Newton Lee Editor

Google It Total Information Awareness Editor Newton Lee Newton Lee Laboratories, LLC, Institute for Education, Research and Scholarships Woodbury University School of Media, Culture and Design Burbank, CA USA

This book is an independent publication and is not affiliated with, nor has it been authorized, sponsored, or otherwise approved by any governments or organizations including Google. References to various copyrighted trademarks, characters, marks and registered marks may appear in this book. References to various Google copyrighted trademarks, servicemarks, marks and registered marks owned by Google and/or its susidiaries may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image, this book uses the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion with no intention of infringement of the trademark.

ISBN 978-1-4939-6413-0 ISBN 978-1-4939-6415-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-6415-4

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016946312

© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York To peace, love, and freedom Acknowledgements

The research effort for Google It was partially supported by a Woodbury University faculty development grant and adjunct faculty micro grant. Google It (Soundtrack) is a companion music album that features all the songs mentioned in the book. I would like to thank () for his permission to include “” in the album, and also to thank the amazing international musicians and administrators involved in the companion music album: René Baños, Jake Coco, Keith Cooper, Brody Dolyniuk, Stefanie Field, Linda Gianotti, Poney Gross, Chris Hathcock, Seyfulla Mustafayev, Patrick Printz, Athena Reich, Shakti Shivaya, Pete Stark, and Princess X.

Track listing:

1. “The Logical Song” written and performed by Roger Hodgson (Supertramp), USA 2. “Another Brick in the Wall, Pt 2” performed by Bizimkiler, copyright by ANS TV, Azerbaijan Republic 3. “Hotel California” performed by Vocal Sampling, Cuba 4. “In the Year 2525” performed by Pete Stark, Australia 5. “Time” performed by Brody Dolyniuk, USA 6. “Losing My Religion” performed by The Reticent (Chris Hathcock), USA 7. “With a Little Help from My Friends” performed by Adam Christopher, Tay Watts, Corey Gray, and Jake Coco, USA 8. “Free” performed by Princess X, USA

vii viii Acknowledgements

A Word From Roger Hodgson:

“The Logical Song was born from my questions about what really matters in life. Throughout childhood we are taught all these ways to be and yet we are rarely told anything about our true self. We are taught how to function outwardly, but not guided to who we are inwardly. We go from the innocence and wonder of child- hood to the confusion of adolescence that often ends in the cynicism and disillu- sionment of adulthood. In The Logical Song, the burning question that came down to its rawest place was ‘please tell me who I am.’ I think in these modern times, the more complex life becomes, this eternal question becomes ever louder—which is why the song continues to strike such a deep chord in people around the world.” About the Book

From Google search to self-driving cars to human longevity, is Alphabet creating a neoteric Garden of Eden or Bentham’s Panopticon? Will King Solomon’s challenge supersede the Turing test for artificial intelligence? Can transhumanism mitigate existential threats to humankind? These are some of the overarching questions in this book, which explores the impact of information awareness on humanity starting from the Book of Genesis to the Royal Library of Alexandria in the 3rd century BC to the modern day of Google Search, IBM Watson, and Wolfram|Alpha. The book also covers Search Engine Optimization, Google AdWords, Google Maps, Google Local Search, and what every business leader must know about digital transformation. “Search is curiosity, and that will never be done,” said Google’s first female engineer and Yahoo’s sixth CEO Marissa Mayer. The truth is out there; we just need to know how to Google it!

