The Naval Surface Warfare Market

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Naval Surface Warfare Market Forecast International Market Segment Analysis Product Code 675 The Naval Surface Warfare Market The Naval Surface Warfare Market Table of Contents Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................2 Tactical Requirements..................................................................................................................................................4 Platforms.....................................................................................................................................................................10 Weapons......................................................................................................................................................................11 Competitive Environment............................................................................................................................................15 Market Statistics ........................................................................................................................................................25 Table 1 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Unit Production by Manufacturer ...................................................26 Table 2 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Value of Production by Manufacturerer..........................................28 Figure 1 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Unit Production, Bar Chart ........................................................32 Figure 2 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Value of Production, Bar Chart .................................................32 Table 3 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Unit Production by Company..........................................................33 Table 4 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Value of Production by Company...................................................34 Table 5 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Unit Production, % Market Share by Company..............................35 Table 6 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Value of Production, % Market Share by Company .......................36 Figure 3 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Unit Production, % Market Share, Pie Chart.............................37 Figure 4 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Value of Production, % Market Sharer, Pie Chart.....................37 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................................38 CD ROM (To utilize any of the electronic documents contained in this product, please follow the instructions listed on the blue disk sleeve.) Microsoft® Excel Spreadsheets Table 1 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Unit Production by Manufacturer Table 2 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Value of Production by Manufacturer Table 5 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Unit Production, % Market Share by Company Table 6 - The Naval Surface Warfare Market Value of Production, % Market Share by Company Microsoft® PowerPoint® Presentation Microsoft® Word Document Systems Covered Manufacturer Engine Application ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AEROSPATIALE EXOCET CG/DD/FF/FFL/FAC-M (VARIOUS) BAE SYSTEMS SEAWOLF DD/FF (VARIOUS) Forecast International Market Segment Analysis Product Code 675 The Naval Surface Warfare Market Manufacturer Engine Application ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BOEING MISSILES HARPOON CG/DD/FF/FFL/FAC-M (VARIOUS) CHELOMEY/RADUGA RUSSIAN SSM ANTI-SHIP MISSILES (VARIOUS) CNPMIEC CHINESE ANTISHIP MISSILES ASUW (VARIOUS) CSIST HSIUNG FENG I/II CG/DD/FF/FFL/FAC-M (TAIWAN) EUROSAM GIE ASTER 15 CVL/DD/FF (VARIOUS) EUROSAM GIE ASTER 15 PAAMS (VARIOUS) EUROSAM GIE ASTER 30 DD (VARIOUS) ISRAEL AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES GABRIEL CG/DD/FF/FFL/FAC-M (VARIOUS) KIA HEAVY INDUSTRIES MK 45 MOD 4 KDX (KOREAN NAVY) KONGSBERG PENGUIN ANTI-SHIP MISSILE (VARIOUS) MATRA OTOMAT CG/DD/FF/FFL/FAC-M (VARIOUS) OTO MELARA OTO MELARA 127 MM L54 DD (NETHERLANDS NAVY) OTO MELARA OTO MELARA 127 MM L54 DD (JAPANESE NAVY) OTO MELARA OTO MELARA 127 MM L64 FF (ITALIAN NAVY) OTO MELARA OTO MELARA 127 MM L64 FF (FRENCH NAVY) OTO MELARA OTO MELARA 76 MM L62 DD/FF/FFL/FAC (VARIOUS) OTO MELARA OTO MELARA 40 MM GUN FF/DD (PLAN) RAFAEL BARAK FFL/FAC-M (VARIOUS) RAYTHEON CO RIM-116 RAM CV/CVL/DD/FF (VARIOUS) RAYTHEON CO RIM-66/67 STANDARD CV/CVL/DD/FF (VARIOUS) SAAB AB RBS-15 FFL/FAC-M (SWEDEN) THALES GOALKEEPER FF/DD/LPD/AO (VARIOUS) UNITED DEFENSE MK 45 MODS 0-2A DD/FF (VARIOUS) UNITED DEFENSE MK 45 MODS 0-4 CG/CGN/DD/DDG/LHA (USN) UNITED DEFENSE BOFORS 57 MM L70 FAC/FF (RSN) UNITED DEFENSE BOFORS 57 MM L70 FAC/FF (FINNISH NAVY) UNITED DEFENSE BOFORS 57 MM L70 OPV (COAST GUARD) UNITED DEFENSE BOFORS 57 MM L70 DD(X) (USN) UNITED DEFENSE BOFORS 57 MM L70 LCS (USN) .
