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Assessment of Fishery Resources in the Lagonoy Gulf, Philippines

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Assessment of Fishery Resources in the Lagonoy Gulf, Philippines The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 25Volume (1): 62-76 24 (1-2): _____ January-June 2018 JanuaryDOI 10.31398/tpjf/25.1.2017C0007 - December 2017 Assessment of Fishery Resources in the Lagonoy Gulf, Philippines Virginia L. Olaño1, Noemi SB. Lanzuela1,*, Kristine SM. Paredes1 National Stock Assessment Program Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Region V ABSTRACT The Lagonoy Gulf is one of the largest and most important fishing grounds in the Bicol Region. It is endowed with commercially important finfish and is characterized by a multi-species and a multi-gear fishery. Assessment of marine fishery resources was done to determine the status of the gulf and to evaluate the effects of fishing activities in support to fisheries management. The data used were from 1998 to 2012. Consolidated results from the National Stock Assessment Program (NSAP) of Region V were collected along the determined landing sites in the provinces of Albay and Camarines Sur. The results showed that catch composition was dominated by small pelagics (43.83%), followed by large pelagics (42.18%), and demersal fishes (13.94%). It is also noted that 89-98% of the small pelagic species were caught below the length at first maturity and their vulnerability to several fishing gears resulted in growth overfishing. Analysis of the growth parameters indicated that the species were relatively fast-growing and short-lived – L∞ ranges from 24.92 for Indian scad (Decapterus russelli) to 52.81 for Frigate tuna (Auxis thazard); and a k value of 0.85 for the same species (A. thazard) to 1.34 for Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta). The total mortality rate is high, ranging from 7.02, as manifested in Bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus), to 13.13 for the Island mackerel (R. faughni). Lagonoy Gulf also suffers from overexploitation, in which computedE values were far beyond the optimum level of exploitation (E ranges from 0.69 to 0.84), which is the result of heavy fishing pressure in the area. *E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: catch composition, length-at-first maturity, k-value, exploitation value, total mortality, Received: 9 June 2017 Lagonoy Gulf, assessment, fishery resources Accepted: 22 October 2017 1. INTRODUCTION Lagonoy Gulf has been the focus of several projects on the conservation and management of n 1998, the National Stock Assessment Program marine resources in the previous years, including people (NSAP) of Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources empowerment. However, such initiatives were not enough Region V started to conduct an in-depth assessment to address the overexploitation of the resources in the gulf. Iof fisheries resources in Lagonoy Gulf, one of the major Hence, there is a great need to improve the awareness of fishing grounds in the Bicol Region. the primary stakeholders in the proper utilization and The said gulf is one of the region’s and country’s management of the marine resources. most productive fishing grounds. It is an important The result of this assessment will open fishing ground for elasmobranchs such as sharks and opportunities to uplift the situation of the fishing industry rays. This gulf is endowed with commercially important by providing scientific information that will further finfish such as tuna, tuna-like species, and billfish. develop and improve the existing fisheries policies in The municipal fishers of this gulf use a variety sustaining the gulf’s resources. of fishing gears like, but not limited to, handlines and gillnets, while the commercial fishers are commonly Objectives engaging in ring net and bag net operations. The coastal ecosystem along Lagonoy Gulf is The main objective of this study is to assess the also suffering from degradation of its corals, mangroves, marine fishery resources of Lagonoy Gulf. and seagrasses. Feedback from the fisherfolk community Specifically, this study evaluated the effects of the confirms that their catch has been declining due to the fishing activities by determining the various parameters massive destruction caused by fishing activities (BFAR V that could support the status of the gulf: FARMC-PMC report 2012). Poverty and food security are among the 1. Catch, effort, and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of major concerns that cannot be ignored in the coastal major gears and their percentage contribution by areas where most of the inhabitants rely on fishing for sector; livelihood. About 9,939 individuals residing along the 2. Catch composition and relative abundance of coastline bordering the gulf is directly dependent on selected major fish species; capture fisheries as their livelihood (Olaño et. al. 2011). 