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Seminar-Kalmykia-28-29-Sept-2004 1 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION GOVERNMENT OF REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA KALMYK STATE UNIVERSITY LANGUAGE PROMOTION AND PLANNING IN EUROPE AND RUSSIA ACTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR September 28-29, 2004 Elista, Republic of Kalmykia, Russian Federation 2 ÌÈÍÈÑÒÅÐÑÒÂÎ ÎÁÐÀÇÎÂÀÍÈß È ÍÀÓÊÈ ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÎÉ ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈÈ ÏÐÀÂÈÒÅËÜÑÒÂÎ ÐÅÑÏÓÁËÈÊÈ ÊÀËÌÛÊÈß ÊÀËÌÛÖÊÈÉ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÉ ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÈÒÅÒ ÑÎÕÐÀÍÅÍÈÅ È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈÅ ßÇÛÊÎÂ: ßÇÛÊÎÂÎÅ ÏËÀÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ Â ÅÂÐÎÏÅ È ÐÎÑÑÈÈ ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÛ ÌÅÆÄÓÍÀÐÎÄÍÎÃÎ ÑÅÌÈÍÀÐÀ 28-29 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2004 Ýëèñòà, Ðåñïóáëèêà Êàëìûêèÿ, Ðîññèéñêàÿ Ôåäåðàöèÿ 3 ÁÁÊ 70/79 Ñ 689 Íàñòîÿùåå èçäàíèå îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà «Ñîõðàíåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ÿçûêîâ íà Ñåâåðíîì Êàâêàçå» - ÑBM(2004)26, ôèíàíñèðóåìîãî Ñîâåòîì Åâðîïû. Ðåäàêöèîííûé ñîâåò: Êîðíóñîâà Á.Ý. (îòâåòñòâåííûé ðåäàêòîð) Áîñ÷àåâà Í.Ö. (îòâåòñòâåííûé ðåäàêòîð) Áîãðäàíîâà Ò.Í. Ñ 689 Ñîõðàíåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ÿçûêîâ: ÿçûêîâîå ïëàíèðîâàíèå â Åâðîïå è Ðîññèè. Ìàòåðèàëû ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñåìèíàðà. 28-29 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2004 ã. Ýëèñòà, Ðåñïóáëèêà Êàëìûêèÿ, Ðîññèéñêàÿ Ôåäåðàöèÿ. – Ýëèñòà: ÀÏÏ «Äæàíãàð», 2005. - 360 ñ.  êíèãå ïðåäñòàâëåíû äîêëàäû ó÷àñòíèêîâ ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñåìèíàðà «Ñîõðàíåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ÿçûêîâ: ÿçûêîâîå ïëàíèðîâàíèå â Åâðîïå è Ðîññèè», ñîñòîÿâøåãîñÿ 28-29 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2004 ã. â ã. Ýëèñòå Ðåñïóáëèêè Êàëìûêèÿ. Ñåìèíàð ïðîâîäèëñÿ â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà «Ñîõðàíåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ÿçûêîâ íà Ñåâåðíîì Êàâêàçå», ôèíàíñèðóåìîãî Ïðîãðàììîé Ñîâåòà Åâðîïû «Ìåðû ïî óêðåïëåíèþ äîâåðèÿ». ISBN 5-94587-099-4 © Êàëìûöêèé ãîñóäàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò The book is published in the framework of the Project “Promoting