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85pMay 1984 Reviews Grid Compass, Sharp PC -5000 Olivetti M-24, Touch Screen HP 150 BBC Graphics ROM and telesoftware add-on Logo for Atari, Commodore 64, Spectrum Denmark DKr34.50, Greece Dra 245. Holland DFL8 50. Italy L4100, Spain Pts 360. Switzerland SFr7 40, Germany DM8 50. France Fr32.60, Canada C$4.50, Australia A$3.00, Singapore M$6.35. USA $3.95(D72162) Authorised Dealer Service Centre System Consultancy COMPUTECH FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING PACKAGES Payroll £375 Invoicing and Stock Recording £295 Sales, Purchases and General Ledgers each £295 Also costing and group consolidation COMPUTECH UTILITIES DISK for reliable error checking copying, diskette scan, interpret and patch, etc VisiCalc, Applewriter and other Apple software (Prices onrequest) COMPUTECH CHAIN MAIL A mailing merging document processor which may be used with text files, including random files and Applewriter 1.1 binary files COMPUTECH GRAPHICS DISK for printing Apple pictures and graphs on Epson and Microline (free with printers purchased from Computech)£30 COMPUTECH TERMINAL UTILITIES Apple to Apple and Apple to mainframe from £130 switches and jumpers provide hardware options without soldering OM 4:2).Got_ovavav_ DIPLOMAT VIDEO DIGITISER store a frame from video camera in etof a second, process and print - for Apple II £195 for APPLE //e, including 64K Extended 80 Column Card£345 DIPLOMAT PARALLEL Interface £80 DIPLOMAT SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS Interface £85 DIPLOMAT RAM 16 Memory Expansion £95 DIPLOMAT CLOCKICALENDAR £80 LOWER CASE Character Generator with Applewriter 1,1. enhancements £50 MICROMUX Data Exchange (Max 16 Ports) from £850 MATRIX PRINTERS, Microline and Epson with graphics and up to 200 cps from £222 MICROLINE Optional Character Generator £15 DAISY WHEEL PRINTERS, Olympia, Qume, Ricoh from £798 Prices exclude VAT, Carriage and Packing For full details phone for data sheets and a FREE demonstration CLIMPUTIECIrel SYS1 168 Finchley Road, London NW3 6HP. Tel: 01-794 0202 Circle No. 101 The Apple logo is a trade mark of Apple Compu`er Inc. VisiCalc is a trade mark of VisiCorp. Bsp 11 u soft_T PRACTICAL COMPUTING Wel'1984] LOGO - GROUP ARE 100REVIEW '102PROGRAMSil'141NN ON TV >NEWS Boris Allen surveys versions of Logo An introduction to BBC TV's HARDWARE NEWS for popular micros - including the Ceefax-based service and the 13Camputers' 128K Lynx Atari, Commodore 64 and Sinclair Acorn/BBC Teletext system. with CP/M, and a second processor Spectrum. OA LINEAR for the BBC Micro - but still no FA, OM RA N G GAMESSPECTRUM 61° PROGRAMMING Z-80. 146 THEZI The Simplex algorithm and its use in SOFTWARE NEWS Spectrum games keep improving, as planning production, with a program 21Foreign -language learning Jack Schofield discovers. in Microsoft Basic by Adrian Hill. takes off, while Microsoft gives Basic BBC BOOKS COMMODORE 64 programmers multiple windows. 171Simon Beesley's selection 107GRAPHICS - PART 3 4C IBM PC NEWS of recent books for the Acorn/BBC Boris Allan completes his selection of aIBM makes more profits, machine. routines for graphics on the aims to stop pirates, and announces Commodore 64. its own portable version of the PC. >INTEGRATED HOME-INTO-BUSINESS 111MICROMI SURVEY SOFTWARE Can a home micro really have >REV I EWS business uses? We look at six popular AN THE SALES EDGE 12c machines to see how useful they are, INTEGRATION and how to upgrade them. 47Can a software package help What is really meant by "integrated" a sales team? We report on the first software. CLEAN UP YOUR of a new range of American packages 116POWER SUPPLIES that give you the edge. SOFTWARE Chris Naylor on how to ensure glitch - 126IN SUITES free computing pleasure. NEW OLIVETTI Chris Bidmead surveys some well 78M-24 MICRO known software families. FICTION A special review of a new IBM PC 122Take time out with L S look -alike in prototype from 120SINCLAIR QL Murray's Starfiend. Europe's leading computer The QL's integrated manufacturer. software is one of its major attractions. Glyn Moody tries it out. IN TOUCH WITH >REGULARS 84THE HP 150 ALL -IN -ONE C EDITORIAL - Hewlett-Packard's innovative desk- 130PROGRAMS aCOMING SOON ... top micro with touch screen From Lotus 1-2-3 and The Incredible Why complain about delays to the operation, examined by Glyn Moody.Jack to Open Access and Symphony QL when everything is late? - Jack Schofield surveys the 80BBC GRAPHICS booming all -in -one market. 7FEEDBACK UP. ON A ROM CHIP Piracy and back-up copying, Neville Maude tries the new correspondence and advice from Computer Concepts ROM which 132ENVIRONMENTS readers. adds extra graphics commands. For true integration, software meets hardware, as in the Xerox Star, CHIP -CHAT Apple Macintosh and other state-of- 29DEC fights back with the-art micros. the Micro Vax. 13cINTEGRATED SOFTWARE WORKSHOP 1J1 ACCOUNTS 35HASHED TABLES Integration is all-important in the Mike Lewis with more invaluable down-to-earth field of accounts advice for programmers - this packages, as Mike Lewis explains. month, hash coding. 