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Combined Phylogenetic Analyses Reveal Interfamilial Relationships and Patterns of floral Evolution in the Eudicot Order Fabales
Cladistics Cladistics 1 (2012) 1–29 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00392.x Combined phylogenetic analyses reveal interfamilial relationships and patterns of floral evolution in the eudicot order Fabales M. Ange´ lica Belloa,b,c,*, Paula J. Rudallb and Julie A. Hawkinsa aSchool of Biological Sciences, Lyle Tower, the University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6BX, UK; bJodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; cReal Jardı´n Bota´nico-CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, CP 28014 Madrid, Spain Accepted 5 January 2012 Abstract Relationships between the four families placed in the angiosperm order Fabales (Leguminosae, Polygalaceae, Quillajaceae, Surianaceae) were hitherto poorly resolved. We combine published molecular data for the chloroplast regions matK and rbcL with 66 morphological characters surveyed for 73 ingroup and two outgroup species, and use Parsimony and Bayesian approaches to explore matrices with different missing data. All combined analyses using Parsimony recovered the topology Polygalaceae (Leguminosae (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae)). Bayesian analyses with matched morphological and molecular sampling recover the same topology, but analyses based on other data recover a different Bayesian topology: ((Polygalaceae + Leguminosae) (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae)). We explore the evolution of floral characters in the context of the more consistent topology: Polygalaceae (Leguminosae (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae)). This reveals synapomorphies for (Leguminosae (Quillajaceae + Suri- anaceae)) as the presence of free filaments and marginal ⁄ ventral placentation, for (Quillajaceae + Surianaceae) as pentamery and apocarpy, and for Leguminosae the presence of an abaxial median sepal and unicarpellate gynoecium. An octamerous androecium is synapomorphic for Polygalaceae. The development of papilionate flowers, and the evolutionary context in which these phenotypes appeared in Leguminosae and Polygalaceae, shows that the morphologies are convergent rather than synapomorphic within Fabales. -
Flora and Vegetation Of
__________________________________________________________________________________________ FLORA AND VEGETATION OF AVIVA LEASE AREA Prepared for: URS Australia Pty Ltd on behalf of Aviva Corporation Ltd Prepared by: Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd February 2009 MATTISKE CONSULTING PTY LTD URS0808/195/08 MATTISKE CONSULTING PTY LTD __________________________________________________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Location .............................................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................................ 3 2.3 Landforms and Soils ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.4 Vegetation ........................................................................................................................................... 4 2.5 Declared Rare, Priority and Threatened Species ................................................................................. 4 2.6 Threatened Ecological Communities (TEC’s) ................................................................................... -
Comesperma Sp
Number 8 September 2019 DO YOU KNOW THESE SPECIES? Photography & text by Margaret MacDonald Comesperma sp. (come = hair of the head, sperma = seed referring to the tuft of hairs on the seeds of most species). Family: POLYGALACEAE Four species of Comesperma grow in the Anglesea district, an endemic Australian genus of approximately 30 species. They are small perennial shrubs, subshrubs or twiners. Flowers of the Comesperma family look superficially like those of the pea family but there are some significant differences. Leaves are alternate and simple, and the inflorescence is held in a raceme at the end of the flowering stem. There are five unequal sepals with one pair enlarged and often petal-like, and 3 smaller sepals. There are 3 or 5 petals with the lower petal lobed or pouched. Love Creeper, Comesperma volubile (volubilis = twining) The most widespread of the four species, this attractive twiner can be found in woodland and heathland areas. Not apparent for most of the year, racemes of tiny blue flowers appear on slender stems in early spring and can often be seen extensively draped overhead. Love Creeper is almost leafless. Blue-spike Milkwort, Comesperma calygema (calygema = with a large cover) This is a stiff, erect small subshrub that grows in heathland and arises annually from a rhizome. It bears a raceme of deep blue flowers on the top of the flower stems that grow to about 30 cm tall. The leaves are usually found in the lower section of the flowering stem. It is widespread and quite common. Small Milkwort, Comesperma polygaloides (polygaloides = resembling Polygala) A small colony of this subshrub that grows to about 30 cm high was found in summer 2017 at Pt Addis after having been missing from the area for a long period of time. -
