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Improving the Beaglebone Board with Embedded Ubuntu, Enhanced GPMC Driver and Python for Communication and Graphical Prototypes
Final Master Thesis Improving the BeagleBone board with embedded Ubuntu, enhanced GPMC driver and Python for communication and graphical prototypes By RUBÉN GONZÁLEZ MUÑOZ Directed by MANUEL M. DOMINGUEZ PUMAR FINAL MASTER THESIS 30 ECTS, JULY 2015, ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING Abstract Abstract BeagleBone is a low price, small size Linux embedded microcomputer with a full set of I/O pins and processing power for real-time applications, also expandable with cape pluggable boards. The current work has been focused on improving the performance of this board. In this case, the BeagleBone comes with a pre-installed Angstrom OS and with a cape board using a particular software “overlay” and applications. Due to a lack of support, this pre-installed OS has been replaced by Ubuntu. As a consequence, the cape software and applications need to be adapted. Another necessity that emerges from the stated changes is to improve the communications through a GPMC interface. The depicted driver has been built for the new system as well as synchronous variants, also developed and tested. Finally, a set of applications in Python using the cape functionalities has been developed. Some extra graphical features have been included as example. Contents Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 List of figures ......................................................................................................................................................................... -
The 6502 Instruction Set
6502asm user guide – prerelease version A PRE-RELEASE VERSION OF 6502ASM... IT MAY NOT WORK ENTIRELY CORRECTLYTHIS IS YET. If you discover errors, please report them to me! 6502asm v0.04 user guide page 1 6502asm user guide – prerelease version Introduction 6502asm is a simple assembler for 6502 code. It supports a variety of assembler commands to control output and extend the 6502 instruction set. The instruction set provided is the legal NMOS 6502 set, and the CMOS 65C02 instruction set according to the Western Design Center W65C02S datasheet (not the MOS 65CE02 variant). The NMOS “undocumented” instructions are not supported. The command syntax is: 6502asm <input file> <output file> Purpose 6502asm is part of the Amélie project. It was written in order to allow the BIOS code to be written and compiled without requiring the use of a BBC microcomputer (or emulator). While it is primarily intended for this purpose, it is flexible enough to be used for the assembly of 6502 code for other environments, such as the BBC micro (or compatible) or other 6502-based devices. 6502asm fits in with Amélie’s philosophy of “keep it simple”. 6502asm assembles in two passes, much as code is usually assembled under BBC BASIC. Currently, 6502asm does not support macros or conditional assembly, though these features are “in planning”. If you are used to Acorn systems, you may be pleased to know that 6502asm considers ‘&’ to mean “this is a hex number”, which is one of the main reasons I wrote this instead of using one of the many other 6502 assemblers available. -
Acorn User Welcomes Submissions Irom Readers
ACORN BBC MICRO- ELECTRON- ATOM DECEMBER 1984 £1 TOP SCORE We pick the 20 best games of '84 ORGAN PROJECT Build your own keyboard DATABASES File on six packages LIGHTPENS Which one shines? Program entry at a stroke ' MUSIC MICRO PLEASE!! Jj V L S ECHO I is a high quality 3 octave keyboard of 37 full sized keys operating electroni- cally through gold plated contacts. The keyboard which is directly connected to the user port of the computer does not require an independent power supply unit. The ECHOSOFT Programme "Organ Master" written for either the BBC Model B' or the Commodore 64 supplied with the keyboard allows these computers to be used as real time synth- esizers with full control of the sound envelopes. The pitch and duration of the sound envelope can be changed whilst playing, and the