DOCSLIB.ORG

The Paris Agreement

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Paris Agreement Politics and Governance Open Access Journal | ISSN: 2183-2463 Volume 4, Issue 3 (2016) Climate Governance and the Paris Agreement Editors Jon Hovi and Tora Skodvin Politics and Governance, 2016, Volume 4, Issue 3 Thematic Issue: Climate Governance and the Paris Agreement Published by Cogitatio Press Rua Fialho de Almeida 14, 2º Esq., 1070-129 Lisbon Portugal Academic Editors Jon Hovi, University of Oslo, Norway Tora Skodvin, University of Oslo, Norway Editors-in-Chief Amelia Hadfield, Canterbury Christ Church University, UK Andrej J. Zwitter, University of Groningen, The Netherlands Available online at: www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance This issue is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY). Articles may be reproduced provided that credit is given to the original and Politics and Governance is acknowledged as the original venue of publication. Table of Contents Editorial to the Issue on Climate Governance and the Paris Agreement Jon Hovi and Tora Skodvin 111-114 Conference Diplomacy: The Making of the Paris Agreement Aslak Brun 115-123 The Paris Agreement: Destined to Succeed or Doomed to Fail? Oran R. Young 124-132 What the Framework Convention on Climate Change Teaches Us About Cooperation on Climate Change David G. Victor 133-141 Paris: Beyond the Climate Dead End through Pledge and Review? Robert O. Keohane and Michael Oppenheimer 142-151 Unilateral or Reciprocal Climate Policy? Experimental Evidence from China Thomas Bernauer, Liang Dong, Liam F. McGrath, Irina Shaymerdenova and Haibin Zhang 152-171 Predicting Paris: Multi-Method Approaches to Forecast the Outcomes of Global Climate Negotiations Detlef F. Sprinz, Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, Steffen Kallbekken, Frans Stokman, Håkon Sælen and Robert Thomson 172-187 The Paris Agreement: Consequences for the EU and Carbon Markets? Steinar Andresen, Jon Birger Skjærseth, Torbjørg Jevnaker and Jørgen Wettestad 188-196 From Paris to the End of Oil Dag Harald Claes and Helge Hveem 197-208 The Paris Agreement: Short-Term and Long-Term Effectiveness Guri Bang, Jon Hovi and Tora Skodvin 209-218 The Paris Climate Agreement and the Three Largest Emitters: China, the United States, and the European Union Miranda A. Schreurs 219-223 Politics and Governance (ISSN: 2183-2463) 2016, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 111-114 doi: 10.17645/pag.v4i3.721 Editorial Editorial to the Issue on Climate Governance and the Paris Agreement Jon Hovi and Tora Skodvin * Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; E-Mails: [email protected] (J.H.), [email protected] (T.S.) * Corresponding author Submitted: 9 August 2016 | Published: 8 September 2016 Abstract This thematic issue of Politics and Governance serves as a Festschrift in honor of Professor Dr. Philos. Arild Underdal on his 70th birthday. In this editorial, the guest editors summarize a few of Professor Underdal’s many academic merits and achievements. They also provide a synopsis of each of the ten contributions to the Festschrift, which focuses on climate governance in general and the 2015 Paris Agreement in particular. Keywords Arild Underdal; climate governance; Festschrift; the Paris Agreement Issue This editorial is part of the issue “Climate Governance and the Paris Agreement”, edited by Jon Hovi and Tora Skodvin (University of Oslo, Norway). © 2016 by the authors; licensee Cogitatio (Lisbon, Portugal). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribu- tion 4.0 International License (CC BY). Professor Dr. Philos. Arild Underdal is a remarkable ac- institutions, Arild has inspired and greatly influenced a ademic. Not only is he an excellent political science large number of younger colleagues, including the scholar, he is also a very skillful administrator. In addi- guest editors and several other contributors to this tion, Arild is a cherished teacher, supervisor, colleague, volume. He has done so through his excellent teaching and collaborating partner. He has contributed to the and supervision, as well as through his widely cited recruitment of a number of skilled master and PhD scholarly work. Some of this scholarly work has been students, included them in his wide academic network, co-authored with younger Oslo-based colleagues, with inspired them to embark on an academic career, and internationally renowned scholars from Arild’s impres- thus still plays a major role in the continuous develop- sive international network, or—on occasion—both. ment of the IR and climate-change social-science