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Value Chain Analysis of Pen Shell (Baloko) in the Province of Sorsogon, Philippines

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Value Chain Analysis of Pen Shell (Baloko) in the Province of Sorsogon, Philippines BU R&D Journal Amano & Mojados: Value Chain Analysis 21 (3): 21-33, Supplementary Issue | ISSN (Print): 0016-4139 of Pen Shell (Baloko) in the Province of Sorsogon, Philippines journal.bicol-u.edu.ph Value Chain Analysis of Pen Shell (Baloko) in the Province of Sorsogon, Philippines Viola L. Amano1,* and Julieta V. Mojados2 1Bicol University Jesse M. Robredo Institue of Governance and Development, Legazpi City 2Bicol University College of Business, Economics and Management, Legazpi City *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Sorsogon Bay is home to the pen shell (Atrina pectinata), locally known as Baloko. This study was designed to assess the existing value chains of pen shell and identify areas for improvement. The sites covered were the municipalities along Sorsogon Bay in the province of Sorsogon, Philippines. It employed the tracer methodology where only the processors and fisherfolks connected to the traders were selected as respondents of the study. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaires. Secondary data were used to establish a good understanding of the pen shell industry in the areas of the study. Results show that the adductor muscle or tinga is a substitute for scallops, thus, an export product. The other parts of pen shell or rambit are also of high demand. The highest volume of pen shell catch occur during October to April during the northeast monsoon (amihan) and gradually decline from May to September during the southwest monsoon (habagat) months. The value chain maps reflect the whole meat and semi-processed value chains, the two distinct marketing practices traced in the pen shell industry. The actors in the two value chains are the fisherfolks, processors, traders, and exporters. The enablers are the fisherfolks’ organization, local government unit (LGU), Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), City Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Council (CFARMC), microfinance institutions, Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), and Phil Export. There is uneven distribution of value added in both chains. More value is created and captured by the processors while the fisherfolks have negative gains. The value-added captured by the processors and traders are higher in semi-processed practice. There is the need to focus on the supply of pen shell, the effects of pollution of Sorsogon Bay, market information, technology to preserve the quality of products, industry association, and basic researches on pen shell under Sorsogon Bay condition. Keywords: Atrina pectinata, pen shell, value chain, value chain analysis Introduction or more radiating ribs that fan out across the shell. It may also have erect, tubular spines found on sandy Pen shell (Atrina pectinata) is one of the current bottoms in shallow water. It attaches with its byssal dominant mollusk species found in Sorsogon Bay. It is threads, pointed end down. Pen shells have considerable locally known as baloko, a meaty shellfish that can be economic importance as food, and they produce pearls prepared in many ways such as fried, adobo, or cooked of moderate value. Along the approach of the seaport in in coconut milk with chili to taste like the extemely Sorsogon Bay, residents of mostly fishermen sell fresh hot Bicol express. It is now a popular wet market meat of this mollusk from ₱35 to ₱60/kg (depending on commodity in Sorsogon Province as exotic delicacy for the volume of stocks) and make it available to buyers. seafood lovers. Baloko is a member of family Pinnidae whose meat resembles that of a hybrid scallop and Pen shell is now being acknowledged as one of the mussel with tentacle-like extension. This mollusk has a top marine products identified in Sorsogon province, long, triangular, or wedge-shaped shell, and the pointed which has the potential to augment the income of the end is anchored in sandy, shallow sea bottoms. fisherfolk sector. This replaced the green mussel (Perna viridis or tahong) industry that collapsed since the red A stiff pen shell can be up to 12 in long and 6.5 in tide occurrence in 2006 up to early 2009. This condition wide. It has a brown or purplish-brown color and 15 has given way to green mussel farmers and fisherfolk BU R&D Journal, Vol. 21, Supplementary Issue ISSN (Print): 0016-4139 Amano & Mojados: Value Chain Analysis of Pen Shell (Baloko) in the Province of Sorsogon, Philippines journal.bicol-u.edu.ph to resort to the gathering of baloko. This eventually led being able to make these distinctions regarding the to the increase in production volume of 525 kg/day of nature of returns throughout the various links in operation per diving team of five members (C. Legazpi, the chain, policy makers are assisted in formulating personal communication, March 30, 2017). appropriate policies and