DOCSLIB.ORG

Water and Electricity

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

IRAN STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 1391 8. WATER AND ELECTRICITY Introduction Aquatic year: see Chapter 1, Definitions and he statistics appeared in this chapter have concepts. been provided as register records by Water produced: the amount of water gained from the Ministry of Energy on two topics of various (surface and underground) water resources "water" and "electricity". such as wells, springs, subterranean canals, dams T and river basins. 1. Water Dam: a structure built against the flow of water to This section includes information on reserve water or change the direction of flow or "underground waters", "reservoir dams", and manage it for satisfying different needs such as "length of networks and number of water and drinking, industry, irrigation (agriculture), sewage extensions". The related statistics have electricity generation and control of flood. been added to the Statistical Yearbook of Iran Reservoir dam: a dam made for reserving, since the year 1346. managing or controlling the flow of water to Statistics on underground waters and reservoir reserve it for procuring water for irrigation, dams have been provided by Water Resources drinking, industry, electricity generation and Management Company and statistics on the length control of flood of networks and number of water and sewage Large reservoir dam: refers to all dams with a extensions has been obtained from the Water and height of 15 metres or more as well as 10 to 15 Sewage Engineering Company. metres high dams having a reservoir with a Central and Internal basin, Hamun basin, and volume of 1 million cubic metres or more and/or Sarakhs basin were renamed by Water Resources a capacity of flood discharge of 2000 or more Management Organization as Central Plateau, cubic metres per second. Eastern Border and Qareh Qum respectively, in Inflow: annual volume of water entered the the year 1383. reservoir of a dam through the river. 2. Electricity Outflow: total annual volume of water discharged Data related to electric power industry was first from different outlets of a dam (weir, silt ejector collected in the year 1343 by the then Ministry of channels, take-out gates, drainage channels) and Water and Power (renamed the Ministry of evaporation. Energy in 1353). Since the year 1346, the Water extension: refers to the part of branched- Ministry has regularly provided the annual off water pipes, containing pipe, related statistics on the power industry comprising power accessories, with a profile appropriate to the water generation, transmission, distribution, and metre and the extension capacity of public water, consumption. The statistics, a part of which which connects a private water distribution line or appears in some tables of this yearbook, are public water distribution network from installation presented in various annual publications released place of the extension valve to the delivery point by the Ministry. (valve following the watermetre). Moreover, through two successive censuses of Public water distribution network: a collection population and housing in the years 1365 and of interconnected pipe lines with needed pressure 1375, the SCI collected data on residential units for distributing water for household, office and and households benefiting from piped water and industrial consumption in a region or inside the electricity which are reflected in Chapter 9, city , all of which belong to the Water and Sewage “Construction and Housing,” of the yearbook. Company. Sewage extension: refers to the part of minor Definitions and concepts sewage pipelines, including pipes and related Water basin: see Chapter 1, Definitions and accessories, with a profile appropriate to siphon or concepts. contractual capacity, which carries joint sewages 365 8. WATER AND ELECTRICITY IRAN STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 1391 away from the siphon to the private line or to the Petrochemical Industries, Tabriz Tractor public network for collecting sewages. Industries, and Sarcheshmeh Copper Industries. Public network for collection and transmission Interconnected network: the collection of of sewage: refers to all installations and equipment, production sites and regions of energy such as main collectors, used for collection and consumption around the country connected transmission of sewage to water treatment house together with a network of transmission lines and and pump houses of urban sewage and public side high voltage stations. The network lets electricity networks, all belonging to the Water and Sewage exchange between the regions covered, and makes Company. The network is not responsible for the export of electric energy possible. collection, transmission and disposal of rainfall Isolated network (generation and power water flowing on passages, flood channels and consumption): refers to regional, provincial and channels inside and outside cities located in the island networks not connected with adjacent customers’ estates. networks or interconnected network. Nominal capacity (registered nominal power): Load-demand: the power consumed during a refers to the maximumexpected output of an certain period in a certain part of the network. electricity generator in designing condition Maximum coincidental load: in a full defined by the manufacturer. Nominal power is interconnected electricity system, maximum usually installed in KVA or KW for smaller coincidental load for a day, a week, a month, or a generators on the generator. year refers to the sum of load at the peak of Actual capacity or actual power (registered consumption in regions in megawatt. Where the power): refers to the maximum amount of interconnected system does not cover the total electricity that could be generated by a generator country, the maximum coincidental load may be while regarding the environmental conditions calculated by adding up maximum load of (altitude, temperature, and relative moisture). interconnected network and load of separate Maximum coincidental power generated: refers regions in megawatt simultaneously. With regard to the sum of electric power generated at the peak to the difference between peak hours of of network load during a certain period. The sum consumption in different regions connected to the of maximum coincidental power generated might interconnected network, maximum coincidental be equal or less than the total capacity of the load is less than the sum of the maximum loads of the plants. regions. Gross generation: refers to the amount of Maximum non-coincidental load: the sum of the electricity generated by a generator or a plant peak of consumption in different regions of the during a certain period which is measured on country during a certain period, which are not output series of the main or supplementary necessarily simultaneous. generators and stated in kilowatt hour (kWh) or Power Company: the companies (Ltd.) which are megawatt hour (MWh). by law engaged in generation, transmission and Net generation: refers to the electricity measured distribution of electricity or in a part of such at the point of transmission to the power grid. activities and provide the customers with During a certain period, the net generation may be electricity. The definition covers the water and calculated by subtracting the gross internal power organizations as well. consumption form the gross generation in the Power plant: refers to the installation place of same period. generators and related equipment. Other institutions: the institutions which generate Hydroelectric power plant: a power plant in electricity for their own consumption and also sell which the potential energy of water accumulated a part of their production to other institutions but at dams or flowing energy of rivers water is used are independent from the Ministry of Energy; to drive the hydroelectric turbine for electricity some examples are, Esfahan generation. Steelworks,Mobarakeh Steel Industries, Thermal power plant: a power plant in which chemical energy inherent in solid, liquid, gaseous 366 IRAN STATISTICAL YEARBOOK 1391 8. WATER AND ELECTRICITY fuels is transformed into electricity. This Power transmission line: a line composed of definition covers nuclear, steam, gas, combined- conductors, insulators and other subsidiary cycle and diesel power plants. equipment used for transmission of high amount Steam power plant: a kind of power plant in of electricity, with high voltages in long distances which thermal energy produced from liquid, between source points (power plants and receiving solid and gas fuels is used for steam production points. and then driving the steam turbine to generate Sub-transmission line: a collection electricity. oftransmissionlines with voltages from 63 to 132 Gas power plant: a type of power plant in which kV. hot gas produced from the thermal energy in gas Electricity customers: natural or legal persons and liquid fuels drives gas turbine to generate whose specifications are registered by customers electricity. division according to the regulation of the power Combined-cycle power plant: a kind of power company after submitting the required documents plant in which, in addition to electric energy in and payment of the related costs, and are offered a gas turbine, the heat in gases off the gas turbine is customer number. used for production of steam using a recycling Household uses: electricity used by households to steam kettle. The steam produced is transformed operate common electric appliances and for lights into electric energy in a steam turbo generator set. in residential units. Diesel power plant:
Recommended publications
  • Review and Updated Checklist of Freshwater Fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, Distribution and Conservation Status