re- Several of these internationally renowned scholars are search communities in the Oslo area. This thematic is- also contributors to this volume and many others have sue of Politics and Governance is a Festschrift to our served as anonymous reviewers. friend and colleague, Arild Underdal, to honor him on Arild’s administrative skills were acknowledged his 70th birthday. when he first served as prorector (1993–1995) and Based in the Oslo region, Arild has had an astonish- then as rector (2002–2006) of the University of Oslo ing career both as a scholar and administrator. He was (UiO). Many other academic institutions in Norway and awarded his doctoral degree in 1982 and became a full abroad have sought his advice, as has also the Norwe- professor at the Department of Political Science, Uni- gian government. In 2006, he was awarded the high- versity of Oslo, in 1988. He has also been affiliated with ranking distinction of Commander of the Royal Order other institutions in the Oslo region, including the BI of St. Olav. Norwegian Business School, the Fridtjof Nansen Insti- Important instruments for developing Arild’s tute (FNI), and the Centre for International Climate and scholarly network domestically and internationally Environmental Research—Oslo (CICERO). At all of these have been a set of large-scale research projects, often Politics and Governance, 2016, Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages 111-114 111 funded by the Research Council of Norway. The most learnt as their efforts have co-evolved over the past recent—and one of the most important—of these two decades. He finds that until Paris, very few lessons projects has been Strategic Challenges in Internation- offered by scholars have had much influence on cli- al Climate and Energy Policy (CICEP), a centre for en- mate change negotiations. Moreover, cooperation vironmentally friendly energy. This centre is located theory and insights from case studies largely explain at CICERO, while the FNI and the Department of Polit- why those two decades achieved little progress. How- ical Science, UiO, serve as research partners. Arild ever, he also finds that the Paris agreement much bet- lead the application process and also served as ter reflects insights from scholars about how to build CICEP’s director for the first two and a half years of its effective international environmental institutions. He existence. concludes that there is nevertheless no guarantee that Cooperating with Arild is very inspiring and enjoya- Paris will eventually prove successful. ble; however, it is also slightly depressing. It is enjoya- Robert O. Keohane and Michael Oppenheimer ble because of his modest, friendly and patient ap- (2016) offer a preliminary assessment of the achieve- pearance, because he invariably delivers top-quality ments of the Paris negotiations and of the conditions work, and because he is always careful to keep dead- under which the Paris Agreement might generate poli- lines. It is slightly depressing because no matter how cies and actions that can significantly influence global hard you work, he works even harder. The following climate change. Having carefully reviewed the pledge anecdote may illustrate the point. During his period as and review system instituted at Paris, the authors ana- rector at UiO, the local student newspaper, Universitas, lyze post-Paris climate politics as a strategic game. asked him to give an interview. To avoid wasting time, They conclude that the Paris Agreement merely creates Arild requested that the interview be conducted while an opening for effective action on climate change. To he had breakfast. Having granted Arild’s wish, the jour- make Paris work, political action by domestic and nalist was astonished to learn that Arild had breakfast transnational organized groups and a willingness to pay at 4am! The interview reveals that a typical work day the economic price are required. for Arild lasts 12 to 15 hours—including Saturdays and Thomas Bernauer, Liang Dong, Liam Francis Sundays. Between Christmas and New Year’s Eve he McGrath, Irina Shaymerdenova and Haibin Zhang works only 10–12 hours a day, which Arild characteriz- (2016) consider the prospects for deep emissions re- es as “pure relaxation”.1 ductions in China—the world’s biggest emitter of During the last couple of decades, climate change greenhouse gases—based on the Paris agreement’s in- has been a major area of research for Arild. Therefore, a ternationally coordinated and monitored unilateralism. natural focus of this Festschrift is climate governance in In particular, they examine how Chinese citizens view general and the 