programme allows the user to create and allocate his own sounds to four pre-defined keys. Additional programmes in the ECHOSOFT Series are in the course of preparation and will be released shortly. Other products in the range available from your LVL Dealer are our: ECHOKIT (£4.95)" External Speaker Adaptor Kit, allows your Commodore or BBC Micro- computer to have an external sound output socket allowing the ECHOSOUND Speaker amplifier to be connected. (£49.95)' - ECHOSOUND A high quality speaker amplifier with a 6 dual cone speaker and a full 6 watt output will fill your room with sound. The sound frequency control allows the tone of the sound output to be changed. Both of the above have been specifically designed to operate with the ECHO Series keyboard. -
AMP17 Acornsoft Order Form Autumn 1984
Autumn 1984 Acornsoft Order form Acornsoft software for the BBC Microcomputer. The symbols tell you in what form the programs areavailable. cassette disc dual format 40/80 track disc ROM indicates suitability for Model A or B indicates you can use joysticks requires 6502 Second Processor. Home Education Spooky Manor SBE18 8.65 9.95 ElSNE18 10.00 11.50 ABC* SBE24 8.65 9.95 SNE24 10.00 11.50 Talkback* SBE22 8.65 9.95 SNE22 10.00 11.50 Workshop* SBE23 8.65 9.95 SNE23 10.00 11.50 Tree of Knowledge SBE04 8.65 9.95 ElSNE04 10.00 11.50 Peeko-Computer SBE02 8.65 9.95 SNE02 10.00 11.50 Business Games SBE03 8.65 9.95 SNE03 10.00 11.50 Podd XBE26 8.65 9.95 XNE26 10.00 11.50 Juggle Puzzle XBE27 8.65 9.95 XNE27 10.00 11.50 Squeeze XBE28 8.65 9.95 XNE28 10.00 11.50 Facemaker XBE10 8.65 9.95 ElXNE10 10.00 11.50 Words Words Words XBE19 8.65 9.95 El XNE19 10.00 11.50 Hide &Seek XBE11 8.65 9.95 XNE11 10.00 11.50 Total Acornsoft software for the BBC Microcomputer Order form Children from Space XBE16 8.65 9.95 XNE16 10.00 11.50 Let's Count XBE12 8.65 9.95 XNE12 10.00 11.50 Number Gulper XBE13 8.65 9.95 XNE13 . 10.00 11.50 Number Puzzler XBE14 8.65 9.95 XNE14 10.00 11.50 Number Chaser XBE15 8.65 9.95 Et XNE15 10.00 11.50 Cranky XBE17 8.65 9.95 XNE17 10.00 11.50 Table Adventures XBE18 8.65 9.95 XNE18 10.00 11 50 Languages FORTH SBL01 14.65 16.85 SNL01 17.30 19.90 SBL13* 43.35 49.85 LISP SBL02 14.65 16.85 SNL02 17.30 19.90 SBL14 43.35 49.85 LISP Demonstrations SBL09 8.65 9.95 SNL09 10.00 11.50 Microtext SBL04 43.35 49.85 SNL04 52.00 -
Embedded Systems: Principles and Practice
Embedded Systems: Concepts and Practices Part 2 Christopher Alix Prairie City Computing, Inc. ECE 420 University of Illinois April 22, 2019 Outline (Part 2) ⚫ ARM and DSP Architectures ⚫ Software challenges in Embedded Systems ⚫ Key decisions in ES software development ⚫ Low-cost ES Prototyping Platforms ⚫ Trends and opportunities in the ES industry Embedded System Definition • A dedicated computer performing a specific function as a part of a larger system • High-reliability systems operating in a resource-constrained environment (typically cost, space & power) • Essential Goal: Turn hardware problems into software problems. ARM Architecture Unifying ES Development 32-bit and 32/64-bit variants Started by Acorn Computers (UK) in 1983 ARM Holdings bought by Softbank in 2016 Core licensees (~500) (Include ARM CPUs on their chips) Architectural Licenses (~15) (Design their own CPUs based on the ARM instruction set) ARM Architecture Unifying ES Development Licensees include Analog Devices, Apple, AMD, Atmel, Broadcom, Qualcomm, Cypress, Huawei, NXP, Nvidia, Renesas, Samsung, STM, TI, Altera (Intel), Xilinx. 15 billion ARM-based chips sold per year (2016) Dominant market share Smartphones (95%) Computer peripherals (65%) Hard disks and SSDs (95%) Automotive (50% overall; 85% infotainment) ARM Architecture Unifying ES Development Brought order to a chaotic industry with dozens of different proprietary processor architectures Enabled a common set of tools, techniques and technologies to be shared across the ES industry (one Linux port, one gcc/g++ -
Practical-Computing
