DOCSLIB.ORG

Nieman Reports the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nieman Reports the Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University NIEMAN REPORTS THE NIEMAN FOUNDATION FOR JOURNALISM AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY Vm. 60 No. 2 SuMMER 2006 Five Dollars Journalists: On the Subject of Courage 'Courage, I discovered while covering the "dirty war" in Argentina, I I I I is a relatively simple matter of ! I I overcoming fear. I realized one day that I could deal with the idea that I would be killed, simply by accepting it as a fact. The knot in my stomach loosened considerably after that. There was, after all, no reason to fear being killed once that reality had been accepted. ! I It is fear itself that makes one afraid.' I I' I' I ROBERT Cox, ON TELLING THE STORY OF THE 'DISAPPEARED' " to promote and elevate the standards of journalism" -Agnes Wahl Nieman, the benefactor of the Nieman Foundation. Vol. 60 No. 2 NIEMAN REPORTS Summer 2006 THE NIEMAN FOUNDATION FOR JOURNALISM AT HARVARD UNIVERSITY Publisher Bob Giles Editor Melissa Ludtke Assistant Editor Lois Fiore Editorial Assistant Sarah Hagedorn Design Editor Diane Novetsky Nieman Reports (USPS #430-650) is published Editorial in March, June, September and December Telephone: 617-496-6308 by the Nieman Foundation at Hai-varcl University, E-Mail Address: One Francis Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138-2098. [email protected] Su bscriptions/B us iness Internet Address: 1elephone: 617-496-2968 www.nieman.ha1-vard.edu E-Mail Address: [email protected] Copyright 2006 by the President and Fellows of Ha1-vard College. Subscription $20 a year, S35 for two years; acid $10 per year for foreign airmail. Single copies S5. Second-class postage paid at Boston, Back copies are available from the Nieman office. Massachusetts and additional entries. Please address all subscription correspondence to POSTMASTER: One Francis Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138-2098 Send address changes to and change of address information to Nieman Reports, P.O. Box 4951, Manchester, NH 03108. P.O. Box 4951, ISSN Number 0028-9817 Manchester, NH 03108. Vol. 60 No. 2 F,MAN Summer 2006 THE NIEMAN FOUNDATION FOR JOURNALISM AT HARVAR D UNIVERSITY Reflections on Courage: International 4 Courage as a Stoty Needing to Be Told BY LANCE MORROW 6 When Death Seems Inevitable BY ROBERT Cox 8 Climbing to Freedom Word By Word BY JosE A. MARTINEZ-SOLER 10 Murder, Threats, Fires and Intimidation in Gambia BY ALAGI YORRO ]ALLOW 13 Violence in Liberia Extends to Journalists BY ISAAC BANTU 15 Dictatorship and Democracy Require Different Kinds of Courage BY SUNDAY DARE 18 A War Reporter Tries to Understand What Courage Is BY ALEXIS SINDUHIJE 19 When Corporate Managers Nudge News Decisions BY PHILIPPA GREEN 21 Repressive Actions Give Way to Business Realities BY SHYAKA KANUMA 23 Burmese Reporters in Exile Confront Different Risks BY AUNG ZAw 25 When a Journalist's Voice Is Silenced ADAPTED ARTICLE BY PHILIP J. CUNNINGHAM 28 Journalism's Triumphant Journeyin Nepal ADAPTED ARTICLE BY KANAK MANI D1xrr 29 Threats Come atJournalists in Pakistan From All Sides BY BEENA SARWAR 31 Self-Censorship as a Reaction to Murders by Drug Cartels BY RAYMUNDO RIVA-PALACIO 33 A Quiet Courage BY KATHLEEN CURRIE 34 What We Learned About the Courage of Women Journalists BY ]UDY WOODRUFF 35 Truth in the Crossfire BY ]!NETH BEDOYA LIMA 36 Trauma Lingers After Escaping the Danger BY IGNACIO "NACHO" G6MEZ 38 Persevering Despite the Dangers BY MAURICIO LLOREDA 39 Death Threats Are Sent to Tty to Stop Reporting BY KIM BOLAN 41 Challenging a Democratic Government's Secrecy BY RussELL MJLLs 42 The Courage ofJournalists in the Middle East BY RAMI G. KHOURI 44 Courage Can Mean Pushing Gradually Against Boundaries in Iran BY OMID MEMARIAN 45 Western Correspondents Display Cold War Courage BY LARRY HEINZERLING 48 A DifficultJourney From Repression to Democracy BY ANN COOPER 49 Government Clampdowns on Newspapers Send Reporting Online BY ANDREI KHRAPAVITSKI 51 Courage Emerges From the Work Journalists Do BY AIDA CERKEZ-ROBINSON 53 Going to Tell What Others Have Forgotten I1 TERVIEW Wrrn ANNE NIVAT 55 Assessing the llisks Reporters in Iraq Confront EXCERPT FROM a LECTURE BY ]OllN Burns 56 War Teaches Lessons About Fear and Courage BY CHERYL DIAZ MEYER 60 Witnessing War to Send Its Images Home ADAPTED REMARKS BY SANTIAGO