2015 Paris climate change agreement in the shift in climate policy from the reciprocal approach particular. The festschrift includes 10 contributions. characteristic of Kyoto to the unilateralist approach in- Norway’s lead climate negotiator Aslak Brun (2016) herent in Paris. Based on a survey experiment, the au- provides an insider’s account of the Paris negotiations thors find forceful and robust public support for unilat- and the resulting agreement. He argues that the shift eral and non-reciprocal Chinese climate policy. Thus, from a top-down to a bottom-up approach has helped their results suggest that China’s government can rely spur participation, that the Paris agreement has estab- on solid public support should it want to move forward lished a new and clearer “direction of travel”, and that with ambitious (i.e., costly) emissions reductions. its provisions may be expected to generate increased Detlef Sprinz, Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, Steffen national mitigation efforts over time.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CLIMATE ACTION PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP CONFERENCE 13 - 14 MAY 2019 Grand Pacific Hotel, Suva, Fiji
    12 May version CLIMATE ACTION PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP CONFERENCE 13 - 14 MAY 2019 Grand Pacific Hotel, Suva, Fiji CONFERENCE PROGRAMME SUNDAY 12 MAY Early registration at Grand Pacific Hotel lobby from 3.30pm – 6.30pm MONDAY 13 MAY TIME ITEM LEAD 07.30 Registration opens Secretariat 08.30 Welcome and devotion MC – Ms Karalaini Koroi 08.35 Garlanding of Guests Welcome meke - Adi Cakobau School 08.45 Official Welcome Hon. Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum, Fiji’s Attorney-General and Minister for Economy, Civil Service and Communications. Minister responsible for climate change 08.55 Official Opening Opening address by the Prime Minister of the Republic of Fiji and Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) Chair, Hon. Frank Bainimarama 09.05 Keynote address President of the Republic of the Marshall Islands and Chair of the Climate Vulnerable Forum and High Ambition Coalition, H.E. Hilda Heine 09.15 Video messages from Climate Leaders Carolina Schmidt, COP25 President-designate and Minister for Environment, Chile 09.20 Pacific Leader statements PSIDS Heads of State and Government Youth poet - Kevin Mocenacagi, Year 13 student, Queen Victoria School, Fiji 10.15 Introduction to the Programme MC Overview of conference programme Logistics and housekeeping announcements School choir – Ratu Sukuna Memorial School TIME ITEM LEAD 10.25 Group Photo 10.25 MORNING TEA John Wesley School Performance 10.45 Pacific Heads of Delegation Statements 11.25 Talanoa Call for Action: We call upon Parties to work closely with non-Party stakeholders to enhance global ambition by 2020 and to develop long-term, low-emission development strategies. SESSION 1 Enabling Pacific NDC implementation and enhancement Pacific island countries are committed to delivering more ambitious NDCs by 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Climate Deal in Paris
    European Commission - Speech Historic climate deal in Paris: speech by Commissioner Miguel Arias Cañete at the press conference on the results of COP21 climate conference in Paris Brussels, 14 December 2015 Good morning to everyone, After many years of relentless efforts, we got a global climate deal in Paris. This deal is a major win for the global community. The Paris agreement is the first-ever truly global climate deal. The Paris agreement is the major multilateral deal of the twenty-first century. But Paris is much more than the deal. Paris is also about diplomacy, geopolitics and influence.And in this context, Paris is a major win for Europe and its allies. Today, I would like to tell you a story. A story about how Europe and its allies shaped the Paris deal. A story about how Europe and its allies managed to put pressure on the big emitters. A story about how Europe and its allies made history. The High Ambition Coalition Some of you may have heard this name emerging in Paris. The High Ambition Coalition. Some claimed that it was an accident of Paris. Others that it was just a loose and random grouping of countries. Well, they were wrong. The High Ambition Coalition is the masterplan of Europe and its allies conceived over the year. It's a group of developed and developing countries that changed the game in Paris. But before, let us step back and look at what happened at the Copenhagen conference in 2009. Why did Copenhagen fail? For three reasons: First, because the world was not ready.