Contributors

Dennis Anderson, Ph.D., St. Francis College Penelope Beery, Ed.D., Knowledge Building in Action Dirk Bruere, the Transhumanist Party Frank Buddenbrock, Google AdWords Certified Specialist Lincoln Cannon, Mormon Transhumanist Association John Cassel, Wolfram Research Nicole Ciomek, Radiant PPC Tina Courtney, Evolve Inc. Andrew Donaldson, Bolder Super School Robert Epstein, Ph.D., American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology Dennis Gamayunov, Ph.D., Lomonosov Moscow State University Barret Havens, MLIS, Woodbury University

ix x About the Book

David J. Kelley, Microsoft MVP and Futurist Christoph Lahtz, Ph.D., Medical Researcher and Transhumanist Newton Lee, Institute for Education Research & Scholarship and Woodbury University School of Media Culture & Design Sandra Lund-Diaz, M.Ed., Knowledge Building in Action Trond Lyngbø, Search Planet AS Aylin Manduric, University of Toronto and Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress Darren Manners, Sycomtech Mireia Montane, Ph.D., Knowledge Building in Action Robert Niewiadomski, Educator Frances Eames Noland, University of Emily Peed, Institute for Education, Research, and Scholarships Jennifer Rosenfeld, Woodbury University Cyrus Shahabi, Ph.D., University of Southern California Tiana Sinclair, Futurist Zach Tolan, the Polymathic Prodigy Institute Natasha Vita-More, Ph.D., Humanity+ and University of Advancing Technology Mikhail Voronov, Lomonosov Moscow State University Lewis Watson, Marshall Fundamental School Nyagoslav Zhekov, Whitespark Inc. Contents

Part I The Gordian Knot 1 To Google or Not to Google ...... 3 Newton Lee 1.1 A Brief History of Time: From Research to Product ...... 3 1.2 Form Follows Function...... 5 1.3 Google Doodles ...... 6 1.4 I’m Feeling Lucky ...... 9 1.5 Have Fun and Keep Googling ...... 12 1.6 Gatekeeper of Information ...... 14 1.7 Censorship of Information ...... 17 1.8 Information Warfare and Connecting the Dots ...... 18 1.9 Information Silos and Prison of Ideas...... 21 1.10 Knowledge of Good and Evil ...... 22 1.11 Google’s Mantra: Don’t Be Evil...... 25 1.12 Google for Education ...... 28 1.13 The Closing of the American Mind ...... 29 1.14 The Opening of the American Mind...... 32 1.15 Internet Revolution and Collective Consciousness ...... 34 1.16 Alphabet Slogan: Do the Right Thing ...... 36 1.17 Philanthropy ...... 37 1.18 Moon Landing and a Little Help from My Friends...... 37 1.19 Faith in God and Trust in Google...... 41 References...... 43 2 Google My Religion: Unraveling the Gordian Knot of Religious, Moral, and Political Entanglement...... 53 Newton Lee 2.1 Book of Genesis and Theory of Relativity ...... 53 2.2 Information War and the Blame Game ...... 57 2.3 Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations ...... 58 2.4 Questioning One’s Religion ...... 61

xi xii Contents

2.5 Religion and Science ...... 63 2.6 Religious Radicalization ...... 65 2.7 Children in War and Peace ...... 66 2.8 Terrorism and Abrahamic Religions ...... 68 2.9 Ten Plagues of Egypt ...... 72 2.10 Xenophobia and Islamophobia ...... 73 2.11 Capital Punishment and Rehabilitation ...... 76 2.12 Nine Familial Rehabilitation ...... 77 2.13 War on Drugs...... 79 2.14 Forgiveness and Humility ...... 83 2.15 Masks of God and Moral Standard...... 84 2.16 Prostitution and Gender Discrimination ...... 85 2.17 Pornography, Feminism, and Technology...... 87 2.18 Unmasking of God and Enlightening Humankind ...... 89 2.19 Separation of Church and State ...... 92 2.20 Trinity of Religions, Arts, and Sciences ...... 93 2.21 Death, Resurrection, and Future of Religions ...... 97 2.22 And Now for Something Completely Different, or not ...... 98 References...... 100 3 Google Versus Death; To Be, Or Not to Be?...... 111 Newton Lee 3.1 Existential Threats to Humankind...... 111 3.2 Can Google Solve Death?...... 116 3.3 Biblical Account of Human Lifespan ...... 121 3.4 Selfish Versus Selfless Question of Super Longevity ...... 123 3.5 Precious Commodity of Time ...... 128 3.6 Negligible Senescence and Princess Leia in Star Wars ...... 129 3.7 Rejuvenation and the Curious Case of Benjamin Button ...... 131 3.8 The Man with the Golden Arm Helped Save 2 Million Babies...... 133 3.9 The Man Who Can’t Catch AIDS Helped Develop Anti-Viral Drugs...... 135 3.10 No Mother Should Bury Their Child ...... 136 3.11 Big Data for “Nowcasting” of Epidemics ...... 141 3.12 Top 10 Lists of Health-Related Search Queries ...... 141 3.13 Knowledge Graph of Health Information ...... 142 3.14 CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing ...... 147 3.15 Human-Animal Chimeras ...... 149 3.16 3D Bioprinting of Tissues and Organs ...... 152 3.17 Cyborg: Cybernetic Implants and Nanobot Repairs ...... 152 3.18 Artificial Intelligence and IBM Watson DeepQA ...... 154 3.19 Human-Machine Symbiosis and Google DeepMind ...... 155 3.20 Turing’s Imitation Game and Animal Testing...... 157 3.21 King Solomon’s Challenge and the Trolley Problem ...... 160 Contents xiii

