International Journal of Zoological Investigations Vol. 1, No. 1, 9-27 (2015) ______

International Journal of Zoological Investigations

Contents available at Journals Home Page: www.ijzi.net ISSN: XX-XXXXX

Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776) (Homoptera: Aphididae): Updated Check List of Host in

Rajendra Singh 1*, Garima Singh 2, Ajeet Kumar Tiwari 1, Akhilesh Sharma 1, Shveta Patel 1 and Pratibha 1

1. Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, 273009, India 2. Department of Zoology, Rajasthan University, Jaipur, India *Corresponding author ______

Abstract: Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) is a highly polyphagous aphid species and is now considered to consist of distinct phenotypes and genotypes, both holocyclic and anholocyclic, that vary with respect to their ability to reproduce and food preferences on different host plants. The diversity of its host range in India includes plants belonging to 293 species under 64 families. Plants belonging to following families are highly infested: Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Rosaceae and . There are 14 plant families where more than 5 species of plants were infested with Myzus persicae in India upto March, 2015, viz . Asteraceae (44 plant species), Solanaceae (37 plant species), Brassicaceae (27 plant species), Fabaceae (18 plant species), Rosaceae (13 plant species), Malvaceae (11 plant species), Convolvulaceae (11 plant species), Amaranthaceae (10 plant species), Polygonaceae (8 plant species), Caryophyllaceae, Plantaginaceae, Poaceae (7 plant species each), Cucurbitaceae (6 plant species), and Euphorbiaceae (5 plant species).

Keywords: Myzus persicae , economic importance, distribution, host plants. ______

Introduction (Type species: Aphis persicae Sulzer, 1776) Passerini (1860) described the genus Myzus and was kept under subgenus Nectarosiphon . with Aphis cerasi Fabricius, 1775 as the type For very long time populations of species and probably is Asian in origin. Myzus persicae on tobacco, Nicotiana Myzus is one of the large aphid genus in the tabacum L., have been considered to be world containing 68 species out of which different from populations on other plants several species are the most injurious aphid (Blackman and Eastop 2007). Multivariate pests. Four subgenera were recognised: morphometric analysis has revealed that Galiobium Börner 1933, Myzus sensu stricto, populations of Myzus persicae feeding on Nectarosiphon Schouteden 1901 and tobacco are morphologically distinct from Sciamyzus Stroyan 1954 (Remaudiere and those on other host-plants, and the tobacco Remaudiere 1997). The species Myzus feeding form has been given the name Myzus persicae was described by Sulzer in 1776 nicotianae Blackman (Blackman 1987).

9 However, several studies using molecular = Aphis cynoglossi Williams, 1911 methods have provided evidence that the = Aphis deposita Walker, 1848 aphids on tobacco are not distinct at the = Aphis derelicta Walker, 1849 species level from other populations of = Aphis dianthi Schrank, 1801 Myzus persicae (Field et al . 1994, = Aphis dubia Curtis, 1842 Margaritopoulos et al. 1998, Clements et al. = Aphis egressa Walker, 1849 2000a, b). Also, it was considered that Myzus = Aphis intirrhini Macchiati nicotianae populations were permanently = Aphis malvae Mosley, 1841 parthenogenetic until holocyclic populations = Aphis particeps Walker, 1848 were found in Greece on peach = Aphis persicae Morren, 1836 (Margaritopoulos et al. 2002). These data = Aphis persicophila Rondani “in scheda” suggest that tobacco-feeding aphids cannot (=sur fiche”) ex Passerini, 1860 be considered a valid species, and Eastop = Aphis persola Walker, 1848 ? and Blackman (2005) proposed that the = Aphis rapae Curtis, 1842 partim tobacco-adapted form should be called = Aphis rapae laevigata Riley, 1875 Myzus persicae ssp. nicotianae Blackman = Aphis redundans Walker, 1849 1987. = Aphis suffragans Walker, 1848 Some described species are comprised = Aphis tuberoscellae Theobald, 1922 of complexes of morphologically closely = Aphis vastator Smee, 1846 related species, biotypes, host-races or = Aphis vulgaris Kyber, 1815 subspecies (Clements et al. 2000a, Jensen = Aulacorthum convolvuli (Cooke) and Holman 2000, Poulios et al. 2007, = Macrosiphum lophospermum Theobald, Vučetić et al. 2010). Lack of distinguishable 1914 morphological characters, the presence of = Macrosiphum lycopersicella Theobald, sibling species and intraspecific variation 1914 among members of this group makes their = Myzodes tabaci Mordvilko, 1914 identification and separation based on = Myzodes persicae (Sulzer, 1776) morphological characters alone very = Myzus asterophaga Zhang, Chen, Zhong difficult (Margaritopoulos et al. 2000, 2006). and Li, in Zhang 1999 partim These difficulties have made it necessary for = Myzus callae Koch, 1854 taxonomists to look for other techniques = Myzus dianthi (Schrank, 1801) such as morphometrics in order to delimit = Myzus lagerstroemiae Zhang, Chen, species and populations (Madjdzadeh et al. Zhong and Li, in Zhang 1999 2009). = Myzus malvae Oestlund, 1886 A. Synonyms: Sixty synonyms of Myzus = Myzus nicotianae Blackman, 1987 persicae were observed in the literature = Myzus papaverisucta Zhang, Chen, (Börner 1952, Remaudiere and Zhong and Li, in Zhang 1999 Remaudiere 1997, http://www.cabi.org/ = Myzus pergandii Sanderson, 1901 isc/datasheet/35642). These are following: = Myzus persicae ssp. dyslycialis = Aphis consors Walker, 1848 F.P.Műller = Aphis convolvuli (Kaltenbach, 1843) = Myzus persicae var. cerastii Theobald, = Aphis cyanoglossi Williams, 1891 1926 = Aphis cymbalariae Schouteden, 1900 = Myzus persicae var. portulacella = Aphis cynoglossi Walker, 1848 Theobald, 1926

10 = Myzus persicae var. sanguisorbiella workers reported Myzus persicae from Theobald, 1926 different parts of the country. There exists a = Myzus persicae var. tuberoscellae considerable proportion of literature that Theobald, 1922 deals with mainly its geographical = Myzus tuberosellae Mason, 1940 distribution, host plants, bionomics, host = Nectarosiphon persicae (Sulzer, 1776) plant relations and chemical and biological = Phorodon cynoglossi Williams, 1891 control (Zimmerman 1948, Toba 1963, sec. Davis, 1911 1964, van Emden et al. 1969, Burbutis et al. = Phorodon persicae (Sulzer, 1776) 1972, Mackauer and Way 1976, Taylor 1977, = Rhopalosiphum betae Theobald, 1913 Agarwala et al. 1981, Raychaudhuri 1983, = Rhopalosiphum calthae Koch, 1854 Flint 1985, Verma et al. 1985, Jannson and = Rhopalosiphum dianthi (Schrank, 1801) Smilowitz 1986, French-Constant et al. 1988, = Rhopalosiphum galeactitis Macchiati, Flanders et al. 1991, Verma and Parihar 1883 1996a, b, El-Arnaouty et al. 2000, Laskar and = Rhopalosiphum lactucellum Theobald, Ghimiray 2004, Musa et al. 2004, Agrawal 1915 and Singh 2005, Malik and Khajuria 2005, = Rhopalosiphum persicae (Sulzer, 1776) Agrawal et al. 2006, Devi and Singh 2007, : Essig (1917). Joshi and Poorani 2007, van Emden and = Rhopalosiphum solani Theobald, 1912 Harrington 2007, Sathe and Jadhav 2008, nonKalt, 1843 Pelletier et al. 2010, Vučetić et al. 2010; = Rhopalosiphum trilineatum del Guercio, Duarte et al. 2011, Prado and Frank 2013, 1920 (1921) Bass et al. 2014; Elzinga et al. 2014). = Rhopalosiphum tuberosellae Theobald, 1922 DISTRIBUTION OF MYZUS PERSICAE IN = Rhopalosiphum tulipae Thomas, 1879 INDIA = Siphonophora achyrantes Monell, 1879 Myzus persicae is a remarkable species in = Siphonophora calenduella Williams, terms of geographical distribution and host 1891 plant range. It is a cosmopolitan and is = Siphonophora calendulella Monell, reported from 144 countries of the world 1879 (http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/35642) = Siphonophora nasturtii Koch, 1855 and is a highly polyphagous species infesting B. Preferred Common Name: Green peach about 1600 plant species in tropics, aphid. subtropics, and temperate regions C. Other common names: Cabbage aphid, (Blackman and Eastop, 1994, 2000, 2006, green sesame aphid, peach aphid, peach Holman, 2009). In India, it is a major pest of curl aphid, peach-potato aphid, potato several crops particularly potato and aphid, tobacco aphid. brassica crops. The aphid has become a In India, Myzus persicae was first serious pest of field and glasshouse crops, reported by George (1927) and especially Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Krishnamoorthi (1929) on Nicotiana Moench, Beta vulgaris L., Brassica juncea L. tabacum L. (Solanaceae) from south India. Czern., Brassica napus L., Brassica nigra (L.) Later on, Krishnamoorthi (1930) reported W.D.J. Koch, Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L., the species on another host plant, Phaseolus Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., Brassica vulgaris L. (Fabaceae). Thereafter, several oleracea var. gongylodes L., Brassica rapa L.,