    [Show full text]
  • Paris Agreement: Ship Moves out of the Drydock
    1.5 Paris Agreement: Ship Moves Out of the Drydock An Assessment of COP24 in Katowice Wolfgang Obergassel Christof Arens Lukas Hermwille Nicolas Kreibich Hermann E. Ott Hanna Wang-Helmreich From 2 to 15 December 2018, the 24th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Frame- work Convention on Climate Change (COP24) was held in Katowice, Poland. The Wuppertal Institute research team closely observed the climate change negotiations during the two-week conference and can now present its analysis of the conference outcomes. Publisher Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH Döppersberg 19 42103 Wuppertal www.wupperinst.org Authors Wuppertal Institute Wolfgang Obergassel Christof Arens Lukas Hermwille Nicolas Kreibich Hanna Wang-Helmreich ClientEarth Deutschland Hermann E. Ott Contact Wolfgang Obergassel Energy, Transport and Climate Policy [email protected] Tel. +49 202 2492-149, Fax +49 202 2492-250 Picture credits front page In first row, from left to right: IISD/Kiara Worth enb.iisd.org/climate/cop24/enb/14dec.html( ), IISD/Kiara Worth (enb.iisd.org/climate/cop24/enb/10dec.html), IISD/Kiara Worth (enb.iisd.org/ climate/cop24/enb/8dec.html), IISD/Kiara Worth (enb.iisd.org/climate/cop24/enb/6dec.html) In second row, from left to right: IISD/Kiara Worth (enb.iisd.org/climate/cop24/enb/10dec.html), IISD/Kiara Worth (enb.iisd.org/climate/cop24/enb/6dec.html), IISD/Kiara Worth (enb.iisd.org/ climate/cop24/enb/3dec.html), IISD/Kiara Worth (enb.iisd.org/climate/cop24/enb/12dec.html) Version February 2019 The
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Alliances in International Climate Policy After Paris
    PERSPECTIVE The Role of Alliances in International Climate Policy after Paris THOMAS HIRSCH July 2016 The High Ambition Coalition, comprising over 90 countries, which came to public attention shortly before the end of the Paris climate conference, made a substantial contribution to the successful adoption of the Paris Agreement. Besides its astute conduct of the negotiations and skilfully stage-managed media performance the Alliance owed its success above all to its broad composition, made up of industrialised, emerging and developing countries. Thus alliance formation once again proved to be an effective instrument for achieving climate-policy aims in difficult negotiating situations. While the climate-policy focus up until Paris was mainly on the negotiation process, the focus post-Paris has shifted to implementation of the Agreement. A number of new challenges are tied in with this, coping with which will require the participation of a broad spectrum of actors from politics, business, finance and civil society. Alliances will also have to become more diversified. The future belongs not only to the existing alliances, whose further development remains open, but above all to multi-stakeholder alliances of various kinds. As pioneers of change they can make a decisive contribution to advancing the transformation process at national, regional and international levels, to the extent they are able to mobilise the necessary popular and political support. Thomas Hirsch | The ROLE OF ALLiaNces IN INterNatioNAL CLimate POLicY AFter Paris 1. Introduction 2. Alliances in International Climate Policy The Paris Agreement concluded on 12 December 2015 Alliances are more or less formalised groupings of is a milestone of international climate policy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Paris Agreement: a New Beginning
    journal for european environmental & planning law 13 (2016) 3-29 brill.com/jeep The Paris Agreement: A New Beginning Charlotte Streck Climate Focus, Berlin [email protected] Paul Keenlyside Climate Focus, Washington, dc [email protected] Moritz von Unger Atlas, Brussels [email protected] Abstract The adoption of the Paris Agreement is a milestone in international climate poli- tics and brings years of near deadlock negotiations to a conclusion. The Agreement creates a global process of engagement, follow-up, regular stock-take exercises and cooperative action. On the one hand, it represents a step forward, overcoming the many divisions that had marked the Kyoto area: between developed and developing countries, between industrialized nations inside the Protocol and those outside, and between those supportive of market mechanisms and those that vehemently opposed them. On the other hand, individual country contributions fall short of the overall climate goal, and the risk is that the Paris Agreement remains a shell without sufficient action and support. It