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Tartu Ülikool Filosoofiateaduskond Ajaloo Ja Arheoloogia Instituut View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DSpace at Tartu University Library Tartu Ülikool Filosoofiateaduskond Ajaloo ja arheoloogia instituut Hetiidi riigi troonipärilus Bakalaureusetöö Siim Mõttus Teaduslik juhendaja: dotsent Mait Kõiv Tartu 2015 Sisukord Sissejuhatus ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Allikad ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Historiograafia ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Nimekujud ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Ajalooline taust.................................................................................................................................... 8 1 Üldised probleemid ...................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Kuninga positsioon ja tähtsamad tiitlid ................................................................................. 10 1.2 Kronoloogilised ja genealoogilised probleemid .................................................................... 11 1.3 Valitav kuningavõim ............................................................................................................. 14 1.4 Matrilineaarsus ...................................................................................................................... 15 2 Troonipärilus ............................................................................................................................... 17 2.1 Vana riik ................................................................................................................................ 17 2.1.1 Labarna .......................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.2 Hattušili I/Labarna II ..................................................................................................... 18 2.1.3 Muršili I ......................................................................................................................... 19 2.1.4 Hantili I .......................................................................................................................... 20 2.1.5 Zidanta I ........................................................................................................................ 21 2.1.6 Ammuna ........................................................................................................................ 22 2.1.7 Huzzija I ........................................................................................................................ 23 2.1.8 Telepinu ......................................................................................................................... 23 2.2 Telepinu edikt ........................................................................................................................ 25 2.3 Keskmine riik ........................................................................................................................ 26 2.3.1 Alluwamna ja Tahurwaili .............................................................................................. 26 2.3.2 Hantili II, Zidanta (Zidanza) II, Huzzija II .................................................................... 27 2.3.3 Muwatalli I .................................................................................................................... 28 2.3.4 Tudhalija I/II .................................................................................................................. 29 2.3.5 Arnuwanda I .................................................................................................................. 30 2.3.6 Hattušili II ...................................................................................................................... 30 2.3.7 Tudhalija II/III ............................................................................................................... 31 2.4 Uus riik ehk Impeerium ......................................................................................................... 32 2.4.1 Šuppiluliuma I ............................................................................................................... 32 2.4.2 Arnuwanda II ................................................................................................................. 33 2.4.3 Muršili II ........................................................................................................................ 34 2.4.4 Muwatalli II ................................................................................................................... 34 2.4.5 Mursili III/Urhi-Tešub ................................................................................................... 35 2 2.4.6 Hattušili III .................................................................................................................... 36 2.4.7 Tudhalija IV .................................................................................................................. 37 2.4.8 Kurunta .......................................................................................................................... 38 2.4.9 Arnuwanda III ............................................................................................................... 38 2.4.10 Šuppiluliuma II .............................................................................................................. 39 3 Analüüs ......................................................................................................................................... 40 3.1 Troonipärija määramine ........................................................................................................ 40 3.2 Pärijate sugulus ...................................................................................................................... 41 3.3 Kuninga võimuloleku aeg...................................................................................................... 43 3.4 Usurpeerimine ....................................................................................................................... 44 3.5 Telepinu edikti tähtsus ........................................................................................................... 45 3.5.1 Pärilusnormi muutmine ................................................................................................. 45 3.5.2 Karistuste kehtestamine ................................................................................................. 46 3.5.3 Telepinu isiklik motivatsioon edikti kirjutamiseks ....................................................... 48 3.5.4 Edikti mõju .................................................................................................................... 49 Kokkuvõte ............................................................................................................................................ 51 Bibliograafia......................................................................................................................................... 53 Allikatõlked ....................................................................................................................................... 53 Kasutatud kirjandus ........................................................................................................................... 54 Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 60 Royal Succession in the Hittite Kingdom ......................................................................................... 60 3 Sissejuhatus Iga riigi üheks olulisemaks alustalaks on keskvõim. Keskvõimu funktsioneerimise uurimine on ühiskonna mõistmiseks elutähtsa väärtusega. Teisel aastatuhandel enne Kristust Anatoolias asunud Hetiidi riigi puhul tuleb rääkida pärilikust monarhiast. Kuid meile kättesaadavad allikad maalivad pildi hetiitide kuningavõimust, mida saatsid sageli suured probleemid. Nimelt alused, millel põhines suktsessioon paistavad olevat ebakindlad ning troonivahetust saatis seetõttu tihti verevalamine. Troon ja kuningatiitel ei pärandunud alati olemasolevate tavade järgi ning see põhjustas sisepoliitilist ja ka välispoliitilist ebastabiilsust. Seega on troonipärilusprobleemide mõistmine vajalik hetiitide ajaloost täieliku pildi saamiseks. Töö eesmärgiks on anda ülevaade hetiitide kuningatrooni pärandumisest, selle edenemisest ja sellega seonduvatest tähtsamatest sündmustest kogu Hetiidi riigi arengu kestel, seega 17. sajandi algusest kuni 13. sajandi1 lõpuni enne Kristust. Käsitluse all on teravamad probleemid, mis võisid mingil ajal mõjutada troonipäriluse kulgemist ning rõhku on pandud ka genealoogilistele küsimustele. Samuti üritab töö vastata küsimusele, kas troonipärilust reguleerivaid reforme ka reaalselt hilisemas riigi ajaloos järgiti. Lisaks püüab käesolev uurimus läheneda pärilusreformidele nende autori kuningas Telepinu vaatevinklist ja püüab näha, mis teda isiklikult motiveeris neid reforme läbi viima. Töö põhiosa on üles ehitatud
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