Recommended publications
  • Saudi Arabia Enter the 21St Century: the Military and Internal Security
    CSIS__________________________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775-3270 (To comment: [email protected]) Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century: The Military and Internal Security Dimension VI. The Saudi Navy Final Review Anthony H. Cordesman Arleigh A. Burke Chair for Strategy Center for Strategic and International Studies October 30, 2002 Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century: The Military Dimension I – Strategic Challenges 11/6/2002 Page ii Introduction This analysis is being circulated for comment as part of the CSIS “Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century Project.” It will be extensively revised before final publication. Those interested in commenting, or in participating in the project, should contact Anthony H. Cordesman at the address shown on the cover sheet at [email protected]. This draft is copyright. It may be referenced, or quoted at lengths of less than one page, with proper attribution to the author and CSIS, and to the fact it is a draft document. Copyright Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century: The Military Dimension I – Strategic Challenges 11/6/2002 Page iii The CSIS “Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century Project” The CSIS is undertaking a new project to examine the trends shaping the future of Saudi Arabia and its impact on the stability of the Gulf. This project is supported by the Smith Richardson Foundation and builds on the work done for the CSIS Strategic Energy Initiative, the CSIS Net Assessment of the Middle East, and the Gulf in Transition Project.
    [Show full text]
  • PRESS RELEASE Paris, 25Th JUNE 2019
    PRESS RELEASE Paris, 25th JUNE 2019 Naval Group welcomes the Minister for the Armed Forces Florence Parly to its Lorient shipyard to celebrate the end of construction of the FREMM frigate Normandie. Naval Group is extremely honored to host the French Minister for the Armed Forces, Florence Parly. This celebration marks not only the end of work on the six multi-mission frigates, but also the beginning of the manufacturing of the FREMM frigates with reinforced air defence capabilities and of the Defence and Intervention Frigate (FDI), the first fully digital warships. Hervé Guillou, CEO of Naval Group, and Admiral Christophe Prazuck, Chief of Staff of the French Navy, hosted the Minister for the Armed Forces on board the Normandie frigate for a visit. This warship was delivered in a record time of 40 months, the shortest completion time of the whole multi-mission frigates program. Florence Parly and Hervé Guillou had the opportunity to discuss the ongoing and future surface ships programs built in Lorient: FREMM, FDI and aircraft carriers. Hervé Guillou claimed: “We are proud to meet the expectations set by the Millitary Programming Law. Today, with the completion of the FREMM Normandie, Naval Group has fulfilled its commitment. This industrial and technical success, which represents more than 2.5 millions working hours, encourages us to keep on completing our mission in service of our national and international clients. This project shows once again the firm’s capacity to respect its engagements in terms of costs, deadlines and performance”. Industrial excellence The Normandie is the sixth French multi-mission FREMM frigate.
