Mega Science Project India Will Soon Be Joining a Global Network of Gravitational Wave Observatories

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mega Science Project India Will Soon Be Joining a Global Network of Gravitational Wave Observatories Y. B ALA MURALI KRISHNA Article Gravitational Wave Feature Observatory Mega Science Project India will soon be joining a global network of Gravitational Wave Observatories. (GWO)” in collaboration with the United involved sanction of Rs.1260 crores to be States of America as part of a global spent over the next 15 years (2012-2027). VEN as top particle physicists the network. The prestigious project, mooted by world over recently celebrated the The proposal for the $290 million the Consortium of Indian Initiative in Ediscovery of the Higgs boson at dollar facility is pending approval of the Gravitational Wave Observations, Geneva’s CERN facility, India is geared to Government of India. The Indian scientists codenamed IndIGO, aims at construction add a new dimension to 21st century are confident that the Union Cabinet will and subsequent fifteen year operation of astrophysics by setting up a state-of-the- soon clear the ‘mega-science project’ that an advanced interferometric gravitational art “Gravitational Wave Observatory wave detector in India, called LIGO-India, in collaboration with USA’s LIGO What are Gravitational Waves? Laboratory. We often hear of X-rays, Radio waves, Alpha-rays, Gamma-rays, Micro-waves, “We are confident that India joins the Ultra-violet rays and Light-rays from different sources including the sky. All US-led global network of GWOs to further of them, in the language of science, are known as electro-magnetic waves, promote astronomy of the 21st century. emitted by electric charges in motion that have several applications in day- India could play a pivotal role as a partner to-day life, medicine, electronics and even telecommunications including of the global network as we are on the television and radio networks. threshold of a new era of gravitational wave Another type of waves, known as “gravitational waves” (GWs) akin to the astrophysics,” says Dr. Stan Whitcomb, chief electro-magnetic waves, have been detected from the Universe. The GWs are scientist of the LIGO Lab. emitted by gravitating bodies in motion, such as two ‘black holes’ spiralling He was interacting with the author after towards each other in a binary orbit in the cosmos. visiting India recently as part of a five- Gravitational Waves are extremely difficult to detect, and although they member high-level US delegation to find were predicted about one hundred years ago, till today they have not been out whether India is keen to take seen in experiments, physicists say. advantage of the global network. There is irrefutable indirect evidence that they do exist – this evidence Other members of the US’s LIGO group comes from the Nobel Prize winning discovery that the compact binary orbit delegation included Dr. Dave Reitze (LIGO of a pair of stars is shrinking due to the emission of gravitational waves, Director), Dr. Jay Marx (LIGO ex-Director), precisely as predicted by General Theory of Relativity. Dr. David Shoemaker (Advanced LIGO The experimental discovery of gravitational waves will open an Project Leader) and Dr. Fred Raab (Head, extraordinary new window in astronomy, what is often known as gravitational LIGO Hanford Observatory). wave astronomy. Just as astronomers have been studying the Universe for “We visited IPR (Ahmedabad), RRCAT centuries using electromagnetic waves, they will in the future be able to (Indore) and IUCAA (Pune). At each study it with gravity waves. location, we met with a number of IndIGO Great experiments are currently in progress worldwide, using colleagues for discussions about the LIGO ‘Gravitational Wave Detectors (GWD)’, to find gravitational waves. technical requirements, and visited a SCIENCE REPORTER, NOVEMBER 2012 44 Feature Article Dr. Bala Iyer, Chairman, IndIGO Council with US’s LIGO-Lab Chief Scientist Dr. Stan Whitcomb (right) number of laboratories to see the Indian ready by 2017, is under construction in an holes, tight constraints on physics at nuclear capabilities in the relevant areas,” he said. underground Kemijoki mine in Japan as densities, insight into the mechanism of Asked about the site selection for the part of the network. short gamma-ray bursts, highly accurate mega-science project in India, he said, measurements of the Hubble flow out to the delegation reviewed some general z ~ 0.2, tests of strong-field relativity, information concerning the Indian Significance of GWO measurements of the speed of geological formations, and discussed the Prof. Bernard F. Schutz from the Max Planck gravitational waves, constraints on extra steps that would be needed to assess and Institute for Gravitational Physics, Albert scalar gravitational fields, and tests of the validate any proposed site. Einstein Institute, Potsdam, Germany, who cosmic censorship hypothesis,” Prof. Schutz There are two detectors in the USA had earlier interacted with Indian claims. under LIGO Laboratory while the third