LYON 61 When Bearing Witness Overrides a Reporter's Fear BY JANINE DI GIOVANNI 63 The Survival Mode of Reporting From a War Zone INTERVIEW Wm-1 FARNAZ FASSII-II 67 Teamwork Replaces Ego on the Frontlines of War BY BARRY MoooY 68 Transforming Anger at Journalists' Deaths Into Action BY RODNEY PINDER Reflections on Courage: United States 71 The Forces Threatening Journalism BY ]AY HARRIS 72 Telling a Sto1y That No Other Newspaper Will Tell BY STEPHEN G. BLOOM 74 H.L. Mencken: Courage in a Time of Lynching BY MARION ELIZABETH RODGERS 76 Heroes in the Tough Transition to Digital News BY DAVIS "Buzz" MERRITT 78 Public Support Wanes, Some Journalists Press On BY BARRY SUSSMAN 80 Courage of the Wise and Patient Kind BY GENEVA OVERHOLSER 81 Investigative Journalism Doesn't Win Many Friends BY CHARLES LEWIS 83 Seeking Journalistic Courage in Washington, D.C. BY WALTER PINCUS 84 The Muslim Cartoon Controversy Exposed an Absence of Courage ADAPTED ARTICLE BY DouG MARLETTE 86 A Distinction Journalists Like to Ignore BY LAUREL LEFF 88 The Embrace of Principled Stands BY GENE ROBERTS AND HANK KLIBANOff 90 The Difficult Isolation Courage Can Bring BY HooDING CARTER III 92 Editorial Pages: Why Courage Is Hard to Find BY ]IM BOYD 93 Risking Relationships as a Measure of Courage BY SHERYL McCARTHY 95 A Local Newspaper Endures a Stormy Backlash BY DEAN MILLER 98 Courage: What Network News Needs Now BY BILL WHEATLEY 99 The Road Traveled From Journalism to Jail BY DAVID A. SYLVESTER 100 1\vo Sides of Courage BY Eu REED 3 Curator's Corner: What We Share About Courage BY BoB GILES 103 Nieman Notes COMPILED BY LOIS FIORE 103 Covering the Sago Mine Disaster BY FRANK LANGflTT 105 Class Notes 115 Encl Note: Conscience and Integrity in Journalism BY ]IM DOYLE 2 Nieman Reports I Summer 2006 Curator's Corner What We Share About Courage By Bob Giles n the working life of most American journalists, courage After a brief exile there, and with help from the Committee does not typically define what we do. Holding public to Protect Journalists, he found sanctua111 as a member of I officials and corporate leaders accountable, digging that Nieman class. through files and records and challenging what political This spring, David Sylvester, a 1986 Nieman Fellow, called and business leaders say can be difficult. Resisting a court to say that during an assignment in Guatemala he'd encoun­ order to answer questions about sources can result in seri­ tered three investigative reporters for the weekly newspaper, ous consequences. But in a society in which the rule of law elPerioclico, who were under threat by the government as and First Amendment press freedoms prevail, these activities a consequence of their reporting. They were determined do not require an unusual degree of courage. to continue their work but needed to learnmore about in­ There are dangerous assignments for U.S. journalists, vestigative reporting. "What could the Nieman Foundation to be sure-combat coverage and editorializing about civil do to help them?" Sylvester asked me. rights in the South in times gone by come to mind. But These journalists' commitment to their reporting inspired the daily routines of our nation's newsrooms are not life us to create a "mini" fellowship to bring them to Cambridge threatening. fora week in mid-May. They worked with The Boston Globe's I did not appreciate the fullmeaning of this until soon Spotlight Te am, attended a watchdog journalism confer­ after I arrived at Lippmann House in August 2000, when a ence presented by Investigative Reporters and Editors and phone call from Tim Golden, a New York Times reporter The Associated Press Managing Editors NewsTrain program and 1996 Nieman Fellow, brought Ignacio Gomez, a young at Lippmann House, and met with Nieman Fellows. They Colombian investigative reporter, into our lives. Nacho, as talked about the difficulties of their journalistic work in he is known, had been forcedto flee Colombia-his country, Guatemala; one described how his home was ransacked where more than 30 journalists had been murdered-after by government police looldng forrecords and of the death his newspaper, El Espectaclor, published stories in which threats made to the paper's owner by agents who held him Colombian police and military were linked with violent and his familyhostage in their home. right-wing paramilitaries. In one of the stories, a Colombian In telling of their experiences, Gomez, Nyarota, our