15cOPEN FILE GRID COMPASS aSee the separate contents 90The transportable that went >FEATURES page for details of this month's free on the Space Shuttle - the slickest, HOW TO HANDLE software for the Apple, BBC, sleekest model yet. 48DATA FILES Commodore and other micros. 9A SHARP PC -5000 Paul Myerscough explains the LAST WORD ffmli Chris Bidmead reports on the essentials of efficient data handling, 811EDUCATION stylish 16 -bit bubble -memory portablewith Microsoft program listings for Sixth -form student Jon Lansdell - is its beauty more than skin deep? the IBM PC. presents a user's -eye view. PRACTICAL COMPUTING May 1984 3 ASHTON TAI E dBASEii database microevenmore. leadinggive. you Theworld'snow can 11 package fordBASE dGRAPHTmpartner graphics Introducing a owerful databasegraphics Thep sYstem that enables you to produce high quality bar, line and pie bar charts withoutanyuniquespecific programming knowledge. Everyone can now producegraphsinminutes with dGRAPH: managers, staff and secretaries. The AUTOGRAPH feature The Fox & Geller dGRAPH system couldn't be simpler- just select the graph you require, and choose the dBASE data, let AUTOGRAPH do the rest. Whether you want to automatically load your dBASE data, compute scales, draw grid lines or you need more advanced features such as `zoom -in' capability,or combination bar charts,AUTOGRAPH can cope ... all at the push of a button. The flexible time saver The scope for plotting data is limitless with dGRAPH. Use dGRAPH to extract data from dBASE II so that you can produce high quality charts.You can even graph the difference between two fields, and create graphs showing averages and percentages. And, in addition, there's a calendar feature to allow you to 'build' data by day, month or year. Think about how much time you spend drawing sales graphs and comparison charts- think how easy it could be from now on. Talk to your local dealer now and feel confident about presentations in the future. Circle No. 102 details 6811 &Gellermore (077382) Fox for 01-8331173 Contact Midlectron 871211 5 - distributors Ltd (0703) DEALE these 2040 Software 6271800 of 01-844 orone 5602,7 Xitan 011-75157g1 ( \Winds° 1 Tradesoft Softsel 01-769 W5)6 65 Ferrari & Pam 01-591 FOX&GELLER Pete 860171 (0476) 7000 Fox & Geller (UK) Ltd,17 Wigmore Street, London W1. Tel 01-580 5816 MPI 091-455 SoftOption dGRAPH is a trademark of Fox & GellerdBASE]] is a trademark of Ashton-Tate ACT(Pulsar) Editorial Readysoon EDITORIAL 01-661 3609 Editor AN INCREDIBLE NUMBERof people have phoned on the BBC Microcomputer System Infor- Jack Schofield to ask if we would like a review of the Sinclair mation Sheet G2, a leaflet which nowhere Assistant Editors QL. Most of them people who really ought to mentions the manufacturer, Acorn. Ian Stobie knowbetter.The conversationcontinues, In October 1982 we were promised a Z-80 Glyn Moody "Have you actually got a machine, then?" And add-on for the Commodore 64 which, we were Art Editor the answer comes back, "No, but I'm expecting told, would provide CP/M. Now, some 18 Stephen Miller it by the end of * * * * *." Fill in February, months later, we are told "there are some in the Production Editor March, April, May, etc. according to taste. warehouse", and we expect ours to arrive soon. John Liebmann Like most magazines we reserved a QL Also at the end of 1982 we were playing with Sub -editor immediately after its launch, but with no real the new Camputers Lynx micro, and we were Carol Hammond expectation of seeing a machine in less than promised CP/M for that. Again, the press Editorial Secretary launch took place in March 1984. When real Sue Jordan three months.It never occurred to us that people will get real systems is still a matter for Consultants anyone involved with the micro industry would Chris Bidmead take seriously the idea that any product, not just speculation. Peter Laurie the QL, would be delivered in "28 days". It is also a fact of computing life that when Itisobservably the case that the micro products arrive they often fail to live up to the ADVERTISING 01-661 3612 industry as a whole has a different concept of promotional hoop -la. For example, the BBC Advertisement Manager time from everyone else. "The product is in Model B is a wonderful machine, but it would Ian Carter 01-661 3021 have been even nicer if it had been delivered Assistant Advertisement stock" means you can get one in about a Manager fortnight to six weeks. "It is being delivered from the start with OS 1.2 and Basic 2, not to Paul Braybrooke 01-661 8626 now" means you might get one within 28 days. mention a really good DFS or DOS.
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  • {PDF EPUB} Lotusscript for Visual Basic Programmers by IBM