3. POLYGALA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 701. 1753. 远志属 Yuan Zhi Shu Annual Or Perennial Herbs, Or Shrubs Or Small Trees, Rarely Small, Woody Climbers
Fl. China 11: 141–158. 2008. 3. POLYGALA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 701. 1753. 远志属 yuan zhi shu Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs or small trees, rarely small, woody climbers. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, petiolate; leaf blade papery or subleathery, margin entire, glabrous or pilose. Racemes terminal, axillary, or extra-axillary. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic; bracts 1–3, persistent or caducous; bracteoles present. Sepals 5, unequal, persistent or caducous, in 2 ranks; outer 3 small; inner 2 petaloid, large. Petals 3, connate in lower 1/2, white, yellow, or purple-red, keel boat-shaped, cucullate, or helmet-shaped enclosing stamens and style, apex with often highly divided appendage. Stamens 8; filaments united at least at base, forming trough-shaped sheath (“staminal sheath”), open on upper side, adnate with petals, variously united or free above; anthers basifixed, with or without stalk, 1- or 2-celled, dehiscent from terminal pore or slit. Disk present or absent. Ovary 2-loculed, compressed; ovule 1 per locule, anatropous, pendulous; style 1, erect or curved; stigmas 1 or 2. Fruit capsular, compressed, often winged. Seeds 2, usually black, ovoid, rounded or shortly cuneate, pubescent or glabrous, strophiolate at hiliferous end, strophiole cap-shaped, cucullate, margin entire or variously lobed, other end sometimes with appendage. About 500 species: widespread worldwide; 44 species (21 endemic) in China. 1a. Sepals persistent after flowering; keel with apical appendage highly filiform-fimbriate. 2a. Filaments united, forming an open staminal sheath split in upper 1/2–2/3, with 2 separate single filaments in middle, and on either side of these, a united group of 3 filaments each carrying 3 sessile anthers at tip. -
Native Species
Birdlife Australia Gluepot Reserve PLANT SPECIES LIST These are species recorded by various observers. Species in bold have been vouchered. The list is being continually updated NATIVE SPECIES Species name Common name Acacia acanthoclada Harrow Wattle Acacia aneura Mulga Acacia brachybotrya Grey Mulga Acacia colletioides Wait a While Acacia hakeoides Hakea leaved Wattle Acacia halliana Hall’s Wattle Acacia ligulata Sandhill Wattle Acacia nyssophylla Prickly Wattle Acacia oswaldii Boomerang Bush Acacia rigens Needle Wattle Acacia sclerophylla var. sclerophylla Hard Leaved Wattle Acacia wilhelmiana Wilhelm’s Wattle Actinobole uliginosum Flannel Cudweed Alectryon oleifolius ssp. canescens Bullock Bush Amphipogon caricinus Long Grey Beard Grass Amyema miquelii Box Mistletoe Amyema miraculosa ssp. boormanii Fleshy Mistletoe Amyema preissii Wire Leaved Acacia Mistletoe Angianthus tomentosus Hairy Cup Flower Atriplex acutibractea Pointed Salt Bush Atriplex rhagodioides Spade Leaved Salt Bush Atriplex stipitata Bitter Salt Bush Atriplex vesicaria Bladder Salt Bush Austrodanthonia caespitosa Wallaby Grass Austrodanthonia pilosa Wallaby Grass Austrostipa elegantissima Elegant Spear Grass Austrostipa hemipogon Half Beard Spear grass Austrostipa nitida Balcarra Spear grass Austrostipa scabra ssp. falcata Rough Spear Grass Austrostipa scabra ssp. scabra Rough Spear Grass Austrostipa tuckeri Tucker’s Spear grass Baeckea crassifolia Desert Baeckea Baeckea ericaea Mat baeckea Bertya tasmanica ssp vestita Mitchell’s Bertya Beyeria lechenaultii Mallefowl -
C5 Mattiske Consulting- Flora and Vegetation Survey
FLORA AND VEGETATION SURVEY PINJIN INFRASTRUCTURE CORRIDOR L31/56, L31/57, L39/185 TROPICANA GOLD PROJECT OPERATIONAL AREA – PINJIN STATION Prepared for: Tropicana Joint Venture Prepared by: Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd July 2009 MATTISKE CONSULTING PTY LTD AGA0703/061/08 MATTISKE CONSULTING PTY LTD TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 LANDFORMS AND SOILS ........................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 VEGETATION ............................................................................................................................................ 4 2.4 CLIMATE .................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.5 CLEARING OF NATIVE VEGETATION ........................................................................................................ 5 2.6 RARE AND PRIORITY FLORA .................................................................................................................... 6 2.7 THREATENED -
KINRM Review and Strategic Action Plan
