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Challenges Facing Female Sports Journalists in Their Participation In CAVENDISH UNIVERSITY ZAMBIA Challenges facing female sports journalists in their participation in sports journalism; A case study of ZNBC and United Voice Radio station RESEARCH DISSERTATION BY CATHERINE NAMUYEMBA (000-661) 7/25/2019 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a bachelor’s degree in journalism and mass communication at Cavendish University Zambia DECLARATION I,Catherine Namuyemba do here by declare that this dissertation is my own work. It has never been submitted by any other person to any institution for any award. Ihave acknowledged all sources used in this paper where possible. Sign……………………………………………………………….. Supervisor Name………………………………………………………………. Sign …………………………………………………………………. 2 | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks to the Lord God almighty for always being there for me. It wouldn‘t have been any better than this. I humble myself before the Lord to offer my appreciation for keeping in good health, and giving me a sound reasoning to accomplish this task. God, thank you for making this project a success. First, it‘s my sincere thanks to the two media stations, thus ZNBC and United Voice radio stations, for permitting me to interview their respective employees. I take this opportunity to extend my appreciation to all those people who made time available for me to interview them amidst their tight and busy schedules, you guys mad this task possible. My HOD at Cavendish University Zambia; Mr Beenwell Mwale. (You are a Father indeed].My supervisor Mr. Teddy Kabwe, what more can I say than to just admit that I owe you big time for your academic guidance during this study. This paper is product of your zeal and patience. You advised me with openness and happiness, a task not so many would do given other commitments you had. Many thanks goes to my brother Moses Simuyemba who offered assistance and financial support during this task training .I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to my family members especially my guardians Selina Gawaza and Beauty Namuyemba not forgetting my daughter SeDeLiTA for their support both financially and wisdom. What are friends for if not to help each other when necessary? Lemweni Machina I owe you, not forgetting my classmates Milika Zulu, KaangaHanaiteMweete, Bwalya Malama, Kaluba Magowe, Violet Tembo, Comfort Nthala, Jemimah Musonda, Rhoda Mwambazi, Pumulo Musonda, Dennis, Kapingula Musinga, and many others I cannot manage to list here. You people showed the meaning of friendship. You patiently advised me throughout this study. I salute you. To the special person I dearly hold in my heart, my fiancé Nathan Mumba, you are such a blessing. You knew exactly what you needed to do before I could ask you to. Your enormous support was a motivating factor that made me stand above all the obstacles along my way. I cannot say much but that the good Lord to reward you with good health and happiness so that together we can enjoy the fruits of this work. 3 | P a g e DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my daughter SeDeLiTa, my guardians, my brother, my fiancé and to my entire family for their support rendered during my entire stay at Cavendish University. Without their support, not only this dissertation was to fail but the entire program of study. 4 | P a g e ACRONYMS AWSM: Association for Women in Sports Media ESPN: Entertainment and Sports Programming Network HODs: Head of Departments MLB: Major League Baseball NCAA: National College Athletic Association NFL: National Football League USA: United States of America WSF: Women‘s Sports Foundation ZNBC: Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation 5 | P a g e LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1: Distribution of Respondents by age Table 4.2: The most criterions used to assign roles to the male and female sports journalists. Table 4.3: Challenges faced by female sports journalists as reported by female sports journalists Table 4.4: below gives further details of the challenges in the table above as responded by participants Table 4.5: Challenges faced by female sports journalists as reported by male sports journalists and HODs Table 4.6: Either female sports journalists wish to continue or consider stopping taking part in sports journalism looking at the treatment they receive from male counterparts. 6 | P a g e LIST OF FIGURES Figure1: Gender distribution of the respondents Figure2: Number of sports journalists from the two media houses covered by this study Figure 3:The Role played by female sports journalists in sports journalism Figure4: How female journalists are treated by male counterparts Figure5: Measures to Be Taken to Promote Participation of Female Journalists in Sports Journalism. 7 | P a g e GLOSSSARY OF TERMS AUDIENCE: Any group of people exposed to media. COMMUNICATION: Communication is an activity in which a sender transmits a message, with or without the aid of media and vehicles, to one or more receivers, and vice versa. MEDIA (PLURAL OFMEDIUM): 1. Any means of transmitting information; 2. The various forms, devices, and systems that make up mass communications considered as a whole, including newspapers, magazines, radio stations, television channels, and Web sites. MEDIA INSTITUTION: Organization involved in producing media forms (cinema, television). NEWS: Report of a current happening or happenings in a newspaper, on television, on radio, or SOCIETY: The people who interact in such a way as to share a common culture. The cultural bond may be ethnic or racial, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities on a Web site Sports: an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment. Journalism: is the activity of gathering, assessing, creating and presenting news and information. Female: is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, that produces non mobile ova. Audience: the assembled spectators or listeners at a public event such as a play, film, concert or meeting. 8 | P a g e ABSTRACT Female participation in sports journalism has been reportedly low and accompanied by many challenges. This study investigated the challenges facing female sports journalists in their participation in sports journalism. Four objectives were defined as step by step guide to achieving this general objective. First, was to identify roles female sports journalists play in sports journalism. Second was to investigate the challenges facing the female journalist during coverage of sports activities in the field. Third was to find out how female journalists are treated by male counterparts with regard to sports journalism. Last was to put forth measures to address identified challenges. 8 respondents consisting of female and male sports journalists from two media house; ZNBC and United Voice Radio station, were interviewed during the study. From these interviews, it was revealed that female sports journalists are expected to be much involved in fellow female sports activities than in men‘s with a view of promoting fellow female participation in sports activities. They are also marginally assigned to cover other male sports activities and contribute to generation of sports ideas with a view of developing sports journalism. Challenges such as rejection by the fans and players, discrimination, conflict between cultural values and the demand of sports journalism, lack of support and cooperation from the sports men and women, underestimation from male counterparts, and lack of particular attention to promoting female sports journalists'‘ participation sports journalism, were reported by ladies. Males added such challenges as lack of passion and interest in sports, lack of self-belief and confidence, and low awareness of sports language, rules and regulations in sports journalism as other challenges female sports journalists face. In light with these challenges, it has been recommended that media houses should, employ more female sports journalists and equip them, through training and practice, with skills and knowledge that would increase their competitive advantage over male counterparts, so that they would be able to handle what currently is men‘s work while dispelling the negativity surrounding their competence. 9 | P a g e Table of Contents DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................................2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................3 DEDICATION ......................................................................................................................................4 ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................5 ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................................................9 LIST OF TABLES. ...............................................................................................................................6 LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………………...9 GLOSSSARY OF TERMS .......................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 13 1.1 Background of the study ..................................................................................................................
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