    [Show full text]
  • SAMP/T Autonomy 360° Protection No Restriction Long-Range to Date, SAMP/T Systems Are in Service Rotating Omnidirectional - Preserve in France and Italy
    Mobility Interoperability Fast deployment Easy to integrate into - Compatible with Swiss all types of air defense - roads and Infrastructures. NATO included. The European solution 30 years of cooperation to protect sovereignty In operational service, Eurosam systems are fully Mission-proven capable of defeating present and future threats. Operational Simplicity deployments SAMP/ T Suitable for all EUROSAM is the leading French-Italian JV in europe that designs, for protection of very high value types of armed produces and sells, long range ground and naval based air assets and sensitive forces. defense systems. The JV was created by MBDA and THALES, European areas including Reduced staff. leaders in missiles, systems and radars, endowing it with major in conflict area. expertise in terms of operational requirements for air defense. SAMP/T Autonomy 360° protection No restriction Long-Range To date, SAMP/T systems are in service Rotating omnidirectional - Preserve in France and Italy. radar 1 turn/ second - country Agile missile launched sovereignty. Surface-To-Air System vertically. Protection tailored © EUROSAM - Designed by: / July 2020 to the needs of air space Nations using SAMP/T Operational deployments of SAMP/T In addition, more than 50 ASTER missile-based systems are in service in 12 armed forces around the world. Centre d’Affaires La Boursidière Rue de la Boursidière - Bâtiment K F-92357 Le Plessis Robinson Cedex Tel: +33 (0)1 41 87 14 14 Mail: [email protected] www.eurosam.com Long-range ground Single missile T based integrated air SAMP/T, continuous adaptation to defeat all types of threats to the threat and missile defense system 2050 / ASTER missile covers from short to long-range missions including to protect airspace its self-defense.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey's S-400 Dilemma
    EDAM Foreign Policy and Security Paper Series 2017/5 Turkey’s S-400 Dilemma July, 2017 Dr. Can Kasapoglu Defense Analyst, EDAM 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • This report’s core military assessment of a possible • In fact, modern air defense concepts vary between S-400 deal concludes that Ankara’s immediate aim is fighter aircraft-dominant postures, SAM-dominant to procure the system primarily for air defense missi- postures, and balanced force structures. However, if ons as a surface-to-air missile (SAM) asset, rather than Ankara is to replace its fighter aircraft-dominant con- performing ballistic missile defense (BMD) functions. cept with a SAM and aircraft mixed understanding, This priority largely stems from the Turkish Air Force’s which could be an effective alternative indeed, then currently low pilot-to-cockpit ratio (0.8:1 by open- it has to maintain utmost interoperability within its source 2016 estimates). Thus, even if the procurement principal arsenal. Key importance of interoperability is to be realized, Turkey will first and foremost operate between aircraft and integrated air and missile defense the S-400s as a stopgap measure to augment its air systems can be better understood by examining the superiority calculus over geo-strategically crucial areas. Israeli Air Force’s (IAF) recent encounter in the Syrian This is why the delivery time remains a key condition. airspace. On March 17, 2017, a Syrian S-200 (SA-5) battery fired an anti-aircraft missile to hunt down an • Although it is not a combat-tested system, not only IAF fixed-wing aircraft (probably an F-15 or F-16 Russian sources but also many Western military variant).
    [Show full text]
  • French Armed Forces Update November 2020
    French Armed Forces Update November 2020 This paper is NOT an official publication from the French Armed Forces. It provides an update on the French military operations and main activities. The French Defense Attaché Office has drafted it in accordance with open publications. The French Armed Forces are heavily deployed both at home and overseas. On the security front, the terrorist threat is still assessed as high in France and operation “Sentinelle” (Guardian) is still going on. Overseas, the combat units are extremely active against a determined enemy and the French soldiers are constantly adapting their courses of action and their layout plans to the threat. Impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic, the French Armed Forces have resumed their day-to-day activities and operations under the sign of transformation and modernization. DeuxIN huss arMEMORIAMds parachut istes tués par un engin explosif improvisé au Mali | Zone Militaire 09/09/2020 11:16 SHARE On September 5th, during a control operation within the Tessalit + region, three hussards were seriously injured after the explosion & of an Improvised Explosive Device. Despite the provision of + immediate care and their quick transportation to the hospital, the ! hussard parachutiste de 1ère classe Arnaud Volpe and + brigadier-chef S.T1 died from their injuries. ' + ( Après la perte du hussard de 1ere classe Tojohasina Razafintsalama, le On23 November 12th, during a routine mission in the vicinity of juillet, lors d’une attaque suicide commise avec un VBIED [véhicule piégé], le 1er Régiment de Hussards Parachutistes [RHP] a une nouvelle fois été Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, nine members of the Multinational endeuillé, ce 5 septembre.