making necessary choices. These may be to protect particularly threatened links or Pen shell scallop (Figure 1A) being a major product facilitate upgrading of other links in order to generate has considerable economic importance not only to greater returns. fisherfolk sector but also to other ancillary business sectors, which significantly augment their income Value chain analysis has proved to be very useful to due to increasing demand since its introduction to the the Philippine Rural Development Project (PRDP) of the market. Unfortunately, there are limited processed Department of Agriculture, which utilized this tool to products available in the market, except from its semi- determine the value-creation and rational distribution processed form. of benefits among the actors involved in the chain. PRDP employed the value chain approach in the preparation Given the economic significance of the pen shell of the Provincial Commodity Investment Plan (PCIP) industry in the Bicol region, research and development and in identifying priority interventions and programs efforts should be focused towards determining the to invest in (Baleza, 2015). status of the industry to identify areas for improvement. This can be done by subjecting the industry to the lens Thus, this study was designed to assess the existing of the value chain approach such that an overview of value chain of pen shell in the province of Sorsogon the industry, value chain map showing the functions, and identify areas for improvement. Specifically, it business links between the operators and enabling aimed to provide an overview of the pen shell industry environment, and overall value added can be in the province of Sorsogon, develop value chain map determined. for pen shell showing the production and marketing functions performed by the operators, vertical business The value chain analysis determines the chain of links among the operators, support service providers, activities that a firm in a specific industry performs in and enabling services or policies, determine the overall order to deliver a valuable product or service for the value added generated by the chain and shares of the market. The idea of the value chain is based on the different stages, and identify areas for improvement of process view of organizations that it is made up of the pen shell value chain. inputs, transformation processes, and outputs. Each stage of the chain is linked to each other. In each stage, additional value or return is expected to be created and Materials and Methods captured by an industry. Focusing on all links in the chain and on all activities in each link helps to identify which activities are subject to increasing returns and The study sites (Figure 1B) covered in this study which are subject to declining returns. As a result of were the municipalities along Sorsogon Bay, which are A B Figure 1. Pen shells (A) and the study areas in the province of Sorsogon (B) 22 BU R&D Journal, Vol. 21, Supplementary Issue Amano & Mojados: Value Chain Analysis ISSN (Print): 0016-4139 of Pen Shell (Baloko) in the Province of Sorsogon, Philippines journal.bicol-u.edu.ph the pen shell producing areas. The sites covered were Secondary data were used to establish a good barangays of Sorsogon City, namely: Bitan-O, Balogo, understanding of the pen shell industry in the areas of Rizal, and Bulabog. Other municipalities in Sorsogon the study. These included data on volume and value of such as Casiguran and Juban were also covered in the production, prices, and other market information. study. Purposive sampling was employed in the study to Results and Discussion identify fisherfolks, processors, traders, and exporters of pen shells in the province of Sorsogon. Only the The Pen Shell Industry Profile traders who were registered with the LGU were selected as respondents of the study. The traders were identified Bicol region has four major fishing grounds: first and the processors and fisherfolks connected to San Miguel Bay, Ragay Gulf, Lagonoy Gulf, and them were traced and chosen as respondents. Sorsogon Bay measuring a total of 1,666.28 km2. The region’s coastline measures 3,116.10 km. Sorsogon With the assistance of the Office of the Provincial Bay is recognized as an essential fishing ground in Agriculture (OPAg) in Sorsogon, the research team the Philippines for small pelagic, demersal fishes, and was able to locate the respondents of the study. The shellfishes (Olano et al., 2009). It is an enclosed bay respondents were the value chain players of fresh whole surrounded by five coastal municipalities, namely: meat and semi-processed pen shells. This was based on Casiguran, Castilla, Magallanes, Juban, and Sorsogon the dominant traders (major buyers) of pen shells in the City. According to Serafin Lacdang, head of the covered areas. Based on the survey, there were seven Fisheries Division of the Provincial Agricultural Office, dominant traders in Sorsogon province as summarized Sorsogon Bay is home to pen shell that has emerged as in Table 1.
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