11 Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A.R. 18. Manipur (Agarwala and Raychaudhuri Clapham, Capsicum frutescens L., Coriandrum 1980, Agarwala et al. 1980) sativum L., Helianthus annuus L., Ipomoea 19. Meghalaya (Ali et al. 2013) batatas (L.) Lam., Lycopersicon esculentum 20. Mizoram (Boopathi and Pathak 2012) Mill., Malva sylvestris L., Nicotiana tabacum 21. Nagaland (Raha 1979 Ali et al. 2013) L. , Pisum sativum L., Prunus persica (L.) 22. Odisha (Sengupta et al. 1962, Mandal Batsch, Raphanus sativus L., Sesamum and Patnaik 2006) indicum L., Solanum melongena L., Solanum 23. Punjab (Singh et al. 1987) tuberosum L. etc. (Verma 1976, Verma and 24. Rajasthan (Raychaudhuri and Ghosh Parihar 1996a, Sathe and Jadhav 2008). 1959, Ghosh and Raychaudhuri In India, it has been reported from 1962c) almost all the states infesting nearly 300 25. Sikkim (Agarwala 1979, Ghosh and plant species as follows (only selected Raychaudhuri 1968) references are given): 26. Tamil Nadu (Basha and Balasubramanian 1. Andhra Pradesh (Joshi et al. 1979) 1980) 2. Andman and Nicobar (Biswas et al. 27. Telangana (Jagadeeshwar et al. 2005) 1992) 28. Tripura (Ganguli and Ghosh 1965) 3. Arunachal Pradesh (Dubey et al. 29. (Ghosh 1969, Singh et 2013, Ali et al. 2014) al. 1999) 4. Assam (Ghosh and Raychaudhuri 30. (Chakrabarti 1972, 1962a, 1963) Kumar et al. 2009) 5. Bihar (Ahmed and Singh 1996) 31. West Bengal (Banerjee and Basu 6. Chhattisgarh (Patel and Thakur 2005, 1955, Agarwala et al. 1982). Kulkarni et al. 2008) 7. Delhi (Ghosh and Raychaudhuri ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MYZUS 1962b, Ghulam-Ullah 1940) PERSICAE 8. Gujarat (Shah 1996, Trivedi et al. The peach potato or green peach 2002) aphid, Myzus persicae is the most 9. Haryana (Verma et al. 1975, Lakra economically important aphid crop pest 2004) worldwide (van Emden and Harrington 10. Himachal Pradesh (Bhalla 1971, 2007). It is one among those aphids which is Sharma and Bhalla 1964) more diverse in cooler temperate regions 11. Jammu and Kashmir (Verma 1971, and reproduce through sexual reproduction Verma and Das 1992) for one generation per year (holocycly), but 12. Kerala (George 1927) in summer it reproduce parthenogenetically, 13. Jharkhand (Jha 1998) i.e. clonal reproduction (anholocycly) 14. Karnataka (Krishnamurthi 1929, through many generations by alternating its 1930, Joshi and Poorani 2007) lifecycle between primary host and 15. Kerala (Varghese and Mathew 2012) alternative hosts. But, in warmer tropics, the 16. Madhya Pradesh (Veda et al. 1994, lifecycle is strictly anholocyclic (Blackman Patel et al. 2005) 1971). However, in India, sexual morphs 17. Maharashtra (Despande 1938, Raj were reported by Verma and Ghosh (1990) and Verma 1989) from northern part of the country such as Nainital (Uttaraklhand) and Shillong

12 (Meghalaya), but also from plains like feeding secretions of the aphid, and non- Modipuram and Meerut (Uttar Pradesh). persistent viruses, which are only Hence, it is presumed that it enjoys both temporary contaminants of aphid asexual and sexual life cycle in northern mouthparts, are effectively transmitted. India (Singh and Ghosh 2012). Thus, it Kennedy et al. (1962) listed over 100 appears that the species has heteroecious viruses transmitted by this species. Later on, holocycly in the Indian conditions. Chan et al. (1991) estimated 182 plant Myzus persicae causes damage to its viruses transmitted by Myzus persicae . Some host by direct feeding, the transmission of of the particularly damaging diseases plant viruses and the production of include potato leafroll virus and potato virus honeydew. It can attain very high densities Y to Solanaceae, beet western yellows and on young plant tissue, causing water stress, beet yellows viruses to Chenopodiaceae, wilting, and reduced growth rate of the lettuce mosaic virus to Asteraceae, plant. Prolonged aphid infestation can cause cauliflower mosaic and turnip mosaic appreciable reduction in yield of root crops viruses to Brassicaceae, and cucumber and foliage crops. Early season infestation is mosaic and watermelon mosaic viruses to particularly damaging to potato, even if the Cucurbitaceae. A discoloration in potato aphids are subsequently removed (Verma tubers, called net necrosis, occurs in some 1976, Petitt and Smilowitz 1982). potato varieties following transmission of Contamination of harvestable plant material potato leafroll. with aphids, or with aphid honeydew, also On brassica crops, Myzus persicae and causes loss (Elmer and Brawner 1975). Lipaphis pseudobrassicae both infest However, green peach aphid does not seem simultaneously in the field crops. Srivastava to produce the high volume of honeydew et al. (1996) estimated that Myzus persicae observed with some other species of aphids. along with Lipaphis pseudobrassicae cause Blemishes to the plant tissue, usually in the yield loss of 46.1% to yellow sarson cultivar form of yellow spots, may result from aphid (YST-841) in Himachal Pradesh, India feeding. Leaf distortions are not common followed by brown sarson (BSH–1, 43.58%), except on the primary host. Contamination Brassica juncea (Varuna, 30.9%), Brassica of vegetables by aphids sometimes presents napus (HPN–1, 36.0% and Brassica carinata quarantine problems (Stewart et al. 1980). (HPC-1, 22.84%). Similarly, Sharma and The major damage caused by green Kashyap (1998) estimated the losses in peach aphid is through transmission of plant three different brassica oilseed brassica viruses (Chan et al. 1991). Indeed, this aphid crops due to Myzus persicae and reported is considered by many to be the most that it along with Lipaphis pseudobrassicae important vector of plant viruses damage 67.6, 62.5 and 50.0% on toria (cv. throughout the world (Sigvald 1984, Hooker DK-1), sarson (cv. BSH-1) and Brassica 1986, Romancer et al. 1994, Ali et al. 2014). juncea (cv. Varuna), respectively. Most of the Nymphs and adults are equally capable of losses occurred when the infestation was virus transmission (Namba and Sylvester prevalent during the flowering stage. For 1981), but adults particularly alates, by Myzus persicae , the potato ( Solanum virtue of being so mobile, probably have tuberosum L.) is one of the preferred host greater opportunity for transmission. Both crops and it causes a yield loss upto 85% persistent viruses, which move through the (Nagaich 1975).