Lesser Used Languages in the North Caucasus” – CBM(2004)26 - financed by the Council of Europe. Compiled and edited by: Kornusova B. Bostchaeva N. Bogrdanova T. Ñ 689 Languages Promotion and Planning in Europe and Russia. Acts of the International Seminar. September 28-29, 2004. Elista, Republic of Kalmykia, Russian Federation. – Elista, 2005. - 360 p. The book contains the papers of the participants of the International seminar “Languages Promotion and Planning in Europe and Russia” which took place on September 28-29, 2004 in Elista, Republic of Kalmykia. The seminar was held in the framework of the project «Promoting Lesser Used Languages in the North Caucasus» implemented by Kalmyk State University within Confidence-Building Measures Programme of the Council of Europe. ISBN 5-94587-099-4 © Kalmyk State University 4 ÑÎÄÅÐÆÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÅÄÈÑËÎÂÈÅ . 9 ÏÐÈÂÅÒÑÒÂÈß . 13 Ê.Í. Èëþìæèíîâ, Ïðåçèäåíò Ðåñïóáëèêè Êàëìûêèÿ . 13 Äîíàëë Î’Ðèàãàí, Ïåðâûé Ïðåçèäåíò è Ãåíåðàëüíûé ñåêðåòàðü Åâðîïåéñêîãî áþðî ìàëîèñïîëüçóåìûõ ÿçûêîâ, ÷ëåí Ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñîâåùàòåëüíîãî êîìèòåòà Èíñòèòóòà «Ëèíãâàïàêñ» . 15 ×àñòü ïåðâàÿ ÑÎÕÐÀÍÅÍÈÅ È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈÅ ßÇÛÊÎÂ: ßÇÛÊÎÂÎÅ ÏËÀÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ Â ÅÂÐÎÏÅ Êîëîìèíåñ À. (Áàðñåëîíà, Èñïàíèÿ) ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÛÉ ÏËÞÐÀËÈÇÌ ÊÀÊ ÃÀÐÀÍÒÈß ÑÂÎÁÎÄÛ . 19 Î’Ðèàãàí Ä. (Äóáëèí, Èðëàíäèÿ) ÊÀÊ ÆÈÒÜ Â ÓÑËÎÂÈßÕ ßÇÛÊÎÂÎÃÎ ÌÍÎÃÎÎÁÐÀÇÈß – ÍÅÊÎÒÎÐÛÅ ÏÎÄÕÎÄÛ Ê ßÇÛÊÎÂÎÉ ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÅ . 27 Àðêâèíò Ð. (Ò÷àïåëëà, Øâåéöàðèÿ) ÐÅÒÎÐÎÌÀÍÑÊÈÉ: Î ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÀÕ È ÑÒÐÀÒÅÃÈÈ ÂÛÆÈÂÀÍÈß ÀËÜÏÈÉÑÊÎÃÎ ßÇÛÊÀ  ÇÀÏÀÄÍÎÉ ÅÂÐÎÏÅ 41 Êîõ Á. (Öþðèõ, Øâåéöàðèÿ) ÇÀ×ÅÌ ÃÎÂÎÐÈÒÜ ÍÀ ßÇÛÊÅ, ÊÎÒÎÐÛÌ ÍÈÊÒÎ ÍÅ ÏÎËÜÇÓÅÒÑß? ÂÇÃËßÄÛ, ÌÎÒÈÂÛ È ÎÁÐÀÇ ÆÈÇÍÈ . 52 Î’Ðèàãàí Ä. (Äóáëèí, Èðëàíäèÿ) ÅÙÅ ÐÀÇ Î «ÅÂÐÎÏÅÉÑÊÎÉ ÕÀÐÒÈÈ ÐÅÃÈÎÍÀËÜÍÛÕ ßÇÛÊΠÈ/ ÈËÈ ßÇÛÊΠÌÅÍÜØÈÍÑÒ» – ÊÓÄÀ ÈÄÅÒ ÐÎÑÑÈß? . 60 ×àñòü âòîðàÿ ÑÎÕÐÀÍÅÍÈÅ È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈÅ ßÇÛÊÎÂ: ÎÏÛÒ ßÇÛÊÎÂÎÃÎ ÏËÀÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß Â ÐÎÑÑÈÈ Ìàãîìåäõàíîâ Ì.Ì. (Ìàõà÷êàëà, Ðîññèÿ) ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÛ È ÏÐÎÁËÅÌÛ ÝÒÍÎßÇÛÊÎÂÎÉ ÀÑÑÈÌÈËßÖÈÈ Â ÄÀÃÅÑÒÀÍÅ . 