ISSN 2221-2698 Electronic Scientific journal «Arctic and North» Arkhangelsk 2013. №12 Arctic and North. 2013. № 12 2 ISSN 2221-2698 Arctic and North. 2013. № 12 Electronic periodical edition © Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, 2013 © Editorial Board of the Electronic Journal ‘Arctic and North’, 2013 Published at least 4 times a year The journal is registered: in Roskomnadzor as electronic periodical edition in Russian and English. Evidence of the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, information technology and mass communications El. number FS77-42 809 of 26 November 2010; in The ISSN International Centre – in the world catalogue of the serials and prolonged re- sources. ISSN 2221-2698; in the system of the Russian Science Citation Index. License agreement. № 96-04/2011R from the 12 April 2011; in the Depository in the electronic editions FSUE STC ‘Informregistr’ (registration certificate № 543 от 13 October 2011) and it was also given a number of state registrations 0421200166. in the database EBSCO Publishing (Massachysets, USA). Licence agreement from the 19th of December 2012. Founder – Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov. Chef Editor − Lukin Yury Fedorovich, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor. Money is not taken from the authors, graduate students, for publishing articles and other materials, fees are not paid. An editorial office considers it possible to publish the articles, the conceptual and theoretical positions of the authors, which are good for discussion. Published ma- terials may not reflect the opinions of the editorial officer. All manuscripts are reviewed. The Edi- torial Office reserves the right to choose the most interesting and relevant materials, which should be published in the first place. All issues are freely available in the internet on the web pages: http://narfu.ru/aan/. Infor- mation for the authors is published on the web site of NArFU: http://narfu.ru/aan/author.php. Interdisciplinary electronic scientific journal ‘Arctic and North’ is made for universities and research institutions, for federal, state and regional government and for business organizations, culture, and institutions of all types, as well as for the general public, both in Russia and abroad. Journal is published the articles, where the main object of the research are Arctic and North, and so it is published the articles on the several scientific research branches: regional stud- ies, like a science about the regions in their unity of social, economic, political, cultural and subjec- tive approaches; management and economy; philosophical and social sciences; management and economy; historical sciences and archeology; culturology; science about Earth and including also economic, social, political and recreational geography; biological sciences, including also ecology (branches). We will be happy to see you as an author in the journal! Arctic and North. 2013. № 12 3 CONTENTS Regionology of Arctic and North: management, economy, society, culture Filimonova N. N.Who should rule on the Russian Arctic shelf? 4 Belitsyn V. N.About the self-regulatory organizations 14 Indigenous people of the Arctic and North Kirko V. I., Zakharova K. N.Traditional economic activity – ethno-preserved life style 22 Lukin Y. F.Do nents people the ethnos, which disappear? 29 Sokolova F. H. Indigenous people of the Arctic: concept, the current status of culture 47 Bidnaya K. V.Traditional culture and modern social organization of the evenks 64 Bugaeva K. M.The unique population of dolgani 71 Golovina U. I.,Yarunicheva V. F.People, who are living on the territory of 4 Arctic states — saami (lopari) 77 Ershova J. V.Tlingit – indigenious people of the North America 84 Kartcev Y. N.Religious views and the problem of preservation mother tongue of the evenks 89 Kononova A. I.Chuvans – are one of the largest tribes of yukagirs 95 Crimskii A. V.Chukotskii ethnos in the ethno-cultural space 102 Leontieva A. V., Bugaeva K. M.The history and culture of the nenets population 113 Romanko J. I.Itelmeni - are of the most ancient population on the planet 122 Starikov V. V., Kolihaev R. I.The traditional culture of the esquimau 131 Informational resources Guseva S. E.Indigenous people of the arctic and north: bibliographical list 138 Biological Sciences Dorovskikh G. N., Stepanov V. G.Parasites fauna and structure of the component para- site communities minnow phoxinus phoxinus (l.) from river and Sea-u Karalake and 150 curves on the island Kolguev Summary Authors 156 Abstracts, keywords 158 Выходные данные/Outputdata 161 Arctic and North. 