3.22 Artificial General Intelligence and Superintelligence...... 162 3.23 Transhumanism and Anti-Death Political Candidates ...... 166 3.24 Google’s D-Wave Quantum Computer ...... 168 3.25 To Be, or not to Be, that Is the Question ...... 171 References...... 173

Part II Don’t Be Evil; Making the World a Better Place 4 SEO in the Age of Digital Transformation: What Every Business Leader Must Know ...... 189 Trond Lyngbø 4.1 Google Has Transformed Business Forever ...... 189 4.2 Google’s Impact on Society ...... 190 4.3 Google—A Trusted Personal Aide ...... 191 4.4 What Gives Google Such Impact and Importance?...... 191 4.5 Google’s Past, Present and Future ...... 192 4.6 Google’s on a Mission—And It’s just Getting Started ...... 192 4.7 Who Wins in This Fast-Evolving Scenario? ...... 193 5 Search Engine Optimization: Getting to Google’s First Page...... 195 Frank Buddenbrock 5.1 Google’s First Page ...... 195 5.2 Search Engine Optimization (SEO)...... 196 5.3 Keywords ...... 197 5.4 SEO Ranking Factors ...... 198 5.4.1 Site Speed ...... 198 5.4.2 Title Tag ...... 198 5.4.3 Meta Description ...... 198 5.4.4 Heading Tags ...... 199 5.4.5 Keyword in URL/Keyword in Domain Name ...... 199 5.4.6 Keywords in Body Text ...... 200 5.4.7 Media ...... 200 5.4.8 Sitemaps ...... 201 5.4.9 Anchor Text ...... 201 5.4.10 Social Media ...... 201 5.4.11 Backlinking ...... 202 5.5 SEO Done Properly ...... 202 5.6 SEO Case Study ...... 203 6 4 Tips for Writing Outstanding SEO Boosting Content ...... 205 Tina Courtney 6.1 The SEO Game ...... 205 6.2 Tip #1: The Audience Comes First...... 206 6.3 Tip #2: Backlink Like You Mean It ...... 207 6.4 Tip #3: Extra, Extra, Read All About It ...... 207 6.5 Tip #4: Visual Voodoo...... 208 xiv Contents

