5 Paavo Hohti Monatsbericht der Sitologen des Dorfes Toemesis...................... 15 Paavo Hohti Religion, Wissenschaft und Rhetorik bei Michael Psellos................... 19 Siegfried Jäkel ~oßo~ und osßa~ bei Sophokles........ 31 Maarit Kaimio Hypomnema an einen Erzleibwächter und Strategen............................ 43 Iiro Kajanto Aspects of Spinoza's Latinity........ 49 Saara Lilja Animal Imagery in Greek Comedy....... 85 Bengt Löfstedt Zur Physica Plinii Bambergensis...... 91 · Teivas Oksala Beatus ille - 0 fortunatos. Wie ver halten sich Horazens zweite ~pode und Vergils Georgica zueinander?......... 97 Tuomo Pekkanen The Pontic aivitates in the Periplus of the Anonymus Ravennas •.....•.•..•. 111 Reijo Pitkäranta Zur Sprache des Andreas von Bergamo •• 129 Eeva Ruoff-Väänänen Zum Auftreten von römischen Personen namen in Ortsnamen ..................• 151 Heikki Solin Analeeta epigraphica LVII -LX ..•••••. 157 Jaakko Suolahti A Submerged Gens ••.••.••••.......•••. 161 Toivo Viljamaa Ebb and F1ow- a Polybian Metapher ... 169 De novis libris iudicia 177 T H E P 0 N T I C C I V I T A T E S I N T H E P E R I P L U S 0 F T H E A N 0 N Y M U S RAVENNAS T u o m o P e k k a n e n In the fifth book of his Cosmography the unknown writer, known as the Anonymus Ravennas, gives a list of all the coastal cities (ci vitates) of the world (5,1-14, Schnetz p. 83,46-95,45). Most of the names, enumerated in this Periplus, also occur in the previous parts of the Cosmography, i.e. -
Plinius'a Göre Bithynia Bölgesinde Yaşamiş Bir Balik
Tarih Okulu Sonbahar 2009 Sayı V, 145-153. PLINIUS’A GÖRE BITHYNIA BÖLGESİNDE YAŞAMIŞ BİR BALIK TÜRÜNÜN ANALİZİ Olcay TURAN∗ Özet Bu çalışmada, antikitenin önemli yazarlarından Plinius’un Naturalis Historia isimli çok ciltli eserinde geçen kayıtlardan hareketle Bithynia bölgesinde yaşamış olan bir balık türünün incelemesi yapılacak, söz konusu balık türü ile ilgili saptamalarda bulunulmaya çalışılacaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Plinius, Naturalis Historia, Abiyogenesis, Dipnoi. Abstract In this paper will be analysed the species of fish that had lived in Bithynia in Antiquity. This analysing will be made through Naturalis Historia that had written by Plinius who is one of important narrators in Antiquity. Keywords: Plinius, Naturalis Historia, Abiogenesis, Dipnoi. Dünya’da ilk canlıların ortaya çıkmasından, günümüze kadar olan zaman zarfında sayısı tam olarak tespit edilememiş yüz binlerce hatta milyonlarca canlı türünün nesli tükenmiştir. İnsanoğlunun ortaya çıkarak, doğal çevreyi kendi yaşam alanına uygun bir hale getirmeye başlamasına kadar olan dönemde yaşamış canlıların nesillerinin tükenmesinin ardındaki temel neden doğal faktörlerdir. İnsanoğlunun ortaya çıkması ve zaman içerisinde bilinç düzeyini arttırarak, çevresine şekil vermeye başlaması sonucunda canlı türlerinin ortadan kalmasına insan faktörü de eklenmiştir. Doğal afetler, yerküre değişimleri ve ∗ Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı Doktora Öğrencisi Olcay Turan iklim tabii olarak doğal dengenin bir unsuruyken, insanoğlunun faaliyetleri bu canlı türlerinin birçoğunun neslinin tükenmesinde etkin rol oynamıştır. Şehirleşme ve sanayileşme gibi faaliyetler diğer canlıların doğal yaşam alanlarının tahribine yol açmıştır. Ayrıca doğrudan avlanma sonucunda da birçok canlı türünün nesli sona ermiştir. Tarih içerisinde Anadolu olarak adlandırılan yarımada üzerinde yaşayan pek çok canlı türü de ister doğal gerekçelerle isterse de insan etkisi ile olsun nesilleri tükenmiştir.