13 FOOD PLANTS OF MYZUS PERSICAE IN Beta vulgaris L. (Ghulam-Ullah 1940, INDIA Ghosh and Raychaudhuri 1962b, Behura Myzus persiae is highly polyphagous and 1963b, Verma et al. 1975, Agarwala consist of distinct phenotypes and 1979, Raychaudhuri 1980, Agrawal et al. genotypes (Peppe and Lomônaco 2003), 2006) both holocyclic and anholocyclic (Blackman Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis L. (Behura 1991). These populations vary with respect 1963b) to their reproductive ability and preferences Chenopodium album L. (Ghosh and for host plants for food. The diversity of its Agarwala 1985) host range in India includes plants belonging Chenopodium sp. (Banerjee and Basu to 293 species under 64 plant families. 1956, 1958, Raychaudhuri 1973) Ghosh The following records of food plants of and Agarwala 1980) Myzus persicae are based on the survey of Spinacia oleracea L. (Chakrabarti 1972) literature. In the literature, names of the 5. Amaryllidaceae (=Alliaceae) : plants were erroneously mentioned even in Allium ascalonicum L. (= Allium the recent publications. In the present hierochuntinum Boiss.) (Raychaudhuri compilation, attempts were made to provide 1973) the valid scientific name of the plants 6. Araceae : following updated taxonomic informations Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) provided by http://www.ars-grin.gov and Nicolson (Babu et al. 2011) http://www.theplantlist.org. At several 7. Apiaceae : places, their synonymy was also mentioned. Anethum graveolens L. (= Peucedanum Following is the list of familiwise food plants graveolens (L.)) (Behura 1963a) of Myzus persicae recorded in India upto Coriandrum sativum L. (Basu and March, 2015. Banerjee 1958, Behura 1963b, Agrawal 1. Acanthaceae : et al. 2006) Hemigraphis indicus (?) (Agrawal et al. Daucus carota L. (Behura 1963b, Rao 2006) 1969, Chakrabarti 1972) 2. Acanthaceae : 8. Apocynaceae : Strobilanthes sp. (Raychaudhuri 1973) Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton 3. Adoxaceae : (Raychaudhuri 1973) Sambucus javanica Reinw. ex Blume Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton (Raychaudhuri 1973) (Singh et al. 1999, Agrawal et al. 2006) 4. Amaranthaceae : Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (= Vinca Achyranthes sp. (Raychaudhuri 1973) rosea L.) (Raha 1979) Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) 9. Asteraceae : Griseb. (Raychaudhuri 1973) Ageratum conyzoides L. (Raychaudhuri Amaranthus sp. (Ghosh and Agarwala 1973, Ghosh and Agarwala 1980, 1980) Agrawal et al. 2006) Amaranthus spinosus L. (Raychaudhuri Ageratum sp. (Chakrabarti 1972) 1973) Amberboa moschata (L.) DC. (= Centaurea Amaranthus viridis L. (Raychaudhuri moschata L.) (Ghosh and Raychaudhuri 1973) 1962a, Behura 1963)

14 Arctotis arctotoides (L. f.) O. Hoffm. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Ghosh and (= Venidium arctotoides L. f.) (Verma et al. Agarwala 1980) 1975) Gynura cusimbua (D. Don) S. Moore Artemisia sp. (Agarwala 1979) (= Gynura angulosa DC.) (Agarwala 1979) Artemisia vulgaris L. (Ghosh and Gynura nepalensis DC. (Raychaudhuri Agarwala 1985) 1973) Aster trinervius Roxb. ex D.Don (Verma et Gynura sp. (Ghosh and Agarwala 1980) al. 1975) Helianthus annuus L. (Raychaudhuri Bidens pilosa L. (Agarwala 1979, Maity 1978, Agrawal et al. 2006) and Chakrabarti 1979, Ghosh and Helianthus sp. (Ahmed and Singh 1996) Agarwala 1980) Hypochaeris radicata L. (Raychaudhuri Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson 1973) (= Spilanthes acmella (L.) L.) (Agarwala Inula cappa (Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don) DC. 1979) (Raychaudhuri 1973) Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Lactuca sativa L. (Ghosh and Agarwala (Raychaudhuri 1973) 1980) Carthamus tinctorius L. (Ghulam-Ullah Launaea sarmentosa 1940, Behura 1963b, Verma et al. 1975) (Willd.) Sch.Bip. ex Kuntze (= Launaea Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Kar et al. pinnatifida Cass.) (Agarwala 1979) 1990) Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.) Hill. & Chrysanthemum sp. (Behura 1963b, Burtt (= Gnaphalium luteoalbum L.) Raychaudhuri 1973) (Agarwala 1979, Ghosh and Agarwala Chrysanthemum xmorifolium Ramat. 1980) (= Chrysanthemum sinense Sabine ex Sonchus arvensis L. (Raha 1979, Ghosh Sweet) (David 1958b) and Agarwala 1980, Ghosh and Agarwala Cineraria sp. (Behura 1963b) 1985) Cosmos sp. (Ghosh and Agarwala 1980) Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (Mall et al. 2010) Crassocephalum crepidioides (Bent.) Sonchus sp. (Singh et al. 1999) S.Moore (= Gynura crepidioides Benth.) Spilanthes acuminata (?) (Agarwala (Ghosh and Agarwala 1985) 1979) Dahlia sp. (Agarwala 1979) Spilanthes corymbosus Sessé & Moc. Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze (= Sonchus corymbosa auct. nonn.) (= Dichrocephala latifolia (Pers.) DC.) (Ghosh and Agarwala 1985) (Raychaudhuri 1973) Tagetes patula L. (Raychaudhuri 1973, Echinops echinatus Roxb. (Behura 1978) 1963b) Tridax procumbens L. (Bhanotar and Erechtites sp. (Agarwala 1979) Ghosh 1969b, Chakrabarti 1972, Agrawal Erigeron sp. (Ghosh and Agarwala 1980) et al. 2006) Eupatorium odoratum L. (Ghosh and Zinnia sp. (Chakrabarti 1972) Agarwala 1980) 10. Balsaminaceae : Eupatorium riparium Rigel. (Ghosh and Impatiens balsamina L. (Ghosh and Agarwala 1985) Agarwala 1985) Eupatorium wallichii DC. (Raychaudhuri 11. Basellaceae : 1973)

15 Basella alba L. (= Basella rubra (L.) (Singh Brassica sp. (Basu and Banerjee 1958, et al. 1999, Agrawal et al. 2006) Agarwala 1979) 12. Berberidaceae : Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik Berberis lycium Royle (Bhalla and Pawar (Behura 1963b) 1980) Cardamine debilis Banks ex DC. (Singh 13. Bignoniaceae : and Singh 1986) Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don Cardamine impatiens L. (Chakrabarti (Raychaudhuri 1973) 1972) 14. Brassicaceae : Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. (= Eruca sativa Brassica juncea L. Czern. (Behura 1963b, Miller) (Behura 1963b) Raha 1979, Agrawal et al. 2006) Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz Brassica napus L. (Agarwala 1979, (= Cheiranthus cheiri L.) (Behura 1963b) Agarwala and Raychaudhuri 1980) Iberis amara L. (Chakrabarti 1972) Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch (Raha Iberis sp. (Behura 1963) 1979, Agrawal et al. 2006) Lepidium didynum L. (= Coronopus Brassica oleracea L. (Ghulam-Ullah 1940, dydimus (L.) Sm.) (Behura 1963b) Banerjee and Basu 1956) Lepidium sativum L. (Behura 1963b) Brassica oleracea L. var. viridis (= Brassica Nasturtium sp. (Behura 1963b) oleracea var. acephala ) DC.) (Verma et al. Raphanus sativus L. (Banerjee and Basu 1975) 1955, Behura 1963b, Bhalla and Pawar Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. 1980) (= Brassica oleracea var. cauliflora Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern (= Nasturtium misnomen.) (Despande 1938, David indicum (L.) DC.) (Raychaudhuri 1973) 1958b, Ramaseshiah and Dharmadhikari Senebiera pinnatifida DC. (Raychaudhuri 1969, Raychaudhuri 1978, Agrawal et al. 1973) 2006) Sinapis alba L. (= Brassica alba (L.) Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (Ghosh Rabenh.) (Raychaudhuri 1973) and Raychaudhuri 1962b, Chakrabarti Sisymbrium irio L. (Behura 1963b, Ghosh 1972, Agrawal et al. 2006) 1970d) Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L. 15. Cannaceae : (= Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa DC.) Canna indica L. (= Canna orientalis (Behura 1963b, Rao 1969, Agrawal et al. Bouche) (Raychaudhuri 1973, Ghosh and 2006) Agarwala 1980) Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. (Devi 16. Capparidaceae : and Singh 2007) Crataeva religiosa Forst.f. (Raychaudhuri Brassica rapa L. (Behura 1963b, Rao 1973) 1969) 17. Caricaceae : Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) A.R. Carica papaya L.(David 1958b, Rao 1969, Clapham (= Brassica campestris L.) Raychaudhuri 1978) (Banerjee and Basu 1955, Banerjee and 18. Caryophyllaceae : Basu 1956, Basu and Banerjee 1958, Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare Hartm. Behura 1963b, Bhalla and Pawar 1980, Greuter & Burdet (= Cerastium vulgatum Agrawal et al. 2006) auct.) (Chakrabarti 1972)