7 Internet Advertising and Google AdWords ...... 211 Nicole Ciomek 7.1 The Importance of Internet Advertising ...... 211 7.2 Google AdWords ...... 212 7.3 AdWords Ads: What Google Is Selling ...... 213 7.3.1 What an AdWords Ad Looks like ...... 213 7.3.2 The Different Parts of an Ad ...... 213 7.3.3 What Makes an Ad Compelling?...... 214 7.4 AdWords Campaigns: The Advertiser’s Structure...... 214 7.4.1 What Is a Campaign? ...... 214 7.4.2 How to Select a Campaign Structure...... 215 7.4.3 How Campaign Structure Impacts Performance and Optimization ...... 215 7.5 Keywords: How Ads Are Targeted...... 216 7.5.1 How to Go About Keyword Research ...... 216 7.5.2 How to Determine if You’ve Got a Strong Keyword List...... 217 7.5.3 Keyword Match Types: What They Are All About.... 218 7.6 Keyword Organization ...... 219 7.6.1 You’ve Got Your Keywords, Now What?...... 219 7.6.2 Different Theories on How to Organize Your Keywords ...... 219 7.6.3 How to Choose an Organizational Style ...... 220 7.7 Negative Keywords ...... 220 7.7.1 What is a Negative Keyword?...... 220 7.7.2 How to Select Your Negative Keywords...... 221 7.8 Landing Pages: Clicking an Ad is just the Beginning...... 222 7.8.1 What is a Landing Page and Why They are One of the Most Important Aspects of PPC ...... 222 7.8.2 What Makes a Great Landing Page and How to Select the Landing Page for Your Campaign ...... 223 7.9 Tracking Conversions ...... 224 7.9.1 Why Conversion Tracking Matters ...... 224 7.9.2 What is Conversion Tracking? ...... 224 7.10 Quality Scores: Google’s Invisible Hand Tilts the Field ...... 225 7.10.1 What Are Quality Scores? ...... 225 7.10.2 Why They Matter and How They Impact Your AdWords Campaigns ...... 226 7.11 Analysis and Optimization: Ongoing Effort ...... 227 7.11.1 An Ongoing Effort...... 227 7.11.2 Approaches for Account Maintenance ...... 227 7.12 Beyond the Basics ...... 230 7.12.1 Ad Extensions ...... 230 7.12.2 Dimensions Tab...... 232 Contents xv

7.12.3 Remarketing ...... 234 7.13 Business Marketing Plan...... 235 8 Google Maps and Google Local Search ...... 237 Nyagoslav Zhekov 8.1 A Brief History of Google Maps for Business ...... 237 8.2 Google Local Business Center (LBC)...... 237 8.3 Google Street View ...... 238 8.4 Google Maps ...... 239 8.5 Google Map Maker ...... 239 8.6 Google Reviews and Google Places ...... 240 8.7 Google Products for Local Businesses ...... 241 8.8 Google Business Dashboard with Google+...... 241 8.9 Google AdWords and AdWords Express ...... 242 8.10 Google Tags ...... 243 8.11 Google Business Views ...... 243 8.12 Google Business Listings and Business Data ...... 244 8.13 Business Data Aggregators ...... 244 8.14 Business Data Scraping ...... 245 8.15 Business Listings ...... 245 8.16 Business Rankings in Local Search Results ...... 246 8.17 Business Citations...... 246 8.17.1 Citation Volume ...... 246 8.17.2 Citation Consistency ...... 247 8.18 Complexity of Online Business Data ...... 247 8.19 Google Map Maker and Maps Spam ...... 248 8.20 Out of Business? ...... 249 8.21 Google Phone Support ...... 250 8.22 Google Map Maker ...... 250 8.23 Anti-spam Solutions ...... 251 Appendix: Business Data Providers for Google in Selected Countries...... 251 9 Subtle New Forms of Internet Influence Are Putting Democracy at Risk Worldwide...... 253 Robert Epstein 9.1 Democracy ...... 253 9.2 Digital Gerrymandering ...... 253 9.3 Facebook Experiment ...... 254 9.4 Search Engine Manipulation Effect (SEME) ...... 255 9.5 2014 Lok Sabha Election ...... 256 9.6 2008 and 2012 Presidential Elections ...... 257 9.7 Power of Google ...... 258 References...... 259 xvi Contents

10 Social Media as a Tool for Information Warfare ...... 261 Aylin Manduric 10.1 Social Media...... 261 10.2 Information Warfare ...... 262 10.3 Arab Spring ...... 263