new military colonel was said to have masterminded the 1997 friends from Guatemala, and journalists in many Nieman massacre in Mapiripan, in which right-wing paramilitaries classes, recent and past, have taken other journalists to killed nearly 30 people for allegedly supporting left-wing places deep inside themselves where an understanding guerrillas. Nacho received hundreds of death threats after of what courage feels and looks like emerges. What we've that article was published. learned from them is how what's happened has toughened Nacho joined the 2001 Nieman class and he, along with their resolve to do what journalists do even when clangeris several other fellows, reminded us all of places where the all around them. Often, too, what Nieman colleagues from practice of journalism is a courageous act. abroad and the United States absorb from these exchanges In January 2003, we met Geoff Nyarota, the founder and is a greater appreciation of the inestimable value a free editor of The Daily News in Zimbabwe.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ludtke V. Kuhn Mary Lynn Brennan
    Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal Volume 2 | Number 4 Article 3 1-1-1980 Civil Rights in the Locker Room: Ludtke v. Kuhn Mary Lynn Brennan Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_comm_ent_law_journal Part of the Communications Law Commons, Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Mary Lynn Brennan, Civil Rights in the Locker Room: Ludtke v. Kuhn, 2 Hastings Comm. & Ent. L.J. 645 (1980). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_comm_ent_law_journal/vol2/iss4/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Civil Rights in the Locker Room: Ludtke v. Kuhn By MARY LYNN BRENNAN* I Introduction Sports reporting, long the province of male writers, is a major field of journalism that is now beginning to open up to women.2 But getting the job as a sportswriter is only half the battle. When sports teams deny women writers equal access to their locker rooms for post-game interviews, they deny wo- men an equal chance to compete with their male counterparts. In response to being barred from the New York Yankees locker room during the 1977 World Series, Melissa Ludtke, a sportswriter for Sports Illustrated, and its publisher, Time, Inc., brought a suit against the New York Yankees, Major League Baseball, and the City of New York.3 The 1978 suit, filed in the Southern District Court of New York, claimed that the New York Yankees were violating Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • ABSTRACT No Women in the Press Box: a Case Study to Compare The
    ABSTRACT No Women in the Press Box: A Case Study to Compare the Experience of Women in Print Sports Journalism from the 1980s and 2000s Chelsea Erin Quackenbush, M.A. Thesis Chairperson: Douglas R. Ferdon, Ph.D. This case study examines women sports writers in the 1980s and 2000s. The purpose of the study was to describe the perceptions of women sports writers’ in relationship to their professional and personal experiences in sports journalism, and how the field has changed in terms of gender relations, sexual harassment, and gender discrimination. Participants agreed that men and women are equal in terms of job duties, and they do not experience discrimination and harassment in the field. There is still progress to be made in terms of the number of women in sports journalism. No Women in the Press Box: A Case Study to Compare the Experience of Women in Print Sports Journalism from the 1980s and 2000s by Chelsea Erin Quackenbush, B.A. A Thesis Approved by the Department of Journalism ___________________________________ Clark Baker, Ph.D., Chairperson Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Baylor University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Approved by the Thesis Committee ___________________________________ Doug R. Ferdon, Ph.D., Chairperson ___________________________________ Maxey Parrish, M.S. ___________________________________ Tony L. Talbert, Ed.D. Accepted by the Graduate School May 2011 ___________________________________ J. Larry Lyon, Ph.D., Dean Page bearing signatures is kept on file in the Graduate School. Copyright © 2011 by Chelsea Erin Quackenbush All rights reserved TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments……………………………………………………………………….. iv Chapter 1: Leading Off ..………………………………………………………………....