King Island Natural Resource Management Review and Strategic Action Plan 1998-2001 = Natural Heritage Trust Helping Communities Helping Australia Helen Morgan Facilitator King Island Natural Resource Management Group King Island Natural TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACRONYMS…………………………………………………………………………… 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………..…… 6 Chapter 1 PROJECT INFORMATION ………………………………….. 7 1.1 King Island Natural Resource Mngt Group………… 7 1.2 King Island Natural Resource Mngt Plan ………….. 7 Chapter 2 KING ISLAND REGIONAL BACKGROUND …………….. 12 2.1 Location ……………………………………………….. 12 2.2 Climate ………………………………………………… 12 2.3 Cultural Heritage ……………………………………… 12 2.4 Human Settlement …………………………………… 12 2.5 Population ………………………………………..…… 13 2.6 Economy ……………………………………………… 13 2.7 Agriculture …………………………………………….. 14 2.8 Industry ………………………………………………… 14 2.9 Manufacturing ………………………………………… 15 2.10 Tourism ……………………………………………….. 15 2.11 Transport ……………………………………………… 16 Chapter 3 KING ISLAND NATURAL RESOURCES………………….. 17 3.1 Land: Geology, Landform and Soils………………… 17 3.2 Inland Waters …………………………………………. 30 3.3 Flora King Island ……………………………………. 47 3.4 Fauna King Island ……………………………………. 63 Chapter 4 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ……………………………. 67 4.1 Early Planning Stages ……………………………….. 67 4.2 Project Activites ………………………………………. 67 4.3 Issues Not Covered ………………………………….. 76 4.4 What Next for Community Participation …………... 76 Chapter 5 ISSUES ………………………………………………………... 77 5.1 Water Quality …………………………………………. 77 5.2 Water Quantity ……………………………………….. 85 5.3 Waterlogging and Poor Drainage…………………… 90 5.4 Salinity ………………………………………………… 96 5.5 Erosion ………………………………………………… 101 5.6 Acid Sulphate Drainage ……………………………… 108 1 5.7 Biodiversity ……………………………………………. 111 5.8 Native Vegetation Clearing …………………………. 119 5.9 Remnant Vegetation Management ………………… 123 5.10 Riparian Vegetation Management …………………. 129 5.11 Revegetation Management …………………………. 134 5.12 Weeds Management ………………………………… 140 5.13 Wildlife Management ………………………………… 144 5.14 Fire Management ……………………………………. 150 5.15 Coastal Access ………………………………………. -
The Victorian Naturalist
J The Victorian Naturalist Volume 113(1) 199 February Club of Victoria Published by The Field Naturalists since 1884 MUSEUM OF VICTOR A 34598 From the Editors Members Observations As an introduction to his naturalist note on page 29, George Crichton had written: 'Dear Editors late years the Journal has become I Was not sure if it was of any relevance, as of ' very scientific, and ordinary nature reports or gossip of little importance We would be very sorry if members felt they could not contribute to The Victorian Naturalist, and we assure all our readers that the editors would be more than pleased to publish their nature reports or notes. We can, however, only print material that we actually receive and you are encouraged to send in your observations and notes or suggestions for topics you would like to see published. These articles would be termed Naturalist Notes - see in our editorial policy below. Editorial Policy Scope The Victorian Naturalist publishes articles on all facets of natural history. Its primary aims are to stimulate interest in natural history and to encourage the publication of arti- cles in both formal and informal styles on a wide range of natural history topics. Authors may submit the material in the following forms: Research Reports - succinct and original scientific communications. Contributions - may consist of reports, comments, observations, survey results, bib- liographies or other material relating to natural history. The scope is broad and little defined to encourage material on a wide range of topics and in a range of styles. This allows inclusion of material that makes a contribution to our knowledge of natural his- tory but for which the traditional format of scientific papers is not appropriate. -
Purnululu National Park
World Heritage Scanned Nomination File Name: 1094.pdf UNESCO Region: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Purnululu National Park DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 5th July 2003 STATE PARTY: AUSTRALIA CRITERIA: N (i)(iii) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Report of the 27th Session of the World Heritage Committee Criterion (i): Earth’s history and geological features The claim to outstanding universal geological value is made for the Bungle Bungle Range. The Bungle Bungles are, by far, the most outstanding example of cone karst in sandstones anywhere in the world and owe their existence and uniqueness to several interacting geological, biological, erosional and climatic phenomena. The sandstone karst of PNP is of great scientific importance in demonstrating so clearly the process of cone karst formation on sandstone - a phenomenon recognised by geomorphologists only over the past 25 years and still incompletely understood, despite recently renewed interest and research. The Bungle Bungle Ranges of PNP also display to an exceptional degree evidence of geomorphic processes of dissolution, weathering and erosion in the evolution of landforms under a savannah climatic regime within an ancient, stable sedimentary landscape. IUCN considers that the nominated site meets this criterion. Criterion (iii): Superlative natural phenomena or natural beauty and aesthetic importance Although PNP has been widely known in Australia only during the past 20 years and it remains relatively inaccessible, it has become recognised internationally for its exceptional natural beauty. The prime scenic attraction is the extraordinary array of banded, beehive-shaped cone towers comprising the Bungle Bungle Range. These have become emblematic of the park and are internationally renowned among Australia’s natural attractions. -
Elaiosomes and Seed Dispersal by Ants Insect–Plant Interactions