16 Cerastium holosteoides Fries em Hyle. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (= (Chakrabarti 1972) Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Singh et Dianthus caryophyllus L. (Behura 1963b, al. 1999, Agrawal et al. 2006) Raychaudhuri 1973, Sengupta et al. 22. Cucurbitaceae : 1962) Cucumis sativus L. (Agarwala et al. 1982) Dianthus sp. (Banerjee and Basu 1956, Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Ghosh and Agarwala 1985) (Raychaudhuri 1973) Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult. Cucurbita sp. (Behura 1963b) (Agarwala 1979) Lagenaria siceraria (Molino) Standl. Silene conoidea L. (Chakrabarti 1972, (= Lagenaria leucantha Duches.) Basu and Raychaudhuri 1980) (Raychaudhuri 1973) Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (Behura 1963b, Momordica charantia L. (Raychaudhuri Raychaudhuri 1973) 1973, Agrawal et al. 2006) 19. Cleomaceae : Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Agarwala and Cleome gyandra L. (= Cleome pentaphylla Raychaudhuri 1980) L., = Gynandropsis pentaphylla (L.) DC) 23. Ericaceae : (Behura 1963b, Raychaudhuri 1973) Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude Cleome sp. (Behura 1963b) (Raychaudhuri 1973) 20. Convolvulaceae : Rhododendron campylocarpum Hook.f. Convolvulus arvensis L. (Verma et al. (Basu and Raychaudhuri 1980) 1975) 24. Euphorbiaceae : Convolvulus major J. Ray (Behura 1963b) Croton bonplandianus Baill. Convolvulus sp. (Ghulam-Ullah 1940) (Raychaudhuri 1973) Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. (Raychaudhuri Euphorbia helioscopia L. (Behura 1963b) 1973) Euphorbia hirta L. (Raychaudhuri 1973) Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Banerjee and Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch Basu 1956, Behura 1963b, Rao 1969, (Raychaudhuri 1973) Raychaudhuri 1978) Ricinus communis L. (Behura 1963b) Ipomoea bullata Oliver (Behura 1963b) 25. Fabaceae : Ipomoea crispa (Thunb.) Hailler f. Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Raychaudhuri (Behura 1963b) 1973, Agrawal et al. 2006) Ipomoea floribunda Moric. (Agarwala Cassia fistula L. (Raychaudhuri 1973) 1979) Cassia sp. (Ghosh and Agarwala 1980) Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. (Raychaudhuri Crotalaria sp. (Agrawal et al. 2005, 2006) 1973) Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. (Behura Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth (= Ipomoea 1963b) mexicana A. Gray) (Behura 1963b) Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Laskar and Ipomoea sp. (Rao 1969, Raychaudhuri Ghimiray 2004) 1978) Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet ssp. 21. Crassulaceae : purpureus (= Dolichos lablab L.) Bryophyllum sp. (Behura 1963b, (Raychaudhuri 1973) Raychaudhuri 1973) Lupinus sp. (Behura 1963) Medicago lupulina L. (Behura 1963)

17 Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Krishnamoorthi Alcea rosea L. (Banerjee and Basu 1956, 1931, Behura 1963b) Basu and Banerjee 1958, Sengupta et al. Pisum sativum L. (Behura 1963b, 1962) Raychaudhuri 1973, Ghosh and Agarwala Gossypium sp. (Behura 1963b) 1985, Agrawal et al. 2006) Grewia asiatica L. (Verma et al. 1975) Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. (= Cassia Hibiscus mutabilis L. (Raychaudhuri sophera L.) (Raychaudhuri 1973) 1973) Tamarindus indica L. (Sath and Jadhav Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (Ghosh and 2008) Raychaudhuri 1962b, Behura 1963, Raha Trifolium praetutianum Guss. (= Trifolium 1979, Agrawal et al. 2006) prutentianum auct. nonn.) (Chakrabarti Malache grandiflora (A.St.-Hil.) Kuntze 1972) (Behura 1963b) Trifolium sp. (Rao 1969) Malva sylvestris L. (Behura 1963b, Maity Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Verma et and Chakrabarti 1979) al. 1975) Malvaviscus conzattii Grenm. Vicia faba L. (Raychaudhuri 1973, (= Malvaviscus conzonthiae auct.) (Rao Agrawal et al. 2006) 1969) Vicia sativa L. (Mall et al. 2010) Urena lobata L. (Raychaudhuri 1973) 26. Gentianaceae (=Portaliaceae) : Urena sp. (Ghosh and Raychaudhuri Potalia sp. (Chakrabarti 1972, 1959, Raychaudhuri and Ghosh 1958) Raychaudhuri 1973) 34. Marantaceae : 27. Geraniaceae : Maranta leuconeura E. Morren (Mall et Pelargonium zonale (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton al. 2010) (Agarwala and Hameed 1972) 35. Melastomaceae : 28. Gesneriaceae : Osbeckia capitata Bentm. Ex Naudin Gesneria sp. (Behura 1963b) (Raychaudhuri 1973) 29. Hydrangeaceae : Osbeckia chinensis L. (= Osbechia sinensis Deutzia corymbosa R. Br. ex G. Don auct. non.) (Ghosh and Agarwala 1980) (Chakrabarti and Sarkar 2001) Osbeckia crinata Benth. (Agarwala et al. Hydrangea sp. (Bhalla and Pawar 1980) 1980) 30. Lamiaceae (=Labiatae) : Tibouchina semidecandra (Schrank & Callicarpa sp. (Raychaudhuri 1973) Mart. Ex DC.) Cogn. (Raychaudhuri 1973) Dysophylla sp. (Raychaudhuri 1973) 36. Moraceae : Mentha sp. (Raychaudhuri 1973) Ficus religiosa L. (Mall et al. 2010) Salvia sp. (Bhalla and Pawar 1980) Ficus sp. (Raychaudhuri 1973) 31. Lauraceae : Morus alba L. (Singh et al. 1999, Agrawal Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. et al. 2006) Nees & Eberm. (Raychaudhuri 1973) 37. Musaceae : 32. Lythraceae : Musa xparadisiaca L. (Raychaudhuri Punica granatum L. (Verma et al. 1975) 1973) 33. Malvaceae : 38. Myrtaceae : Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench Psidium guajava L. (Raha 1979, Ghosh (= Hibiscus esculentus L.) (Behura 1963b, and Agarwala 1985) Raychaudhuri 1978, Agrawal et al. 2006) 39. Nyctaginaceae :

18 Boerhavia diffusa L. (Agarwala 1979) Lindenbergia sp. (Ghosh 1986) Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. 48. Poaceae : (Raychaudhuri 1973) Avena sativa L. (Verma et al. 1975) Mirabilis jalapa L. (Raychaudhuri 1973, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (Agarwala 1980, Ghosh and Agarwala 1980) 1979) 40. Oleaceae : Dactylus sp. (Chakrabarti 1972) Jasminum sp. (Agarwala 1979) Panicum miliaceum L. (Raychaudhuri Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. (Mall et al. 1978) 2010) Triticum aestivum aestivum L. (= Triticum 41. Onagraceae : vulgare Vill.) (Behura 1963b) Oenothera biennis L. (Verma et al. 1975) Triticum aestivum L. (Singh et al. 1999) 42. Oxalidaceae : Triticum sp. (Ghosh and Agarwala 1985) Oxalis corniculata L. (Raychaudhuri 49. Polemoniaceae : 1973) Phlox drummondii Hook. (Behura 1963) Oxalis latifolia Kunth (Raychaudhuri Phlox sp. (Behura 1963b, Agrawal et al. 1973) 2006) Oxalis triflora (?) (Ghosh and 50. Polygonaceae : Raychaudhuri 1962b, Behura 1963, Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. Raychaudhuri 1973) (Raychaudhuri 1973) 43. Papaveraceae : Fagopyrum sp. (Ghosh and Agarwala Argemone mexicana L. (Ghosh and 1980) Agarwala 1985) Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Kumar (= Polygonum perfoliatum L.) (Ghosh and 2013) Agarwala 1985) Papaver somniferum L. (Verma et al. Polygonum alatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don 1975) (Raychaudhuri 1973) 44. Passifloraceae : Polygonum sp. (Ghosh and Agarwala Passiflora sp. (Raychaudhuri 1973) 1980, 1985) 45. Pedaliaceae : Rumex acetosella L. (Bhalla and Pawar Sesamum indicum L. (Banerjee and Basu 1980) 1956, Basu and Banerjee 1958, Behura Rumex dentatus L. (Behura 1963b, Rao 1963b, Raychaudhuri 1978) 1969) 46. Phrymaceae (=Scrophulariaceae) : Rumex nepalensis Spreng. (Raychaudhuri Mazus sp. (Behura 1963b) 1978) 47. Plantaginaceae (=Scrophulariaceae) : 51. Pteridaceae (=Adiantaceae) : Antirrhinum majus L. (Ghosh and Adiantum cordatum Maxon (Agarwala Agarwala 1985, Kar et al. 1990) 1979) Antirrhinum sp. (Behura 1963b, Agrawal 52. Ranunculaceae : et al. 2006) Delphinium sp. (Singh et al. 1999, Cymbalaria muralis P. Gaerth. et al. Agrawal et al. 2006) (Ghosh 1977a) 53. Rosaceae : Digitalis lanata Ehrh. (Chakrabarti 1972) Malus domestica Borkh. (= Pyrus malus Digitalis sp. (Raychaudhuri 1973) (L.) (Behura 1963) Linaria sp. (Behura 1963b)