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  • The Adventurers Club Ltd. 64C Menelik Road, London NW2 3RH

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  • @ LATTICE,INC. It Is

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  • DECEMBER 1984 Editorial

    DECEMBER 1984 Editorial

    SECRET UJUJUVC!JUJUJlb f5l5CBl!JWVU~ !D~~WCB~ Cf l!l U1 v ffil! f] Ill~(! ffi g 00 (!{il C!J l! '7 00 {iJ U1 ~ [1{iJ w~ NOV-DEC 1984 EO 1. 4. (c) P .L. 86- 36 . TRENDS IN HF COMMUNICATIONS (U) •••••••••••• • ••• J.._ ___---..._.1. \\:>............ 1 • SWITCHBOARD: • PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE (U) •• ~ ............. I • • \ I .......... 5 \ OUT OF MY DEPTH (U) .......................•............•...; .. i .. \ ... ·........ 7 . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ! I ...\ .......... s 1 EXPLORING A DOS DISKETTE (U)................... I ...... :; , ........ 12 HUMAN FACTORS (U) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• I l ........ 22 CAN YOU TOP THIS? (U) ........................... E. Leigh Sawyer ... , \~ ••••••• 24 PERSONAL COMPUTING IN A GROUP (U).............. • •••••• 25 FACTION LINE (U) ••• , •••••••••••••••••••••••• • ••• Cal Q. Lator •••••••••••••• • 35 NSA-CROSTIC NO. 59 (U) •••.•••••••••••••••••••••• D.H.W.;.,, ••••••••••••••••• 36 'flllS BOC\'.JMBNT <JONTl.INS <JOBl'JWORB MATl'JRIAh Ghi'tSSIFIEB BY tfSA/SSSM lH 2 SECRET BEGI:a\-SSIFY 0N. 0r igiriet iug Agency's Betezminatior:t Reqaized Declassified and Approved for Release by NSA on 'I 0- '16-2012 pursuant to E 0 . 13526, MOR Case # 54 77B OCID: 4009933 Published by Pl, Techniques and Standards EO 1. 4. ( c) P~L. 86-36 VOL. XI, No. 11-12 NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1984 Editorial PUBLISHER BOARD OF EDITORS Edi.tor ...•••......_I _______ ... 1(963-3045s .) Product ion .•....•. I .(963-3369s) . : : : :· Collection .••••••..•••• i------.jc963-396ls) Computer Security •: ' •••••• 1 ,(859-6044) Cryptolinguist ics. l 963-1 f03s) Data Systems .•...•.•• ·l ., 963-4,953s) Information Science " • ..... I lc963-.5111s> Puzzles .......... David H. Williams'f(9637'Il03s) Special Research • ..•. Vera R. Filby;! C968'-7119s) Traffic Analysis •. Robert J. Hanyo!<f! (968-3888s) For subscript ions .. , send name and organizat~on to: I w14I i P.L.
  • Compiler and Library Tim Hunter, SAS Institute Inc.; Cary, NC