one astrophysicists and cosmologists in Goa Further, sensitivity improvements, and GEO is in Hannover (Germany) now under avers that study of the Gravitational Waves then the construction of third-generation upgrade with pioneering advanced is the astronomy of the 21st century. detectors like the Einstein Telescope, offer optical technologies. An advanced LIGO “Advanced ground-based detectors much more than this. The opening of the version of the VIRGO with advanced will almost certainly make the first low-frequency window with a space- seismic isolation system is also operational detections of gravitational waves within the based detector like LISA or eLISA will bring near Pisa in France with US collaboration next few years. With a worldwide network all our galaxy’s compact binary systems since May 2007. of five sensitive detectors, we will be able under scrutiny and will reveal how the A $100-million Large Cryogenic to count on spectacular science returns: massive black hole population of the Gravitational Telescope (CGWT), to be mass functions for neutron stars and black universe got started and grew. The ultra-low frequency window explored by pulsar timing can give further Completing the Global Network information about the supermassive black ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ hole population. These are the scientific outcomes we can predict and what we can’t predict will be guaranteed to be GEO Virgo LIGO even more interesting! LCGT Planned detectors are very close to IndIGO on the Move co-planar-- Meanwhile, chairman of the IndIGO not optimal for all-sky coverage Consortium Council Dr. Bala Iyer says the consortium is going ahead with identifying suitable seismically free sites for the Large increase to science capability proposed GWO. from a southern node in the network “Various sites would be studied for various parameters before shortlisting them LIGO-India even as we are anxiously awaiting the clearance of the project by the LIGO-G110127201 ICGC, Goa Government of India,” he said. “The An artistic view of the global network of GWOs indications so far are positive.” 45 SCIENCE REPORTER, NOVEMBER 2012 Feature Article For the LIGO-India project, the US and its international partners (UK, Germany and Australia) will contribute complete design and hardware of the detector worth $140M (Rs 650 Crores). Consortium is going ahead with identifying suitable seismically free sites Inside view of LIGO for the proposed GWO. The project would go a long way in facilitating national and international is considered to be an essential element providing job opportunities for young Indian collaboration. in the global network of detectors. astrophysicists and cosmologists besides “The task of constructing this very paving way for high-end research with sophisticated detector at the limits of IndIGO: Status international collaborators. Some Indian present day technology is facilitated by Interestingly, the IndIGO Consortium has scientists have already been undergoing the amazing opportunity offered by the become a member of the Gravitational training at the US LIGO Laboratory. LIGO Laboratory and its international Wave International Committee (GWIC) and partners to provide the complete design of the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC). Dimensions of LIGO-INDIA and all the key components required to LSC membership gives the IndIGO scientists The proposed Indian detector is a 4-km build the detector as part of the access to detector data of LIGO-USA and arm-length Michelson Interferometer with collaboration,” Dr. Tarun says. the opportunity to be part of the potential Fabry-Perot enhancement arms, and aims Indian scientists will build the detector first detection of GW. to detect fractional changes in the arm- as also the entire infrastructure including The US National Science Foundation length smaller than 10-23 Hz-1/2, says the ultra-high vacuum vessels and tubes (Advanced LIGO’s main sponsor) has IndIGO spokesman Dr. Tarun Souradeep. required to house the interferometer at a already given approval to study the The minimum size requirement for the suitable, gravitationally and seismically feasibility for LIGO-India. At the same time, detector is a L-shaped site of arms 4 km quiet site in India. IndIGO and the LIGO the foundation board is expected soon to and width 150 m. This is about 300 acres. Laboratory will work together in realizing give formal approval for the collaboration. The area should be seismically quiet and the Indian node (LIGO-India) of the The science case for LIGO-India is free of anthropogenic noise but close international gravitational wave detector compelling, observes the NSF. enough
Recommended publications
  • Ligo-India Proposal for an Interferometric Gravitational-Wave Observatory
