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Advances in the Study of Schistosomiasis: the Postgenomic Era

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Advances in the Study of Schistosomiasis: the Postgenomic Era Journal of Parasitology Research Advances in the Study of Schistosomiasis: The Postgenomic Era Guest Editors: Cristina Toscano Fonseca, Sergio Costa Oliveira, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, and Rashika El Ridi Advances in the Study of Schistosomiasis: The Postgenomic Era Journal of Parasitology Research Advances in the Study of Schistosomiasis: The Postgenomic Era Guest Editors: Cristina ToscanoFonseca, Sergio Costa Oliveira, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, and Rashika El Ridi Copyright © 2013 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Journal of Parasitology Research.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Takeshi Agatsuma, Japan Ana Maria Jansen, Brazil A. F. Petavy, France Jeffrey Bethony, USA MariaV.Johansen,Denmark Benjamin M. Rosenthal, USA Dave Chadee, USA Nirbhay Kumar, USA Joseph Schrevel, France Kwang Poo Chang, USA D. S. Lindsay, USA Jose´ F. Silveira, Brazil Wej Choochote, Thailand Bernard Marchand, France M. J. Stear, UK Alvin A. Gajadhar, Canada Renato A. Mortara, Brazil Xin-zhuan Su, USA C. Genchi, Italy Domenico Otranto, Italy Kazuyuki Tanabe, Japan Boyko B. Georgiev, Bulgaria Barbara Papadopoulou, Canada Contents Advances in the Study of Schistosomiasis: The Postgenomic Era, Cristina Toscano Fonseca, Sergio Costa Oliveira, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, and Rashika El Ridi Volume 2013, Article ID 849103, 2 pages Cytokine Pattern of T Lymphocytes in Acute Schistosomiasis mansoni Patients following Treated Praziquantel Therapy, Denise Silveira-Lemos, Matheus Fernandes Costa-Silva, Amanda Cardoso de Oliveira Silveira, Mauricio Azevedo Batista, Lucia´ Alves Oliveira-Fraga, Alda Maria Soares Silveira, Maria Carolina Barbosa Alvarez, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Giovanni Gazzinelli, Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira,ˆ and Andrea´ Teixeira-Carvalho Volume 2013, Article ID 909134, 13 pages Cytokine and Chemokine Profile in Individuals with Different Degrees of Periportal Fibrosis due to Schistosoma mansoni Infection, Robson Da Paixao˜ De Souza, Luciana Santos Cardoso, Giuseppe Tittoni Varela Lopes, Maria Cec´ılia F. Almeida, Ricardo Riccio Oliveira, Leda Maria Alcantara,ˆ Edgar M. Carvalho, and Maria Ilma Araujo Volume 2012, Article ID 394981, 10 pages New Frontiers in Schistosoma Genomics and Transcriptomics, Laila A. Nahum, Marina M. Mourao,˜ and Guilherme Oliveira Volume 2012, Article ID 849132, 11 pages Changes in T-Cell and Monocyte Phenotypes In Vitro by Schistosoma mansoni Antigens in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients, Aline Michelle Barbosa Bafica, Luciana Santos Cardoso, Sergio´ Costa Oliveira, Alex Loukas, Alfredo Goes,´ Ricardo Riccio Oliveira, Edgar M. Carvalho, and Maria Ilma Araujo Volume 2012, Article ID 520308, 10 pages Transcriptional Profile and Structural Conservation of SUMO-Specific Proteases in Schistosoma mansoni, Roberta Verciano Pereira, Fernanda Janku Cabral, Matheus de Souza Gomes, Liana Konovaloff Jannotti-Passos, William Castro-Borges, and Renata Guerra-Sa´ Volume 2012, Article ID 480824, 7 pages Schistosoma Tegument Proteins in Vaccine and Diagnosis Development: An Update, Cristina Toscano Fonseca, Gardeniaˆ Braz Figueiredo Carvalho, Clarice Carvalho Alves, and Tatiane Teixeira de Melo Volume 2012, Article ID 541268, 8 pages Pathogenicity of Trichobilharzia spp. for Vertebrates,LichtenbergovaLucieandHor´ ak´ Petr Volume 2012, Article ID 761968, 9 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Parasitology Research Volume 2013, Article ID 849103, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/849103 Editorial Advances in the Study of Schistosomiasis: The Postgenomic Era Cristina Toscano Fonseca,1 Sergio Costa Oliveira,2 Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho,1 and Rashika El Ridi3 1 Centro de Pesquisas ReneRachou,Fundac´ ¸ao˜ Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil 2 Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil 3 Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt Correspondence should be addressed to Cristina Toscano Fonseca; [email protected] Received 3 March 2013; Accepted 3 March 2013 Copyright © 2013 Cristina Toscano Fonseca et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem in In this special issue, a review by C. T. Fonseca et al. 76 countries and territories of the world, with more than givesanupdateonhowparasitegenomestogetherwith 200 million individuals infected, causing annual losses of 10.4 bioinformatics tools have helped in vaccine and