3. Seasonality and length-frequency distribution of dominant species; and, 62 The Philippine Journal of Fisheries Volume 24 (1-2): _____ The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 25 (1): 62-76 January - December 2017 Table 1. Estimated annual production (MT) in Lagonoy Gulf (1995-2011) REA 1995 2001 2004 2008 2011 Municipality/Brgy. 15/164 15/164 15/163 15/163 14/143 Fishers 7,500 8,379 8,186 9,939 9,851 No data 4,315 4,275 4,679 6,043 Motorized 3,207 3,641 Boats No data 4,467 4,551 Non-motorized 1,427 2,402 Gear units 10,709 18,895 25,612 23,408 23,355 Gear types 34 22 24 26 29 Handline 5,476 12,521 17,927 18,407 12,984 Gillnets 1,965 2,601 2,727 1,645 2,734 Longline 427 297 360 277 355 Ringnet 0 66 70 69 58 Estimated Production 33,380 MT 36,899 MT 39,710.26 MT 34,882.23 MT 40,332.73 MT 4. Population parameters i.e., growth and mortalities, stock sizes, recruitment, and exploitation ratio, of key finfish species. 2. METHODOLOGY Sampling Site Ltf (Figure 1) is considered as one of the largest and most important fishing grounds in the Bicol Region. It is bordered by 15 municipalities covering 165 coastal barangays from the three provinces namely Albay, Camarines Sur, and Catanduanes. It lies approximately from 123°31’37” E to 124°20’36” E longitude and 13°44’33” N to 13°10’33” N latitude. The data collected Figure 1. Map of the study area and the landing stations were from the landing stations of the provinces of Albay and Camarines Sur, considering that landing centers in Catanduanes were established in 2014. The following formulas were used in computing Data Gathering the production based on boat and gear inventory: Monitoring of catch and effort was done from Estimated Annual Production = CPUE x Annual 1998 to 2012 in the following landing sites: Brgy. Sugod, frequency of operation x No. of gear units Tiwi and Tabaco City in Albay; and Brgy. Sabang, San Jose and Brgy. Nato, Sagñay in Camarines Sur. The criteria Estimated Production = CPUE x Estimated number of in choosing the sites were (a) representatives of gears, boats x No. of trips (b) bulk of landings, (c) willingness of the fisherfolk to cooperate, and (d) accessibility of the site. Monitoring Population parameters [i.e., length infinity (L∞), was done every two days, including weekends and growth rate (K), recruitment pulse (RP), mortalities (F, holidays. Catch per species, effort exerted, number of M, and Z) and exploitation ratio (E)] were estimated boat landings, and length measurements of major species using the FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools (FiSAT) were recorded using the provided standard monitoring software. Prior to the analysis, the data were first screened form. for their suitability for analysis based on the presence of exhibited modal progression. Adjustments of class Statistical Analysis intervals and smoothing of data using running average by three or five were undertaken whenever necessary. Data on catch composition by gear type, family, The growth parameter, ∞L , was estimated using relative abundance, gear contribution, and the seasonality the Powell-Wetherall plots; the value of Lmax from the of commercially important species were analyzed using extreme value theorem was used whenever the value of L∞ the statistical software, MS Excel. The primary data used was not compelling. The growth constant, K, as described were the monthly monitored catch landings per species by the Von Bertalanffy Growth Function (VBGF), was caught by major gears. Catch of minor gears was also generated using the K-scan routine of Electronic Length recorded to determine the contribution of these gears to Frequency Analysis (ELEFAN) I. Optimization of the the entire production of the gulf. growth parameters was performed through the other 63 The Philippine Journal of Fisheries Volume 24 (1-2): _____ The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 25 (1): 62-76 January - December 2017 options presented in ELEFAN I. The natural mortality burirawan (E. affinis) by 68%, bolinao (E. punctifer) by (M) was derived from Pauly’s M empirical equation, 61%, and pulang buntot (Decapterus tabl) by 55%. This while the total mortality (Z) and fishing mortality (F) contributed to the 39% decrease in the total catch of the were derived from the length-converted catch curve. said sector. The number of recruitment pulses (RP) was determined Moreover, the lower production of both finfish from the decomposition of normal distributions using and invertebrate species was the reason for a decrease of Hasselblad’s NORMSEP. landed catch in 2008, and was mainly attributed to the The relative yield per recruit (Y’/R) was typhoons that visited the region such as Frank, Lawin, generated using the selection ogives of the Beverton Marcy, Quinta, Ulysses, and Nina that caused rough sea and Holt model; the exploitation (E) values from the formation. Y’/R became the basis for computing the excess catch or From 2010 to 2012, the decreasing catch of tuna, fishing mortality based on the equation E=F/Z. tuna-like, and mackerels of ring net (9% or 4 MT in 2010 and 21% or 100 MT in 2011) and Bolinao (E.
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