    LIGO-INDIA PROPOSAL FOR AN INTERFEROMETRIC GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE OBSERVATORY IndIGO Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA !"#!$ Indian Initiative in Gravitational wave Observations http://www.gw-indigo.org II Title of the Project LIGO-INDIA Proposal of the Consortium for INDIAN INITIATIVE IN GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATIONS IndIGO to Department of Atomic Energy & Department of Science and Technology Government of India IndIGO Consortium Institutions Chennai Mathematical Institute IISER, Kolkata IISER, Pune IISER, Thiruvananthapuram IIT Madras, Chennai IIT, Kanpur IPR, Bhatt IUCAA, Pune RRCAT, Indore University of Delhi (UD), Delhi Principal Leads Bala Iyer (RRI), Chair, IndIGO Consortium Council Tarun Souradeep (IUCAA), Spokesperson, IndIGO Consortium Council C.S. Unnikrishnan (TIFR), Coordinator Experiments, IndIGO Consortium Council Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA), Science Advisor, IndIGO Consortium Council Sendhil Raja (RRCAT) Ajai Kumar (IPR) Anand Sengupta(UD) 10 November 2011 PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA II PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA LIGO-India EXECUTIVE SUMMARY III PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA IV PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA This proposal by the IndIGO consortium is for the construction and subsequent 10- year operation of an advanced interferometric gravitational wave detector in India called LIGO-India under an international collaboration with Laser Interferometer Gravitational–wave Observatory (LIGO) Laboratory, USA. The detector is a 4-km arm-length Michelson Interferometer with Fabry-Perot enhancement arms, and aims to detect fractional changes in the arm-length smaller than 10-23 Hz-1/2 . The task of constructing this very sophisticated detector at the limits of present day technology is facilitated by the amazing opportunity offered by the LIGO Laboratory and its international partners to provide the complete design and all the key components required to build the detector as part of the collaboration.
    [Show full text]
  • The GREAT ARC 1-23.Qxd 6/24/03 5:27 PM Page 2
    1-23.qxd 6/24/03 5:27 PM Page 1 The GREAT ARC 1-23.qxd 6/24/03 5:27 PM Page 2 SURVEY of INDIA AN INTRODUCTION Dr. Prithvish Nag, Surveyor General of India he Survey of lndia has played an invaluable respite, whether on the slopes of the Western Ghats, role in the saga of India’s nation building. the swampy areas of the Sundarbans, ponds and TIt has seldom been realized that the founding tanks, oxbow lakes or the meandering rivers of of modern India coincides with the early activities of Bengal, Madurai or the Ganga basin. Neither were this department, and the contribution of the Survey the deserts spared, nor the soaring peaks of the has received little emphasis - not even by the Himalayas, the marshlands of the Rann of Kutch, department itself. Scientific and development rivers such as the Chambal in the north and Gandak initiatives in the country could not have taken place to the east, the terai or the dooars.With purpose and without the anticipatory actions taken by the dedication the intrepid men of the Survey confronted department, which played an indispensable the waves of the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, dust pioneering role in understanding the country’s storms of Rajasthan, cyclones of the eastern coast, the priorities in growth and defense. cold waves of the north and the widespread The path-breaking activities of the Survey came, monsoons and enervating heat. of course, at a price and with immense effort. The It was against this price, and with the scientific measurement of the country, which was the determination and missionary zeal of the Survey’s Survey’s primary task, had several ramifications.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomy in India
    TRADITIONSKnowledg & PRACTICES OF INDIA e Textbook for Class XI Module 1 Astronomy in India CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 India TRADITIONSKnowledg & PRACTICESe OF INDIA Textbook for Class XI Module 1 Astronomy in India CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION Shiksha Kendra, 2, Community Centre, Preet Vihar, Delhi-110 092 India No part of this publication may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Preface India has a rich tradition of intellectual inquiry and a textual heritage that goes back to several hundreds of years. India was magnificently advanced in knowledge traditions and practices during the ancient and medieval times. The intellectual achievements of Indian thought are found across several fields of study in ancient Indian texts ranging from the Vedas and the Upanishads to a whole range of scriptural, philosophical, scientific, technical and artistic sources. As knowledge of India's traditions and practices has become restricted to a few erudite scholars who have worked in isolation, CBSE seeks to introduce a course in which an effort is made to make it common knowledge once again. Moreover, during its academic interactions and debates at key meetings with scholars and experts, it was decided that CBSE may introduce a course titled ‘Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India’ as a new Elective for classes XI - XII from the year 2012-13. It has been felt that there are many advantages of introducing such a course in our education system.