    [Show full text]
  • Ami Project Report
    AAI L-3 Integrated Systems ABB Process Solutions & Service L-3 Klein Associates Abeking & Rasmussen L-3 MAPPS Amicus L-3 Ocean Systems Argon ST L-3 SPD Technologies Armaris L-3 Wescam ASELAN LaCroix ASMAR Shipbuilding Lazard Carnegie Wylie Atlas Elektronik GmbH Lloyd's Register EMEA AuAVEVAstralian Submarine Corp. Lockheed Martin BBAE INSYTEabcock International Group Lopac Pty Ltd BAE North America Lurssen Werft BAE Ship Systems MacArtney AS BAE Systems Land and Armament Malaysian Navy Bath Iron Works Mandanis Applied Technologies Blohm + Voss MATCOM BMT Defence Services Ltd Mazagon Dock Ltd Boeing MBDA Bofors Defense AB Mac Taggart Scott Bofra Monch Publishing Bosch Rexroth M Ship Co. Boston Whaler MTU BrahMos Aerospace Pve. Ltd NATO HQ - Belgium Campbell Industries Naval Surface Warfare Center Caterpillar Navantia CEDOCAR Navy International Programs Office CEA Technologies Pty Ltd Newport News Shipbuilding Central Marine Design Bureau Almaz Nexus Communications Central Marine Design Bureau Rubin Northrop Grumman Ship Systems Chilean Navy Noske-Kaeser GmbH Cincinnati Gear Co. OCEA Cunico Corp. Oerlikon-Contraves David Brown Engineering Orizzonte Sistemi Navali S.p.A DCNS Philippine Navy DGA Polish Navy Dornier Pratt & Whitney DRS Technologies Qatar Armed Forces Joint EW Center EADS Defense Communications QinetiQ EADS Defense Electronics Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems EADS Defense & Security Systems Raytheon International ECA Ericsson Microwave Systems Raytheon Missile Company Evonik Foams Inc. Reflex Advanced Marine EMS Development Corp Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH Energy Power Systems Rockwell Collins Eurosam Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Fincantieri Rolls-Royce Finmeccanica S.p.A. Saab French Embassy Saab Grintek Defence Pty Ltd Furness Enterprise Ltd Saab Bofors Dynamics G&M Power Plant Saab Danmark General Dynamics-Advanced Systems Sagem Defense Securite Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Executive Summary In
    Missile Defence Around the World Conclusions for Poland diminish. On the other hand, however, Executive Summary modernisation of Russian missile forces, Moscow’s violations of INF treaty as well Proliferation of weapons of mass as increasingly aggressive rhetoric in the destruction and missile technologies is a NATO-Russia relations cause concerns. growing threat to NATO member states, From the Polish perspective, principal their territories and citizens. Although the issue lies in assuring the ability to provide number of nuclear warheads around the point missile defence against a potential world decreases, states’ nuclear threat of Russia’s ballistic missile strike. capabilities continue to expand with The strategic area that has been development of ever-more precise neglected for many years is the Polish air delivery systems. Approximately 30 defence system. Until now, the core of the states around the World, including Iran Polish weaponry against the air attack has and North Korea, possess or strive to been based on Soviet missile systems. acquire advanced missile technologies. After many years of neglect, the MoD Growing tensions between NATO and planners as well as the policy-makers Russia challenge the air defence realised that further delay of the technical capabilities of the alliance’s eastern flank. modernisation in these areas is no longer By implementing A2AD strategies, Russia possible. As a result, Polish Air Force is puts in question NATO’s capacity to come expected to obtain 8 batteries of medium to aid and assistance of threatened range air defence system WISŁA, which members. Although the Alliance declares are capable of hitting aircraft targets at a that the aim of a NATO Missile Defence distance of 100 km and ballistic missile capability is to provide coverage and targets with a range of 1000 km.