thus remains to be seen whether the Paris Agreement is the right framework through which to address the collective action problem of climate change. Keywords Paris Agreement – unfccc – mitigation – adaptation – international climate policy – climate finance – market mechanisms – redd+ – loss & damage © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2016 | doi 10.1163/18760104-01301002 <UN> 4 Streck, Keenlyside and Unger 1 Introduction On 12 December 2015, 196 Parties to the un Framework Convention on Climate Change (unfccc) adopted the Paris Agreement (pa), a new legally-binding framework for an internationally coordinated effort to tackle climate change. The Agreement comes 23 years after the signing of the unfccc, represents the culmination of six years of international climate change negotiations un- der the auspices of the unfccc, and was reached under intense international pressure to avoid a repeat failure of the Copenhagen climate conference in 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Level Event Hosted by Colombia, Global Coalitions Join Forces for Nature and Call for an Ambitious Outcome at COP 15
    At the Biodiversity PreCOP High-level event hosted by Colombia, global coalitions join forces for nature and call for an ambitious outcome at COP 15 August 30th, 2021 As the negotiations for a Global Biodiversity Framework are moving forward ahead of the crucial COP15 meeting of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, the representatives of three political coalitions endorsed by 116 countries - the “Leaders Pledge for Nature”, the “High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People” and the “Global Ocean Alliance” - have joined forces today at the high level PreCOP event hosted by the Government of Colombia. Together they reaffirm the urgency of reversing biodiversity loss by 2030 to address the interdependent crises of biodiversity loss, ecosystem degradation and climate change and achieve sustainable development. The science is clear: one million species are at risk of extinction and irreversible cascading tipping points in the Earth system might be passed within decades. The “Leaders Pledge for Nature”, the “High Ambition Coalition for Nature and People” and the “Global Ocean Alliance” have emerged to mobilize action and support for the protection and restoration of nature as a crucial contribution to address the planetary emergency. Since 2019, these three political coalitions, comprised and supported by hundreds of participants from governments and non- state actors, have been critical to build the momentum needed for the adoption of an ambitious, effective, and transformational post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework at the COP15,
    [Show full text]
  • Event Spotlight
    PANTONE 3015 PANTONE 2995 PANTONE 362 EVENTPANTONE 375 SPOTLIGHT BLACK 45% LEADERSHIP | COMMITMENT | COLLABORATION | ACTION Leaders in Island Resilience The Global Island Partnership at COP23, Twenty Third Conference of the United Nations Framework on Climate Change Convention, Bonn, Germany, 6 to 17 November 2017 “Leadership is partnership” —H.E. TOMMY E. REMENGESAU JR., PRESIDENT OF PALAU With the leadership of H.E. Tommy E. Remengesau Jr., President of Palau, H.E. Hilda Heine, President of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (new GLISPA Leader), The Hon. Didier Dogley, Minister of Environment, Energy & Climate Change of the Republic of Seychelles and The Hon. Dr. Kedrick Pickering, Deputy Premier of the British Virgin Islands, and Ambassador Spencer Thomas of Grenada, alongside Global Island Partnership members and friends the Partnership coordinated a series of events that demonstrated the leadership of islands united in strong partnerships to build island resilience. The Partnership also continued to build the movement of people willing to take action to build island resilience globally through the Global Island Partnership (GLISPA). President Hilda Heine of the Republic of Marshall Islands is announced as the Global Island Partnership’s first female Leader. PHOTO CREDIT: KIMO GOREE, IISD. @GLISPA_discuss #IslandResilience www.glispa.org [email protected] PAGE 1 OF 14 OUTCOMES New Leadership and Initiatives • H.E. Hilda Heine, President of the Republic of the Marshall Islands was announced as a new Global Island Partnership Leader. The first female leader to be a Leader in the Partnership. RMI joins as a Leader for their considerable leadership locally and globally through Micronesia Challenge, Reimaanlok, Blue Fee as well as in leadership through the high ambition coalition that led to the Paris Agreement.