    Review and Updated Checklist of Freshwater Fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, Distribution and Conservation Status

    Iran. J. Ichthyol. (March 2017), 4(Suppl. 1): 1–114 Received: October 18, 2016 © 2017 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: February 30, 2017 P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.7508/iji.2017 http://www.ijichthyol.org Review and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran: Taxonomy, distribution and conservation status Hamid Reza ESMAEILI1*, Hamidreza MEHRABAN1, Keivan ABBASI2, Yazdan KEIVANY3, Brian W. COAD4 1Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 2Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center. Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Anzali, Iran 3Department of Natural Resources (Fisheries Division), Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran 4Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4 Canada *Email: [email protected] Abstract: This checklist aims to reviews and summarize the results of the systematic and zoogeographical research on the Iranian inland ichthyofauna that has been carried out for more than 200 years. Since the work of J.J. Heckel (1846-1849), the number of valid species has increased significantly and the systematic status of many of the species has changed, and reorganization and updating of the published information has become essential. Here we take the opportunity to provide a new and updated checklist of freshwater fishes of Iran based on literature and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history and new fish collections. This article lists 288 species in 107 genera, 28 families, 22 orders and 3 classes reported from different Iranian basins. However, presence of 23 reported species in Iranian waters needs confirmation by specimens.
  • LCSH Section K