19 Prunus armeniaca L. (Behura 1963b, suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Raychaudhuri 1978) (Rao 1969) Prunus cerasoides D. Don (= Prunus Capsicum annuum L. (Bhalla and Pawar puddum Rox. Ex Ser.)) (Raychaudhuri 1980) 1973) Capsicum frutescens L. (Rao 1969, Rizvi Prunus cerasus L. (Raychaudhuri 1978) and Paul Khurana 1970, Agrawal et al. Prunus domestica L (Raychaudhuri 1978) 2006) Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb. (= Prunus Capsicum sp. (Despande 1938, Rao 1969) communis (L.) Arcang., = Prunus Cestrum diurnum L. (Raychaudhuri amygdalus Batsch) (Behura 1963b, 1973) Ghosh and Agarwala 1985) Cestrum fasciculatum (Schltdl.) Miers Prunus napaulensis (Ser.) Steud. (Rao 1969, Raychaudhuri 1973) (Raychaudhuri 1973) Cestrum nocturnum L. (Raychaudhuri Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Rizvi and 1973) Paul Khurana 1970, Basu and Datura metel L. (= Datura fastuosa (L.) Raychaudhuri 1980) (Behura 1963b, Chakrabarti 1972, Pyrus communis L. (Behura 1963b) Raychaudhuri 1973, Agrawal et al. 2006) Rosa sp. (Singh et al. 1999) Datura sp. (Agarwala 1979) Rubus ellipticus Sm. (Rao 1969, Datura stramonium L. (Behura 1963b) Raychaudhuri 1973, Ghosh and Agarwala Hyoscyamus niger L. (Chakrabarti 1972) 1980) Lycoperiscon esculentum Mill. var. Rubus rosifolius Sm. (= Rubus rosaefolius esculentum (= Solanum lycopersicum (L.) auct. non.) (Ghosh and Agarwala 1985) (Behura 1963b, Rao 1969) Spiraea oleracea (Raychaudhuri 1973) Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Banerjee 54. Rubiaceae : and Basu 1955, 1956, Behura 1963b, Rao Galium sp. (Behura 1963b) 1969, Verma et al. 1975) Mussaenda sp. (Raychaudhuri 1973) Nicotiana glauca Graham (Behura 55. Rutaceae : 1963b) Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f. (Raychaudhuri Nicotiana glutinosa L. (Behura 1963b) 1973) Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. (Behura Citrus reticulata Blanco (Ghosh and 1963b, Chakrabarti 1972) Raychaudhuri 1963) Nicotiana rustica L. (Behura 1963b, Rizvi Citrus sp. (Raychaudhuri 1973) and Paul Khurana 1970, Chakrabarti Ruta graveolens L. (Joshi and Poorani 1972) 2007) Nicotiana sp. (Ghulam-Ullah (1940) 56. Scrophulariaceae : Nicotiana tabacum L. (George 1927, Buddleja sp. (Raychaudhuri et al. 1980) Banerjee and Basu 1955, Banerjee and 57. Solanaceae : Basu 1956, Behura 1963b, Chakrabarti acuminata Royle ex Lindl. 1972, Raha 1979, Agarwala 1979) (Chakrabarti 1972, Raychaudhuri 1973) Petunia alba Hort. Ex Ferg. & Ottl. (Ghosh L. (Chakrabarti 1972, and Raychaudhuri 1962a, Behura 1963) Raychaudhuri 1973) Petunia axillaris (Lam.) Britton et al. Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. & Bonpl. (Verma et al. 1975) ex Willd.) Bercht. & Presl. (= Datura

20 Petunia sp. (Behura 1963, Raychaudhuri 58. Theaceae : 1973) Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. Solanum aculeatissimum Jack. (= Solanum (Raychaudhuri 1973) khasianum Clarke) (Ghosh and Agarwala 59. Tiliaceae : 1985) Triumfetta pilosa Roth (Agarwala 1979) Solanum betaceum Cav. (= Cyphomandra 60. Tropaeolaceae : betacea Cav.) Sendtn.) (Rao 1969, Tropaeolum majus L. (Raychaudhuri Agarwala 1979, Agarwala et al. 1982) 1973) Solanum clavatum Rusby (Raychaudhuri Tropaeolum officinalis (?) (Behura 1973) 1963b) Solanum dulcamara L. (Chakrabarti 61. Urticaceae : 1972) Urtica sp. (Raychaudhuri et al. 1980) Solanum erianthum D. Don (= Solanum 62. Verbenaceae : verbascifolium (L.) (Raychaudhuri 1973) Duranta erecta L. (Ghosh and Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal (= Solanum Raychaudhuri 1962b, Raychaudhuri indicum (L.) (Ghulam-Ullah 1940, Behura 1973) 1963b) Lantana camara L. (Ghosh and Agarwala Solanum melongena L. (Despande 1938, 1980, Ghosh and Agarwala 1985) Banerjee and Basu 1956, Basu and Verbena officinalis L. (Agrawal and Singh Banerjee 1958, Behura 1963b, Rao 1969, 2005, Agrawal et al. 2006) Raychaudhuri 1978, Raha 1979, 63. Violaceae : Agarwala 1979, Agarwala et al. 1982) Viola sp. (Batra and Kumar 1961, Behura Solanum nigrum L. (Behura 1963b, 1963) Raychaudhuri 1973, Shuja Uddin 1974, Viola tricolor L. (Behura 1963b) Agarwala 1979) 64. Zingiberaceae : Solanum persicum Willd. Ex Roem & Hedychium sp. (Raychaudhuri 1973) Schult. (Ghosh and Raychaudhuri 1962c, Behura 1963, Basu and Raychaudhuri References: 1980) Agarwala BK. (1979) Some aspects of aphid (Homoptera: Insecta) studies in Sikkim and Bhutan Solanum torvum Sw. (Raychaudhuri Ph. D. thesis, University of Calcutta, India, pp. 383. 1973) Solanum tuberosum L. (Despande 1938, Agarwala BK and Raychaudhuri DN. (1980) Parasites and predastors of aphids in Sikkim and Manipur Banerjee and Basu 1955, Basu and (northeast India) III. Entomon 5: 39-42. Banerjee 1958, David 1958b, Behura Agarwala BK, Ghosh D, Das SK, Poddar SC and 1963b, Chakrabarti 1972, Verma et al. Raychaudhuri DN. (1981) Parasites and predators 1975, Raychaudhuri et al. 1979, Bhalla of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) from India - 5. and Pawar 1980, Agarwala and New records of two aphidiid parasites, nine Raychaudhuri 1980, Agarwala et al. arachnid and one dipteran predators from India. 1982) Entomon 6: 233-238. Solanum xanti A. Gray (= Solanum Agarwala BK, Pramanik DR and Raychaudhuri D. xanthum auct. nonn.) (Chakrabarti 1972) (1982) Some new and little known macrosiphine Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Agarwala aphids (Homoptera : Aphididae) from India. Akitu, N S, 47: 1-7. and Raychaudhuri 1980, Kumar et al. 2009) Agarwala BK, Raychaudhuri D and Raychaudhuri DN. (1980) Parasites and predators of aphids in Sikkim