    [Show full text]
  • Beast and Man in India
    m ?NW'^t... *%, -;& ?> } > ! ! , : i j y"i :' QL 301 G/C BEAST AND MAN IN INDIA BEAST AND MAN IN INDIA A POPULAR SKETCH OF INDIAN ANIMALS IN THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE PEOPLE BY JOHN LOCKWOOD KIPLING, C.I.E. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1904 A II rights reserved I think I could turn and live with animals, they are so placid and self-contained I stand and look at them long and long. They do not sweat and whine about their condition, They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins, They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God, Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented with the mania of owning things." WALT WHITMAN. ; Second, 1892, 1904 TO THE OTHER THREE CONTENTS CHAP. i. INTRODUCTORY . 2. OF BIRDS . .16 3. OF MONKEYS . 5^ 4. OF ASSES . 75 5. OF GOATS AND SHEEP . 87 6. OF Cows AND OXEN . 103 7. OF BUFFALOES AND PIGS . 154 8. OF HORSES AND MULES 164 2 9. OF ELEPHANTS . 7 10. OF CAMELS . 244 261 11. OF DOGS, FOXES, AND JACKALS .282 12. OF CATS . 288 13. OF ANIMAL CALLS . 14. OF ANIMAL TRAINING . 292 15. OF REPTILES . 33 16. OF ANIMALS IN INDIAN ART . 320 17. OF BEAST FIGHTS . 344 . 2 18. OF ANIMALS AND THE SUPERNATURAL . 35 ILLUSTRATIONS CALIGRAPHIC TIGER . Milnshi Sher Muhammad . Dedication PAGE BIRD SCARING ". J. L. Kipling . 15 INITIAL (A PUNJAB WINDOW) . Amir Bakhsh . 16 THE PARROT'S CAGE . /. L. Kipling . 18 A PERFORMING PARROT .
    [Show full text]
  • Jean-Sylvain Bailly's History of Indian Astronomy
    Revue d’histoire des math´ematiques, 9 (2003), p. 253–306. BETWIXT JESUIT AND ENLIGHTENMENT HISTORIOGRAPHY: JEAN-SYLVAIN BAILLY'S HISTORY OF INDIAN ASTRONOMY Dhruv RAINA (*) ABSTRACT. — The crystallization of scientific disciplines in late eighteenth-century Europe was accompanied by the proliferation of specialist histories of science. These histories were framed as much by the imperatives of the astronomy of the times as they were by the compulsions of disciplinary differentiation. This paper attempts to contextualise the engagement with the astronomy of India in the histories of astronomy authored in the eighteenth century by the astronomer Jean-Sylvain Bailly. While Bailly’s history of astronomy is not considered very highly among historians of science, the key themes that were to engage the concerns of historians of astronomy working on India for the next century were already in place in Bailly’s history. The paper traces the influence of Jesuit historiography of India on the landscape of French Enlightenment historiography – and in particular on Bailly’s quaint antediluvian theory of the origins of Indian astronomy. The reception of Bailly’s theory of Indian astronomy is also read in context. Consequently, it is argued that in the historiography of Indian astronomy, Bailly’s history marks a liminal moment before the binary dichotomies of the history of science framed the history of Oriental astronomy. RESUM´ E´. — ENTRE HISTORIOGRAPHIE JESUITE´ ET LUMIERES` : L’HISTOIRE DE L’ASTRONOMIE INDIENNE DE JEAN-SYLVAIN BAILLY. – Le processus de (*) Texte re¸cu le 12 octobre 2001, r´evis´e le 8 octobre 2002. D. RAINA, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110070 (India).