    LCSH Section K

    K., Rupert (Fictitious character) Motion of K stars in line of sight Ka-đai language USE Rupert (Fictitious character : Laporte) Radial velocity of K stars USE Kadai languages K-4 PRR 1361 (Steam locomotive) — Orbits Ka’do Herdé language USE 1361 K4 (Steam locomotive) UF Galactic orbits of K stars USE Herdé language K-9 (Fictitious character) (Not Subd Geog) K stars—Galactic orbits Ka’do Pévé language UF K-Nine (Fictitious character) BT Orbits USE Pévé language K9 (Fictitious character) — Radial velocity Ka Dwo (Asian people) K 37 (Military aircraft) USE K stars—Motion in line of sight USE Kadu (Asian people) USE Junkers K 37 (Military aircraft) — Spectra Ka-Ga-Nga script (May Subd Geog) K 98 k (Rifle) K Street (Sacramento, Calif.) UF Script, Ka-Ga-Nga USE Mauser K98k rifle This heading is not valid for use as a geographic BT Inscriptions, Malayan K.A.L. Flight 007 Incident, 1983 subdivision. Ka-houk (Wash.) USE Korean Air Lines Incident, 1983 BT Streets—California USE Ozette Lake (Wash.) K.A. Lind Honorary Award K-T boundary Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary UF Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) K.A. Linds hederspris K-T Extinction Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Moderna museets vänners skulpturpris USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction BT National parks and reserves—Hawaii K-ABC (Intelligence test) K-T Mass Extinction Ka Iwi Scenic Shoreline Park (Hawaii) USE Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children USE Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-B Bridge (Palau) K-TEA (Achievement test) Ka Iwi Shoreline (Hawaii) USE Koro-Babeldaod Bridge (Palau) USE Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement USE Ka Iwi National Scenic Shoreline (Hawaii) K-BIT (Intelligence test) K-theory Ka-ju-ken-bo USE Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test [QA612.33] USE Kajukenbo K.
  • Mathematical Model for Evaluating of Sediment Transport (Case Study: Karkheh River in Iran)

    Mathematical Model for Evaluating of Sediment Transport (Case Study: Karkheh River in Iran)

    ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(23), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i23/75246, September 2015 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 Mathematical Model for Evaluating of Sediment Transport (Case Study: Karkheh River in Iran) Farhang Azarang1*, Abdol Rasoul Telvari2, Hossein Sedghi1 and Mahmoud Shafai Bajestan3 1Department of Water Science and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran - 1477893855, Iran; [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ahwaz, Iran; [email protected] 3Department of Water Science and Engineering, Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran; [email protected] Abstract Reservoir dams are the most important hydraulic structures built on rivers and have a great impact on the river conditions. In this study, MIKE 11 mathematical model in Karkheh river is used in Iran. Karkheh River is one of the most important rivers of Iran on which Karkheh Reservoir Dam is built. MIKE 11 Model is used for simulation of flow and sediment in rivers. The studied Kriavrekr hfelohw R idvoerw annsdtr ceoammp ouft aKtiaornkahle rhe sRueltsse wrveorier cDoammp aarnedd eancdo emvaplausasteesd gweiotmh oebtrsiecr, vhaytdiornaual idc aatan.d C rsoesdsim seecnttios nianlf ogremomateiotrnic oafl cKhaarnkghesh oRfi vKearr kinh Aehb dRoivlkehr aunp asntrde aHmam (Aidbidyeohlk hhyadnr hoymdertormic esttraitci osntast. iMona)n wnienrge’ sc raolcuuglhanteeds sa cnode tfhfiec ibeenst t0 w.0a2y5s wtoa sp rceodniscitd cehreadn gfoesr shape. Longitudinal bed level changes of Karkheh River was estimated from upstream to downstream. Elevation changes of Kwaerrkeh ienhtr roidvuerc ebde. dE nwgaesl uonbdta-Hinaends eant tahned h Aycdkreorms-eWtrhicit est eaqtiuoantsio onfs A obffdeorlekdh abne t(tuerp sptrreedaimct)i oannsd o Hf cahmaindgiehs i(nd othwen Kstarrekahmeh) uRsivinegr MIKE 11 Model.
  • Evaluation of Precipitation and River Discharge Variations Over Southwestern Iran During Recent Decades

    Evaluation of Precipitation and River Discharge Variations Over Southwestern Iran During Recent Decades