    [Show full text]
  • Aster Family
    ASTER FAMILY FACTS & FIGURES Aster systems family key figures 3 domestic customer countries 6 export customer countries 12 customer forces (navies, armies, air forces) 78 weapon systems ordered or in plans, 55 delivered 21 systems for export 1800 missiles ordered or in plans, 1300 delivered 11 bn€ global investment (domestic + export) since 1990 Aster Systems Family ONE single missile concept for many Air & Missile Defence applications: Ground Based Air & Missile Defence: o SAMP/T in service with French Air Force and Italian Army o 1 Export country Naval Self-Defence: o SAAM/FR on aircraft carrier Charles-de-Gaulle o SAAM/IT on aircraft carrier Cavour o French FREMM frigates o 4 export Navies Naval Local Area Defence o PAAMS on French and Italian Horizon frigates o Sea Viper on UK Type 45 destroyers o SAAM ESD on Italian FREMM and PPA frigates o 2 export Navies Aster missiles can operate in conjunction with different radars Arabel for SAMP/T and SAAM /FR Empar for PAAMS and SAAM /IT Sampson for Sea Viper Herakles for French FREMMs DBR for Italian PPAs Grand Kronos for Italian FREMMs Aster missiles use vertical launchers For land applications Sylver A43 or A50 for naval application Aster missile concept is unique and unmatched Aster is a dual stage missile using 2 kinds of boosters to fit different types of missions Short booster for Aster 15 used in SAAM systems for self-defence Long booster for Aster 30 used in SAMP/T, PAAMS and SAAM ESD for area defence Aster terminal stage is common to the entire family to the exception of a limited adaptation (Block 1) for increased efficiency against Tactical Ballistic Missiles, thanks to a dual warhead.
    [Show full text]
  • MARITIME NEWS – 24 JUNE 2015 Russian Navy to Start Building New Lider-Class Destroyer in 2019
    MARITIME NEWS – 24 JUNE 2015 Russian Navy to Start Building New Lider-Class Destroyer in 2019 The Russian Navy unveiled Lider's designs at the Army-2015 international military technical forum earlier this week. According to the description, the vessel will have a displacement of approximately 17,500 tons, with a length of 200 meters and a breadth of 20 meters. The destroyer may be armed with up to 60 anti-ship cruise missiles, 128 anti- aircraft guided missiles, and 16 anti-ship guided missiles. The vessel may reach a speed of 30 knots and operate to up to 90 days without support "We plan to start construction of a Lider destroyer in 2019. We are currently carrying out design work," Chirkov said. He added that the capabilities of the new destroyers would be comparable with the capabilities of a cruiser. Russia is currently undergoing a $325-billion rearmament program for a 70-percent increase in its military's modern weaponry by 2020. Source: sputniknews Additional facts are- The Severnoye (Northern) Design Bureau has been given the engineering design preparation assignment; it plans to launch the work in 2015. The Navy of Russia intends to order 12 advanced Leader destroyers. A half of them will be designed for the Northern Fleet, and another half – for the Pacific Fleet, officials with the Defense Ministry of Russia said. The lead ship of the new class will join the Russian Navy not earlier than in 2023-2025. The Leader will be presented in two versions – with a nuclear powerplant and gas turbine power generating units.
    [Show full text]
  • Choosing Australia's Next Frigate
    STRATEGIC STRATEGIC INSIGHTS The next big grey thing – choosing Australia’s future frigate 131 Andrew Davies, Michael Shoebridge and James Mugg Introduction The SEA 5000 Future Frigate program has three separate broad objectives. The first is to replace the Anzac-class frigates from the mid-2020s, providing the RAN with a new class of warship with the desired capabilities. The second is industrial: faced with a steady loss of shipyard jobs over the past few years, the Australian Government wants work at the ASC Shipyard in South Australia to begin early in the 2020s. The third objective is to set up a continuous shipbuilding program that will continue to deliver locally built vessels in perpetuity, with an eye to being able to export systems, components or perhaps even warships in the future. There’s a tension between the first two objectives. The selection of a hull design hasn’t yet been made, although a decision is due in the near future. But it won’t be a matter of getting straight to work on the build—or at least it shouldn’t be. A large body of historical project performance data shows that beginning construction before the detailed design The Australian white ensign flying on HMAS Parramatta. © Image courtesy Australian Department of Defence May 2018 2 The next big grey thing – choosing Australia’s future frigate is largely locked down can result in costly and time-consuming problems down the track. And that includes the production engineering (or ‘productionising’, if we must)—the translation of a design into shipyard practices and processes, which is a complex discipline in its own right.
