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Annual Report 2004 (Of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Annual Report 2004 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Annual Report Series 11 Annual Report 2004 Photo by Andrea Rasetti UNESCO The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariats of UNESCO and IOC concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of the frontiers of any country or territory. Dates: Unless otherwise indicated, all dates are understood as falling in the year 2004. Editor and Contributing Writer: Rachel Dahl Designer: Eric Loddé Special thanks to contributing authors, and those who assisted in providing information and illustrations. In particular, sincere appreciation for the generous photographic contributions of Andrea Rasetti and the valued assistance of IOC’s documentalist, Patrice Boned. For bibliographic purposes, this document should be cited as follows: Annual Report 2004 IOC Annual Reports Series No. 11, UNESCO 2004 (English) Printed in 2005 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France © UNESCO 2005 (SC-2005/WS/15) Cover Photos courtesy of: (left) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (middle) Andrea Rasetti; (right) Peter Franks, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Contents Purpose and Role of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO .................1 Chairman’s Comments ..................................................................................................................2 Executive Secretary’s Comments ..................................................................................................3 Public Awareness • Our Changing Climate, Guy Jacques and Hervé Le Treut ............................................................................ 6 • The Indian Ocean Tsunami .......................................................................................................................... 12 • The Roger Revelle Medal Award ................................................................................................................. 18 Policy • IOC Mandate and Action Plans .............................................................................................................20-21 • The Group on Earth Observations: The Earth Observation Summit II, Boram Lee ...................................... 22 • Small Island Developing States (SIDS) ............................................................................................. 28-29 • Memorandum of Understanding between IOC and ICES ..................................................................... 30-31 • Regime Shifts, Marine Ecosystems and Indicators, Roger Harris ................................................................32 IOC Programme Sections Ocean Sciences • Overview of 2004, Umit Unluata .................................................................................................................38 • The Oceans in a High CO2 World, Maria Hood .......................................................................................... 44 • International Project on the Development and Application of Indicators for Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management, Julian Barbière ......................................................................48 Operational Observing Systems • Overview of 2004, Keith Alverson ..............................................................................................................50 • The Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS), Thorkild Aarup .......................................................... 56 • The Coastal Module of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), Thorkild Aarup .............................. 60 Ocean Services • Overview of 2004, Peter Pissierssens ........................................................................................................... 64 • Ocean Data and Information Network for Africa (ODINAFRICA), Mika Odido .........................................68 Regional Activities • IOC Subcommission for the Western Pacific, Miguel Fortes ........................................................................ 72 • IOC Regional Committee for the Western Indian Ocean, Mika Odido ........................................................ 76 • Capacity Building: Towards an Implementation Plan, Ehrlich Desa ...........................................................78 Annexes IOC Structure and Personnel • IOC Officers ................................................................................................................................................ 84 • IOC Member States ..................................................................................................................................... 85 • IOC Structure .............................................................................................................................................. 86 • Organization of Secretariat Staff ................................................................................................................. 87 • IOC Personnel ............................................................................................................................................. 88 In Memoriam • Dr Christian Le Provost ............................................................................................................................. 89 • IOC Publications ......................................................................................................................................... 90 • IOC Participation in 2004 Events ................................................................................................................ 92 • Financial Report .......................................................................................................................................... 94 • Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................107 Purpose and Role of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO The purpose of the Commission is to promote international cooperation and to coordinate programmes in research, services, and capacity building, in order to learn about the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas and to apply that knowledge for the improvement of management, sustainable development, the protection of the marine environment, and the decision-making processes of its Member States. The Commission will collaborate with international organizations concerned with the work of the Commission, and especially with those organizations of the United Nations system which are willing and prepared to contribute to the purpose and functions of the Commission and/or to seek advice and coopera- tion in the field of ocean and coastal area scientific research, related services, and capacity building. FROM THE CHAIRMAN his foreword is being written in March 2005, just through capacity building; through development of data two months after the disastrous Indian Ocean exchange policies and procedures; and through leadership tsunami of 26 December 2004. A full account of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The in- T of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com- volvement of GOOS as part of the emerging Global Earth mission (IOC) of UNESCO’s involvement in the inter- Observation System of Systems has been another impor- national reactions to that event must await the Report for tant theme in 2004. 2005. However, I want here to pay immediate tribute to the magnifi cent way in which Patricio Bernal and the Secre- In this Report you can read accounts of many impres- tariat have responded to the call for IOC to provide a lead in sive achievements by our Commission. Nevertheless setting up an extended warning system for potential future there is no doubt that much more could be achieved if events. Member States have given us a great responsibility: IOC were resourced at a level commensurate with its re- we will undoubtedly justify that confi dence. sponsibilities. Our funding, which comes both through UNESCO and directly from Member States, is increas- During 2004 there have been other examples of growing ingly inadequate for the work we have been asked to do. popular and political awareness of the importance of the Further development can only happen if new funding ar- sea. In March I was invited as Chairman of IOC to chair rangements and enhanced Member State commitment a Group of Experts at the UN in New York, charged with to our programmes are forthcoming. A thorough review developing proposals for a regular process of Global Ma- of the budget and resources of IOC will be an impor- rine Assessment. Governments are now considering the tant issue at our Twenty-third Assembly in June 2005. implementation of these proposals. In October I was invit- ed to lead an Asia-Pacifi c Economic Cooperation (APEC) workshop in Chile on the contribution of marine activi- ties to national economies: for many countries these are often substantial. One of the continuing roles of IOC is to promote international cooperation in the science and services that underpin these activities. We do this in many Dr David Pugh ways, notably through our targeted science programmes; IOC Chairman 2 INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION • Annual Report 2004 FROM THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY Public services based on atmospheric
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