    [Show full text]
  • The Real Effects of Mandatory Dissemination of Non- Financial Information Through Financial Reports
    Working Paper No. 16-04 The Real Effects of Mandatory Dissemination of Non- Financial Information through Financial Reports Hans B. Christensen University of Chicago Booth School of Business Eric Floyd Rice University Jones School of Business Lisa Yao Liu University of Chicago Booth School of Business Mark Maffett University of Chicago Booth School of Business All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs. May be quoted without Explicit permission, provided that full credit including notice is given to the source. This paper also can be downloaded without charge from the Social Science Research Network Electronic Paper Collection. The Real Effects of Mandatory Dissemination of Non-Financial Information through Financial Reports By HANS B. CHRISTENSEN, ERIC FLOYD, LISA YAO LIU and MARK MAFFETT* February 2016 Abstract: We examine the real effects of mandatory, non-financial disclosures, which require SEC-registered mine owners to disseminate their mine-safety records through their financial reports. These safety records are already publicly available elsewhere, which allows us to examine the incremental effects of disseminating information through financial reports. Comparing mines owned by SEC-registered issuers to those mines that are not, we document that including safety records in financial reports decreases mining-related citations and injuries by 11 and 13 percent, respectively, and reduces labor productivity by approximately 0.9 percent. Additional evidence suggests that increased dissemination, rather than unobservable factors associated with regulatory intervention, drive these effects. We also provide evidence that feedback effects from equity markets are a potential mechanism through which the dissemination of information leads to real effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Dec 2004 Current List
    Fighter Opponent Result / RoundsUnless specifiedDate fights / Time are not ESPN NetworkClassic, Superbouts. Comments Ali Al "Blue" Lewis TKO 11 Superbouts Ali fights his old sparring partner Ali Alfredo Evangelista W 15 Post-fight footage - Ali not in great shape Ali Archie Moore TKO 4 10 min Classic Sports Hi-Lites Only Ali Bob Foster KO 8 21-Nov-1972 ABC Commentary by Cossell - Some break up in picture Ali Bob Foster KO 8 21-Nov-1972 British CC Ali gets cut Ali Brian London TKO 3 B&W Ali in his prime Ali Buster Mathis W 12 Commentary by Cossell - post-fight footage Ali Chuck Wepner KO 15 Classic Sports Ali Cleveland Williams TKO 3 14-Nov-1966 B&W Commentary by Don Dunphy - Ali in his prime Ali Cleveland Williams TKO 3 14-Nov-1966 Classic Sports Ali in his prime Ali Doug Jones W 10 Jones knows how to fight - a tough test for Cassius Ali Earnie Shavers W 15 