    [Show full text]
  • Beginnings of Indian Astronomy with Reference to a Parallel Development in China
    History of Science in South Asia A journal for the history of all forms of scientific thought and action, ancient and modern, in all regions of South Asia Beginnings of Indian Astronomy with Reference to a Parallel Development in China Asko Parpola University of Helsinki MLA style citation form: Asko Parpola, “Beginnings of Indian Astronomy, with Reference to a Parallel De- velopment in China” History of Science in South Asia (): –. Online version available at: http://hssa.sayahna.org/. HISTORY OF SCIENCE IN SOUTH ASIA A journal for the history of all forms of scientific thought and action, ancient and modern, in all regions of South Asia, published online at http://hssa.sayahna.org Editorial Board: • Dominik Wujastyk, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria • Kim Plofker, Union College, Schenectady, United States • Dhruv Raina, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India • Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma, formerly Aligarh Muslim University, Düsseldorf, Germany • Fabrizio Speziale, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – CNRS, Paris, France • Michio Yano, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan Principal Contact: Dominik Wujastyk, Editor, University of Vienna Email: [email protected] Mailing Address: Krishna GS, Editorial Support, History of Science in South Asia Sayahna, , Jagathy, Trivandrum , Kerala, India This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Copyrights of all the articles rest with the respective authors and published under the provisions of Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike . Unported License. The electronic versions were generated from sources marked up in LATEX in a computer running / operating system. was typeset using XƎTEX from TEXLive .
    [Show full text]
  • Father of Modern Astronomy in India
    Proc. of AP Akademi of Sciences VO~.6, NO.2,2002, pp.79-86. FATHER OF MODERN ASTRONOMY IN INDIA G.S.D. BABU Vainu Bappu Observatory, Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Kavalur, Tamilnadu- 635 701 The life of Vainu Bappu will stand out as a memorable event in the history of Astronomy in India. He came into this world with apurpose. Although he had to leave before it could be fully achieved, he created the necessary infrastructure and atmosphere for the future scientists of his country to regain lost glory in the oldest of its sciences. Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu was born on August 10,1927. His ancestors hailed from Cannanore, but several members of his family had migrated to Mangalore and nearby places. Vainu's father, Man& Kakuzhi Bappu, had joinedNizamiah Observatory and settled down in Hyderabad. Vainu had his school and College education in Hyderabad. His gift of oratory and writing skills from a very early age evoked wide spread admiration among his school teachers. Vainu apparently inherited this quality from his parents. His mother's elder brother, Rao Bahadur U Shankunnywas a famous literateur and orator; another brother U. Balakrishnan, a headmaster, was known foryears to have cultivated the love of reading in his students. In the College, he was instrumental in running the magazine and organising scientific activities. He became the secretary of the College's Physics Association, and was most active in arranging meetings andlectures. He was an ardent admirer of scientists and was bent on becoming one later. In 1943, when Sir C V Raman delivered a series of lectures in Hyderabad, Vainu did not miss a single word; for this purpose, he had to cycle ten miles each way daily after his classes.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Astronomy – Concepts and Procedures
    Indian Journal of History of Science, 50.2 (2015) 357-358 DOI: 10.16943/ijhs/2015/v50i2/48246 Book Review Indian Astronomy – Concepts and Procedures S Balachandra Rao, M.P. Birla Institute of Management, Associate Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 43, Race Course Road, Bengaluru- 560 001, 2014, pages xiv+332, Price: Rs. 450/- (Foreign USD 45). India has a long and rich tradition in astronomers and their works from 5th to 19th astronomy with its roots embedded in remote century AD, which includes the siddhāntas proper antiquity. The earliest astronomical references are and the simplified texts called tantra and karaa. found in g-Veda in the context of calendar The chapter highlights the unbroken continuity of development. The post-vedic period shows the tradition in Indian astronomy from the Vedic to growth of mathematical astronomy beyond its the present time. original engagement with time-reckoning to the Chapters 2 and 3 contain the modern study of planetary motion along with that of the concepts of celestial coordinate system, general Sun and the Moon. Putting all of this in a single precession and how it was dealt in ancient Indian book is a challenging task. The author has done it texts in terms of the quantity called ayanāśa to judiciously by tracing the initial development in fix the zero point for measuring the nirayaa the chapter on ‘Introduction’, followed by the (sidereal) longitudes of the celestial bodies.The modern concepts in spherical astronomy before sidereal system of Indian astronomy based on the going into the detailed methods developed by the 27 nakatras (Lunar Mansions) is explained in Indian astronomers of the siddhāntic period for Chapter 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Indian Astronomy and the Aryan Invasion Theory
    Indian Journal of History of Science, 46.4 (2011) 573-610 ANCIENT INDIAN ASTRONOMY AND THE ARYAN INVASION THEORY T R S PRASANNA* (Received 16 June, 2011; revised 4 November 2011) – Astronomical references in ancient Vedic (Brahman. a and – Sam. hita) texts do not support the Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT) as proposed by western Sanskrit scholars more than 150 years ago.We have examined this issue and present a comprehensive analysis relating to the key astronomical references only and find that they consistently lead to 3000 BC, in contrast to AIT dates to 800 BC. Various shortcomings are highlighted in the process as to the western Sanskrit scholars’ – interpretations of verses on ekas..taka leading to 3000 BC: the references to Pha–lguna full moon marking new year which could only be dated to 3000 BC (new year at winter solstice) or 1200 AD (new year at spring) and nowhere near 800 BC and other facts. The errors in known methods of observations are also examined and estimated. Key words: Ancient Indian astronomy, Eka–staka, Krttika–, – .. Rohin.i, Gnomon, Measurement, Observation 1. INTRODUCTION Nineteenth century European scholars recognized the close similarities between Sanskrit and European languages, now called Indo-European languages. Based only on this similarity and without any hard evidence [Klostermaier 2007], they proposed the Aryan Invasion Theory which claimed that Aryan tribes invaded India about 1500 BC. The R. g Veda is the oldest text. Later Vedic texts, – – Sam. hitas and Brahman. as are dated to 1000-800 BC. AIT has always been controversial and many scholars from the 19th century onwards have opposed it [Bryant 2001, Klostermaier 2007].