    [Show full text]
  • New Challenges in View of the COP 23 Climate Change Conference
    DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT A: ECONOMIC AND SCIENTIFIC POLICY Implementing the Paris Agreement – New Challenges in View of the COP 23 Climate Change Conference STUDY Abstract This study summarises the developments leading to the adoption of the Paris Agreement on climate change in 2015 and provides an overview of its contents. The further implementation process and the roles of the main Parties and other stakeholders are discussed, as well as related international developments and the challenges of the climate change conference in Bonn in November 2017. The study was provided by Policy Department A at the request of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI). IP/A/ENVI/2017-04 October 2017 PE 607.353 EN This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI). AUTHORS Lorenz MOOSMANN, Environment Agency Austria Henrik NEIER, Environment Agency Austria Nicole MANDL, Environment Agency Austria Klaus RADUNSKY, Environment Agency Austria RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Tina OHLIGER EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Eva ASPLUND LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR Policy departments provide in-house and external expertise to support EP committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU internal policies. To contact Policy Department A or to subscribe to its newsletter please write to: Policy Department A: Economic and Scientific Policy European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript completed in September 2017 © European Union, 2017 This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/supporting-analyses Please use the following reference to cite this study: Moosmann, L., Neier, H., Mandl, N.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Statement by a Group of Ministers of the High Ambition Coalition 1 June 2017
    Joint Statement by a group of Ministers of the High Ambition Coalition 1 June 2017 “We are deeply disappointed by today's decision. Our commitment to the Paris Agreement is unshakeable. We have every reason to fight for its full implementation: our families, our health, our welfare, our security, our economies and our livelihoods.” “As responsible climate leaders, we will continue to move decisively towards a more sustainable and competitive economy. Let us see the Paris Agreement and the low-carbon transition for what it is: the growth engine of our jobs and economies, and the key to our collective prosperity and well-being.” “For people around the world most vulnerable to climate change the Paris Agreement represents the best hope for survival.” Issued on behalf of the following Ministers: Mattlan Zackhras, Minister-in-Assistance to the President, Marshall Islands (Convenor of the HAC) Frank Bainimarama, Prime Minister, Fiji (Incoming COP23 President) Rabbi Sergio Bergman, Minister of Environment & Sustainable Development, Argentina José Sarney Filho, Minister of Environment, Brazil Heraldo Muñoz, Minister of Foreign Affairs, Chile Marcelo Mena, Minister of Environment, Chile Luis Gilberto Murillo, Minister of Environment & Sustainable Development, Colombia Edgar Gutiérrez, Minister of Environment & Energy, Costa Rica Miguel Arias Cañete, Commissioner for Climate Action & Energy, European Union Kimmo Tiilikainen, Minister of Energy & Environment, Finland Nicolas Hulot, Minister for the Ecological & Inclusive Transition, France Barbara
    [Show full text]
  • The 39 International Civil Aviation Organisation
    16 September 2016 THE 39TH INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANISATION ASSEMBLY SECURING A MARKET-BASED MEASURE TO ACHIEVE CARBON NEUTRAL GROWTH FROM 2020 Joint Statement by the European Union, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and Mexico as participants in the High Ambition Coalition European Commissioner for Transport, Violeta Bulc European Commissioner for Climate Action & Energy, Miguel Arias Cañete RMI Minister for Transportation & Communications, Mike Halferty RMI Minister-in-Assistance to the President, Mattlan Zackhras The Government of Mexico Our work together last year in the High Ambition Coalition was crucial to secure an ambitious Paris Agreement, setting the world on an unstoppable trajectory of ambitious climate action. But in order for us to now achieve “our Paris vision”, we need to ensure we all fully play our part, including every country and every sector. We are now at a critical moment, and, for the first time we can secure a global sectorial deal for aviation. Emissions from international aviation are growing at an unsustainable rate. While they only represent 2% of global CO2 emissions today, they are forecast to quadruple by 2050, reaching almost 1,800 million tonnes per year. In order to meet the temperature limits we agreed in Paris and our long-term goal to achieve net zero emissions in the second half of the century, we must take urgent action to curb emissions from the aviation sector. Our work must begin by reaching the goal set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and endorsed by the aviation industry, of achieving carbon neutral growth from 2020. It is time for us to make history again.