Brutal battle - Shavers rocks Ali with right hand bombs Ali Ernie Terrell W 15 Feb, 1967 Classic Sports Commentary by Cossell Ali Floyd Patterson i TKO 12 22-Nov-1965 B&W Ali tortures Floyd Ali Floyd Patterson ii TKO 7 Superbouts Commentary by Cossell Ali George Chuvalo i W 15 Classic Sports Ali has his hands full with legendary tough Canadian Ali George Chuvalo ii W 12 Superbouts In shape Ali battles in shape Chuvalo Ali George Foreman KO 8 Pre- & post-fight footage Ali Gorilla Monsoon Wrestling Ali having fun Ali Henry Cooper i TKO 5 Classic Sports Hi-Lites Only Ali Henry Cooper ii TKO 6 Classic Sports Hi-Lites Only - extensive pre-fight Ali Ingemar Johansson Sparring 5 min B&W Silent audio - Sparring footage Ali Jean Pierre Coopman KO 5 Rumor has it happy Pierre drank before the bout Ali Jerry Quarry ii TKO 7 British CC Pre- & post-fight footage Ali Jerry Quarry ii TKO 7 Superbouts Ali at his relaxed best Ali Jerry Quarry i TKO 3 Ali cuts up Quarry Ali Jerry Quarry ii TKO 7 British CC Pre- & post-fight footage Ali Jimmy Ellis TKO 12 Ali beats his old friend and sparring partner Ali Jimmy Young W 15 Ali is out of shape and gets a surprise from Young Ali Joe Bugner i W 12 Incomplete - Missing Rds.
    [Show full text]
  • Approaching Coal Mine Safety from a Comparative Law and Interdisciplinary Perspective
    Volume 111 Issue 1 Article 5 September 2008 Approaching Coal Mine Safety from a Comparative Law and Interdisciplinary Perspective Anne Marie Lofaso West Virginia University College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/wvlr Part of the Labor and Employment Law Commons, Mining Engineering Commons, and the Oil, Gas, and Mineral Law Commons Recommended Citation Anne M. Lofaso, Approaching Coal Mine Safety from a Comparative Law and Interdisciplinary Perspective, 111 W. Va. L. Rev. (2008). Available at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/wvlr/vol111/iss1/5 This Thinking Outside the Box: A Post-Sago Look at Coal Mine Safety is brought to you for free and open access by the WVU College of Law at The Research Repository @ WVU. It has been accepted for inclusion in West Virginia Law Review by an authorized editor of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lofaso: Approaching Coal Mine Safety from a Comparative Law and Interdisc APPROACIIING COAL MINE SAFETY FROM A COMPARATIVE LAW AND INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE Anne Marie Lofaso* I. IN TROD UCTION ....................................................................................... I II. COAL MINE SAFETY CONCERNS ......................................................... 2 A. Overview of U.S. Coal Mine Industry's Safety Issues............. 2 B. Case Study: Sago ................................................................. 3 C. Questions Raised in Sago 's Aftermath ..................................