diagnosis million in DALYs (disability adjusted to life years). Although development in the last few years. Since the parasite surface effective drugs against schistosomiasis are used in disease represents an interesting target for the host immune system, control programs, the prevalence of the disease remains this review was focused on parasite tegument as a source of unaltered, and new diseases foci and acute outbreaks are antigens. observed worldwide. Also, drug resistance by the parasites is Although the genome from the three most socioeconom- a concern, and new drugs and alternative control measures ically important schistosome species had already been pub- need to be developed. lished, many questions continue to challenge researchers. The An effective vaccine against schistosomiasis is an alterna- review by L. A. Nahum and coworkers discusses the advances tive and desirable tool to help in the disease control; however, on schistosome genomics and transcriptomics studies and thecomplexschistosomelifecycleandthecomplexityof point out the gaps and future directions in this research field. its interaction with the host immune system turn vaccine An example on how parasite genome database helps development into a difficult task. Neither drug development in understanding the parasite biology is presented in the nor vaccine development is sufficient to ensure the success paper by R. V. Pereira and colleagues. In their article, of schistosomiasis control programs. As a matter of fact, the using in silico analysis, they identified in the S. mansoni combination of an effective vaccine together with chemother- genome orthologs of the mammalian Sentrin/SUMO-specific apy is the strategy of choice. Many studies also demonstrate proteases (SENPs) 1 and 7,which are involved in many cellular that without a more sensitive diagnosis test, able to detect processes. The S. mansoni SENPs transcriptional profile as individuals with low parasite burden, no control strategy well as its structural conservation was analyzed. will achieve the desirable result which nowadays is diseases Just as important as understanding the biology of the elimination. parasite is deciphering how the host immune system deals The access to the genome from Schistosoma man- with schistosome infection and its relation to the pathogene- soni, Schistosoma japonicum, and Schistosoma haematobium sis of the disease. Clinically schistosomiasis is characterized recently published is expected to increase rapidly our under- bytwodistinctphases:theacuteandthechronicphase. standing of the parasite biology and also accelerate the The acute phase is commonly observed in individuals living development of new drugs, vaccine, and diagnosis methods in nonendemic area, while chronic phase is observed in by helping in the identification of new targets. endemic-area residents. 2 Journal of Parasitology Research D. Silveira-Lemos et al. evaluated in their article immuno- logical parameters in patients with acute schistosomiasis before and after praziquantel treatment. Interesting differ- ences are demonstrated by the authors between noninfected, acute, and treated group, and a role for CD8+ T cells as a source of cytokines in acute patients is pointed by this study. The cytokine and chemokine profile observed in PBMCs from individuals infected with S. mansoni in response to specific stimulation and its correlation with different degrees of periportal fibrosis is described by R. P. de Souza and colleagues in their research article. Their results indicate potential biomarkers for the progression of liver pathology duetoschistosomiasis. Many schistosome antigens have been described to modulate inflammatory diseases such as asthma. A. M. B. Baficaetal.evaluatedintheirarticletheimpactofthe S. mansoni antigens: Sm29, TSP-2, and PIII in PBMCs culture from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients stimulated with L. braziliensis antigen. Their results demonstrated that schistosomeantigensinduceamodulatoryphenotypewith decreased monocyte activation and increased expression of T-lymphocyte modulatory molecules. Trichobilharzia spp. infection results in bird schistoso- miases, which causes severe pathogenic impact in birds and frequently results in cercarial dermatitis in humans. In their article, L. Lucie and H. Petr review the pathogenesis of bird schistosomiasis and the immune response triggered by Trichobilharzia spp. infection with emphasis on the new species T. regent. We hope you enjoy reading this special issue! Cristina Toscano Fonseca Sergio Costa Oliveira Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho Rashika El Ridi Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Parasitology Research Volume 2013, Article ID 909134,
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