21 and Manipur (Northeast india) III. Entomon 5: 39– Basu RC and Raychaudhuri DN. (1980) A study on the 42. sexuales of aphids (Homoptera: Apididae) in India. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper, 18: 1-54. Agarwala VD and Hameed SF. (1972) Occurrence of the Indian grain aphids Macrosiphum (Sitobion) Batra HN and Kumar K. (1961) Occurrence of green miscanthi Takahashi on barley crop in Kulu Valley, peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) as a serious H P. Indian J. Entomol. 34: 82. pest of passy flower and its control. Indian J. Entomol. 23: 149-151. Agrawal R and Singh R. (2005) New host records of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in northeastern Behura BK. (1963a) Suppliment to aphids of India - a Uttar Pradesh. J. Aphidol. 19: 109-111. survey of published information. Prakruti – J. Utkal Univ. Sci. 3: 40-65. Agrawal R, Singh Rajni and Singh R. (2006) New records of host plants of Myzus persicae (Sulzer, Behura BK. (1963b) Aphids of India. survey of 1776) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in northeastern published information. recent Adv. Zool. India, Uttar Pradesh. 9th National Symposium on Recent 1961: 25-78. Advances in Aphidology (November 27-29, 2006) Bhalla OP. (1971) Addition to the aphid fauna of held at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Himachal Pradesh. Himachal J. Agric. Res. 1: 51 - Abstrtact, p. 31. 52. Ahmed ME and Singh R. (1996) Records of aphid Bhalla OP and Pawar AD. (1980) A survey of insect parasitoids from the north Bihar and associations and non-insect pests of economic importance in with their hosts and food plants. J. Adv. Zool. 17: Himachal Pradesh. Published by Department of 26-33. Entomology and Zoology, College of Agriculture, Ali S, Kadian MS, Ortiz O, Singh BP, Chandla VK and Chambaghat, Solan (H. P.). Akhtar M. (2013) Degeneration of potato seed in Bhanotar RK and Ghosh LK. (1969b) Micromyzus Meghalaya and Nagaland states in north-eastern judenkoi Carver (Homoptera : Aphididae ) a new hills of India. Potato J. 40: 122-127. record for India. Sci. & Cult. 35: 72. Ali Shahid, Kadian MS, Akhtar M, Arya S, Chandla VK, Biswas B, Mitra B and Ghosh LK. (1992) On some Govindakrishnan P and Singh B P. (2014) Potato Hemiptera from Andman and Nicobar islands. J. virus-vector aphid epidemiology in north-eastern Andman Sci. Assoc. 8: 146-154. hills of India. Nat. Acad. Sci. Lett. DOI 10.1007/s40009-014-0312-x. Blackman RL. (1971) Chromosomal abnormalities in an anholocyclic biotype of Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Babu B, Hegde V, Makeshkumar T and Jeeva ML. Experientia (Basel) 27: 704-706. (2011) Characterisation of the coat protein gene of dasheen mosaic virus infecting elephant foot yam. Blackman RL. (1987) Reproduction, cytogenetics and J. Plant Pathol. 93: 199-203. development. In Aphids: Their Biology, Natural Enemies, and Control, vol 2A (eds. A. K. Minks and Banerjee SN and Basu AN. (1955) Aphididae of West P. Harrewijn), Elsevier, Amsterdam. Bengal. Curr. Sci. 24: 61. Blackman RL and Eastop VF. (1994) Aphids on the Banerjee SN and Basu AN. (1956) The rice root aphid World's Trees: An Identification and Information in West Bengal. FAO Plant Protect. Bull. 5: 29. Guide. CAB International in association with the Basha A Z and Balasubramanian M. (1980) Newer Natural History Museum, Wallingford. chemicals for the control of green peach aphid, Blackman RL and Eastop VF. (2007) Taxonomic Myzus persicae Sulz. on chillies. Pesticides 14: 12- Issues. In: Aphids as Crop Pests (eds. H. F. van 13 . Emden and R. Harrington), CABI, UK, pp 1–29. Bass C, Puinean AM, Zimmer CT, Denholm I, Field L Blackman RL and Eastop VF. (2000) Aphids on the M, Foster SP, Gutbrod O, Nauen, R, Slater R and World’s Crops, Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons Williamson MS. (2014) The evolution of insecticide with the Natural History Museum, London. pp 466. resistance in the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae. Insect Biochem. & Molec. Biol. 51: 41-51. Blackman RL and Eastop VF. (2006). Aphids on the World’s Herbaceous Plants and Shrubs. Volume 2 Basu AN and Banerjee SN. (1958) Aphids of economic plants of West Bengal. Indian Agric. 2: 89-112.

22 The Aphids. John Wiley & Sons with the Natural Dubey RK, Shakywar RC and Singh V. (2013) Occurr- History Museum, London, pp 1025-1439. ence of diseases and insect-pest on different varieties of potato in foot hills of Arunachal Boopathi T and Pathak KA. (2012) Seasonal Pradesh. J. Plant Disease Sci. 8(2): 157-159. Abundance of Insect Pests of Broccoli in North Eastern Hill Region of India. Madras Agric. J. 99: Eastop VF and Blackman RL. (2005) Some new 125-127. synonyms in Aphididae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha). Zootaxa 1089: 1–36. Börner C. (1952) Europe centralis aphids. Mitt. Thurig. Botan-Gesell. 4: 1-484. El-Arnaouty SA, Gaber, N and Tawfik, MFS. (2000) Biological control of the green peach aphid Myzus Burbutis PP, Davis CP, Kelsey LP and Martin CE. persicae by Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) sensu (1972) Control of green peach aphid on sweet lato (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on green pepper in peppers in Delaware. J. Econ. Entomol. 65(5): greenhouses in Egypt. Egyptian J. Biol. Pest Cont. 1436-1438. 10: 109-116. Chakrabarti S (1972) Aphids of north western India Elmer H S and Brawner OL. (1975) Control of brown with special reference to Kumaon range, Uttar soft scale in Central Valley. Citrograph 60(11): Pradesh, Ph. D. thesis, University of Calcutta, India, 402-403. pp 435. Elzinga DA, De Vos M and Jander G. (2014) Chakrabarti S and Sarkar A. (2001) A supplement to Suppression of plant defenses by a Myzus persicae the food-plant catalogue of Indian Aphididae. J. (green peach aphid) salivary effector protein. Mol. Aphidol. 15: 9-62. Plant Microbe Interact. 27: 747-756. Chan CK, Forbes AR and Raworth DA. (1991) Aphid- Field LM, Javed N, Srtibley MF and Devonshire AL. transmitted viruses and their vectors of the world. (1994) The peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae and Agric. Canada Tech. Bull. 1991-3e. pp 1-216. the tobacco aphid Myzus nicotianae have the same Clements KM, Wiegmann BM, Sorenson CE, Smith CF, esterase–based mechanism of insecticide Neese PA and Roe RM. (2000a) Genetic variation in resistance. Ins. Mol. Biol. 3: 143–148. the Myzus persicae complex (Homoptera: Flanders KL, RadcliffE EB and Ragsdale DW. (1991) Aphididae): evidence for a single species. Ann. Ent. Potato leaf roll virus spread in relation to densities Soc. Amer. 93: 31-46. of green peach aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). Clements KM, Sorenson CE, Wiegmann BM, Neese PA Implications for management threshold for and R M Roe. (2000b) Genetic, biochemical, and Minnesota seed potatoes. J. Econ. Entomol. 84: behavioral uniformity among populations of Myzus 1028-1036. nicotianae and Myzus persicae. Entomol. Exp. Appl. Flint ML. (1985) Green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. 95: 269–281. In Integrated Pest Management for Cole Crops and David SK. (1958) Notes on south Indian Aphids. IV. Lettuce. University of California Publication 3307, Aphidinae. J. South Indian Hort. 6: 67-74. pp 36-42. Despande VG. (1938) A preliminary account of the French-Constant RH, Harrington R and Devonshire Aphididae of Poona. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39: AL. (1988) Effect of repeated applications of 740-744. insecticides to potatoes on numbers of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and on Devi PB and Singh TK. (2007) Studies on the the frequencies of insecticide-resistant variants. morphometry of the green peach aphid, Myzus Crop Protection 7: 55-61. persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Ent. Res. 37: 81-85. Ganguli RN and Ghosh MR. (1965) A note on the aphids of economically importace in Tripura. Sci. & Duarte L, Ceballos M, Baños HL, Sánchez A, Miranda I Cult. 31: 541-542. and Martínez M de LA. (2011) Biology and life table of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: George CJ. (1927) South Indian Aphididae. J. Asiatic Aphididae) under laboratory conditions. Revista de Soc. Bengal (N S) 23: 1-12. Prot. Veg. 26: 1-4.