    Evaluation of precipitation and river discharge variations over southwestern Iran during recent decades Azadeh Arbabi Sabzevari1,∗, Mohammad Zarenistanak2, Hossein Tabari3 and Shokat Moghimi4 1Department of Geography, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2Research Institute of Shakes Pajouh, Isfahan, Iran. 3Hydraulics Division, Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium. 4Department of Geography, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. ∗Corresponding author. e-mail: [email protected] This study investigates trend and change point in the annual and monthly precipitation and river dis- charge time series for a 56-year period (1956/57–2011/12). The analyses were carried out for 17 rain gauge stations and 13 hydrometric stations located in the southwest regions of Iran. Five statistical tests of Mann–Kendall, Spearman, Sequential Mann–Kendall, Pettitt and Sen’s slope estimator were utilized for the analysis. The relationships between the precipitation and river discharge series were also exam- ined by the Pearson correlation test. The results obtained for the precipitation time series indicated that most of the stations were characterized by insignificant trends for both the annual and monthly series. The analysis of discharge trends revealed a significant increase during both the annual and October through April series. The magnitude of significant increasing trends in annual river discharge ranged between 6.65 and 20.49 m3/s per decade. The highest number of significant trends in the monthly river discharge series was observed in January and February, accounting for seven and four trends respectively. Furthermore, most of the annual and monthly river discharge series showed significant change points in the 1970s.
  • CHAPTER 3 HYDROLOGICAL MODELING 3.1 Introduction 3.2

    CHAPTER 3 HYDROLOGICAL MODELING 3.1 Introduction 3.2

    The Study on Flood and Debris Flow Supporting Report I (Master Plan) Paper IV in the Caspian Coastal Area Meteo-Hydrology focusing on the Flood-hit Region in Golestan Province CHAPTER 3 HYDROLOGICAL MODELING 3.1 Introduction An integrated and distributed MIKE SHE hydrological model is used to evaluate rainfall-runoff process in the Madarsoo River basin. The model is able to analyze impacts of watershed management practices, land use, soil types, topographic features, flow regulation structures, etc. over the basin on river flows. For this, MIKE SHE model was coupled with MIKE 11 river modeling system to simulate flows in the river system. Inflows and hydrodynamic processes in rivers are taken into consideration for model development. The model computes river flows taking account of overland flow, interflow and base-flow. An integrated and distributed hydrological model MIKE SHE was set up for the Madarsoo River basin for the following reasons: (1) To generate probable or design discharges precisely in the river system to assist on flood control master plan development, (2) To analyze the impacts of watershed management practices and biological measures of flood mitigation by quantifying river flows under these circumstances, and (3) To analyze the impact of incorporation of flood regulation structures like dam in the river system to reduce peak flows. 3.2 MIKE SHE MIKE SHE is an integrated hydrological model because all components of hydrological cycle (precipitation, evapotranspiration, surface flow, infiltration, groundwater flow, etc.) are incorporated into the model. Similarly, and it is also a distributed model because the model can handle spatial and temporal distributions of parameters.
  • See the Document

    See the Document

    IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways
  • Water Management in Iran: What Is Causing the Looming Crisis

    Water Management in Iran: What Is Causing the Looming Crisis

    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264936452 Water management in Iran: What is causing the looming crisis Article in Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences · December 2014 DOI: 10.1007/s13412-014-0182-z CITATIONS READS 81 1,742 1 author: Kaveh Madani Imperial College London 163 PUBLICATIONS 2,275 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: System of Systems Analysis of Electricity Technologies in the European Union View project CHANSE: Coupled Human And Natural Systems Environment for water management under uncertainty in the Indo-Gangetic Plain View project All content following this page was uploaded by Kaveh Madani on 22 August 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. J Environ Stud Sci DOI 10.1007/s13412-014-0182-z Water management in Iran: what is causing the looming crisis? Kaveh Madani # AESS 2014 Abstract Despite having a more advanced water manage- Introduction ment system than most Middle Eastern countries, similar to the other countries in the region, Iran is experiencing a serious Located in West Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea in the north, water crisis. The government blames the current crisis on the and the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman in the south, Iran is the changing climate, frequent droughts, and international sanc- second largest country in the Middle East (after Saudi Arabia) tions, believing that water shortages are periodic. However, and the 18th largest country in the world with an area of the dramatic water security issues of Iran are rooted in decades 1,648,195 km2.
  • Chapter Four Introduction to The