73 5 Õàñèåâ Ñ-Ì. À. (Ãðîçíûé, Ðîññèÿ) ÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÀß ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÀ ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÎÃÎ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÀ È ÑÎÑÒÎßÍÈÅ ×Å×ÅÍÑÊÎÃÎ ßÇÛÊÀ . 85 Êóðåáèòî Ò. (Òîêèî, ßïîíèÿ) ×ÓÊÎÒÑÊÈÉ ßÇÛÊ: ÏÐ ÎØËÎÅ È ÍÀÑÒÎßÙÅÅ . 93 Öûðåíîâà Ä.Â. (Ìîñêâà, Ðîññèÿ) ßÇÛÊÎÂÀß ÑÈÒÓÀÖÈß Â ÐÅÑÏÓÁËÈÊÅ ÁÓÐßÒÈß . 96 Ãàðèïîâ ß.Ç. (Êàçàíü, Ðîññèÿ) ÒÀÒÀÐÑÒÀÍ: ÍÎÂÛÉ ÝÒÀÏ ßÇÛÊÎÂÎÉ ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÈ È ßÇÛÊÎÂÀß ÑÈÒÓÀÖÈß . 102 Î÷èðîâà Í.Ã. (Ýëèñòà, Ðîññèÿ) ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ ÊÀËÌÛÖÊÎÃÎ ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒÀ ÃÓÌÀÍÈÒÀÐÍÛÕ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈÉ ÐÀÍ Â ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ ÑÎÕÐÀÍÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß ÊÀËÌÛÖÊÎÃÎ ßÇÛÊÀ . 109 Äÿêèåâà Ð.Á. (Ýëèñòà, Ðîññèÿ) Î ÏÎÒÅÍÖÈÀËÅ ßÇÛÊÎÂÎÃÎ ÂÎÇÐÎÆÄÅÍÈß (ÍÀ ÏÐÈÌÅÐÅ ÊÀËÌÛÖÊÎÃÎ ßÇÛÊÀ) . 116 Êîðíóñîâà Á.Ý. (Ýëèñòà, Ðîññèÿ) ßÇÛÊÎÂÎÅ ÏËÀÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ Â ÐÅÑÏÓÁËÈÊÅ ÊÀËÌÛÊÈß . 121 Áîñ÷àåâà Í.Ö. (Ýëèñòà, Ðîññèÿ) ÐÎÄÍÎÉ ßÇÛÊ ×ÅÐÅÇ ÏÐÈÇÌÓ ÈÍÎÑÒÐÀÍÍÎÃÎ . 133 Áîãðäàíîâà Ò. Í. (Ýëèñòà, Ðîññèÿ) ÈÍÎÑÒÐÀÍÍÛÉ ßÇÛÊ È ÐÎÄÍÀß ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ . 141 Áîñ÷àåâà Í.Ö., Êîðíóñîâà Á.Ý. (Ýëèñòà, Ðîññèÿ) ÑÎÖÈÎËÈÍÃÂÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÑÈÒÓÀÖÈß Â ÐÅÑÏÓÁËÈÊÅ ÊÀËÌÛÊÈß (ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå ðåçóëüòàòû ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ) . 146 ×àñòü òðåòüÿ «ÄÆÀÍÃÀл  ÅÂÐÀÇÈÉÑÊÎÌ ÏÐÎÑÒÐÀÍÑÒÂÅ Áîðëèêîâ Ã.Ì. (Ýëèñòà, Ðîññèÿ) ÄÆÀÍÃÀÐÎÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ: ÈÑÒÎÊÈ È ÏÅÐÑÏÅÊÒÈÂÛ ÈÇÓ×ÅÍÈß 161 Áèòêååâ Í.Ö. (Ýëèñòà, Ðîññèÿ) ÝÏÎÑ «ÄÆÀÍÃÀл - ÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÎÅ ÄÎÑÒÎßÍÈÅ ÊÀËÌÛÖÊÎÃÎ ÍÀÐÎÄÀ . 170 Õàáóíîâà Å.Ý., Êîðíóñîâà Á.Ý. (Ýëèñòà, Ðîññèÿ) ÝÏÎÑ «ÄÆÀÍÃÀл ÊÀÊ ÈÑÒÎ×ÍÈÊ ÑÎÕÐÀÍÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÎÉ ÄÓÕÎÂÍÎÉ È ÌÀÒÅÐÈÀËÜÍÎÉ ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÛ ÊÀËÌÛÊΠ. 176 ÑÂÅÄÅÍÈß ÎÁ ÀÂÒÎÐÀÕ . 357 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD . 195 OPENING ADDRESSES . 199 K.N. Ilyumzhinov, President of the Republic of Kalmykia . 199 Donall O’Riagain, Former President and Secretary General of the European Bureau for Lesser Used Languages, Member of the International Advisory Committee of Linguapax . 201 Chapter I MINORITY LANGUAGES PROMOTION AND PLANNING IN EUROPE Colomines Agusti (Barcelona, Spain) CULTURAL PLURALISM AS A GUARANTEE OF FREEDOM . 