23 Ghosh AK and Agarwala BK. (1980) Weed hosts of http://www.cabi org/isc/datasheet/35642 major aphid (Homoptera : Insecta ) pests in India http://www.theplantlist. org region. Indian Agric. 24: 101-107. Jagadeeshwar R, Babu RR, Rao RDVJP, Reddy DRR. Ghosh AK and Agarwala BK. (1985) A catalogue of (2005) Identification of naturally occurring chilli aphidiid (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) parasites of mosaic virus in northern Telangana zone of aphids (Homoptera) of India. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Andhra Pradesh. Indian J. Plant Prot. 33: 235-240. Soc, 79: 125-134. Jannson RK and Smilowitz Z. (1986) Influence of Ghosh AK and Raychaudhuri DN. (1959) Aphids of nitrogen on population parameters of potato Calcutta and its suburbs (West Bengal). J. Bombay insects: abundance, population growth, and Nat. Hist. Soc, 56: 660-664. within-plant distribution of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae). Environ Ghosh AK and Raychaudhuri DN. (1962a) Aphids of Entomol. 15: 49-55. Rajasthan. II Indian Agric. 4: 228-229. Jensen AS and Holman J. (2000) Macrosiphum on Ghosh AK and Raychaudhuri DN. (1962b) A ferns: taxonomy, biology and evolution, including preliminary accounts of the bionomics and the description of three new species (Hemiptera: taxonomy of aphids from Assam. J. Bombay Nat. Aphididae). Syst. Entomol. 25: 339-372. Hist. Soc, 59: 238-253. Jha YG. (1998) Host plant of aphids (Homoptera : Ghosh AK and Raychaudhuri DN. (1962c) Sexual form Aphididae) from Ranchi district of Chotanagpur of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) plateaeu (Bihar). In 10 th All India Congress of from Delhi. Sci. & Cult. 28: 539-540. Zoology, October 14-18, 1998 (eds B. N. Pandey Ghosh AK and Raychaudhuri DN. (1963) Additions to and B. K. Singh), Daya Publishing House, pp 91-94. the aphid fauna of Assam. Sci. & Cult. 29: 104. Joshi BG, Sitaramaiah S, Satyanarayana SVV and Ghosh AK and Raychaudhuri DN. (1968) Aphids Ramaprasad G. (1979) Note on natural enemies of (insecta: Homoptera) of Sikkim. Proc. zool. Soc. Spodoptera litura (F. ) and Myzus persicae (Sulz. ) Calcutta 21: 179-195. on flue-cured tobacco in Andhra Pradesh. Sci. & Cult. 45: 251-252. Ghosh LK. (1969) On a collection of aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) from Uttar Pradesh, India. Joshi S and Poorani J. (2007) Aphids of Karnataka, Sci. & Cult. 35: 493-494. http://www.aphidweb.com Ghosh LK. (1970) Aphids of NEFA, India (Homoptera : Kar I, Basu G and Khuda-Bukhsh AR. (1990) A Check- Aphididae). Sci. & Cult. 36: 562-563. list of chromosomes in aphids (Homoptera : Aphididae) worked out in India along with the Ghosh LK. (1977) A study on the aphids (Homoptera: names and families of their host plants. Environ. Aphididae) of Himachal Pradesh in North-West and Ecol. 8: 414-428. Himalaya, India, Ph. D. thesis, University of Calcutta, India, pp 360. Kennedy JS, Day MR and Eastop VF. (1962) A conspectus of aphids as vectors of plant viruses. Ghosh LK. (1986) A conspectus of Aphididae CIE, London, pp 114. (Homoptera) of Himachal Pradesh in North-west Himalaya, India. Zool. Surv. India (Tech. Krishnamurthi B. (1929) Aphididae of Mysore. I. J. Monograph) No. 16, pp 1-282. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 33: 211-215. Ghulam-Ullah (1940) Studies of Indian Aphididae - I: Krishnamurthi B. (1930) Aphididae of Mysore. II. J. The Aphid fauna of Delhi. Indian J. Entomol. 2: 13- Bombay. Nat. Hist. Soc. 34: 411-419. 25. Kulkarni RD, Kale GB and Bhamare VK. (2008) Holman J. (2009) Host Plant Catalog of Aphids, Seasonal activity of some important sucking pests Palaearctic Region. Springer Science and Business on some varieties of cotton in Chhattisgarh India, Media B V pp 1216. Internat. J. Plant Sci. Muzaffarnagar, 3: 15-20. Hooker WJ. (1986) Compendium of Potato Diseases. Kumar A, Singh CP and Pandey R. (2009) Insect pests The APS, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, ST Paul, Minnesota of ashwagandha, Withania somnifera Linn. in tarai 55121, USA. pp. 125. region of Uttarakhand. Entomon 34: 115-118. http://www.ars-grin. gov

24 Kumar KM. (2013) Seasonal abundance of Myzus Margaritopoulos JT, Tsitsipis JA, Goudoudaki S and persicae (Sulzer) and its association with food Blackman RL. (2002) Life cycle variation of Myzus plants and natural enemies in northeast Bihar. persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Greece. Bull. Biolife.1(4):195-199. Entomol. Res. 92: 309–319. Lakra BS. (2004) Health status of potato crop in Margaritopoulos JT, Tzortzi M, Zarpas KD, Tsitsipis JA Haryana - an overall view. Haryana J. Hort. Sci. 33: and Blackman RL. (2006) Morphological 294-296. discrimination of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations feeding on Compositae. Laskar N and Ghimiray TS. (2004) Varietal and Bull. Entomol. Res. 96: 153-165. biophysical reactions of soybean to potato leaf hopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) and green peach Musa FA, Carli C, Susuri LR and Pireva IM. (2004) aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.). J. Appl. Zool. Res. 15: Monitoring of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in potato 1-3. fields in Kosovo. Acta Agric. Slovenica 83: 379–385. Mackauer M and Way JM. (1976) Myzus persicae Nagaich BB. (1975) Controlling degeneration (Sulz.) and aphid of world importance. In Studies diseases in potatoes. In: Advances in Mycology and in Biological Control (ed V. L. Delucchi), Cambridge Plant Pathology. Birthday celebration Committee, University Press, Cambridge, pp 51-120, Prof. R. N. Tandon, pp 249-262. Madjdzadeh SM, Mehrparvar M and Abolhasanzadeh Namba R and Higa SY. (1981) Papaya mosaic F. (2009) Morphometric discrimination of host- transmission as affected by the duration of the adapted populations of Brachycaudus helichrysi acquisition probe of the green peach aphid - Myzus (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Redia, XCII: persicae (Sulzer). Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 143-145. 23(3): 431-433. Maity SP and Chakrabarti S. (1979) Aphids Passerini G. (1860) Gli Afidi, con un prospetto dei (Homoptera: Aphididae) of north west India-III: gereri ed alcune specie nuove Italiane. Parma. pp Records of new aphids from Garhwal Himalaya. 40. Sci. & Cult. 45: 68-162. Patel RK, Thakur BS. (2005) Insect pest complex and Malik K and Khajuria S. (2005) Assessment of certain seasonal incidence in linseed with particular insecticides against green peach aphid, Myzus reference to bud fly ( Dasineura lini Barnes). J. Plant persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) infesting Prot. and Environ. 2: 102-107. seed crop of potato. J. Aphidol. 19: 69-72. Pelletier Y, Pompon J, Dexter P and Quiring D. (2010) Mall N, Srivastava PN and Singh R. (2010) First Biological performance of Myzus persicae and record of host plants of aphids (Homoptera: Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Homoptera: Aphididae) Aphididae) from India. J. Aphidol. 24: 85-86. on seven wild Solanum species. Ann. Appl. Biol. doi:10.1111/J 1744-7348.2010.00389.x Mandal SMA and Patnaik NC. (2006) Insect pests and natural enemies associated with cabbage in the Peppe FB and Lomônaco C. (2003) Phenotypic coastal belt of Orissa. J. Plant Prot. and Environ. 3: plasticity of Myzus persicae (Hemíptera: 76-80. Aphididae) raised on Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala (kale) and Raphanus sativus L. (radish). Margaritopoulos JT, Tsitsipis JA, Zintzaras E, Genet. Mol. Biol. 26: 189-194. Blackman RL, (2000). Host-correlated morphological variation of Myzus persicae Petitt FL and Smilowitz Z. (1982) Green peach aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations in Greece. feeding damage to potato in various plant growth Bull. Entomol. Res. 90: 233-244. stages. J. Econ. Entomol. 75: 431-435. Margaritopoulos JT, Mamuris Z and Tsitsipis JA. Poulios KD, Margaritopoulos JT and Tsitsipis JA. (1998) Attempted discrimination of Myzus (2007) Morphological separation of host adapted persicae and Myzus nicotianae (Homoptera: taxa within the Hyalopterus pruni complex Aphididae) by random amplified polymorphic DNA (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Eur. J. Entomol. 104: 235- polymerase chain reaction technique. Ann. Ent. 242. Soc. Amer. 91: 602–607.