    [Show full text]
  • Farhana Yamin, Founder & CEO, Track 0 Legal Adviser, Marshall Islands OVERVIEW
    How did we get a high ambition outcome in Paris & what’s next? BIICL Seminar on Paris Agreement, 27.1.2016 Farhana Yamin, Founder & CEO, Track 0 Legal Adviser, Marshall Islands OVERVIEW ¡ Strong support for 20 C/1.5 as objective; recognition of climate risks of going beyond 2C esp for vulnerable countries ¡ Strong support for net zero emissions as collective mitigation goal & five yearly cycle ¡ Vocal support for higher ambition esp net zero from the “real economy” • Business • Cities • Civil Society - faith & NGOs • Successful inside/outsider coalitions balancing movement building with savvy negotiators – a 5 year process begun in Durban in 2011! • Legacy & Leadership: Copenhagen “ghost” – Many summits: Obama, Xi, Merkel, Figueres, Tubiana/Fabius/Hollande & the High Ambition Coalition! • Higher ambition applies to mitigation; adaptation, loss & damage & finance. • This ppt focuses mainly on long term global temperature goal of 2/ 1.5 deg C and related goal of phasing out GHGs. SUPPORT FOR 2/1.5 & NET ZERO IN PARIS PROCESS? Governments 196 countries suppor4ng 2ºC implying phase out by 2100 152 countries suppor4ng 1.5ºC Implying 2050 phase out 93 Countries with ambious renewable targets support phase in 50 Annex 1 Pares collecve offer 50% by 2050 AIP doing 80% 44 Countries with Individual LTG 6 Carbon Neutral Countries Source: Track 0 “I am making a strong call for governments to put us on a pathway to achieve zero net emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels in the second half of this century. Unlike the financial crisis, we do not have
    [Show full text]
  • Drivers of Nationally Determined Contributions an Exploratory Look at Several Developing Countries
    International review for spatial planning and sustainable development, Vol.7 No.2 (2019), 4-20 ISSN: 2187-3666 (online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.7.2_4 \ Copyright@SPSD Press from 2010, SPSD Press, Kanazawa Drivers of Nationally Determined Contributions An Exploratory Look at Several Developing Countries Ryan Dash1 and Tae-Hyoung Tommy Gim2* 1 Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University 2 Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, and Environmental Planning Institute, Seoul National University * Corresponding Author, Email: [email protected] Received: Sept 22, 2017; Accepted: July 16, 2018 Key words: Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, Nationally Determined Contributions, Paris Agreement, climate change, international negotiations, United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change, policymaking Abstract: The Paris Agreement, the principal international treaty governing climate change, requires each country to submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) which include quantitative targets for greenhouse gas reductions. This study aims to identify the motivating factors behind NDC creation generally and the mitigation targets specifically using a case study approach. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with key representatives from Argentina, the Gambia, and some other developing countries. Interview responses are interpreted in context with literature for each country. Results show that NDC creation processes vary, but generally involve holding meetings to educate and involve stakeholders. In most cases, stakeholders are found to be knowledgeable and able to suggest mitigation actions or to contribute data. Least developed countries recruited international help for technical support. International factors are shown to be the most important drivers of increasing the ambition of the mitigation targets.
    [Show full text]