    [Show full text]
  • In the Shadow of Saint Death
    In the Shadow of Saint Death The Gulf Cartel and the Price of America’s Drug War in Mexico Michael Deibert An imprint of Rowman & Littlefield Distributed by NATIONAL BOOK NETWORK Copyright © 2014 by Michael Deibert First Lyons Paperback Edition, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available The Library of Congress has previously catalogued an earlier (hardcover) edition as follows: Deibert, Michael. In the shadow of Saint Death : the Gulf Cartel and the price of America’s drug war in Mexico / Michael Deibert. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7627-9125-5 (hardback) 1. Drug traffic—Mexican-American Border Region. 2. Drug dealers—Mexican-American Border Region. 3. Cartels—Mexican-American Border Region. 4. Drug control—Mexican- American Border Region. 5. Drug control—United States. 6. Drug traffic—Social aspects— Mexican-American Border Region. 7. Violence—Mexican-American Border Region. 8. Interviews—Mexican-American Border Region. 9. Mexican-American Border Region—Social conditions. I. Title. HV5831.M46D45 2014 363.450972—dc23 2014011008 ISBN 978-1-4930-0971-8 (pbk.) ISBN 978-1-4930-1065-3 (e-book) The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence
    [Show full text]
  • False Dilemma Wikipedia Contents
    False dilemma Wikipedia Contents 1 False dilemma 1 1.1 Examples ............................................... 1 1.1.1 Morton's fork ......................................... 1 1.1.2 False choice .......................................... 2 1.1.3 Black-and-white thinking ................................... 2 1.2 See also ................................................ 2 1.3 References ............................................... 3 1.4 External links ............................................. 3 2 Affirmative action 4 2.1 Origins ................................................. 4 2.2 Women ................................................ 4 2.3 Quotas ................................................. 5 2.4 National approaches .......................................... 5 2.4.1 Africa ............................................ 5 2.4.2 Asia .............................................. 7 2.4.3 Europe ............................................ 8 2.4.4 North America ........................................ 10 2.4.5 Oceania ............................................ 11 2.4.6 South America ........................................ 11 2.5 International organizations ...................................... 11 2.5.1 United Nations ........................................ 12 2.6 Support ................................................ 12 2.6.1 Polls .............................................. 12 2.7 Criticism ............................................... 12 2.7.1 Mismatching ......................................... 13 2.8 See also
    [Show full text]
  • No Veo, No Hablo Y No Escucho : Retrato Del Periodismo Veracruzano
    Universidad de San Andrés Departamento de Ciencias Sociales Maestría en Periodismo No veo, no hablo y no escucho : retrato del periodismo veracruzano Autor: Alfaro Vega, Dora Iveth Legajo: 0G05763726 Director de Tesis: Vargas, Inti | Castells i Talens, Antoni México, 2 de marzo de 2018 1 Universidad de San Andrés y Grupo Clarín Maestría en Periodismo. Dora Iveth Alfaro Vega. “No veo, no hablo y no escucho: retrato del periodismo veracruzano”. Tutores: Inti Vargas y Antoni Castells i Talens. México a 2 de marzo de 2018. 2 PARTE 1: INVESTIGACIÓN PERIODÍSTICA ______________________________ 3 Justificación: el trayecto _________________________________________________________________ 3 El adiós. No veo, no hablo y no escucho _____________________________________________________ 8 Unas horas antes ______________________________________________________________________ 16 ¿Por qué? ____________________________________________________________________________ 30 México herido _______________________________________________________________________ 30 Tierra de periodistas muertos ___________________________________________________________ 31 Los primeros atentados ________________________________________________________________ 32 Prueba y error: adaptándose a la violencia _________________________________________________ 35 Nóminas y ‘paseos’ __________________________________________________________________ 37 Los mensajes________________________________________________________________________ 43 Milo Vela y su familia ________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Freedom of the Press 2005
    FREEDOM OF THE PRESS 2005 FREEDOM OF THE PRESS 2005 A Global Survey of Media Independence EDITED BY KARIN DEUTSCH KARLEKAR FREEDOM HOUSE NEW YORK WASHINGTON, D.C. ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. LANHAM BOULDER NEW YORK TORONTO OXFORD ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, MD 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com P.O. Box 317, Oxford OX2 9RU, United Kingdom Copyright © 2005 by Freedom House All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISSN 1551-9163 ISBN 0-7425-4028-6 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 0-7425-4029-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Table of Contents Acknowledgments, vii The Survey Team, ix Survey Methodology, xvii Press Freedom in 2004, 1 Karin Deutsch Karlekar Global and Regional Tables, 11 Country Reports and Ratings, 19 Freedom House Board of Trustees, 225 About Freedom House, 226 Acknowledgments Freedom of the Press 2005 could not have been completed without the contributions of numerous Freedom House staff and consultants. The following section, entitled “The Survey Team,” contains a detailed list of writers and advisers without whose efforts and input this project would not have been possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Linguistics and the News Media: an LSA Guide for Linguists