85pMay 1984 Reviews Grid Compass, Sharp PC -5000 Olivetti M-24, Touch Screen HP 150 BBC Graphics ROM and telesoftware add-on Logo for Atari, Commodore 64, Spectrum Denmark DKr34.50, Greece Dra 245. Holland DFL8 50. Italy L4100, Spain Pts 360. Switzerland SFr7 40, Germany DM8 50. France Fr32.60, Canada C$4.50, Australia A$3.00, Singapore M$6.35. USA $3.95(D72162) Authorised Dealer Service Centre System Consultancy COMPUTECH FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING PACKAGES Payroll £375 Invoicing and Stock Recording £295 Sales, Purchases and General Ledgers each £295 Also costing and group consolidation COMPUTECH UTILITIES DISK for reliable error checking copying, diskette scan, interpret and patch, etc VisiCalc, Applewriter and other Apple software (Prices onrequest) COMPUTECH CHAIN MAIL A mailing merging document processor which may be used with text files, including random files and Applewriter 1.1 binary files COMPUTECH GRAPHICS DISK for printing Apple pictures and graphs on Epson and Microline (free with printers purchased from Computech)£30 COMPUTECH TERMINAL UTILITIES Apple to Apple and Apple to mainframe from £130 switches and jumpers provide hardware options without soldering OM 4:2).Got_ovavav_ DIPLOMAT VIDEO DIGITISER store a frame from video camera in etof a second, process and print - for Apple II £195 for APPLE //e, including 64K Extended 80 Column Card£345 DIPLOMAT PARALLEL Interface £80 DIPLOMAT SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS Interface £85 DIPLOMAT RAM 16 Memory Expansion £95 DIPLOMAT CLOCKICALENDAR £80 LOWER CASE Character Generator with Applewriter 1,1. enhancements £50 MICROMUX Data Exchange (Max 16 Ports) from £850 MATRIX PRINTERS, Microline and Epson with graphics and up to 200 cps from £222 MICROLINE Optional Character Generator £15 DAISY WHEEL PRINTERS, Olympia, Qume, Ricoh from £798 Prices exclude VAT, Carriage and Packing For full details phone for data sheets and a FREE demonstration CLIMPUTIECIrel SYS1 168 Finchley Road, London NW3 6HP. -
OF the 1980S
THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s 23 THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s First published in 2021 by Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd, Maurice Wilkes Building, St. John’s Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0DS Publishing Director Editors Russell Barnes Phil King, Simon Brew Sub Editor Design Nicola King Critical Media Illustrations CEO Sam Alder with Brian O Halloran Eben Upton ISBN 978-1-912047-90-1 The publisher, and contributors accept no responsibility in respect of any omissions or errors relating to goods, products or services referred to or advertised in this book. Except where otherwise noted, the content of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Contents Introduction. 6 Research Machines 380Z. 8 Commodore PET 2001. 18 Apple II. 36 Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81. 46 Commodore VIC-20 . 60 IBM Personal Computer (5150). 78 BBC Micro . 90 Sinclair ZX Spectrum. 114 Dragon 32. 138 Commodore 64. 150 Acorn Electron . .166 Apple Macintosh . .176 Amstrad CPC 464. 194 Sinclair QL . .210 Atari 520ST. 222 Commodore Amiga. 234 Amstrad PCW 8256. 256 Acorn Archimedes . .268 Epilogue: Whatever happened to the British PC? . .280 Acknowledgements . 281 Further reading, further viewing, and forums. 283 Index . .286 The chapters are arranged in order of each computer’s availability in the UK, as reflected by each model’s date of review in Personal Computer World magazine. Introduction The 1980s was, categorically, the best decade ever. Not just because it gave us Duran Duran and E.T., not even because of the Sony Walkman. -
BEEBUG Vol.7 No.2