205 O’Riagain Donall (Dublin, Ireland) THE CHALLENGES OF ACCOMMODATING LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY - SOME APPROACHES TO POLICY . 212 Arquint Romedi (Chapella, Switzerland) RHAETO-ROMANSH - ON THE CHALLENGES AND SURVIVAL STRATEGY OF AN ALPINE LANGUAGE IN WESTERN EUROPE 225 Koch Brigit (Zurich, Switzerland) WHY SPEAK A LANGUAGE NOBODY USES? ATTITUDES, MOTIVES AND LIFESTYLE . 235 O’Riagain Donall (Dublin, Ireland) THE EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES REVISITED - WHITHER RUSSIA? . 241 Chapter II PROMOTING LESSER USED LANGUAGES AND LANGUAGE PLANNING IN RUSSIA Magomedkhanov Ì.Ì. (Makhachkala, Russia) PROCESSES AND PROBLEMS OF ETHNIC AND LINGUISTIC ASSIMILATION IN DAGESTAN . 252 7 Khasiev S-Ì. À. (Grozny, Russia) THE NATIONAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN STATE AND THE SITUATION WITH THE CHECHEN LANGUAGE . 260 Tokusu Kurebito (Tokyo, Japan ) THE CHUKCHI LANGUAGE: PAST AND PRESENT . 267 Tsyrenova D.V. (Moscow, Russia) THE LANGUAGE SITUATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA 270 Garipov Ya. Z. (Kazan, Russia) TATARSTAN: NEW PERIOD OF THE LANGUAGE POLICY AND THE LANGUAGE SITUATION . 275 Ochirova N.G. (Elista, Russia) THE ACTIVITIES OF THE KALMYK INSTITUTE FOR HUMANITIES OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES IN PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE KALMYK LANGUAGE . 282 Diakieva R.B. (Elista, Russia) ON THE RESOURCES OF LANGUAGE REVIVAL (THE CASE OF THE KALMYK LANGUAGE) . 288 Kornusova B.E. (Elista, Russia) LANGUAGE PLANNING IN THE REPUBIIC ÎF KALMYKIA . 293 Boschaeva N. Tc. (Elista, Russia) VIEWING MOTHER TONGUE THROUGH A FOREIGN LANGUAGE 303 Bogrdanova T.N. (Elista, Russia) EFL IN THE CONTEXT OF A LOCAL CULTURE (THE CASE STUDY OF KALMYKIA) . 310 Boschaeva N.Tc., Kornusova B.E. (Elista, Russia) THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC SITUATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA (PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE SOCIAL SURVEY) 315 Chapter III “DJANGAR” IN EUROASIA Borlikov G.M. (Elista, Russia) DJANGAR STUDIES: ORIGINS AND PERSPECTIVES . 329 Bitkeev N.Ts. (Elista, Russia) THE EPIC «DJANGAR» AS PART OF THE HERITAGE OF THE KALMYK PEOPLE . 337 Khabunova E. E., Kornusova B.E. (Elista, Russia) FOLK EPIC «DJANGAR» AS A SOURCE FOR PRESERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SPIRITUAL AND MATERIAL CULTURE OF THE KALMYKS . 