    Linguistics and the News Media: An LSA Guide for Linguists 1 Introduction For many years, linguists have been concerned that we’re not a visible or vocal enough part of public conversations about language. We have sometimes struggled to disseminate linguistically informed perspectives on relevant social and political issues, explain the importance of linguistic research, and/or share our enthusiasm about language science with a general audience. One strategy for addressing these concerns is to engage with journalists and other members of the popular news media in communicating (a) fascinating aspects of the language people use in their everyday lives as well as of languages they have never gotten to encounter; and (b) ways that linguistics can help explain or illuminate language-related questions that arise in the news and elsewhere. This guide is intended to be a resource for linguists who wish to pursue a proactive approach to garnering press coverage for linguistics or who may be approached by a journalist for comment in advance of a news story. The guide was prepared in consultation with linguists who have considerable experience on “both sides of the microphone.” That is, it was informed by linguists with academic credentials who have worked as journalists, bloggers, and public relations professionals, as well as by linguists who have extensive experience in responding to inquiries from journalists and in explaining their research to a lay audience. Linguists are sometimes hesitant to engage directly with the news media, especially if they have had a not entirely positive experience in the past. It’s worth remembering that most language- related media isn't "gotcha" journalism.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran Page 1 of 43
    2010 Human Rights Report: Iran Page 1 of 43 Home » Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs » Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor » Releases » Human Rights Reports » 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices » Near East and North Africa » Iran 2010 Human Rights Report: Iran* BUREAU OF DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND LABOR 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices April 8, 2011 The Islamic Republic of Iran, with a population of approximately 77 million, is a constitutional, theocratic republic in which Shia Muslim clergy, and political leaders vetted by the clergy, dominate the key power structures. Government legitimacy is based on the twin pillars of popular sovereignty--albeit restricted--and the rule of the supreme leader of the Islamic Revolution. The current supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, was not directly elected but chosen by a directly elected body of religious leaders, the Assembly of Experts, in 1989. Khamenei's writ dominates the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. He directly controls the armed forces and indirectly controls internal security forces, the judiciary, and other key institutions. The legislative branch is the popularly elected 290-seat Islamic Consultative Assembly, or Majles. The unelected 12-member Guardian Council reviews all legislation the Majles passes to ensure adherence to Islamic and constitutional principles; it also screens presidential and Majles candidates for eligibility. Mahmoud Ahmadi-Nejad, a member of the Alliance of Builders political party, was reelected president in June 2009 in a multiparty election that was generally considered neither free nor fair. There were numerous instances in which elements of the security forces acted independently of civilian control.
    [Show full text]
  • Being Open About Data Analysis of the UK Open Data Policies and Applicability of Open Data ANTTI HALONEN
    Being Open About Data Analysis of the UK open data policies and applicability of open data ANTTI HALONEN REPORTS The Finnish Institute is a London-based private trust. Our mission is to identify emerging issues relevant to contemporary society and to act as catalyst for positive social change through partnerships. We work with artists, researchers, experts and policy makers in the United Kingdom, Finland and the Republic of Ireland to promote strong networks in the fields of culture and society. We encourage new and unexpected collaborations and support artistic interventions, research, the creative industries, foresight and social innovation in new, socially central areas. The Reports of the Finnish Institute in 35–36 Eagle Street London is a series of publications, London WC1R 4AQ which publishes research, studies and United Kingdom results of collaborative projects carried out by the institute. The reports T +44(0)20 7404 3309 www.finnish-institute.org.uk provide evidence and ideas for policy- makers and civic society organisations Being Open about Data by the dealing with contemporary social and Finnish Institute in London is licensed under a Creative cultural challenges. Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License Table of contents List of abbreviations 3 Open-data timeline 4 Foreword from the Open Knowledge Foundation 6 Preface 7 Executive Summary 9 1. Introduction – Objectives and methodology 12 1.1 Objectives 12 1.2 Methods 15 2. Open data – What and why? 18 2.1 What is open data? 18 2.2 Why open data? 21 2.2.1 Efficiency 24 2.2.2 Democratic accountability 25 2.2.3 Empowering and public participation 27 2.2.4 Economy and entrepreneurship 28 3.
    [Show full text]