    [Show full text]
  • Ballistic, Cruise Missile, and Missile Defense Systems: Trade and Significant Developments, July-October 1995
    Missile Developments BALLISTIC, CRUISE MISSILE, AND MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEMS: TRADE AND SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS, JULY-OCTOBER 1995 CONTENTS OVERVIEW, 158 BRAZIL CROATIA Saudi Arabia, 167 Internal Developments, 162 Internal Developments, 165 Taiwan, 167 AFGHANISTAN with with Internal Developments, 160 GERMANY Argentina, 160 Russia, 165 with Internal Developments, 167 France, Germany, Italy, United States, 165 Pakistan, 160 with Russia, and U.S., 163 CZECH REPUBLIC Australia and U.S., 160 ARGENTINA Germany, 164 with Brazil, 163, 164 with India, Israel, and PRC, 164 Belarus, NATO, Russia, and Canada, Netherlands, Spain, Brazil, 160 MTCR, 181 Ukraine, 161 and U.S., 164 Russia, 164 AUSTRALIA France, Italy, and United Ukraine, 164 ECUADOR Internal Developments, 160 Kingdom, 166 United States, 164 with with France, Italy, and U.S., 166 Azores and Slovakia, 161 Germany and U.S., 160 BRUNEI India, 167 Russia, 160 Internal Developments, 164 EGYPT Iraq, 168 Russia and Sweden, 161 with Japan and U.S., 168 CANADA Kuwait, 166 MTCR, 181 AZORES with PRC, 166 Netherlands and NATO, 168 with Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Spain, 166 Netherlands, NATO, and Ecuador and Slovakia, 161 and U.S., 164 United States, 166 U.S., 168 BAHRAIN CHILE Netherlands and U.S., 168 EUROPEAN UNION Internal Developments, 161 with Russia, 168 Internal Developments, 166 Mauritius, 164 Syria, 168 BELARUS United Kingdom, 165 FRANCE United States, 168 with with Czech Republic, NATO, COMMONWEALTH OF HUNGARY Brazil, 163 Russia, and Ukraine, 161 INDEPENDENT STATES with CIS, South Africa,
    [Show full text]
  • Brings the Latest Technology and Capabilities to the 7Th Fleet
    SURFACE SITREP Page 1 P PPPPPPPPP PPPPPPPPPPP PP PPP PPPPPPP PPPP PPPPPPPPPP Volume XXXI, Number 2 August 2015 “Rebalance” Brings the Latest Technology and Capabilities to the 7th Fleet An Interview with RDML Charlie Williams, USN Commander, Logistics Group Western Pacific / Commander, Task Force 74 (CTF 73) / Singapore Area Coordinator Conducted by CAPT Edward Lundquist, USN (Ret) What’s important about the Asia-Pacific area of operations (AOR), country we tailor what we bring in CARAT to the needs and capacity and how does your command fit into the “rebalance” to the Pa- of our partners. Here in Singapore, CARAT Singapore is a robust cific, or the so-called “Pacific Pivot.” varsity-level exercise. It typically features live-fire, surface-to-air Looking strategically at the AOR, the Indo-Asia-Pacific region is on missiles and ASW torpedo exercises and we benefit and gain great the rise; it’s become the nexus of the global economy. Almost 60 value from these engagements. With other CARAT partner na- percent of the world’s GDP comes from the Indo-Asia-Pacific na- tions, we focus our training on maritime interdiction operations, or tions, amounting to almost half of global trade, and most of that humanitarian assistance and disaster response, and make it more commerce runs through the vital shipping lanes of this region. applicable to the country’s needs and desires. Another exercise that compliments CARAT, yet Moreover, more than 60 with a very different focus, is percent of the world’s SEACAT (Southeast Asia Co- population lives in the operation And Training).
    [Show full text]