Part III A Library to Last Forever 11 Wolfram|Alpha: A Computational Knowledge “Search” Engine ...... 267 John B. Cassel 11.1 Introduction ...... 267 11.2 Against the Grain: Comparing Wolfram|Alpha’s Technology...... 268 11.3 Direct Differences: Wolfram|Alpha in Comparison with Google ...... 268 11.4 Internal Differences: Wolfram|Alpha in Comparison with IBM’s Watson ...... 273 11.5 Institutional Differences: Wolfram|Alpha in Comparison with Wikipedia ...... 275 11.6 Wolfram|Alpha’s Relationship with Artificial Intelligence ..... 276 11.7 How Wolfram|Alpha Could Happen: A Social History...... 277 11.8 The Business Context of Wolfram|Alpha ...... 277 11.9 An Organization that Made Wolfram|Alpha Possible ...... 278 11.10 Forming the Technology that Forms Us ...... 281 11.11 Partnerships: “Help from Our Friends” ...... 283 11.12 What Wolfram|Alpha Does, by Example ...... 284 11.13 Example: Food ...... 284 11.14 Example: Automobiles ...... 284 11.15 Example: Sports and Games ...... 285 11.16 Example: Places ...... 288 11.17 Example: Relations ...... 290 11.18 Example: Humor...... 291 11.19 What Wolfram|Alpha Cannot yet Do ...... 292 11.20 The Ongoing Legacy ...... 296 11.21 New Initiatives ...... 296 11.22 A Language with Reference to the World ...... 297 11.23 Finding the Semantic Meaning of Unstructured Data ...... 297 11.24 Summing up ...... 298 References...... 299 12 Toward Seamless Access: Libraries from Alexandria Through the Digital Age ...... 301 Barret Havens and Jennifer Rosenfeld 12.1 Historical Roots of Library Access ...... 301 Contents xvii

12.2 Impact of the Gutenberg Printing Press ...... 301 12.3 Collocation and Assignment Indexing ...... 305 12.4 Floundering in a Sea of Information: The Web and Information Literacy...... 308 12.5 Library 2.0 and the Rise of Next-Generation Library Search Interfaces...... 311 12.6 Integrating the Search Process ...... 313 12.7 Search Process: OpenURL Resolvers ...... 313 12.8 Search Process: Federated Searching ...... 316 12.9 Search Process: Web-Scale Discovery ...... 318 12.10 Integrating Services: Library Consortia...... 321 12.11 Integrating Services: Vendor Partnerships...... 323 12.12 Integrating Services: Cooperative Reference Services ...... 325 12.13 Integrating Services: Instant Information for the End User ..... 326 References...... 330 13 Privileged Information: The Corporatization of Information...... 335 Frances Eames Noland 13.1 Information Literacy ...... 335 13.2 Privileged Information ...... 336 13.3 Librarians ...... 336 13.4 Digital Media ...... 337 13.5 Total Information Awareness ...... 337 13.6 Digital Commons ...... 338 References...... 339 14 Communication and Language in the Age of Digital Transformation ...... 341 Tiana Sinclair 14.1 The Philosophy...... 341 14.2 Information ...... 341 14.3 The Unspeakable Level ...... 342 14.4 Logic of Paradox ...... 343 14.5 Artificial Languages ...... 345 14.6 The Internet of the Brain ...... 348 References...... 349

Part IV Tree of Ennoblement 15 “How”—The Key to Knowledge-Building Pedagogy Success in Supporting Paradigm Shifts for Student Growth and the 4Cs of Future Education ...... 353 Sandra Lund-Diaz, Mireia Montane and Penelope Beery 15.1 Introduction ...... 353 15.2 A Model for the 4Cs of Future Education ...... 354 15.3 Contextualization and Personalized Learning ...... 356 xviii Contents