343 ÑONTRIBUTORS . 357 8 ÏÐÅÄÈÑËÎÂÈÅ Íàñòîÿùåå èçäàíèå ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñîáîé ñáîðíèê ìàòåðèàëîâ ìåæäóíàðîäíîãî ñåìèíàðà «Ñîõðàíåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ÿçûêîâ: ÿçûêî- âîå ïëàíèðîâàíèå â Åâðîïå è Ðîññèè», êîòîðûé ñîñòîÿëñÿ â ãîðîäå Ýëèñòå Ðåñïóáëèêè Êàëìûêèÿ 28-29 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2004 ã.. Ñåìèíàð ïðî- âîäèëñÿ â ðàìêàõ ïðîåêòà ««Ñîõðàíåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ÿçûêîâ íàðî- äîâ Ñåâåðíîãî Êàâêàçà», ðåàëèçóåìîãî Êàëìûöêèì ãîñóäàðñòâåí- íûì óíèâåðñèòåòîì ïðè ïîääåðæêå Ïðîãðàììû Ñîâåòà Åâðîïû «Ìåðû ïî óêðåïëåíèþ äîâåðèÿ». Âûñòóïëåíèÿ ó÷àñòíèêîâ ñåìèíàðà ïðåäñòàâëåíû â ñáîðíè- êå â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ïðîãðàììîé ñåìèíàðà.  ÷àñòè ïåðâîé «Ñîõðà- íåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ÿçûêîâ: ÿçûêîâîå ïëàíèðîâàíèå â Åâðîïå» ïðåä- ñòàâëåíû äîêëàäû ó÷åíûõ èç Êàòàëîíèè, Èðëàíäèè è Øâåéöàðèè, ïðåäñòàâèâøèõ îïûò åâðîïåéñêèõ ðåãèîíîâ, ïëîäîòâîðíî çàíèìà- þùèõñÿ âîïðîñàìè ñîõðàíåíèÿ ÿçûêîâ ýòíè÷åñêèõ ìåíüøèíñòâ. ×àñòü âòîðàÿ «Ñîõðàíåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ÿçûêîâ: îïûò ÿçûêîâî- ãî ïëàíèðîâàíèÿ â Ðîññèè» âêëþ÷àåò äîêëàäû ó÷åíûõ èç Äàãåñòà- íà, ×å÷íè, Áóðÿòèè, Òàòàðñòàíà è Êàëìûêèè, â êîòîðûõ äàí àíàëèç îïûòà ðîññèéñêèõ ðåãèîíîâ â äàííîé îáëàñòè.  ýòîé ÷àñòè ïðåä- ñòàâëåíà òàêæå ñòàòüÿ Áîñ÷àåâîé Í.Ö. è Êîðíóñîâîé Á.Ý. «Ñîöèî- ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ â Ðåñïóáëèêå Êàëìûêèÿ», îïèñûâàþùàÿ ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå ðåçóëüòàòû ñîöèîëîãè÷åñêîãî îïðîñà, ïðîâåäåí- íîãî â èþëå 2005 ã. â ðàìêàõ óêàçàííîãî ïðîåêòà. Ñåìèíàð «Ñîõðàíåíèå è ðàçâèòèå ÿçûêîâ: ÿçûêîâîå ïëàíèðî- âàíèå â Åâðîïå è Ðîññèè» ïðîâîäèëñÿ ïàðàëëåëüíî ñ ìåæäóíàðîä- íîé íàó÷íî-ïðàêòè÷åñêîé êîíôåðåíöèåé «Äæàíãàð â Åâðàçèéñêîì 9 ïðîñòðàíñòâå», îðãàíèçîâàííîãî Êàëìûöêèì ãîñóäàðñòâåííûì óíèâåðñèòåòîì ïðè ïîääåðæêå Ðîññèéñêîãî ãóìàíèòàðíîãî íàó÷- íîãî ôîíäà. Êàëìûöêèé ãåðîè÷åñêèé ýïîñ «Äæàíãàð» ÿâëÿåòñÿ êóëüòóðíûì äîñòîÿíèåì ìîíãîëîÿçû÷íûõ íàðîäîâ è, ïðåæäå âñå- ãî, îéðàòñêîé ãðóïïû: êàëìûêîâ (Ðîññèÿ), çàïàäíûõ ìîíãîëîâ (Ìîíãîëèÿ) è ñèíüöçÿíñêèõ îéðàòîâ (Êèòàé). Âïåðâûå åâðîïåéñ- êèé ÷èòàòåëü ïîçíàêîìèëñÿ ñ ýïè÷åñêîé òðàäèöèåé ìîíãîëüñêèõ íàðîäîâ ÷åðåç ïóáëèêàöèþ íà íåìåöêîì ÿçûêå îäíîé ïåñíè «Äæàí- ãàðà», îñóùåñòâëåííóþ Âåíèàìèíîì Áåðãìàíîì â 1804 ã. 200-ëå- òèþ ýòîãî
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