STUDENT’S GUIDE Case Study Félix Forest Elaiosomes and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew seed dispersal by Dean Madden [Ed.] ants NCBE, University of Reading Version 2.0 CaseCase Studies elaiosomes and seed dispersal by ants Insect–plant interactions Insects evolved 400 million years ago and today they are found almost everywhere on Earth. Nearly a million species of insects have been described in the scientific literature, but this is only a fraction of the species that exist. Estimates of the number of insect species range from two to 30 million species. Many groups of insects are poorly known. The interactions that insects have with plants are a vital part of their ecology. Roughly half of all species of insects eat plants at some stage in their life cycles. Many insect species use plants as shelter and some absorb plant defence chemicals and use them to defend themselves. About 85 % of all plant species are pollinated by insects such as bees, flies, butterflies and beetles, while some plants use insects to disperse their seeds and to protect them against other insects and competitors. Within the insects, there are more than 10,000 species of ants. These have evolved complex social behaviour and numerous and varied adaptations. Ants, together with bees and termites, are one of the most important groups of insects for the ecology of numerous ecosystems. In some tropical areas such as the Amazon basin, their total biomass can be four times that of vertebrate species living there. Adrian Pingstone, Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Pingstone, Adrian PHOTOS Greg BY: Hume, Robin Klein and In several ant species, some of the workers Weaver ants build nests with leaves and Leaf-cutter ants collect leaves which they are used to store honeydew in their sew them together using the silk from ant bring back to their nest to use as growing abdomen, immobilising them completely. -
Biology and Management of Polygala Myrtifolia
Biology and management of Polygala myrtifolia Robin Adair Australis Biological Latrobe University, Botany Department www.australisbiological.com.au Background . Australis Biological . Weed Sciences – Research Leader . Polygala – 1996 . IX International Sym on Biocontrol of Weeds . 1998 - Chrysanthemoides . 1999-2004 – Acacia, Victorian Coastal Council - $5000 . 2009-2012 – City Greater Geelong Building an understanding of Polygala Essential for effective management Strengths and weaknesses Focus on weaknesses - control Understand the strengths – resilience Build effective control options Biology, ecology (native and non-native), control options, integrated control Taxonomy Polygala myrtifolia • Polygala is Greek meaning ‘much’ ‘milk’ - reputedly promotes secretion of milk by stock • myrtifolia similarity to myrtle leaves • Polygalaceae - 13 genera , 830 species • (related to Tremandraceae, not Fabaceae) Bredemeyera (6) Salomonia (1) Comesperma volubile (24) Polygalaceae . Polygala is the largest genus – 300-725 species . cosmopolitan (except NZ, Polynesia, Antarctica) . centres of diversity – South Africa, Americas . South Africa/Madagascar – 230 spp . Australia – 44 native to northern Australia . annuals . 5 exotic species . P. myrtifolia, P. virgata, P. vulgaris (Victoria) . P. japonica (native) P. chamaebuxus grandiflora P. senega (Americas) P. vulgaris - Europe P. calcarea - Britain P. cruciata - USA P. sanguinea USA P. pauciflora - USA P. alba - USA Polygala japonica P. isingii lateral petals wings (lateral sepals 2 ) crest keel (petal) -
Flora & Vegetation Assessment
FLORA & VEGETATION ASSESSMENT ARROWSMITH NORTH SURVEY AREA Prepared By Prepared For VRX Silica Limited Date February 2021 DOCUMENT STATUS DOCUMENT REFERENCE: VRX2021/06/21 VERSION TYPE AUTHOR/S REVIEWER/S DATE DISTRIBUTED V1 Internal review S. Ruoss E.M. Mattiske - V2 Draft for client S. Ruoss E.M. Mattiske 18/03/2019 Revised report including J. Rogers V3 E.M. Mattiske 30/01/2020 updated survey area /L. Taaffe/S. Ruoss V4 Initial Report E. M. Mattiske E.M. Mattiske 16/04/2020 V5 Draft E.M. Mattiske E.M. Mattiske 21/12/2020 V6 Draft E.M. Mattiske E.M. Mattiske 3/02/2021 V7 Revised Report S. Ruoss E.M. Mattiske 18/02/2021 (ACN 063 507 175, ABN 39 063 507 175) PO Box 437 Kalamunda WA 6926 Phone: +61 8 9257 1625 Email: [email protected] COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER Copyright The information contained in this report is the property of Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd. The use or copying of the whole or any part of this report without the written permission of Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd is not permitted. Disclaimer This report has been prepared on behalf of and for the exclusive use of VRX Silica Ltd, and is subject to and issued in accordance with the agreement between VRX Silica Ltd and Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd. This report is based on the scope of services defined by VRX Silica Ltd, the budgetary and time constraints imposed by VRX Silica Ltd, and the methods consistent with the preceding. Mattiske Consulting Pty Ltd has utilised information and data supplied by VRX Silica Ltd (and its agents), and sourced from government databases, literature, departments and agencies in the preparation of this report.