REVIEWS • S S S iff-6 12 SiDBeebDOSttomw— O StomM'c'°,10SS u 19 regular items 22 2 6 Editor’s Jottings 2 8 News '■ Supp'emert 3 0 Hints and Tips I M46 5Magazine* DiscfTapuiscm “ ^ ay* 1 50 HINTS & TIPS 53 54 (B W iS rt 60 Teletext Characters PROGRAM INFORMATION All programs listed in BEEBUG magazine are Programs are checked against all standard Acorn produced direct from working programs. They systems (model B, B+, Master, Compact and are listed in LIST01 format with a line length of 40. Electron; Basic I and Basic II; ADFS, DFS and However, you do not need to enter the space Cassette filing systems; and the Tube). We hope after the line number when typing in programs, as that the classification symbols for programs, and this is only included to aid readability. The line also reviews, will clarify matters with regard to length of 40 will help in checking programs listed compatibility. The complete set of icons is given on a 40 column screen. 1. Curve DrawingI 2. Knight's Tour 2- 3. Chords 4 Keyboards 4. Double View Review CHORD u"wf‘ K E V H O T E < n stvf' H Ritros»«lM 5 (con Designer X{}aJ 6. ADFS View Menu I Processor |ir*c*orV iursor Computer System Filing System below. These show clearly the valid combinations Master (Basic IV) ADFS 17* of machine (version of Basic) and filing system for Compact (Basic VI) DFS each item, and Tube compatibility. A single line through a symbol indicates partial working Model B (Basic II) Cassette U=] (normally just a few changes will be needed); a cross shows total incompatibility. -
Educational Software and Books from Acornsoft
EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE AND BOOKS FROM ACORNSOFT WINTER 1984/85 This catalogue is a compilation of those Acornsoft products which are suitable for use in education, from infant to further and higher education levels. Acornsoft has established a wide range of products developed by different specialised departments within the Company. The increasingly diverse applications of the BBC Microcomputer in educational establishments have led to a demand for software for use in several departments. INTRODUCTION For example, word processors, spreadsheets, programming languages and authoring languages are used in commercial courses, economics, computer science, computer awareness and across the primary school curriculum. It is hoped that all teachers will find something in this catalogue to assist them in their teaching and, as new products become available, they will benefit from Acomsoft's experience in supporting the BBC Microcomputer and Acorn Electron. Details are also included in this catalogue of software ROMs which are offered in bulk to educational establishments at substantial discounts. By looking at our special symbols, you can tell in what form the programs are available: on cassette on 40 track disc on dual format 40/80 track disc via plug-in Read Only Memory (ROM) which can be specially fitted by your dealer * requires 6502 Second Processor * To use ROM software your computer should be fitted with the 1.0 machine operating system, or later versions. This will be supplied free of charge if required. t All software is suitable for use with the BBC Microcomputer Model B unless otherwise stated. ACORNSOFT 4 EDUCATION ACORN 11 CES VIEW FAMILY 15 AND DATABASE PROGRAMMING 19 LANGUAGES ACORNSOFT 23 HOME EDUCATION INDEX AND ORDERING DETAILS (centrefold) Acornsoft Education publish a range of programs for pupils ACORNSOFT of primary and secondary age. -
Explicit Network Scheduling
Explicit Network Scheduling Richard John Black Churchill College University of Cambridge A dissertation submitted for the degree of Do ctor of Philosophy December Abstract This dissertation considers various problems asso ciated with the scheduling and network IO organisation found in conventional op erating systems for eective supp ort for multimedia applications which require Quality of Service A solution for these problems is prop osed in a microkernel structure The pivotal features of the prop osed design are that the pro cessing of device interrupts is p erformed by userspace pro cesses which are scheduled by the system like any other that events are used for b oth inter and intra pro cess synchronisation and the use of a sp ecially develop ed high p erformance IO buer management system An evaluation of an exp erimental implementation is included In addition to solv ing the scheduling and networking problems addressed the prototyp e is shown to outp erform the Wanda system a lo cally develop ed microkernel on the same platform This dissertation concludes that it is p ossible to construct an op erating system where the kernel provides only the fundamental job of ne grain sharing of the CPU b etween pro cesses and hence synchronisation b etween those pro cesses This enables pro cesses to p erform task sp ecic optimisations as a result system per formance is enhanced b oth with resp ect to throughput and the meeting of soft realtime guarantees To my parents John and Marcella Preface Except where otherwise stated in the text this dissertation -