    Compiler and Library Tim Hunter, SAS Institute Inc.; Cary, NC

    An Overview of the SASle· Compiler and Library Tim Hunter, SAS Institute Inc.; Cary, NC ABSTRACT The Compiler This paper describes the major features of the SAS/C® compiler The compiler implemented the C language as described in the and library and discusses the development history oftha product. then definitive book on C, Kernighan and Ritchie's The C Pro­ The enhancements in the current production release are outlined. .gramming Language: Because the compiler was implemented for Some possible enhancements for future releases are described. IBM 370's, it included many features that were thought necessary for that architecture and for programmers who were used to working In that environment. The foliowing list describes some INTRODUCTION of these features: • The generated code IS fully reentrant, even allowing The SAS/C product has had four production reteases in its five modification of external variables. years of development. Each release included many new features and enhancements of existing features. Not only is the compiler • The compiler supports a number of built-in functions. used exclustve1y for Version 6 of the SA&!' System on ISM® main~ These are functions for which the compiler generates frame hosts, it is the leading C compiter in this market. Although instructions directly into the instruction stream, rather than the compiler and IIDrary is heavily orlented to use in large soft­ generating a call to a separately linked version of the ware systems, it is an efficient tool for any software project that function. In this release, the following functions were is written in the C langauge. implemented as built-in functions: The primary elements of the SASIC product are the the compiler strlen memcmpp ,b, strcpy memcP¥P ceil and run-time library.
  • User's Reference Manual Commodore BASIC Version

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    User’s Reference Manual Commodore BASIC Version 4.0 C: commodore Commodore BASIC Version 4.0 \ Appropriate for use with: CBM and PET Computers l Series 2001 l Series 3000 l Series 4000 l Series 8000 Part Number 321604 First Edition July 1980 C: commodore 0 1980 Commodore Business Machines, Inc. Introduction Commodore BASIC 4.0 is the most sophisticated software developed for the CBM com- puter line to date. Programs are of course upward compatible from previous Commodore BASIC releases but both the user and the programmer can enjoy new features of 4.0 The first Commodore BASIC, version 2.0, was released in August 1977 for the PET 2001-8 computer. Version 3.0 in July 1978 added a machine language monitor and corrected known bugs of version 2.0. Version 3.0 is standard in all 2001 series since July 1978. Version 4.0, completed in October 1979 included all the improvements of previous releases, enhanced the speed of string processing, and integrated disk commands into the BASIC language. BASIC 4.0 is standard in the CBM 4000 series and the CBM 8000 series. It is also available as an upgrade for CBM 2001 and 3000 series. The information in this manual has been reviewed and is believed to be entirely reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies. The material in this manual is for information purposes only and is subject to change without notice. Table of Contents Chapter 1 General Information About Commodore BASIC.................................. I 1.1 Initialization .............................................................................................1
  • Microsoft BASIC Easter Egg