    Chapter Four Introduction to The

    CHAPTER FOUR INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY AREA 4.1 Introduction This chapter provides a general picture of socio-economic life in the four villages selected for the case study. All four villages are located in Northwestern Iran and, in terms of administrative divisions, belong to the Central District of the county of Marand. To give a general picture of the area where the sample villages are located, the present chapter begins with an overview of the socio-economic features of the county of Marand. This discussion is followed by a brief review of the villages' spatial context. Two types of data are used to describe and explain demographic changes in the sample villages. Changes in the size and structure of the population during the 2.5 years from 1966 till 1991 come from census data. Iran has experienced a massive and historically unprecedented movement of people from rural to urban centres over the past few decades (Kazemi 1980; Ayremlo 1984a; Hesamian, Etemad and Haery 1934; Hosseinzadeh 1992; Lahsaeizadeh, 1993b). In the context of the study area, this will be demonstrated by using data from the field survey. Infrastructure and provision of services will also be discussed to show the extent of the availability of needed services for residents on the one hand and the diversity among sample villages in terms of access on the other. This part of the chapter is based on field observations and data colleci:ed from interviews with local informed people. The final section of the Chapter concludes the discussion. 4.2 Study area in administrative divisions The four villages selected for the study of socio-economic changes are situated in the Dowlat Abad Subdistrict of the county of Marand in the province of Eastern 76 Azarbaijan (Map 4.1).
  • Fuzzy Clustering and Distributed Model for Streamflow Estimation In

    Fuzzy Clustering and Distributed Model for Streamflow Estimation In

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Fuzzy clustering and distributed model for streamfow estimation in ungauged watersheds Amirhosein Mosavi1,2, Mohammad Golshan3, Bahram Choubin4*, Alan D. Ziegler5, Shahram Khalighi Sigaroodi6, Fan Zhang7 & Adrienn A. Dineva8,9* This paper proposes a regionalization method for streamfow prediction in ungauged watersheds in the 7461 km2 area above the Gharehsoo Hydrometry Station in the Ardabil Province, in the north of Iran. First, the Fuzzy c-means clustering method (FCM) was used to divide 46 gauged (19) and ungauged (27) watersheds into homogenous groups based on a variety of topographical and climatic factors. After identifying the homogenous watersheds, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated and validated using data from the gauged watersheds in each group. The calibrated parameters were then tested in another gauged watershed that we considered as a pseudo ungauged watershed in each group. Values of R-Squared and Nash–Sutclife efciency (NSE) were both ≥ 0.70 during the calibration and validation phases; and ≥ 0.80 and ≥ 0.74, respectively, during the testing in the pseudo ungauged watersheds. Based on these metrics, the validated regional models demonstrated a satisfactory result for predicting streamfow in the ungauged watersheds within each group. These models are important for managing stream quantity and quality in the intensive agriculture study area. Ungauged watersheds are prevalent throughout the world1, particularly in small watersheds where a strong understanding of local stream response to rainfall inputs is critical to specifc management issues 2. While a prediction of streamfow and value of output in a specifc time is essential for engineering practices and having sustainable watershed management.
  • New Species Ofastragalus L. (Leguminosae)

    New Species Ofastragalus L. (Leguminosae)

    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien Jahr/Year: 2004 Band/Volume: 105B Autor(en)/Author(s): Podlech D. Artikel/Article: New species of Astragalus L. (Leguminosae), mainly from Iran. 565-596 ©Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 105 ß 565 - 596 Wien, April 2004 New species of Astragalus L. (Leguminosae), mainly from Iran D. Podlech* Abstract During the work on Astragalus for "Flora Iranica" and the neighbouring countries 34 new species of Astragalus could be discovered among the rich material collected in recent times. They belong to the fol- lowing sections: Sect. Brachylobium: A. abditus, A. aestivorum, A. bojnurdensis; Sect. Caprini: A. attarae; Sect. Dissitiflori: A. aestimabilis, A. submontanus; Sect. Erioceras: A. nubicola; Sect. Hymenostegis: A. austrokhorasanicus, A. vernaculus; Sect. Hypoglottidei: A. dengolanensis; Sect. Incanì: A. alavaanus, A. caespititius, A. divandarrehensis, A. diversus,A. dopolanicus,A. gulul-saranii, A. kuhidashtensis, A. nal- bandicus, A. paucifoliolatus; Sect. Malacothrix: A. angustistipulatus, A. bajgiranensis, A. brevitomentosus, A. heterophyllus, A. marandicus, A. mutuus, A. roessleri, A. sarikamishensis, A. shuturunkuhensis; Sect. Mesocarpon: A. pseudoquisqualis; Sect. Onobrychoidei: A. sufianicus; Sect. Plagiophaca: A. turgidus; Sect. Polycladus: A. pseudobagramiensis; Sect. Stereothrix: A. pseudocapito; Sect. Trachycercis: A. pseudo- shebarensis. A. pseudopendulina KAMELE is renamed because of illegitimacy: A. neplii. Keywords: Leguminosae, Astragalus; Flora of Iran; new species. Zusammenfassung Im Verlauf der Bearbeitung der Gattung Astragalus für die "Flora Iranica" und die angrenzenden Gebiete konnten 34 neue Arten der Gattung aufgefunden werden, die hier beschrieben werden. Sie gehören zu folgenden Sektionen: Sect.
  • An Applied SWOT Model for Analyzing Role-Taking of Converted Villages to Towns in Urban Network Behzad ENTEZARI1, Mostafa TALESHI2, Mahdi MUSAKAZEMI3 1 Ph.D