15.4 Promoting UNESCO’s Competency Framework for Teaching ...... 359 15.5 Conclusions ...... 361 References...... 362 16 Educational Ergonomics and the Future of the Mind ...... 363 Z.R. Tolan 16.1 Designing Technology to Fit the Brain...... 363 16.2 Digital Technology ...... 364 16.3 Tailoring Content to Fit the Student ...... 367 16.4 Component 1: The Content...... 368 16.4.1 Content Appeal ...... 368 16.4.2 Content Forms...... 369 16.4.3 Content Dissection...... 372 16.5 Component 2: The Student ...... 374 16.6 Maximizing Human Potential and the Future of the Mind ..... 378 References...... 379 17 An Answer to the Math Problem ...... 381 Lewis Watson 17.1 Measuring Up in Math ...... 381 17.2 Structure of Math ...... 382 17.3 Educational Structure ...... 382 17.4 Individualized Learning Plans...... 383 17.5 Automated Learning Systems ...... 385 18 XQ Super Schools—Bolder Super School Project...... 387 Andrew Donaldson 18.1 XQ Super School ...... 387 18.2 Free and Low Cost Education ...... 388 18.3 Critical Thinking...... 388 18.4 Skill Repair...... 388 18.5 Online Education ...... 389 18.6 Motivation ...... 390

Part V We are the Borg 19 Transfigurism: Glimpse into a Future of Religion as Exemplified by Religious Transhumanists...... 395 Lincoln Cannon 19.1 Future of Religion and Religions of the Future ...... 395 19.2 Theology ...... 396 19.3 Epistemology ...... 398 19.4 Theodicy...... 401 19.5 Eschatology ...... 402 19.6 Soteriology ...... 404 19.7 Conclusion ...... 405 References...... 406 Contents xix

20 Gene Editing: A New Hope! ...... 407 Christoph Lahtz 20.1 Genetics ...... 407 20.2 CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing ...... 408 20.3 Cancer and Disease Treatments ...... 408 21 The Future of Driverless Cars ...... 411 Cyrus Shahabi 21.1 Navigation and Optimization ...... 411 21.2 Solution to Traffic Congestion ...... 412 21.3 Privacy and Security Issues ...... 413 21.4 Traffic Infrastructure ...... 413 References...... 413 22 Continuous Penetration Testing ...... 415 Darren Manners 22.1 Penetration Tests...... 415 22.2 Continuous Penetration Testing ...... 416 23 Autonomous Vulnerability Scanning and Patching of Binaries .... 419 Dennis Gamayunov, Mikhail Voronov and Newton Lee 23.1 DARPA Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC)...... 419 23.2 Static, Dynamic, and Hybrid Analysis for Vulnerability Scanning...... 420 23.3 Intermediate Representation (IR)...... 421 23.4 Overview of Open-Source Tools Based on LLVM IR ...... 422 23.5 An Algorithm for Autonomous Vulnerability Scanning and Patching of Binaries ...... 423 23.6 Changes and New Features for Clang Static Analyzer ...... 424 23.7 Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC) Examples...... 425 23.8 CGC Results and Acknowledgements...... 429 References...... 430

Part VI Artificial General Intelligence 24 Self-Motivating Computational System Cognitive Architecture: An Introduction...... 433 David J. Kelley 24.1 Introduction to Artificial General Intelligence ...... 433 24.2 Understanding the Problem...... 435 24.3 Relationship with the Standard Concepts of Cognitive Architecture ...... 436 24.4 Emergent by Design ...... 436 24.5 Independent Core Observer Model (ICOM) Working ...... 437 24.6 Unified AGI Architecture ...... 441 24.7 Motivation of the Core Model and ICOM Action...... 442 xx Contents