Acorn Communicator User Guide
(c) Copyright Acorn Computers limited 1986 This apparatus is intended for use when supplied with power from the above power supply. Other usage will invalidate any approval given to this Neither the whole or any part of the information contained in, or the apparatus if, as a result, it ceases to comply with BS6301: 1982. Do not use product described in, this manual may he adapted or reproduced in any the supply in conditions of extreme heat, cold, humidity, dust or m form form . except with the prior written permission of Acorn vibration. Computers Limited (Acorn Computers). There are no user-serviceable parts inside Communicator, which should Inst ructions for installing this apparatus are given in Appendix A of this not be disassembled. Guide. For maintenancq and service on the Communicator, contact your The mains power supply supplied with the Communicator is specified to supplier. operate as follows: The Acom Communicator is made in the United Kingdom by: Input 240 Volts a.c. 50Hz at 45W Output: 21 Volts a. c. 50Hz at 1.6A. Acorn Computers Ltd The power supply should be disconnected from the mains supply when the Fulbourn Road computer is not used for long periods. Cherry Hinton IMPORTANT: The wires in the mains lead for the power supply unit are Cambridge CB1 4JN coloured in accordance with the following code: BLUE – NEUTRAL BROWN–LIVE As the colours of the wires may not correspond with the coloured markings identifying the terminals in your plug, proceed as follows when replacing the plug. The approval of this modem for connection to telephone networks is INVALIDATED if the apparatus is subject to any modification in any The wire which is coloured blue must be connected to the terminal which material way not authorised by BABT or is used with, or connected to: is marked with the letter N, or coloured black or blue (though nor necessarily the same shade of that colour). -
2007 No. 1 One of the Most Dispiriting Things About Being the Editor of Eureka and a Member of the Arm Club Is the Lack of Communication Between Members
Issue 60 - 2007 No. 1 One of the most dispiriting things about being the editor of Eureka and a member of The Arm Club is the lack of communication between members. In this day and age what methods of communication do we have? In the 15th century the main communication was by voice so communication was face to face or if you were very rich, and could write, a written communication could be sent. By the time of the Victorians one could communicate by voice, letter and the new fangled telegraph using morse code. The postal service was so good you could expect three or four deliveries per day. In the early 20th century the introduction of the telephone made communication for the masses achievable. What do we have today? Well, face to face verbal communication, the post, the telephone, email, blogs, chat rooms, newsgroups etc etc. One would think that it would have become easier with all these different communication methods. However for most members of The ARM Club this appears not to be so. A computer club surely exists so that members can pass on information and swap ideas. The amount of information swapping between members using Eureka appears to be approaching absolute zero. Surely someone has some useful knowledge about software or hardware they could pass on to other members? It can be just short snippets or whole articles. It becomes harder and harder to find enough material to fill a magazine. Soon you may end up with some very thin mags. However there is a ray of hope - a member has emailed Eureka with useful information, so for the first time in three years I can start a letters page! Let us hope it won’t be another three years before I get another one.