    [Show full text]
  • Ksg:Newspaper Crux 25Th January, 2021
    KSG:NEWSPAPER CRUX 25TH JANUARY, 2021 NEWSPAPER HIGHLIGHTS MASCRADE 2021 Amid a raging debate over data 1.Movement against Smuggled & Counterfeit privacy while using messaging Trade(MASCRADE) is the annual flagship conference platforms such as WhatsApp, organised by FICCI(Federation ofn Indian Chambers of terrorist groups and their Commerce & Industry). handlers from Pakistan are 2.It provides a platform to identify opportunities for switching to new applications, joint action between governments and private sector, including one developed by a and enforcement machinery to combat illegal trade. Turkish company. 3.Established in 1927, FICCI is the largest and oldest apex business(non-government, not-for-profit) in India. The Indian Sunderbans, which is part of the largest mangrove SHREE NARAYAN GURU forest in the world, is home to 1.He was saint and social reformer born in Kerala into an 428 species of birds, a recent Ezhava family, a lower caste. He preached “One Caste, publication of the Zoological One God for All” and also authored ‘Atmopadesa Survey of India (ZSI) states. Satakam’(one hundred verses of self-instruction). 2.He was one of the greatest proponents and re- Chief Election Commissioner evaluators of Advaita Vedanta, the principle of non- Sunil Arora said the trials of duality put forward by Adi Shankracharya. the Election Commission’s 3.He extended this non dualistic principle into practical remote voting project would be modes of self-realisation through spiritual education, carried out soon. compassion, and peaceful coexistence of humanity. The top human rights body of VARIOUS INITIATIVES LAUNCHED BY MINISTRY OF the United Nations has urged TRIBAL AFFAIRS FOR TRIBAL MIGRANTS the Indian government to 1.ShramShakti-A portal to collect data related to tribal release the activists who are in migrant workers and link them with the existing prison for the 2018 Bhima welfare schemes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Thakur and the Goldsmith
    THE THAKUR AND THE GOLDSMITH: ASPECTS OF LEGITIMATION IN AN INDIAN VILLAGE BY Christopher Thomas Selwyn Thesis submitted to the University of London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Oriental and African Studies University of London May 1981 ProQuest Number: 10672762 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672762 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The research upon this thesis is based was carried out from October 1973 to March 1975, and from January to March 1980, in the village of Singhara (a pseudonym), Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh state (see map 1., p.viii). Although situated in middle India, Singhara1s culture and social morphology are.fairly typical of north India. This is mainly because the villagers, with the significant exception of its tribal (Gond) population (the original inhabitants of the region), are all descended from immigrants who came into the area from the north in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The thesis has two parts: 1) an examination of traditional caste values (chapters 3-7) and 2) a description and discussion of aspects of the modern political and economic life of the village (chapters 2, 8 and part of chapter 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com10/02/2021 04:19:07AM Via Free Access 322 Bibliography
    BIBLIOGRAPHY Abe, Stanley. 2005. Ordinary Images. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ——. 2002. Inside the Wonder House: Buddhist Art and the West. In Curators of the Buddha: The study of Buddhism under colonialism, ed. Donald S. Lopez, 63–106. Chicago: University of Chicago. Agrawala, Vasudeva Sharana. 1963. India as Known to Pānˢini; A study of the cultural material in the Ashtādhyāyī.ˢ Radha Kumud Mookerji endowment lectures 1952. Varanasi: Prithvi Prakashan. Ali, Daud. 2004. Courtly Culture and Political Life in Early Medieval India. Cambridge studies in Indian history and society, 10. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press. Ali, Ihsan. 1994. Settlement History of Charsada District. Ancient Pakistan 9: 1–164. ——. 2003. Early Settlements, Irrigation, and Trade Routes in Peshawar Plain, Paki- stan. Frontier Archaeology 1. Ali, S. Muzafer. 1966. The Geography of the Puranas. New Delhi: People’s Publishing House. Ali, Taj. 1997. Preliminary Report of Two Seasons of Archaeological Excavations at the Bala Hissar of Charsadda, NWFP, Pakistan. Ancient Pakistan 12: 1–34. ——. 2001. Archaeological Survey of District Mardan in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Ancient Pakistan 12: 55–172. Allchin, F. Raymond. 1995. The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia: The emer- gence of cities and states. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. Allchin, F. Raymond, and Bridget Allchin, eds. 1997. South Asian Archaeology, 1995. New Delhi: Published for the Ancient India and Iran Trust, Cambridge by Science Publishers, U.S.A. and Oxford & IBH. Allchin, F. Raymond, and K.R. Norman. 1985. Guide to the Aśokan Inscriptions. South Asian Studies 1: 43–50. Allievi, Stefano, and Jørgen S.
    [Show full text]