    An Applied SWOT Model for Analyzing Role-Taking of Converted Villages to Towns in Urban Network Behzad ENTEZARI1, Mostafa TALESHI2, Mahdi MUSAKAZEMI3 1 Ph.D

    Special Issue INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND February 2016 CULTURAL STUDIES ISSN 2356-5926 An Applied SWOT Model for Analyzing Role-Taking of Converted Villages to Towns in Urban Network Behzad ENTEZARI1, Mostafa TALESHI2, Mahdi MUSAKAZEMI3 1 Ph.D. Student in Geography and Rural Planning, PNU. Tehran (Responsible Author) 1 Associated Prof. of Geography, PNU, Tehran 1 Associated Prof. of Geography, PNU, Tehran (The case of 12 villages in East Azerbaijan/Iran – 2001-2011) Abstract One of the most important features of urbanization in IRAN, like other third world countries, has been converting rural points to new city centers. These effects impact on the number of cities and urban networks of the different regions. So it is necessary to provide new development plans for these new rurban settlements. However, as the usual, after converting them to cities, especially in macro regional plans, they are placed in the same group as service points for their rural jurisdictions. As a result, there is a need to introduce some methods and models for separating these small settlements to be able to offer different strategies for their development and role- taking in the region’s urban network. For this purpose, using SWOT analysis, a research has been done in 12 converted former villages to city centers during 2001-2011 in East Azerbaijan, Iran. The results show that with regard to structural-functional features of each settlement, it would be possible to place them in different groups and offer different strategies for each group. The model can be easily applied to small towns and rural centers almost in all and especially in the third world countries.
  • Article Raphignathoid Mite Fauna of Fields and Orchards of Marand

    Article Raphignathoid Mite Fauna of Fields and Orchards of Marand

    Persian Journal of Acarology, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 57−76 Article Raphignathoid mite fauna of fields and orchards of Marand (Northwestern Iran) with two new records from Iran and six new records for East Azerbaijan province Reza Navaei-Bonab1, Mohammad Bagheri2 & Elham Zarei2 1 Young Researchers Club, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, East Azerbaijan province, Iran; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran; [email protected] Key Words: Acari, new records, Iran, Raphignathoidea, Marand, fields and orchards Abstract A study of the raphignathoid mite fauna of fields and orchards in Marand, Northwestern Iran, revealed two new species for the mite fauna of Iran, namely: Eustigmaeus ioaniensis Kapaxidi & Papadoulis, 1999 and Agistemus industani Gonzalez-Roodrigez, 1965 and six species for mites new for the fauna of East Azerbaijan province and eight species new for the mite fauna of Marand. Stigmaeidae with 13 species and Barbutiidae and Camerobiidae with one species each had the highest and the lowest number of identified species, respectively. A key to the Iranian families and genera of Raphignathoidea are included. Introduction The Raphignathoidea Kramer, 1877 comprises a large cosmopolitan group of families, which are found in various ecosystems: foliage, branches, trunks, moss and lichen, litter, soil, animal nests, stored products, and even in house dust. The majority of the raphignathoid mites are free-living predators but a few are phytophagous, feeding on moss, and some species are parasites or symbionts of insects (Doğan, 2006). Amongst the predators, some are important biological control agents of spider mites, eriophyid mites, and scale insects in agriculture and forestry (Gerson & Smiley, 1990; Walter & Gerson, 1998; Fan & Zhang, 2005).