25 Prado SG and Frank SD. (2013) Compact plants Romancer M, Kerlan C and Nedellec M. (1994) reduce biological control of Myzus persicae by Biological characterisation of various geographical Aphidius colemani. Biol. Cont. 65: 184-189. isolates of potato virus Y inducing superficial necrosis on potato tubers. Plant Pathol. 43: 138- Raha S K. (1979) Studies on the aphids (Homoptera: 144. Insecta) of Nagaland, Ph. D. thesis, University of Calcutta, India, pp 212. Sathe TV and Jadhav BV (2008) Indian Pest Aphids. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi, pp 211. Raj BT and Verma KD. (1989) Population fluctuations of Myzus persicae Sulzer on potato crop in Sengupta GC, Das JN and Behura BK. (1962) A Maharashtra. J. Aphidol. 3: 64-67. preliminary account of the aphids of Orissa. Prakruti – J. Utkal Univ. Sci. 2: 33-39. Ramaseshiah G and Dharmadhikari PR. (1969) Aphidiid parasites of aphids in India. CIBC Tech. Shah H M. (1996) Biological diversity of Gujarat. Publ. Bull. No. 11: 156-164. Gujarat Ecology Commission, Vadodara, Gujarat, pp 277. Rao VP. (1969) Survey for natural enemies in India. CIBC Indian Station, U S PL 480 Project, Final Tech. Sharma PK and Kashyap NP. (1998) Estimation of Rep. pp 1-93. losses in three different cruciferous oilseed Brassica crops due to the aphid complex in Raychaudhuri D. (1978) Taxonomy and biology of Himachal Pradesh (India). J Entomol. Res. 22(4): aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) of Manipur. Ph. D. 337-342. thesis, University of Calcutta, India, pp 308. Sharma PL and Bhalla OP. (1964) A survey of insect Raychaudhuri DN. (1973) Taxonomy of the aphids of pests of economic importance in Himachal the Eastern . U.S. PL 480 Project Tech. Pradesh. Indian J. Entomol. 26: 318-331. Report, pp 107. Shuja Uddin. (1974) Two new species of the genus Raychaudhuri DN. (1980) (ed) Aphids of north-east Toxares Westwood (Aphidiidae : Hymenoptera) India and Bhutan. Zool. Soc., Calcutta, pp 521. from India with note on the genus. Indian J. Raychaudhuri D N. (1983) (ed) Food Plant catalogue Entomol. 36: 268-274. of Indian Aphididae. Graphic Printall, Culcutta Sigvald R. (1984) The relative efficiency of some (India), pp 204. aphid species as vectors of potato virus Yo (PVYo). Raychaudhuri DN and Ghosh AK. (1958) A note on Potato Res. 27: 285-290. aphids of Calcutta and suberbs with special Singh R and Ghosh S. (2012) Sexuales of Aphids reference to newly recorded host plant families for (Insecta: Homoptera: Aphididae) in India. Lambert some rare species. Curr. Sci. 27: 402. Academic Publishing Gmbh & CO KG Germany, pp Raychaudhuri DN and Ghosh AK. (1959) A 402. preliminary account of aphids of Rajasthan. Indian Singh G, Singh G and Grewal, GS. (1987) Biology of Agric. 3: 17-22. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on rocket salad Eruca Raychaudhuri DN, Dutta S, Agarwala BK, Raha SK and sativa Linn. in Punjab. J. Res. Punjab Agric. Univ. Raychaudhuri D. (1979) Some parasites and 24(4): 628-637. predators of aphids from northeast India and Singh R, Upadhyay BS, Singh D and Chaudhary HC. Bhutan. II. Entomon 4: 163-166. (1999) Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their Raychaudhuri DN, Ghosh LK and Das SK. (1980) parasitoids in north-eastern Uttar Pradesh. J. Studies on the aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) Aphidol. 13, 49-62. from north and northwest India-I. Ins. Matsum. N. Srivastava A, Singh H and Thakur HL. (1996) S. 20: 1-42. Assessment of avoidable yield loss caused by green Remaudiere G and Remaudiere M. (1997) Catalogue peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and mustard of the world’s Aphididae. Institut National de la aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in Brassica . Indian J. Recherche Agronomique, Paris, pp 473. Plant Prot. 24(1-2): 115-116. Rizvi SMA and Paul Khurana SM. (1970) Aphid fauna Stewart JK, Aharoni Y, Hartsell PL and Young DK. of economic crop plants in Gorakhpur. Sci. & Cult. (1980) Acetaldehyde fumigation at reduced 36: 49. pressures to control the green peach aphid on

26 wrapped and packed head lettuce. J. Econ. Verma AN, Khurana AD and Bhanot JP. (1975) Aphids Entomol. 73: 149-152. of Hissar (Haryana). Haryana Agric. Univ. J. Res. 5 : 11-14. Sulzer JH. (1776) Zweyter Abschnit. Abgekürzte Geschichte der Insekten nach dem Linnaeischen Verma, KD. (1971) Additional records of Jammu and System 1776. pp 1-xxviii, 1-274, 1-72. Kashmir aphids. Sci. & Cult. 37: 248-249. Taylor LR. (1977) Migration and the spatial dynamics Verma KD. (1976) Potato aphids with special of an aphid, Myzus persicae . J. Anim. Ecol. 46: 411- reference to Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Proc. 2 nd Nat. 423. Symp. Recent Trends in Aphidological Studies, Modinagar (ed S. P. Kurl), pp 39-46. Toba HH. (1963) Vector-virus relationships of watermelon mosaic virus and the green peach Verma, KD and Ghosh LK. (1990) Discovery of sexual aphid, Myzus persicae . J. Econ. Entomol. 56: 200- female of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) with 205. redescription of its alate male from India. J. Aphidol. 4: 30-35. Toba HH. (1964) Life-history studies of Myzus persicae in HawaiI. J. Econ. Entomol. 57(2): 290- Verma KD and Parihar SBS. (1996a) Development of 291. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on some potato cultivar. J. Aphidol. 10: 81-84. Trivedi TP, Khurana SMP, Puri SN, Bhar LM, Mehta SC, Jain RC, Singh G, Chaudhari SM, Mohasin M, Verma KD and Parihar SBS. (1996b) Influence of Dhandapani A and Naveen C. (2002). Development abiotic factors on the appearance and build-up of of forewarning system of potato aphid ( Myzus myzus persicae (sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) persicae ) on potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) in India. on potato crop. J. Aphidol. 10: 13-18. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 72(6):341-345. Verma KD, Rajendran TP, Chandla VK, Lal L, Ram G, van Emden HF and Harrington R. (2007) Aphids as Trivedi TP and Gadewar A. (1985) Biology of Crop Pests. CAB International, Cromwell Press, U K, Myzus persicae and other aphids transmitting virus pp 710. disease. CPRI, Shimla Annu. Sci. Rept. 108-113. van Emden HF, Eastop VF, Hughes RD and Way MJ. Vučetić A, Petrović-Obradović O and Stanisavljević (1969) The ecology of Myzus persicae . Annu. Rev. LŽ. (2010) The morphological variation of Myzus Ent. 14: 197-270. persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from peach and tobacco in Serbia and Montenegro. Arch. Biol. Sci. Varghese TS and Mathew TB. (2012) Evaluation of Belgrade 62: 767-774. newer insecticides against chilli aphids and their effect on natural enemies. Pest Manag. Hort. Zimmerman EC. (1948) Myzus persicae (Sulzer). In. Ecosyst. 18(1), 114-117. Insects of Hawaii, A Manual of the Insects of the Hawaiian Islands, including Enumeration of the Veda OP, Shaw SS, Badaya AK. (1994). Serious Species and Notes on their Origin, Distribution, outbreak of green peach aphids ( Myzus Hosts, Parasites, etc. Volume 5, Homoptera: persicae (Sulzer)) on opium poppy ( Papaver Aphididae. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, somniferum Linn.) and its associated parasites and pp 116-118. predators in western Madhya Pradesh. Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika 9: 69-72. Verma KD, Das SM. (1992) The Aphidididae of north- west India. New Delhi, India: Ashish Publishing

House.

27