24.8 Application Biasing ...... 443 24.9 Personality, Interests and Desire Development ...... 443 24.10 Summary ...... 444 References...... 444 25 Modeling Emotions in a Computational System ...... 447 David J. Kelley 25.1 Introduction to Emotional Modeling ...... 447 25.2 Understanding the Problem of Emotional Modeling ...... 448 25.3 The Plutchik Method ...... 448 25.4 The Wilcox Model ...... 450 25.5 The Emotional Comparative Relationship...... 451 25.6 Context Assignments ...... 452 25.7 Computer Mental Illness...... 453 25.8 Motivation of the Core Model ...... 453 25.9 Core Context ...... 454 25.10 Personality, Interests and Desires of the ICOM System ...... 456 25.11 Free Will as an Illusion of Complex Contextual Emotional Value Systems ...... 456 25.12 Plutchik Verses Willcox ...... 457 25.13 Visualizing Emotional Modeling Using Plutchik ...... 457 25.14 Summary ...... 459 References...... 460 26 Artificial General Intelligence Subjective Experience ...... 463 David J. Kelley 26.1 Introduction to Mind and Consciousness ...... 463 26.2 Order from Chaos...... 464 26.3 Data Architecture ...... 464 26.4 Emergence from Chaos...... 467 26.5 Thought Architecture and the Phase Threshold...... 469 26.6 ‘Context’ Thought Processing...... 469 26.7 Not like Our Own...... 470 26.8 Conclusion ...... 471 References...... 471

Part VII The Transhumanist Age 27 Transhumanism: The Growing Worldview ...... 475 Natasha Vita-More 27.1 Introduction ...... 475 27.2 Transhumanism...... 477 27.3 Misinformation ...... 478 27.4 Social Needs and the Political in Brief ...... 480 27.5 Emerging Technologies ...... 483 27.6 Practical Transhumanism ...... 484 References...... 486 Contents xxi

28 Why I Am a Transhumanist...... 489 Dirk Bruere 28.1 Definition of Transhumanism ...... 489 28.2 Childhood...... 489 28.3 The Human Condition ...... 492 28.4 AI Winters ...... 493 28.5 Transhumanist Moment ...... 493 28.6 CRISPR and the Designer Baby ...... 495 28.7 Posthuman ...... 496 28.8 Ethics ...... 496 28.9 Politics ...... 497 29 The Splintering and Controversy of Transhumanism...... 499 Emily Peed 29.1 The Transhumanist Movement ...... 499 29.2 Digital Divide ...... 500 29.3 Humanity+ ...... 500 29.4 Evolving Nature of Transhumanist Thought ...... 501 29.5 Sex and Gender in Transhumanism ...... 505 29.6 To the Future, and Beyond! ...... 508 References...... 508 30 Our Hopes and Expectations for the Next President ...... 511 Robert Niewiadomski and Dennis Anderson 30.1 Presidential Campaign ...... 511 30.2 Effective Leadership ...... 511 30.3 Styles of Leadership ...... 512 30.4 Plutocracy...... 513 30.5 What is Wrong with Current Leaderships...... 514 30.6 Ideal Leader ...... 515 31 The Transhumanist Platform and Interview with 2016 U.S. Presidential Candidate Zoltan Istvan...... 517 Newton Lee 31.1 Prologue—WWJD ...... 517 31.2 Who Are the Transhumanists? ...... 517 31.3 Who Are not Transhumanists? ...... 518 31.4 Transhumanism in American Politics ...... 518 31.5 The Transhumanist Platform ...... 518 31.6 #1 Education—Eliminate the Digital Divide; Integrate Liberal Arts and Technical Education...... 519 31.7 #2 Healthcare—Eradicate Diseases; Improve Quality of Life ...... 520 31.8 #3 Employment—Let Robots Do the Work; Start Living Your Dreams...... 520 xxii Contents

31.9 #4 Public Safety—Improve Guns, Infrastructure, Law and Order ...... 522 31.10 #5 World Peace and Prosperity—Apply Quantum Computer Simulations...... 523 31.11 An Interview with 2016 U.S. Presidential Candidate Zoltan Istvan...... 524 31.12 Epilogue—The Tower of Babel ...... 526 References...... 527 Index ...... 533