Kampala University Scientific Research Journal
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Kampala University Sceintific Research Journal KAMPALA UNIVERSITY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH JOURNAL Volume 4, Issue 1 2017. THEME: CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB -SAHARAN AFRICA. RESEARCH DIRECTORATE. University Journal and Grant Department. Kampala University Sceintific Research Journal THEME: “CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOP MENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.” Chief Editor Binenwa Jean Bosco (PhD) P.O Box 25454 Kampala, Uganda Tel. + (256) 788464853 Email: boscobine @gmail.com [email protected] Editorial Team Binenwa Bosco (Phd), Kampala University Russell Thomas (Phd)Kampala University Acikosibo Peace Beatrice (MBA) Katana Evelyne B.A, Soc. Sci.) James Oyuru (Msc.) Bamutenda Gloria (B.A Educ.) Editorial Board Advisors Al-Haj Prof. Emeritus Badru D Kateregga (National Hero), D.Lit(Hc) (KU) PhD (Ed)(Hc), TEAU, K.A.M (K.S.A), M.A.(London), .A.Hons (M.U.K), Dip. Educ, (Muk) - Chief Advisor Kampala University, Prof. ABT Byaruhanga –Akiiki, Kampala University, Associate Professor Suhail Nazir, Kampala University. Kampala University Sceintific Research Journal This is a publication of Kampala University. However, neither the editor nor Kampala University is responsible for the accuracy of the statements and arguments of the contributors. Except where otherwise stated, the opinions expressed in Kampala University Research Journal do not reflect the views of Kampala University, the editor, editorial board or the publishers. No article in this issue may be reprinted in whole or in part without the written permission from Kampala University. Subscriptions, orders, change of addresses and other matters should be sent to the editor at the above address. Copyright © 2014 Kampala University ISBN 978-1496091246 Uganda Kampala University Scientific Research Journal WORD FROM THE DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH DIRECTORATE. This Research Journal is concerned with the continual challenges and opportunities of finding sustainable patterns and processes of development within sub Saharan Africa for the forseeable future. This year is turning out to be one of global challenges and prospects for sustainable development. We are witnessing not only political upheaval and economic uncertainty but also tremendous transformational innovation and the emergence of fresh and creative thinking. In many countries, development reversals are being seen, with rising proportions of people below poverty lines and falling life expectancies. The pursuit of sustainable development is now stated as a principle policy of many of the major institutions of the world including the United Nations, the World Bank and the World Trade Organization. This is confirmation of how understanding of the global challenge of sustainable development has moved on to encompass the complex inter dependencies of environmental , social, and economic development. A close look at the Journal articles reveal such a pattern as issues higlighted range from education, finance, health care, migration and efficient use of resources to name a few. Sustainable development is a common challenge for the global community as a whole; it requires actions for change at all levels, addressing both the human and physical environments through interventions in physical, political, economic and social processes. i Kampala University Scientific Research Journal The challenges of sustainable development will certainly be seen to encompass better understanding of environmental processes, international collaboration in multilateral environmental agreements and be seen to include freedom from repression, the accountability of industry to stakeholders and the power of all individuals to participate in the decisions that shape the opportunities for their own development. Binenwa Jean Bosco (PhD) ii Kampala University Scientific Research Journal TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1. ASSESSING FACTORS FOR ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION (TAHRIIB), IN SOMALILAND. –A CASE STUDY OF HARGIESA REGION. By: Prof Abdishakur Sulub Hersi, Dr. Yusuf Nabira and Owek. Amb. Al-Haj Prof. Emeritus Badru D Kateregga (National Hero), D.Lit(Hc) (KU) PhD (Ed)(Hc), TEAU, K.A.M (K.S.A), M.A.(London), B.A.Hons (M.U.K), Dip. Educ, (Muk)................................................................. 1 2. THE EFFECT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ON HOUSEHOLDS IN SABON BIRNI, SOKOTO STATE, NIGERIA. BY: Dr. Binenwa Jean Bosco Garba Samaila, Harriet Nakanyike Mukoma............................................................................ 25 3. ASSESSMENT OF THE FACTORS LEADING TO MULTI DRUG RESISTANCE ON TB PATIENTS AT BOSASO TB CENTER, PUNTLAND. By: Dr. Thomas Russell (PhD)Aisha Ali Suleiman................... 45 4. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SURVIVAL OF YOUTH GROUPS IN MANGA SUB-COUNTY, NYAMIRA COUNTY, KENYA. By: By: Atambo Benjamin Katana Evelyne (B.A Soc. Sci)............ 68 5. EFFECTS OF ISLAMIC BANKING ON PROFITABILITY OF BANKING INSTITUTIONS A CASE OF SALAAM SOMALI BANK IN MOGADISHU, SOMALIA By: Dayah Abdi Kulmie, Harry James Oyuru (MSc), and Okechukwu Chukwu............................................................ 87 iii Kampala University Scientific Research Journal 6. AN ASSESSMENT OF GRADUATE TEACHERS’ COMPETENCE IN USING THE INTEGRATED APPROACH IN TEACHING KISWAHILI IN KISII COUNTY, KENYA BY: Nyamwembe Oliver and Duke J.M. Kinanga, Bamutenda Gloria (B.A Educ.)............................................... 112 7. THE EFFECT OF COMMUNICATION ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: (A CASE STUDY OF OLYMPIC EXPRESS MONEY TRANSFER, KAMPALA) By: Acikosibo Peace Beatrice1 (Phd), Shukri Hussein Omar....... 129 8. MEDICAL ERROR REPORTING AMONG LAB TECHNICIANS AND PHYSICIANS “A CASE STUDY BAY HAAW AND BAIDOA GENERAL HOSPITAL” By: Abdullahi Mohamed Hussein, Muhire Kanyamasoro and Mbowa Henry Stanley (MBA)...................................................... 149 9. INFLUENCE OF MULTIPLE DRUG ABUSE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF LEARNERS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN RACHUONYO SUB – COUNTY, KENYA. By: Collince Odongo Manyallah Obong’o and Dr. M.F.Ambuchi ..................................................................... 170 1 THE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES. iv Kampala University Scientific Research Journal v Kampala University Scientific Research Journal ASSESSING FACTORS FOR ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION (TAHRIIB), IN SOMALI LAND. A CASE STUDY OF –HARGIESA REGION. By: Prof Abdishakur Sulub Hersi, Dr. Yusuf Nabira and Owek. Amb. Al-Haj Prof. Emeritus Badru D Kateregga (National Hero), D.Lit(Hc) (KU) PhD (Ed)(Hc), TEAU, K.A.M (K.S.A), M.A.(London), B.A.Hons (M.U.K), Dip. Educ,(Muk) ABSTRACT This study focused on causes and consequences of Illegal migration particularly among the youth in Somaliland. The study shows the evidence of the magnitude of out-migration among the youth (in the longer term) and the impact and consequences inherited by society as a result of the youth exodus to the west. The scope of the study was among Somalis particularly in Somaliland. The process involved engaging in one on one interviews with 50 of the affected families mainly parents. The study also incorporated recorded interviews conducted by SL TV’s private and public (Somaliland National Television & Horn Cable TV, Local websites and newspapers) and other independent agencies. Majority of the respondents of this research were parents sharing their stories about the irregular migration. Some of them lost their children and had not heard anything since they left home. Some had already lost their children but could not confirm whether they were alive or dead. The findings show that, though the income levels of these families are low, they are forced by the smugglers (Magafe) to pay huge sums of monies which can range from between US $5,000, 1 Kampala University Scientific Research Journal to US $10,000 based on the nature of the smuggler encountered, the time of year and the market conditions. Poor national economic performance (reducing the chances of a good paying job), improving standards of living, receiving a foreign education and obtaining a foreign passport are all inducements and attractions pushing the youth into this activity. Ninety five percent (95%) of the respondents indicated that social media (facebook watsap, twitter etc) also strongly influence the illegal immigration as communication is cheap (affordable) and reliable. The research found that the numbers of young migrants are increasing because those who have already made it to Europe would hardly mention the perils of the journey. All that the young people in Somaliland see is their friends and families having a good time and being safe in a foreign country. The truth is hardly told to the prospective migrants who embark on the very dangerous journey without being properly informed. Seventy four percent (74%) of the respondents indicated that illegal immigration results in financial crises for the families involved; while 11% say it causes huge social family problems as well. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended the following: The Somaliland political Administration formulate and implement laws to combat smuggling in all its forms, particularly human smuggling. The majority of interviewed parents declared that the government administration does not have the legal capacity to carry out proper investigation of illegal migration and have not yet adopted processes of prosecuting those guilty of the offense. 2 Kampala University Scientific Research Journal The other aspect is that Somaliland is not yet part of any regional arrangements