2013. № 12 4 REGIONOLOGY OF THE ARCTIC AND NORTH: MANAGEMENT, ECONOMY, SOZIUM,CULTURE UDK 323(985) WHO SHOULD RULE ON THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC SHELF? © FilimonovaNadezhda Nikolaevna, master's degree in conflict resolution at Uppsala University, a specialist of the department of the academic mo- bility UMC Russian State Hydrometeorological University (St. Peters- burg).E-mail: [email protected] Abstract.In the article analyzes the policy of the government (ministries) of Russia, state-owned and private energy companies, their motives and interests in the exploitation of oil and gas resources on the continental shelf of the Arctic seas. We research the questions: Are the interests of the government and state-owned companies (‛Gazprom’ and ‛Rosneft’) similar, is there a possibility of participation of the private energy compa- nies in the Arctic offshore projects, timing of offshore projects in Russia: Do they the project of the immediate future or the resource base for the future generations Keywords:Arctic, shelf, the interest, the government, ‛Gazprom’, ‛Rosneft’, private companies Introduction For Russia, one of the leading countries of the Arctic, the Arctic has always been a region of exceptional national interest. Russia has a very long coastline and its Arctic sector covers an area of 9,460,000 square meters. km [1, p. 10]. Russian Arctic zone1is one of the richest regions of the country. The region has vast reserves of the natural resources: oil, gas, timber, gold, diamonds and nickel. The northern areas play a significant role in the socio-economic development of the coun- try. Today, the Russian Arctic zone produces about 80% oil and 90% of the gas [2], and produces about 20% of GDP. Also promising is the development of oil and gas in the Arctic continental shelf. An estimated U.S. Geological Survey, "in the Arctic, is up to 13% of the world's undiscovered oil and up to 30% - gas". [3] 1 At the end of January 2013 the Ministry of Regional Development published a draft federal law "On the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation", which determines the territory belonging to the Arctic zone of the country. URL: http://www.minregion.ru/documents/draft_documents/2714.html (Date of access: 07.03.2013). Arctic and North. 2013. № 12 5 Pic. 1.Arctic pantry. URL: http://www.74rif.ru/arc-klad.html Besides, the Northern Sea Route navigation is a promising backbone, which allows to signif- icantly reduce the distance between European and Asian markets. The development of the Rus- sian Arctic and Arctic energy and marine systems depends on the interests of the state and private companies. To understand the future development of the Russian Arctic important to determine the country's interests in the region. The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the policy and the fundamental interests of Russia in the Arctic region, and research into the relationship of govern- ment interests and strategies of public and private energy companies on the future development of the energy sector in the Arctic. The importance of the Arctic resources for the Economy of Russia The beginning of the new millennium was marked by changes in the policy of Russia and the increasing interest among government circles in the Arctic region. This was preceded by a number of reasons. First, the changing of the geopolitical situation in the Arctic. Climatic changes and the melting of the ice opens up new perspectives for the economic activity in the fishing, shipping, tourism and mining, thereby increasing international interest in the region. Thus, a num- ber of countries are showing considerable interest in the implementation of the opening economic opportunities in the region. In particular, Asian countries, defending their interest in the Arctic re- Arctic and North. 2013. № 12 6 gion, "appealing to the international legal concept of the" common heritage of mankind ", to which the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea does and Oceans" [3]. The changing geopolitical situation in the Arctic is a new threat to Russia's security, including environmental ha- zards, and creates a need to strengthen the defense capability to protect the sovereignty and eco- nomic interests of the country. As published in the 2001 Maritime Doctrine for the period up to 2020, in particular, refers to the protection and enforcement of the sovereign rights of Russia in the exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the continental shelf of Russia [4]. Second, the great importance for the Russian economy played hydrocarbon reserves in the North. Today, Russia exports about 70% oil and 30% gas resources [5] and the income derived from the production and export of oil and gas resources have become a major source of theeco- nomic development in the recent decades, accompanied by an increase in the scale of the produc- tion resources and rising global oil prices. According occupied at the time the Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin, "proceeds from the oil and gas sector accounted for nearly 50% of total rev- enues, expelled the budget in 2010" [6]. Besides the importance for the national economy, oil and gas is the key to the socio- economic development of the northern regions of the country [7, p. 264]. A number of the region- al officials have pointed out that with the launch of the Arctic energy projects pins hopes on the development of the key sectors of the northern regions of the country.