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    Microsoft BASIC Easter Egg Commodore PET Microsoft 6502 BASIC has its roots in the Commodore PET Commodore bought MOS in October 1976 and worked on converting the KIM platform into a complete computer system. They licensed Microsoft BASIC for 6502 (also October 1976), renamed it to Commodore BASIC, replaced the “OK” prompt with “READY.”, stripped out the copyright string and shipped it in the ROMs of the first Commodore PET in 1977. In 1979, Commodore started shipping update ROMs with a version 2 of Commodore BASIC for existing PETs. Apart from updates in array handling, it also contained what became known as the WAIT 6502 Easter egg. If you type “WAIT6502,1” into a Commodore PET with BASIC V2 (1979), it will show the string “MICROSOFT!” at the top left corner of the screen. The Easter egg code does not print the characters through library routines, but instead writes the values directly into screen RAM. While BASIC used the ASCII character encoding, the Commodore character set had its own encoding, with “A” starting at $01, but leaving digits and special characters at the same positions as in ASCII. Thus, when the 10 hidden and obfuscated bytes a1 54 46 8f 13 8f 52 43 89 cd has their two most significant bytes stripped becoming 21 14 06 0f 13 0f 12 03 09 0d and then reversed, on the PET they decode into: MICROSOFT! Although this particular version of the Easter egg was written for the Commodore PET, Microsoft did not encode its company name in BASIC specifically for Commodore: The 9 digit BASIC 6502 version 1.1 for the KIM-1 contained the 10 hidden bytes: The version of Microsoft BASIC for the 6502-based Apple II, called “AppleSoft“, contains the same 10 bytes KIM-1 BASIC was released in 1977, AppleSoft II in spring 1978, and the V2 ROM of the PET in spring 1979.
  • {PDF EPUB} Learning IBM Basic: for the Personal Computer by David A

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    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Learning IBM Basic: For the Personal Computer by David A. Lien Learning IBM Basic: For the Personal Computer [Lien, David A.] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Learning IBM Basic: For the Personal Computer5/5(1)Format: PaperbackAuthor: David A. LienLearning IBM BASIC for the personal computer : Lien, David ...https://archive.org/details/learningibmbasic00lienLearning IBM BASIC for the personal computer Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. ... Learning IBM BASIC for the personal computer by Lien, David A. (David Alvin), 1934-Publication date 1984 Topics IBM Personal Computer, BASIC (Computer program language), ComputersPages: 520Learning IBM BASIC for the personal computer (Book, 1985 ...https://www.worldcat.org/title/learning-ibm-basic...Get this from a library! Learning IBM BASIC for the personal computer. [David A Lien] Learning IBM BASIC For The Personal Computer: ISBN: 0-932760-13-9: Author: David A. Lien: Publisher: Compusoft Publishing: Price: $19.95: First Printing: 1984: Number of Pages: 496 Learning IBM BASIC for the Personal Computer by David A. Lien A copy that has been read, but remains in clean condition. All pages are intact, and the cover is intact. The spine may show signs of wear. Pages can include limited notes and highlighting, and the copy … Learning IBM Basic: For the Personal Computer Nov 1, 1983. by David A. Lien Paperback. $23.99. Only 1 left in stock - order soon. ... by David Lien Paperback. $3.76. More Buying Choices $3.76 ... Aug 22, 2008 · Author of MS-DOS, The BASIC handbook, an encyclopedia of the BASIC computer language, The BASIC handbook, Learning BASIC for Tandy computers, Learning Apple II BASIC, The IBM BASIC handbook, The Tandy 200 portable computer, Learning Microsoft BASIC for the MacintoshWritten works: Learning IBM Basic: For the Personal ComputerBooks by David A.
  • Computer Architectures an Overview

    Computer Architectures an Overview

    Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements.