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Myzus (Nectarosiphon) Persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Homoptera: Aphididae): Updated Check List of Host Plants in India

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Myzus (Nectarosiphon) Persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Homoptera: Aphididae): Updated Check List of Host Plants in India International Journal of Zoological Investigations Vol. 1, No. 1, 9-27 (2015) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ International Journal of Zoological Investigations Contents available at Journals Home Page: www.ijzi.net ISSN: XX-XXXXX Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Homoptera: Aphididae): Updated Check List of Host Plants in India Rajendra Singh 1*, Garima Singh 2, Ajeet Kumar Tiwari 1, Akhilesh Sharma 1, Shveta Patel 1 and Pratibha 1 1. Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, India 2. Department of Zoology, Rajasthan University, Jaipur, India *Corresponding author ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is a highly polyphagous aphid species and is now considered to consist of distinct phenotypes and genotypes, both holocyclic and anholocyclic, that vary with respect to their ability to reproduce and food preferences on different host plants. The diversity of its host range in India includes plants belonging to 293 species under 64 plant families. Plants belonging to following families are highly infested: Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae and Solanaceae. There are 14 plant families where more than 5 species of plants were infested with Myzus persicae in India upto March, 2015, viz . Asteraceae (44 plant species), Solanaceae (37 plant species), Brassicaceae (27 plant species), Fabaceae (18 plant species), Rosaceae (13 plant species), Malvaceae (11 plant species), Convolvulaceae (11 plant species), Amaranthaceae (10 plant species), Polygonaceae (8 plant species), Caryophyllaceae, Plantaginaceae, Poaceae (7 plant species each), Cucurbitaceae (6 plant species), and Euphorbiaceae (5 plant species). Keywords: Myzus persicae , economic importance, distribution, host plants. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction (Type species: Aphis persicae Sulzer, 1776) Passerini (1860) described the genus Myzus and was kept under subgenus Nectarosiphon . with Aphis cerasi Fabricius, 1775 as the type For very long time populations of species and probably is Asian in origin. Myzus persicae on tobacco, Nicotiana Myzus is one of the large aphid genus in the tabacum L., have been considered to be world containing 68 species out of which different from populations on other plants several species are the most injurious aphid (Blackman and Eastop 2007). Multivariate pests. Four subgenera were recognised: morphometric analysis has revealed that Galiobium Börner 1933, Myzus sensu stricto, populations of Myzus persicae feeding on Nectarosiphon Schouteden 1901 and tobacco are morphologically distinct from Sciamyzus Stroyan 1954 (Remaudiere and those on other host-plants, and the tobacco Remaudiere 1997). The species Myzus feeding form has been given the name Myzus persicae was described by Sulzer in 1776 nicotianae Blackman (Blackman 1987). 9 However, several studies using molecular = Aphis cynoglossi Williams, 1911 methods have provided evidence that the = Aphis deposita Walker, 1848 aphids on tobacco are not distinct at the = Aphis derelicta Walker, 1849 species level from other populations of = Aphis dianthi Schrank, 1801 Myzus persicae (Field et al . 1994, = Aphis dubia Curtis, 1842 Margaritopoulos et al. 1998, Clements et al. = Aphis egressa Walker, 1849 2000a, b). Also, it was considered that Myzus = Aphis intirrhini Macchiati nicotianae populations were permanently = Aphis malvae Mosley, 1841 parthenogenetic until holocyclic populations = Aphis particeps Walker, 1848 were found in Greece on peach = Aphis persicae Morren, 1836 (Margaritopoulos et al. 2002). These data = Aphis persicophila Rondani “in scheda” suggest that tobacco-feeding aphids cannot (=sur fiche”) ex Passerini, 1860 be considered a valid species, and Eastop = Aphis persola Walker, 1848 ? and Blackman (2005) proposed that the = Aphis rapae Curtis, 1842 partim tobacco-adapted form should be called = Aphis rapae laevigata Riley, 1875 Myzus persicae ssp. nicotianae Blackman = Aphis redundans Walker, 1849 1987. = Aphis suffragans Walker, 1848 Some described species are comprised = Aphis tuberoscellae Theobald, 1922 of complexes of morphologically closely = Aphis vastator Smee, 1846 related species, biotypes, host-races or = Aphis vulgaris Kyber, 1815 subspecies (Clements et al. 2000a, Jensen = Aulacorthum convolvuli (Cooke) and Holman 2000, Poulios et al. 2007, = Macrosiphum lophospermum Theobald, Vučetić et al. 2010). Lack of distinguishable 1914 morphological characters, the presence of = Macrosiphum lycopersicella Theobald, sibling species and intraspecific variation 1914 among members of this group makes their = Myzodes tabaci Mordvilko, 1914 identification and separation based on = Myzodes persicae (Sulzer, 1776) morphological characters alone very = Myzus asterophaga Zhang, Chen, Zhong difficult (Margaritopoulos et al. 2000, 2006). and Li, in Zhang 1999 partim These difficulties have made it necessary for = Myzus callae Koch, 1854 taxonomists to look for other techniques = Myzus dianthi (Schrank, 1801) such as morphometrics in order to delimit = Myzus lagerstroemiae Zhang, Chen, species and populations (Madjdzadeh et al. Zhong and Li, in Zhang 1999 2009). = Myzus malvae Oestlund, 1886 A. Synonyms: Sixty synonyms of Myzus = Myzus nicotianae Blackman, 1987 persicae were observed in the literature = Myzus papaverisucta Zhang, Chen, (Börner 1952, Remaudiere and Zhong and Li, in Zhang 1999 Remaudiere 1997, http://www.cabi.org/ = Myzus pergandii Sanderson, 1901 isc/datasheet/35642). These are following: = Myzus persicae ssp. dyslycialis = Aphis consors Walker, 1848 F.P.Műller = Aphis convolvuli (Kaltenbach, 1843) = Myzus persicae var. cerastii Theobald, = Aphis cyanoglossi Williams, 1891 1926 = Aphis cymbalariae Schouteden, 1900 = Myzus persicae var. portulacella = Aphis cynoglossi Walker, 1848 Theobald, 1926 10 = Myzus persicae var. sanguisorbiella workers reported Myzus persicae from Theobald, 1926 different parts of the country. There exists a = Myzus persicae var. tuberoscellae considerable proportion of literature that Theobald, 1922 deals with mainly its geographical = Myzus tuberosellae Mason, 1940 distribution, host plants, bionomics, host = Nectarosiphon persicae (Sulzer, 1776) plant relations and chemical and biological = Phorodon cynoglossi Williams, 1891 control (Zimmerman 1948, Toba 1963, sec. Davis, 1911 1964, van Emden et al. 1969, Burbutis et al. = Phorodon persicae (Sulzer, 1776) 1972, Mackauer and Way 1976, Taylor 1977, = Rhopalosiphum betae Theobald, 1913 Agarwala et al. 1981, Raychaudhuri 1983, = Rhopalosiphum calthae Koch, 1854 Flint 1985, Verma et al. 1985, Jannson and = Rhopalosiphum dianthi (Schrank, 1801) Smilowitz 1986, French-Constant et al. 1988, = Rhopalosiphum galeactitis Macchiati, Flanders et al. 1991, Verma and Parihar 1883 1996a, b, El-Arnaouty et al. 2000, Laskar and = Rhopalosiphum lactucellum Theobald, Ghimiray 2004, Musa et al. 2004, Agrawal 1915 and Singh 2005, Malik and Khajuria 2005, = Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulzer, 1776) Agrawal et al. 2006, Devi and Singh 2007, : Essig (1917). Joshi and Poorani 2007, van Emden and = Rhopalosiphum solani Theobald, 1912 Harrington 2007, Sathe and Jadhav 2008, nonKalt, 1843 Pelletier et al. 2010, Vučetić et al. 2010; = Rhopalosiphum trilineatum del Guercio, Duarte et al. 2011, Prado and Frank 2013, 1920 (1921) Bass et al. 2014; Elzinga et al. 2014). = Rhopalosiphum tuberosellae Theobald, 1922 DISTRIBUTION OF MYZUS PERSICAE IN = Rhopalosiphum tulipae Thomas, 1879 INDIA = Siphonophora achyrantes Monell, 1879 Myzus persicae is a remarkable species in = Siphonophora calenduella Williams, terms of geographical distribution and host 1891 plant range. It is a cosmopolitan and is = Siphonophora calendulella Monell, reported from 144 countries of the world 1879 (http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/35642) = Siphonophora nasturtii Koch, 1855 and is a highly polyphagous species infesting B. Preferred Common Name: Green peach about 1600 plant species in tropics, aphid. subtropics, and temperate regions C. Other common names: Cabbage aphid, (Blackman and Eastop, 1994, 2000, 2006, green sesame aphid, peach aphid, peach Holman, 2009). In India, it is a major pest of curl aphid, peach-potato aphid, potato several crops particularly potato and aphid, tobacco aphid. brassica crops. The aphid has become a In India, Myzus persicae was first serious pest of field and glasshouse crops, reported by George (1927) and especially Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Krishnamoorthi (1929) on Nicotiana Moench, Beta vulgaris L., Brassica juncea L. tabacum L. (Solanaceae) from south India. Czern., Brassica napus L., Brassica nigra (L.) Later on, Krishnamoorthi (1930) reported W.D.J. Koch, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., the species on another host plant, Phaseolus Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., Brassica vulgaris L. (Fabaceae). Thereafter, several oleracea var. gongylodes L., Brassica rapa L., 11 Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A.R. 18. Manipur (Agarwala and Raychaudhuri Clapham, Capsicum frutescens L., Coriandrum 1980, Agarwala et al. 1980) sativum L., Helianthus annuus L., Ipomoea 19. Meghalaya (Ali et al. 2013) batatas (L.) Lam., Lycopersicon esculentum 20. Mizoram (Boopathi and Pathak 2012) Mill., Malva sylvestris L., Nicotiana
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